Part 5

Some govern both accusative and dative, such as _ofer_ (over), _on_ (on, in), _under_ (under). The general rule is that when motion is implied they take the accusative, when rest is implied, the dative. Thus _on_ with the accusative signifies 'into,' with the dative 'in.' But this rule is not strictly followed, and we often find the accusative used with verbs of rest, as in _h[=e] his h[=u]s [.g]e.timbrode ofer st[=a]n_ (he built his house on a rock), and conversely, the dative with verbs of motion, as in _h[=i]e f[=e]ollon on st[=ae]nihte_ (they fell on stony ground).

As regards the use and meaning of the prepositions, it must be noticed that _in_ is very seldom used, its place being supplied by _on_, the meaning 'on' being in its turn often expressed by _ofer_, as in the passage just quoted.

When a thing is referred to, _th[=ae]r_ is substituted for _hit_, the preposition being joined on to the _th[=ae]r_, so that, for instance, _th[=ae]r-t[=o]_ corresponds to _t[=o] him_; _h[=i]e l[=ae]ddon thone cyning t[=o] [=a]num tr[=e]owe, and t[=i]e[.g]don hine th[=ae]r-t[=o]_ (they led the king to a tree, and tied him to it). So also _h[=e]r-be[=e]astan_ is equivalent to 'east of this (country).'

Prepositions sometimes follow, instead of preceding the words they modify, sometimes with other words intervening: _h[=i]e scuton mid gafelocum him t[=o]_ (they shot at him with missiles); _h[=i]e cw[=ae]don him be.tw[=e]onan_ (they said among themselves); _th[=ae]m Aelmihtigan t[=o] lofe, the h[=i]e on [.g]e.l[=i]efdon_ (to the praise of the Almighty, in whom they believed), where _on_ {52} refers to the indeclinable _the_. So also in _thaet h[=u]s the h[=e] inne wunode_ (the house he dwelt in).

Where the noun modified by such a preposition is not expressed, the preposition becomes an adverb: _se cyning s[e,]nde his h[e,]re t[=o], and for.dyde th[=a] mannslagan_ (the king sent his army to the place, and destroyed the murderers).

NEGATION.

The negative particle is _ne_, which drops its _e_ before some common verbs and pronouns, as in _nis_ = _ne is_, _n[=a]n_ = _ne [=a]n_. The negative particle is prefixed to every finite verb in a sentence, and to all the words besides which admit the contracted forms:--_t[=o].cw[=i]esed hr[=e]od h[=e] ne for.br[=i]ett_ (he breaks not the bruised reed), _hit n[=a] ne f[=e]oll_ (it did not fall); _n[=a]n mann nyste n[=a]n thing_ (no man knew anything). So also with _ne ... ne_ = 'neither ... nor': _ne fl[=i]tt h[=e] ne h[=e] ne hr[=i]emth_ (he neither disputes nor cries out).

CORRELATION.

Correlation is often more fully expressed in Old than in Modern English, as in _th[=a] th[=a] m[e,]nn sl[=e]pon, th[=a] c[=o]m his f[=e]onda sum_ = '_when_ the men slept, _then_ came one of his enemies.' In _th[=a] th[=a]_ = 'when' the two correlatives are brought immediately together:--_th[=a] th[=a] h[=e] s[=e]ow, sumu h[=i]e f[=e]ollon with we[.g]_ = 'then when he sowed, some of them fell by the road.' In the following example the conjunction _thaet_ is correlative with the pronoun _thaet_:--_thaes ic [.g]e.wilni[.g]e thaet ic [=a]na ne be.l[=i]fe aefter m[=i]num l[=e]ofum the[.g]num_--'that I desire, that I may not remain alone after my dear thanes.' Sometimes a word is used to include both the demonstrative and the relative meaning:--_h[=e] [.g]e.br[=o]hte hine th[=ae]r h[=e] hine [=ae]r [.g]e.nam_ (he brought him to the place where he took him from). {53}

WORD-ORDER.

The Old English word-order resembles that of German in many respects, though it is not so strict, thus:--

The verb comes before its nominative when the sentence is headed by an adverb or adverbial group, or when the object or predicate is put at the head of the sentence:--_th[=a] cwaeth se cyning_ (then said the king); _[=ae]rest w[=ae]ron b[=u]end thisses landes Brettas_ (at first the Britons were the inhabitants of this country); _on his dagum c[=o]mon [=ae]rest thr[=e]o s[.c]ipu_ (in his days three ships first came); _thaet b[=ae]ron olfendas_ (camels carried it); _m[=ae]re is se God the Dani[=e]l on be.l[=i]efth_ (great is the God that Daniel believes in).

The infinite often comes at the end of the sentence; _w[=e] magon [=e]ow r[=ae]d [.g]e.l[=ae]ran_ (we can teach you a plan).

The finite verb often comes at the end in dependent sentences, an auxiliary verb often coming after an infinitive or participle; _thaet w[=ae]ron th[=a] [=ae]restan s[.c]ipu D[e,]niscra manna the Angel-cynnes land [.g]e.s[=o]hton_ (those were the first ships of Danish men which came to the land of the English race); _thaet m[=ae]ste wael the w[=e] s[e,][.c][.g]an h[=i]erdon oth thisne andweardan dae[.g]_ (the greatest slaughter that we have heard tell of up to this present day); _thaet h[=i]e thone Godes mann [=a].bitan scolden_ (in order that they should devour the man of God).

There is a tendency to put the verb at the end in principal sentences also, or, at least, to bring it near the end: _hiene man of.sl[=o]g_ (they killed him); _h[=i]e th[=ae]r si[.g]e n[=a]mon_ (they got the victory there).

* * * * *

{54}

GENERAL TABLE OF ENDINGS.

NOUNS. STRONG. WEAK. _M._ _N._ _F._ _M._ _N._ _F._ _Sg. N._ -- -- -(u) -a -e -e _A._ -- -- -(e) -an -e -an _D._ -e -e -e -an -an -an _G._ -es -es -e -an -an -an \______ ______/ \/ _Pl. N._ -as -(u) -a -an _D._ -um -um -um -um _G._ -a -a -(en)a -ena

ADJECTIVES. _Sg. N._ -- -- -(u) -a -e -e _A._ -ne -- -(e) -an -e -an _D._ -um -um -re -an -an -an _G._ -es -es -re -an -an -an _I._ -e -e (-re) (-an -an -an) _Pl. N._ -e -(u) -e \______ ______/ \______ ______/ \/ \/ -an _D._ -um -um _G._ -ra -ra

VERBS. PRESENT. PRETERITE. _Indic._ _Subj._ _Indic._ _Subj._ _Sg._ 1. -e; -i[.g]e -(i[.g])e - ; -de -e; -de 2. -(e)st; -ast -(i[.g])e -e; -dest -e; -de 3. -(e)th; -ath -(i[.g])e - ; -de -e; -de _Pl._ -ath; -iath -(i)en -on; -don -en; -den _Imper. sg._ -(a); _pl._ -(i)ath. _Infin._ -(i)an. _Partic. pres._ -(i)ende; _pret._ -en, -ed, -od. _Ger._ (i)enne.

* * * * *

{55}

TEXTS.

I.

SENTENCES.

[=A]n on-[.g]inn is ealra thinga, thaet is God ael-mihti[.g]. Se [.g]e.l[=e]afa the bith b[=u]tan g[=o]dum weorcum, s[=e] is d[=e]ad; this sind th[=a]ra apostola word. Ic eom g[=o]d hierde: se g[=o]da hierde s[e,]lth his [=a]gen l[=i]f for his s[.c][=e]apum. [=U]re [=A].l[=i]esend is se g[=o]da hierde, and w[=e] cr[=i]stene m[e,]nn sind his s[.c]eap. Se m[=o]na his 5 leoht ne s[e,]lth, and steorran of heofone feallath. Sw[=a] sw[=a] waeter [=a].dw[=ae]s[.c]th f[=y]r, sw[=a] [=a].dw[=ae]s[.c]th s[=e]o aelmesse synna.

Ealle [.g]e.s[.c]eafta, heofonas and [e,]n[.g]las, sunnan and m[=o]nan, steorran and eorthan, eall n[=i]etenu and ealle fuglas, s[=ae] and ealle fiscas God [.g]e.sc[=o]p and [.g]e.worhte on siex dagum; and 10 on th[=ae]m seofothan dae[.g]e h[=e] [.g]e.[e,]ndode his weorc; and h[=e] be.h[=e]old th[=a] eall his weorc the h[=e] [.g]e.worhte, and h[=i]e w[=ae]ron eall sw[=i]the g[=o]d. H[=e] f[=e]rde [.g]eond manigu land, bodiende Godes [.g]e.l[=e]afan. H[=e] for.l[=e]t eall woruld-thing. Se cyning be.b[=e]ad thaet man scolde ofer eall Angel-cynn s[.c]ipu wyr[.c]an; 15 and hiera waes sw[=a] fela sw[=a] n[=ae]fre [=ae]r ne waes on n[=a]nes cyninges dae[.g]e. Se cyning h[=e]t of.sl[=e]an ealle th[=a] D[e,]niscan m[e,]nn the on Angel-cynne w[=ae]ron.

Th[=a] ne mihton h[=i]e him n[=a]n word and-swarian, ne n[=a]n mann ne dorste hine n[=a]n thing m[=a]re [=a]scian. H[=i]e fuhton 20 {56} on th[=a] burg ealne dae[.g], and th[=o]hton thaet h[=i]e h[=i]e scolden [=a].brecan. Se eorl [.g]e.w[e,]nde west t[=o] [=I]r-lande, and waes th[=ae]r ealne thone winter. Aethelred cyning and Aelfred his br[=o]thor fuhton with ealne thone h[e,]re on Aesces-d[=u]ne.

Se mann is [=e][.c]e on [=a]num d[=ae]le, thaet is, on th[=ae]re s[=a]wle; 25 h[=e]o ne [.g]e.[e,]ndath n[=ae]fre. [.G]if se biscop d[=e]th be his [=a]gnum willan, and wile bindan thone un-scyldigan, and thone scyldigan [=a].l[=i]esan, thonne for.l[=i]est h[=e] th[=a] miht the him God for.[.g]eaf. Th[=e]od winth on.[.g][=e]an th[=e]ode, and r[=i][.c]e on.[.g][=e]an r[=i][.c]e. Ealle m[e,]nn [=e]ow hatiath for m[=i]num naman. H[=e] [.g]e.worhte 30 fela wundra binnan th[=ae]m fierste the h[=e] biscop waes. H[=e] [.g]e.h[=ae]lde sum w[=i]f mid h[=a]lgum waetre. Se cyning wearth of.slae[.g]en fram his [=a]gnum folce. On th[=ae]m ilcan [.g][=e]are waes se mi[.c]la hungor [.g]eond Angel-cynn. Se maesse-pr[=e]ost [=a]scath thaet [.c]ild, and cwithth: 'With.saecst th[=u] d[=e]ofle?' Thonne andwyrt 35 se god-faeder, and cwithth: 'Ic with.sace d[=e]ofle.' God aelmihtiga, [.g]e.miltsa m[=e] synn-fullum! Aethelred cyning c[=o]m h[=a]m t[=o] his [=a]genre th[=e]ode, and h[=e] glaedl[=i]ce fram him eallum on.fangen wearth.

Cr[=i]st, [=u]re Dryhten, be.b[=e]ad his leornung-cnihtum thaet 40 h[=i]e scolden t[=ae][.c]an eallum th[=e]odum th[=a] thing th[=a] h[=e] self him t[=ae]hte. [.G]if [.g][=e] for.[.g]iefath mannum hiera synna, thonne for.giefth [=e]ower se heofonlica Faeder [=e]owre synna. Ne mae[.g] n[=a]n mann tw[=ae]m hl[=a]fordum th[=e]owian: oththe h[=e] [=a]nne hatath and [=o]therne lufath, oththe h[=e] bith [=a]num [.g]e.h[=i]ersum and [=o]thrum un[.g]eh[=i]ersum. 45

Se cyning nam thaes eorles sunu mid him t[=o] [E,]n[.g]la-lande. M[e,]nn be.h[=o]fiath g[=o]dre l[=a]re on thissum t[=i]man, the is [.g]e.[e,]ndung thisse worulde. Se l[=i]chama, the is th[=ae]re s[=a]wle r[=e]af, andb[=i]dath thaes mi[.c]lan d[=o]mes; and th[=e]ah h[=e] b[=e]o t[=o] d[=u]ste for.molsnod, 50 {57} God hine [=a].r[=ae]rth, and [.g]e.bringth t[=o].gaedre s[=a]wle and l[=i]chaman t[=o] th[=ae]m [=e][.c]an l[=i]fe. Hwelc faeder wile s[e,]llan his [.c]ilde st[=a]n, [.g]if hit hine hl[=a]fes bitt? [=A].[.g]iefath th[=ae]m c[=a]sere th[=a] thing the thaes c[=a]seres sind, and Gode th[=a] thing the Godes sind. S[=e]o s[=a]wol and-b[=i]dath thaes [=e][.c]an [=ae]ristes. 55

H[=e] waes cyning ofer eall [E,]n[.g]la-land tw[e,]nti[.g] wintra. God aelmihti[.g] is ealra cyninga cyning, and ealra hl[=a]forda hl[=a]ford. D[=e]ofol is ealra un-riht-w[=i]sra manna h[=e]afod, and th[=a] yflan m[e,]nn sind his limu. Synnfulra manna d[=e]ath is yfel and earmlic, for th[=ae]m the h[=i]e farath of thissum scortan l[=i]fe t[=o] [=e][.c]um 60 w[=i]tum. H[=u] fela hl[=a]fa haebbe [.g][=e]? Seofon, and f[=e]a fisca. Ne [.g]e.wilna th[=u] [=o]thres mannes [=ae]hta!

On th[=ae]m landum eardodon [E,]n[.g]le, [=ae]r th[=ae]m the h[=i]e hider on land c[=o]mon. H[=i]e fuhton on th[=a] burg ealne dae[.g], ac h[=i]e ne mihton h[=i]e [=a].brecan. Th[=a] [=e]odon h[=i]e t[=o] hiera s[.c]ipum. Th[=ae]r 65 b[=e]oth sw[=i]the mani[.g]e byri[.g] on th[=ae]m lande, and on [=ae]lcre byri[.g] bith cyning.

God cwaeth t[=o] No[=e]: 'Ic wile for.d[=o]n eall mann-cynn mid waetre for hiera synnum, ac ic wile [.g]e.healdan th[=e], and th[=i]n w[=i]f, and th[=i]ne thr[=i]e suna.' [=A]n mann haefde tw[=e][.g]en suna; th[=a] 70 cwaeth h[=e] t[=o] th[=ae]m ieldran: 'g[=a] and wyr[.c] t[=o].dae[.g] on m[=i]num w[=i]n-[.g]earde.' Th[=a] cwaeth h[=e]: 'ic nyle:' [=e]ode th[=e]ah siththan t[=o] th[=ae]m w[=i]n[.g]earde. H[=e] dyde his faeder willan. Se pr[=e]ost cwaeth t[=o] th[=ae]m folce: 'Ic [=e]ow bl[=e]tsi[.g]e on naman thaes Faeder, thaes Suna, and thaes H[=a]lgan G[=a]stes.' [=A]ra th[=i]num faeder and 75 th[=i]nre m[=e]der! Sum w[=i]f c[=o]m t[=o] Cr[=i]ste, and baed for hiere dehter. S[=e]o dohtor wearth [.g]e.h[=ae]led thurh [.g]e.l[=e]afan th[=ae]re m[=o]dor.

B[=e]oth [.g]e.myndi[.g]e th[=a]ra tw[=e][.g]ra worda the Dryhten cwaeth on {58} his god-spelle! H[=e] cwaeth: 'For.[.g]iefath, and [=e]ow bith for.[.g]iefen; 80 s[e,]llath, and [=e]ow bith [.g]e.seald.'

Tw[=e][.g]en m[e,]nn [=e]odon int[=o] Godes temple h[=i]e t[=o] [.g]e.biddenne. Aelfred cyning f[=o]r mid thrim s[.c]ipum [=u]t on s[=ae], and [.g]e.feaht with f[=e]ower s[.c]ip-hlaestas D[e,]niscra manna, and th[=a]ra s[.c]ipa tw[=a] [.g]e.nam, and th[=a] m[e,]nn of.slae[.g]ene w[=ae]ron the 85 th[=ae]r-on w[=ae]ron. Th[=a] c[=o]mon thr[=e]o s[.c]ipu. Th[=a] [.g]e.f[=e]ngon h[=i]e th[=a]ra thr[=e]ora s[.c]ipa tw[=a], and th-a m[e,]nn of.sl[=o]gon, ealle b[=u]tan f[=i]fum. Se w[=i]tega [=a].wr[=a]t be th[=ae]m f[=e]ower n[=i]etenum the him aet.[=i]ewdu w[=ae]ron, thaet h[=i]e haefden [=e]agan him on [=ae]lce healfe. [=A]n th[=a]ra n[=i]etena waes on m[e,]nniscre ons[=i]ene him aet.[=i]ewed, 90 [=o]ther on l[=e]on ons[=i]ene, thridde on [.c]ealfes, f[=e]orthe on earnes.

God thone [=ae]restan mann rihtne and g[=o]dne [.g]e.sc[=o]p, and eall mann-cynn mid him. Aelfred Aethelwulfing waes cyning ofer eall Angel-cynn b[=u]tan th[=ae]m d[=ae]le the under D[e,]na onwealde waes. [=Ae]lc g[=o]d tr[=e]ow bierth g[=o]de waestmas, and [=ae]lc 95 yfel tr[=e]ow bierth yfle waestmas; ne mae[.g] thaet g[=o]de tr[=e]ow beran yfle waestmas, ne thaet yfle tr[=e]ow g[=o]de waestmas. [=E]adigu sind [=e]owru [=e]agan, for th[=ae]m the h[=i]e [.g]e.s[=e]oth, and [=e]owru [=e]aran, for th[=ae]m the h[=i]e [.g]e.h[=i]erath. Sw[=a] hw[=a] sw[=a] s[e,]lth [=a]num thurstigum m[e,]nn [.c]eald waeter on m[=i]num naman, ne 100 for.l[=i]est h[=e] his m[=e]de. Ne fare [.g][=e] on h[=ae]thenra manna we[.g]e! G[=o]d mann of g[=o]dum gold-horde bringth g[=o]d forth; and yfel mann of yflum goldhorde bringth yfel forth.

Greg[=o]rius se h[=a]lga p[=a]pa is rihtl[=i]ce [.g]e.cweden [E,]n[.g]liscre th[=e]ode apostol. Th[=a] h[=e] [.g]e.seah thaet se m[=ae]sta d[=ae]l th[=ae]re th[=e]ode 105 his l[=a]re for.s[=a]won, th[=a] for.l[=e]t h[=e] h[=i]e, and [.g]e.[.c][=e]as th[=a] h[=ae]thnan l[=e]ode. [.G]if se blinda blindne l[=ae]tt, h[=i]e feallath b[=e][.g]en on [=a]nne pytt. Se H[=a]lga G[=a]st is lufu and willa thaes Faeder and thaes Suna; and h[=i]e sind ealle [.g]e.l[=i]ce mihti[.g]e. B[e,]tere is s[=e]o s[=a]wol thonne se m[e,]te, and b[e,]tera se l[=i]chama thonne his scr[=u]d. 110 {59} S[=e]o s[=a]wol is g[=a]st, and be eorthlicum m[e,]ttum ne leofath. Be.healdath th[=a]s fl[=e]ogendan fuglas, the ne s[=a]wath ne ne r[=i]path, ac se heofonlica Faeder h[=i]e [=a].f[=e]tt. H[=e] cwaeth, 'Ic neom [=o]thrum mannum [.g]e.l[=i]c;' swelce h[=e] cw[=ae]de, 'Ic [=a]na eom rihtw[=i]s, and th[=a] [=o]thre sind synn-fulle.' 115

Th[=a] se H[=ae]lend thanon f[=o]r, th[=a] folgodon him tw[=e][.g]en blinde, cwethende: '[.G]e.miltsa unc, Dav[=i]des sunu!' H[=e] cwaeth t[=o] him: '[.G]e.l[=i]efe [.g]it thaet ic inc mae[.g]e [.g]e.haelan?' H[=e] cwaeth: 'S[=i]e inc aefter incrum [.g]e.l[=e]afan.' Aethelst[=a]n cyning f[=o]r inn on Scot-land, [=ae][.g]ther [.g]e mid land-h[e,]re [.g]e mid s[.c]ip-h[e,]re, 120 and his mi[.c]el ofer.h[e,]rgode. Se mann the God for.[.g]iett, God for.[.g]iett [=e]ac hine. Farath, and l[=ae]rath ealle th[=e]oda! L[=ae]rath h[=i]e thaet h[=i]e healden eall th[=a] thing the ic [=e]ow be.b[=e]ad! Sume m[e,]nn sae[.g]don be him thaet h[=e] w[=ae]re Aelfredes sunu cyninges. Se H[=ae]lend [=a]scode his leornung-cnihtas, 'Hwone s[e,][.c][.g]ath 125 m[e,]nn thaet s[=i]e mannes Sunu?' Hwaet s[e,][.c][.g]e [.g][=e] thaet ic s[=i]e? Th[=u] eart thaes libbendan Godes sunu. Cr[=i]st cwaeth be his Faeder: '[.G][=e] s[e,][.c][.g]ath thaet h[=e] [=e]ower God s[=i]e, and [.g][=e] hine ne on.cn[=e]owon.' [.G]if h[=i]e thone h[=a]lgan Faeder on.cn[=e]owen, thonne under.f[=e]ngen h[=i]e mid [.g]e.l[=e]afan his Sunu, the h[=e] [=a].s[e,]nde 130 t[=o] middan-[.g]earde. Se we[.g] is sw[=i]the nearu and sticol s[=e] the l[=ae]tt t[=o] heofona r[=i][.c]e; and se we[.g] is sw[=i]the br[=a]d and sm[=e]the s[=e] the l[=ae]tt t[=o] h[e,]lle w[)i]te. Dysi[.g] bith se we[.g]-f[=e]renda mann s[=e] the nimth thone sm[=e]than we[.g] the h[=i]ne mis-l[=ae]tt, and for.l[=ae]tt thone sticolan the hine [.g]e.bringth t[=o] th[=ae]re byri[.g]. Thaet 135 ic [=e]ow s[e,][.c][.g]e on th[=e]ostrum, s[e,][.c][.g]ath hit on leohte; and thaet [.g][=e] on [=e]are [.g]e.h[=i]erath, bodiath uppan hr[=o]fum. H[=i]e scufon [=u]t hiera s[.c]ipu, and [.g]e.w[e,]ndon him be.[.g]eondan s[=ae].

Healdath and d[=o]th sw[=a] hwaet sw[=a] h[=i]e s[e,][.c][.g]ath; and ne d[=o] [.g][=e] n[=a], aefter hiera weorcum: h[=i]e s[e,][.c][.g]ath, and ne d[=o]th. Eall 140 hiera weorc h[=i]e d[=o]th thaet m[e,]nn h[=i]e [.g]e.s[=e]on. H[=i]e lufiath thaet {60} man h[=i]e gr[=e]te on str[=ae]tum. [=E]al[=a] [.g][=e] n[=ae]ddran and n[=ae]ddrena cynn, h[=u] fl[=e]o [.g][=e] fram h[e,]lle d[=o]me?

W[=e] sind ealle cuman on thissum and-weardan l[=i]fe, and [=u]re eard nis n[=a] h[=e]r; ac w[=e] sind h[=e]r swelce we[.g]-f[=e]rende 145 m[e,]nn: [=a]n cymth, [=o]ther faerth. Hwelc mann s[e,]lth his bearne n[=ae]ddran, [.g]if hit fisces bitt? [=Ae]lc th[=a]ra the bitt, h[=e] on.f[=e]hth; and s[=e] the s[=e][.c]th, h[=e] hit fint. Ne g[=ae]th [=ae]lc th[=a]ra on heofona r[=i][.c]e the cwithth t[=o] m[=e], 'Dryhten, Dryhten;' ac s[=e] the wyr[.c]th m[=i]nes Faeder willan the on heofonum is, s[=e] g[=ae]th on heofona 150 r[=i][.c]e. Nis hit n[=a] g[=o]d th[=ae]t man nime bearna hl[=a]f and hundum weorpe. Ic haebbe the[.g]nas under m[=e]: and ic cwethe t[=o] thissum, 'g[=a],' and h[=e] g[=ae]th; and t[=o] [=o]thrum, 'cum,' and h[=e] cymth, and t[=o] m[=i]num th[=e]owe, 'wyr[.c] this,' and h[=e] wyr[.c]th.

Se H[=ae]lend [.g]e.nam th[=a] f[=i]f hl[=a]fas, and bl[=e]tsode, and t[=o].braec, 155 and t[=o].d[=ae]lde be.twix th[=ae]m sittendum; sw[=a] [.g]e.l[=i]ce [=e]ac th[=a] fiscas t[=o].d[=ae]lde; and h[=i]e ealle [.g]e.n[=o]g haefdon. Th[=a] the th[=ae]r [=ae]ton w[=ae]ron f[=e]ower th[=u]send manna, b[=u]tan [.c]ildum and w[=i]fum. H[=i]e c[=o]mon t[=o] him, and t[=o] him [.g]eb[=ae]don, and thus cw[=ae]don: 'S[=o]thl[=i]ce th[=u] eart Godes sunu.' Ne w[=e]ne [.g][=e] thaet 160 ic c[=o]me sibbe on eorthan to s[e,]ndenne: ne c[=o]m ic sibbe t[=o] s[e,]ndenne, ac sweord. H[=e] be.b[=e]ad thaet h[=i]e s[=ae]ten ofer th[=ae]re eorthan. H[=e] sae[.g]de thaet North-manna land w[=ae]re sw[=i]the lang and sw[=i]the smael.

H[=i]e ealle on thone cyning w[=ae]ron feohtende, oth thaet h[=i]e 165 hine ofslae[.g]enne haefdon. [=Ae]lc mann the [=o]thre m[e,]nn for.sihth bith fram Gode for.sewen. S[=e] the [=e]aran haebbe t[=o] [.g]e.hi[=e]renne, [.g]e.h[=i]ere. G[=o]d is [=u]s h[=e]r t[=o] b[=e]onne.

God cwaeth t[=o] [=a]num w[=i]tegan, s[=e] waes Ionas [.g]e.h[=a]ten: 'Far t[=o] th[=ae]re byri[.g], and boda th[=ae]r th[=a] word the ic th[=e] s[e,][.c][.g]e.' 170 {61} Lufiath [=e]owre f[=i]end, and d[=o]th wel th[=ae]m the [=e]ow yfel d[=o]th. Lufa Dryhten th[=i]nne God on ealre th[=i]nre heortan, and on ealre th[=i]nre sawle, and on eallum th[=i]num m[=o]de. S[=e] the ne lufath his br[=o]thor, thone the h[=e] [.g]e.sihth, h[=u] mae[.g] h[=e] lufian God, thone the h[=e] ne [.g]e.sihth l[=i]cham-l[=i]ce? S[e,][.g]e [=u]s hwonne th[=a]s 175 thing [.g]e.weorthen, and hwelc t[=a]cen s[=i]e th[=i]nes t[=o]-cymes and worulde [.g]e.[e,]ndunge.

Se H[=ae]lend cwaeth t[=o] [=a]num his leornung-cnihta, s[=e] waes h[=a]ten Philippus: 'Mid hw[=ae]m magon w[=e] by[.c][.g]an hl[=a]f thissum folce?' Wel wiste Cr[=i]st hwaet h[=e] d[=o]n wolde, and h[=e] wiste 180 thaet Philippus thaet nyste. God mae[.g] d[=o]n eall thing; w[=e] sculon wundrian his mihte, and [=e]ac [.g]e.l[=i]efan. Cr[=i]st [=a].r[=ae]rde Lazarum of d[=e]athe, and cwaeth t[=o] his leornung-cnihtum: 'T[=o].l[=i]esath his b[e,]ndas, thaet h[=e] g[=a]n mae[.g]e.' God is aelmihti[.g], and mae[.g] d[=o]n eall thaet h[=e] wile. [.G][=e] nyton on hwelcre t[=i]de 185 [=e]ower hl[=a]ford cuman wile. For th[=ae]m b[=e]o [.g][=e] [.g]earwe; for th[=ae]m the mannes Sunu wile cuman on th[=ae]re t[=i]de the [.g][=e] nyton. Se H[=ae]lend cwaeth be his Faeder: 'Ic hine cann, and [.g]if ic s[e,][.c][.g]e thaet ic hine ne cunne, thonne b[=e]o ic l[=e]as, [=e]ow [.g]e.l[=i]c.'

Se d[=e]ofol cwaeth t[=o] Cr[=i]ste: '[.G]if th[=u] s[=i]e Godes sunu, cweth 190 t[=o] thissum st[=a]num thaet h[=i]e b[=e]on [=a].w[e,]nde t[=o] hl[=a]fum.' Th[=a] and-wyrde se H[=ae]lend, and cwaeth: 'Hit is [=a].writen, "ne leofath se mann n[=a] be hl[=a]fe [=a]num, ac leofath be eallum th[=ae]m wordum the g[=a]th of Godes m[=u]the."' Se H[=ae]lend c[=o]m t[=o] him, th[=ae]r h[=i]e w[=ae]ron [.g]e.gadrode, and cwaeth: 'S[=i]e sibb be.twix 195 [=e]ow; ic hit eom; ne b[=e]o [.g][=e] n[=a] [=a].fyrhte.' Faeder [=u]re, th[=u] the eart on heofonum, s[=i]e th[=i]n nama [.g]e.h[=a]lgod. W[=e] syngodon, w[=e] dydon un-rihtl[=i]ce; s[e,]le [=u]s for.[.g]iefnesse: hwaet sculon w[=e] d[=o]n?

{62}

II.

FROM THE GOSPEL OF ST. MATTHEW.

VII. 24-7.

[=Ae]lc th[=a]ra the th[=a]s m[=i]n word [.g]e.h[=i]erth, and th[=a] wyr[.c]th, bith [.g]e.l[=i]c th[=ae]m w[=i]san were, s[=e] his h[=u]s ofer st[=a]n [.g]et.imbrode. Th[=a] c[=o]m th[=ae]r re[.g]en and mi[.c]el fl[=o]d, and th[=ae]r bl[=e]owon windas, and [=a].hruron on thaet h[=u]s, and hit n[=a] ne f[=e]oll: s[=o]thl[=i]ce hit waes ofer st[=a]n [.g]e.timbrod. 5

And [=ae]lc th[=a]ra the [.g]e.h[=i]erth th[=a]s m[=i]n word, and th[=a] ne wyr[.c]th, s[=e] bith [.g]e.l[=i]c th[=ae]m dysigan m[e,]nn, the [.g]e.timbrode his h[=u]s ofer sand-[.c]eosol. Th[=a] r[=i]nde hit, and th[=ae]r c[=o]m fl[=o]d, and bl[=e]owon windas, and [=a].hruron on th[=ae]t h[=u]s, and thaet h[=u]s f[=e]oll; and his hryre waes mi[.c]el. 10

XII. 18-21.

H[=e]r is m[=i]n cnapa, thone ic [.g]e.[.c][=e]as; m[=i]n [.g]e.corena, on th[=ae]m wel [.g]e.l[=i]code m[=i]nre s[=a]wle: ic [=a].s[e,]tte m[=i]nne g[=a]st ofer hine, and d[=o]m h[=e] bodath th[=e]odum. Ne fl[=i]tt h[=e], ne h[=e] ne hriemth, ne n[=a]n mann ne [.g]e.h[=i]erth his stefne on str[=ae]tum. T[=o].cw[=i]esed hr[=e]od h[=e] ne for.br[=i]ett, and sm[=e]ocende fleax h[=e] ne [=a].dw[=ae]scth, 15 [=ae]r th[=ae]m the h[=e] [=a].weorpe d[=o]m t[=o] si[.g]e. And on his naman th[=e]oda [.g]e.hyhtath.

XIII. 3-8.