Chapter 11
WORK AS A MAN OF LETTERS
Marvell's work as a man of letters easily divides itself into the inevitable three parts. _First_, as a poet properly so called; _Second_, as a political satirist using rhyme; and _Third_, as a writer of prose.
Upon Marvell's work as a poet properly so called that curious, floating, ever-changing population to whom it is convenient to refer as "the reading public," had no opportunity of forming any real opinion until after the poet's death, namely, when the small folio of 1681 made its appearance. This volume, although not containing the _Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland_ or the lines upon Cromwell's death, did contain, saving these exceptions, all the best of Marvell's verse.
How this poetry was received, to whom and to how many it gave pleasure, we have not the means of knowing. The book, like all other good books, had to take its chance. Good poetry is never exactly unpopular--its difficulty is to get a hearing, to secure a _vogue_. I feel certain that from 1681 onwards many ingenuous souls read _Eyes and Tears_, _The Bermudas_, _The Nymph complaining for the Death of her Fawn_, _To his Coy Mistress_, _Young Love_, and _The Garden_ with pure delight. In 1699 the poet Pomfret, of whose _Choice_ Dr. Johnson said in 1780, "perhaps no composition in our language has been oftener perused," and who Southey in 1807 declared to be "the most popular of English poets"; in 1699, I say, this poet Pomfret says in a preface, sensibly enough, "to please everyone would be a New Thing, and to write so as to please no Body would be as New, for even Quarles and Wythers (_sic_) have their Admirers." So liable is the public taste to fluctuations and reversals, that to-day, though Quarles and Wither are not popular authors, they certainly number many more readers than Pomfret, Southey's "most popular of English poets," who has now, it is to be feared, finally disappeared even from the Anthologies. But if Quarles and Wither had their admirers even in 1699, the poet Marvell, we may be sure, had his also.
Marvell had many poetical contemporaries--five-and-twenty at least--poets of mark and interest, to most of whom, as well as to some of his immediate predecessors, he stood, as I must suppose, in some degree of poetical relationship. With Milton and Dryden no comparison will suggest itself, but with Donne and Cowley, with Waller and Denham, with Butler and the now wellnigh forgotten Cleveland, with Walker and Charles Cotton, with Rochester and Dorset, some resemblances, certain influences, may be found and traced. From the order of his mind and his prose style, I should judge Marvell to have been both a reader and a critic of his contemporaries in verse and prose--though of his criticisms little remains. Of Butler he twice speaks with great respect, and his sole reference to the dead Cleveland is kindly. Of Milton we know what he thought, whilst Aubrey tells us that he once heard Marvell say that the Earl of Rochester was the only man in England that had the true vein of satire.
Be these influences what they may or must have been, to us Marvell occupies, as a poet, a niche by himself. A finished master of his art he never was. He could not write verses like his friend Lovelace, or like Cowley's _Chronicle_ or Waller's lines "On a Girdle." He had not the inexhaustible, astonishing (though tiresome) wit of Butler. He is often clumsy and sometimes almost babyish. One has frequently occasion to wonder how a man of business could allow himself to be tickled by such obvious straws as are too many of the conceits which give him pleasure. To attribute all the conceits of this period to the influence of Dr. Donne is but a poor excuse after all. The worst thing that can be said against poetry is that there is so much tedium in it. The glorious moments are all too few. It is his honest recognition of this woeful fact that makes Dr. Johnson, with all his faults lying thick about him, the most consolatory of our critics to the ordinary reading man. "Tediousness is the most fatal of all faults.... Unhappily this pernicious failure is that which an author is least able to discover. We are seldom tiresome to ourselves.... Perhaps no man ever thought a line superfluous when he wrote it" (_Lives of the Poets_. Under _Prior_--see also under _Butler_).
That Marvell is never tiresome I will not assert. But he too has his glorious moments, and they are all his own. In the whole compass of our poetry there is nothing quite like Marvell's love of gardens and woods, of meads and rivers and birds. It is a love not learnt from books, not borrowed from brother-poets. It is not indulged in to prove anything. It is all sheer enjoyment.
"Bind me, ye woodbines, in your twines, Curb me about, ye gadding vines, And oh, so close your circles lace, That I may never leave this place! But, lest your fetters prove too weak, Ere I your silken bondage break, Do you, O brambles, chain me too, And, courteous briars, nail me through. ... Here at the fountain's sliding foot, Or at some fruit-tree's mossy root, Casting the body's vest aside, My soul into the boughs does glide; There, like a bird, it sits and sings."
No poet is happier than Marvell in creating the impression that he made his verses out of doors.
"He saw the partridge drum in the woods; He heard the woodcock's evening hymn; He found the tawny thrush's broods, And the shy hawk did wait for him. What others did at distance hear And guessed within the thicket's gloom Was shown to this philosopher, And at his bidding seemed to come."
(From Emerson's _Wood Notes_.)
Marvell's immediate fame as a true poet was, I dare say, obscured for a good while both by its original note (for originality is always forbidding at first sight) and by its author's fame as a satirist, and his reputation as a lover of "liberty's glorious feast." It was as one of the poets encountered in the _Poems on Affairs of State_ (fifth edition, 1703) that Marvell was best known during the greater part of the eighteenth century. As Milton's friend Marvell had, as it were, a side-chapel in the great Miltonic temple. The patriotic member of Parliament, who refused in his poverty the Lord-Treasurer Danby's proffered bribe, became a character in history before the exquisite quality of his garden-poetry was recognised. There was a cult for Liberty in the middle of the eighteenth century, and Marvell's name was on the list of its professors. Wordsworth's sonnet has preserved this tradition for us.
"Great men have been among us; hands that penn'd And tongues that utter'd wisdom, better none: The later Sydney, Marvell, Harrington."
In 1726 Thomas Cooke printed an edition of Marvell's works which contains the poetry that was in the folio of 1681, and in 1772 Cooke's edition was reprinted by T. Davies. It was probably Davies's edition that Charles Lamb, writing to Godwin on Sunday, 14th December 1800, says he "was just going to possess": a notable addition to Lamb's library, and an event in the history of the progress of Marvell's poetical reputation. Captain Thompson's edition, containing the _Horatian Ode_ and other pieces, followed in 1776. In the great Poetical Collection of the Booksellers (1779-1781) which they improperly[229:1] called "Johnson's _Poets_" (improperly, because the poets were, with four exceptions, the choice not of the biographer but of the booksellers, anxious to retain their imaginary copyright), Marvell has no place. Mr. George Ellis, in his _Specimens_ of the early English poets first published in 1803, printed from Marvell _Daphne and Chloe_ (in part) and _Young Love_. When Mr. Bowles, that once famous sonneteer, edited Pope in 1806, he, by way of belittling Pope, quoted two lines from Marvell, now well known, but unfamiliar in 1806:--
"And through the hazels thick espy The hatching throstle's shining eye."
He remarked upon them, "the last circumstance is new, highly poetical, and could only have been described by one who was a real lover of nature and a witness of her beauties in her most solitary retirement." On this Mark Pattison makes the comment that the lines only prove that Marvell when a boy went bird-nesting (_Essays_, vol. ii. p. 374), a pursuit denied to Pope by his manifold infirmities. The poet Campbell, in his _Specimens_ (1819), gave an excellent sketch of Marvell's life, and selected _The Bermudas_, _The Nymph and Fawn_, and _Young Love_. Then came, fresh from talk with Charles Lamb, Hazlitt, with his _Select Poets_ (1825), which contains the _Horatian Ode_, _Bermudas_, _To his Coy Mistress_, _The Nymph and Fawn_, _A Drop of Dew_, _The Garden_, _The Gallery_, _Upon the Hill and Grove at Billborow_. In this choice we may see the hand of Charles Lamb, as Tennyson's may be noticed in the selection made in Palgrave's _Golden Treasury_ (1863). Dean Trench in his _Household Book of English Poetry_ (1869) gives _Eyes and Tears_, the _Horatian Ode_, and _A Drop of Dew_. In Mr. Ward's _English Poets_ (1880) Marvell is represented by _The Garden_, _A Drop of Dew_, _The Bermudas_, _Young Love_, the _Horatian Ode_, and the _Lines on Paradise Lost_. Thanks to these later Anthologies and to the quotations from _The Garden_ and _Upon Appleton House_ in the _Essays of Elia_, Marvell's fame as a true poet has of recent years become widespread, and is now, whatever vicissitudes it may have endured, well established.
As a satirist in rhyme Marvell has shared the usual and not undeserved fate of almost all satirists of their age and fellow-men. The authors of lines written in heat to give expression to the anger of the hour may well be content if their effusions give the pain or teach the lesson they were intended to give or teach. If you lash the age, you do so presumably for the benefit of the age. It is very hard to transmit even a fierce and genuine indignation from one age to another. Marvell's satires were too hastily composed, too roughly constructed, too redolent of the occasion, to enter into the kingdom of poetry. To the careful and character-loving reader of history, particularly if he chance to have a feeling for the House of Commons, not merely as an institution, but as a place of resort, Marvell's satirical poems must always be intensely interesting. They strike me as honest in their main intention, and never very wide of the mark. Hallam says, in his lofty way, "We read with nothing but disgust the satirical poetry of Cleveland, Butler, Oldham, Marvell," and he adds, "Marvell's satires are gross and stupid."[231:1] Gross they certainly occasionally are, but stupid they never are. Marvell was far too well-informed a politician and too shrewd a man ever to be stupid.
As a satirist Marvell had, if he wanted them, many models of style, but he really needed none, for he just wrote down in rough-and-ready rhyme whatever his head or his spleen suggested to his fancy. Every now and again there is a noble outburst of feeling, and a couplet of great felicity. I confess to taking great pleasure in Marvell's satires.
As a prose writer Marvell has many merits and one great fault. He has fire and fancy and was the owner and master of a precise vocabulary well fitted to clothe and set forth a well-reasoned and lofty argument. He knew how to be both terse and diffuse, and can compress himself into a line or expand over a paragraph. He has touches of a grave irony as well as of a boisterous humour. He can tell an anecdote and elaborate a parable. Swift, we know, had not only Butler's _Hudibras_ by heart, but was also (we may be sure) a close student of Marvell's prose. His great fault is a very common one. He is too long. He forgets how quickly a reader grows tired. He is so interested in the evolutions of his own mind that he forgets his audience. His interest at times seems as if it were going to prove endless. It is the first business of an author to arrest and then to retain the attention of the reader. To do this requires great artifice.
Among the masters of English prose it would be rash to rank Marvell, who was neither a Hooker nor a Taylor. None the less he was the owner of a prose style which some people think the best prose style of all--that of honest men who have something to say.
FOOTNOTES:
[229:1] "Indecently" is the doctor's own expression.
[231:1] See Hallam's _History of Literature_, vol. iv. pp. 433, 439.
INDEX
A
"_Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government in England_," 180-1, 187; quoted, 188.
Act of Uniformity, 143, 184.
Addison, 65.
Aitken, Mr., 47.
Amersham, 145.
Amsterdam, 59, 197.
Angier, Lord, 196.
_Appleton House_, 66.
Arlington, 185, 186.
_Ars Poetica_, 47.
Ashley, Lord, 120, 150, 185.
_Athenae Oxonienses_, 10.
Aubrey, 222.
Austin, John, 159.
_Autobiography_ (Clarendon), 136.
_Autobiography of Matthew Robinson_, 11 _n._
Axtell, Lieut.-Colonel, 28, 29.
B
_Baker's Chronicle_, 80.
Baker, Thomas, 24.
Bampfield, Thomas, 80.
Banda Islands, 127.
Barbadoes, 58.
Barnard, Edward, 95.
Barron, Richard, 64.
Baxter, Richard, 52, 93, 179.
Bedford, 162.
Bench Books of Hull, 223.
Bennet, Sir John, 195.
Berkeley, Charles, 115.
Berkenhead, Sir John, 191.
_Bermudas, The_, 66, 225, 230.
Besant, Sir Walter, 118 _n._
Bill for "the Rebuilding of London," 123, 124, 125, 126 _n._; amended, 148.
Bill of Conventicles, 142, 146, 147, 148.
Bill of Subsidy, 193.
Bill of Test, 205.
Bill of Uniformity, 101.
"_Bind me, ye woodbines_," 227.
Blackheath, 188.
Blake, Admiral, 59, 69, 71, 75.
Blaydes, James, 6.
---- Joseph, 6.
_Blenheim_ (Addison), 70.
Blood, Colonel, 196.
Bodleian Library, 31, 116.
Boulter, Robert, 223.
Bowles, 229.
Bowyer, 64.
Boyle, Richard, 115.
Bradshaw, John, Lord-President of the Council, 28, 48, 52, 94, 95.
Braganza, Catherine of, 33.
_Bramhall Preface_, 162.
Breda, 88; Declaration, 102, 127, 136.
"_Britannia and Raleigh_," 216 _seq._
Brunswick, Duke of, 196.
Buckingham, Duke of, 150, 185, 196, 205, 206.
Bucknoll, Sir William, 195.
Bunyan, 162.
Burnet, Bishop, 3, 163.
Butler, 62 _n._, 154, 226.
C
"Cabal," 184.
Cadsand, 186.
Calamy, Edmund, 93, 94.
Cambridge, 48, 175.
Canary Islands, 70.
Canterbury, Prerogative Court of, 222.
Capel, 172.
Carey, Henry, 126 _n._
Carlisle, Lady, 113.
---- Lord, 101, 108, 113.
Carteret, Sir George (Treasurer of Navy), 120, 141, 143.
Castlemaine, Lady, 134.
_Character of Holland, The_, 60.
Charles I., 29, 167.
Charles II., 76, 80, 81, 90, 93, 95, 127, 182, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 195, 196, 203, 205, 206, 214, 222.
Chateaubriand, 24.
Chatham, 128.
Cherry Burton, 6.
_Choice_ (Pomfret), 225.
_Chronicle_ (Cowley), 227.
Chute, Chaloner, 80.
Civil War, 23, 219.
Clare, Lord, 193, 195.
Clarendon, Earl of, 28, 52, 77, 82; _History_, 88, 114, 120; _Life_, 129, 134, 135, 136, 138, 148 _n._
Cleveland, Duke of, 226.
---- Duchess of, 196.
Clifford, 154, 185, 186.
Clifford's Inn, 125.
Cole, William, 5.
_Collection of Poems on Affairs of State_, 35.
_Complete Works in Verse and Prose of Andrew Marvell, M.P., The_, 8.
Conventicle Act, 144.
Convention Parliament, 87, 91, 95.
Cooke, Thomas, 229.
Cooper, 219.
Copenhagen, 113.
Cosin, Dr., Bishop of Durham, 94, 148.
Cotton, Charles, 226.
Council of Trent, 178.
Court of Chancery, 125.
Coventry, Sir John, 191.
Cowley, 226.
Crew, Bishop of Durham, 202.
_Critic_ (Sheridan), 154.
Cromwell, Oliver, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 59, 60, 63, 64, 68, 73, 75, 77, 89, 92, 93, 94, 95, 127, 137, 140, 145, 215, 219.
---- Lord Richard, 77, 79, 80, 81.
---- the Lady Mary, 71.
D
Danby, Lord-Treasurer, 209, 228.
_Daphne and Chloe_, 229.
Dartmouth, Lord (Colonel Legge), 141 _n._
Davies, T., 229.
"_Debate on Mr. Andrew Marvell's striking Sir Philip Harcourt, March 29_," etc., 212.
Declaration of Indulgence, 187, 188.
Declaration of War, The, 187.
_Defence and Continuation of Ecclesiastical Politie, A_ (Parker), 153.
_Defensio Secunda pro populo Anglicano_ (Milton), 48.
Denham, Sir John, 27, 129, 226.
De Ruyter, 115, 128, 136.
"_Description of Holland, A_" (Butler), 62.
De Witt, John, 63, 187, 197.
_Dialogue between two horses, Charles I. at Charing Cross, and Charles II. at Wool Church_, 218, 219.
_Dictionary of National Biography_, 9, 210 _n._
_Directions to a Painter_ (Denham), 129.
Directory of Public Worship, 90, 103.
_Discourse by Way of Vision concerning the Government of Oliver Cromwell_ (quoted), 73, 92.
_Discourse concerning Government_ (Sidney), 64.
"_Discourse of Ecclesiastical Politie wherein the Authority of the Civil Magistrate over the Consciences of Subjects in matters of external Religion is asserted_," etc., 153.
Donne, Dr., 226, 227.
_Don Quixote_ (Shelton's translation), 78.
Dorset, 226.
Dort, 187.
Dover, 90.
_Drama Commonplaces_, 154.
_Drop of Dew, A_, 230.
Dryden, John, 20, 24, 27, 69, 130.
Dublin Castle, 196.
_Dunciad_, 21.
Dunkirk, 127, 137, 193, 215.
Dutch War, 126.
Dutton, Mr. (Cromwell's ward), 54.
E
East India Company, 127.
_Ecclesiastical Politie_ (quoted), 157-8, 159-60.
Edgar, Prince, 196.
Elizabeth (Queen), 143.
"Employment of my Solitude, The" (Fairfax), 32.
"England's Way to Win Wealth," 56; quoted, 56, 57, 58.
Erith, 139.
_Essays of Elia_, 230.
Eton College, 51.
Evelyn, John, 19, 121, 138, 139 _n._
_Eyes and Tears_, 225, 230.
F
Fagg, Sir John, 205.
Fairfax, Lady Mary, 27, 28, 32, 63.
---- Lord, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 48, 50, 63.
---- Sir William, 33, 36.
Fanshaw, Sir Richard, 49 _n._
Fauconberg, Lady, 95.
---- Viscount (afterwards Earl), 71.
Finch, Sir Heneage, 91, 224.
_First Anniversary of the Government under His Highness the Lord-Protector, The_, 60.
Five Mile Act, 117, 162, 203.
_Flagellum Parliamentum_, 97.
Flanders, 196.
Flecknoe, Richard, 20, 21.
France, 183, 184, 197, 204.
"_Free Impartial Censure of the Platonick Philosophy, A_" (Parker), 152 _n._, 174.
French Alliance, 188.
G
_Gallery, The_, 230.
"Garden Poetry," 75.
_Garden, The_, 66, 225.
Gee, Dr., 220.
Gilbey. Colonel, 95, 98, 101.
Gillingham, 127.
Gladstone, 23, 104 _n._
_Golden Remains_ (Hales), 51.
_Golden Treasury_ (1863), (Palgrave), 230.
Gombroon, 194.
_Government of the People of England_, etc. (Parker), 172.
Green, Mr., 222.
Grosart, Mr., 7, 65, 84, 85, 106, 165-9 _n._, 176 _n._, 178 _n._, 181 _n._, 187 _n._, 204-6 _n._, 209 _n._, 223.
Grosvenor, Colonel, 219.
_Growth of Popery_ (quoted), 203, 206.
H
Hague, The, 197.
Hale, Sir Matthew, 92, 125.
Hales, John, 51.
Hallam, 231.
Hamilton, 172.
Harding, Dean, 118.
Harrington, James, 76, 222.
Harrison, 29, 30.
Harwich, 115.
Hastings, Lord Henry, 27.
Hazlitt, 61, 239.
Herrick, 27.
_His Majesty's most Gracious Speech to Both Houses of Parliament_, 200.
_Historical Dictionary_ (Jeremy Collier), 24 _n._
_History of England_ (Ranke), 59, 183, 185 _n._
_History of His Own Time_ (Burnet), 129, 136, 152 _n._, 189 _n._
_History of His Own Time_ (Parker), 96 _n._, 170 _n._
_History of Literature_ (Hallam), 231 _n._
_History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, The_, 136.
Hobbes, 11, 12, 156, 157.
Holland, 120, 135, 182-4, 186, 197.
---- Lord, 172.
Hollis, Thomas, 64, 219.
_Holy Dying_, 151.
_Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland_, 63, 66, 225, 229, 230.
_Hortus_ (quoted), 45-6.
_Household Book of English Poetry_ (1809) (Dean Trench), 230.
Houses of Convocation, 101.
Howard, Sir Robert, 195.
_Hudibras_ (Butler), 231.
Hull, 2, 5, 8, 17, 18, 50, 59, 84, 95, 98, 99, 101, 209, 223, 224; Town Hall, 224.
_Hull, History of_ (Gent), 17.
Humber, The, 99.
Hyde, Mrs., 202.
---- Sir Edward (Earl of Clarendon), 49 _n._
I
Imposition upon wines, 196.
Indies, East and West, 93.
Inigo Jones, 221-2.
_Insolence and Impudence Triumphant_, 153.
Ireland, 122, 196, 209.
Irish Cattle Bill, 122.
J
Jessopp, Mr., 120.
Johnson, Dr., 225, 227.
"Johnson's _Poets_," 229.
K
Kremlin, 108.
L
Lamb, William, 20, 61.
Lambert, General, 29, 31, 82.
Lambeth, 175.
_Last Instructions to a Painter about the Dutch Wars, The_, 129; quoted, 130 _seq._, 135.
Laud, Archbishop, 91, 167, 221.
Lauderdale, Lord, 150, 185, 201, 202.
Lawson, Admiral, 115.
Lenthall, Speaker, 81, 83.
"Letter from a Parliament Man to his Friend" (Shaftesbury), 97.
_Leviathan_ (Hobbes), 156.
_Life of the Great Lord Fairfax_ (Markham) (quoted), 31.
_Lines on Paradise Lost_, 230.
Locke, John, 6, 179.
London, 90; Great Fire of, 17, 119, 209; Great Plague of, 115, 116, 119.
Lort, Dr. (Master of Trinity), 10.
Louis XIV., 183, 185, 186, 188, 189, 193, 196, 215.
Lovelace, Richard, 25, 26, 227.
_Lucasta_, 25, 26.
M
Macaulay, 70, 92.
"MacFlecknoe" (quoted), 21.
Manton, Dr., 162.
_Mariae Marvell relictae et Johni Greni Creditori_, 222.
Marlborough, Earl of, 115.
Martin Marprelate, 24.
Marvell, Andrew, born 1621, 4; ancestry, 4-5; Hull Grammar School, 8; school days, 8-9; goes to Trinity College, Cambridge, 10; life at Cambridge, 11-12; becomes a Roman Catholic, 12; recantation and return to Trinity, 14; life at Cambridge ends, 17; death of mother, 17; abroad in France, Spain, Holland, and Italy, 19; acquainted with French, Dutch, and Spanish languages, 19; poet, parliamentarian, and controversialist, 20; in Rome (1645), 20; invites Flecknoe to dinner, 22; neither a Republican nor a Puritan, 23; a Protestant and a member of the Reformed Church of England, 23; stood for both King and Parliament, 23; considered by Collier a dissenter, 24 _n._; civil servant during Commonwealth, 24; rejoices at Restoration, 25; keeps Royalist company (1646-50), 25; contributes commendatory lines to Richard Lovelace in poems published 1649, 25; defends Lovelace, 26; loved to be alone with his friends, lived for the most part in a hired lodging, 26; one of thirty-three poets who wept for the early death of Lord H. Hastings, 27; went to live with Lord Fairfax at Nunappleton House as tutor to only child and daughter of the house (1650), 27; anonymity of verses, 34; small volume containing "The Garden Poetry" (1681), 34; tells story of Nunappleton House, 36-45; applies to Secretary for Foreign Tongues for a testimonial, 48; recommended by Milton to Bradshaw for post of Latin Secretary, 50; appointed four years later, 51: frequently visits Eton, 51; Milton intrusts him with a letter and copy of _Secunda defensio_ to Bradshaw, 52; appointed by the Lord-Protector tutor to Mr. Dutton, 54; resides with Oxenbridges, 54; letters, 53, 54-5, 85-7, 92-3, 94-6, 99, 100-1, 104, 105, 109-12, 121, 122, 140, 141-3, 145-7, 148-50, 189-91, 191 _seq._, 210; begins his career as anonymous political poet and satirist (1653), 56; dislike of the Dutch, 56; impregnated with the new ideas about sea power, 59; reported to have been among crowd which witnessed Charles I.'s death, 64; first collected edition of works, verse and prose, produced by subscription in three volumes, 64; became Milton's assistant (1657), 68; friendship with Milton, 69; takes Milton's place in receptions at foreign embassies, 69; plays part of Laureate during Protector's life, 71; produces two songs on marriage of Lady Mary Cromwell, 72-3; attends Cromwell's funeral, 73; is keenly interested in public affairs, 75; becomes a civil servant for a year, 75; M.P. for Hull, 75; friend of Milton and Harrington, 76; well disposed towards Charles II., 77; remains in office till end of year (1659), 77; elected with Ramsden M.P. for Kingston-upon-Hull, 78; attended opening of Parliament (1659), 80; is not a "Rumper," 84; again elected for Hull (1660), 84; begins his remarkable correspondence with the Corporation of Hull, 84; a satirist, not an enthusiast, 85; lines on Restoration, 90; complains to House of exaction of L150 for release of Milton, 91; elected for third, and last, time member for Hull, 95; receives fee from Corporation of Hull for attendance at House, 96; reviled by Parker for taking this payment, 96; _Flagellum Parliamentum_ attributed to, 97; goes to Holland, 100; is recalled, 101; while in Holland writes to Trinity House and to the Corporation of Hull on business matters, 101; goes as secretary to Lord Carlisle on an embassy to Sweden and Denmark, 106; public entry into Moscow, 108; assists at formal reception of Lord Carlisle as English ambassador, 109; renders oration to Czar into Latin, 109; Russians object to terms of oration, 109; replies, 109-12; returns from embassy, 113; reaches London, 113; attends Parliament at Oxford, 116; _The Last Instructions to a Painter about the Dutch Wars_, 129-35; bitter enemy of Hyde, 136; lines upon Clarendon House, 138; inquires into "miscarriages of the late war," 139; _The Rehearsal Transprosed_, 151; its great success, 152; literary method described by Parker, 162; called "a droll," "a buffoon," 163; replies to Parker, 163 _seq._; intercedes, 168; abused by Parker in _History of His Own Time_, 170 _n._; _The Rehearsall Transpros'd_ (second part), 171-2; pictures Parker, 172 _seq._; latterly fears subversion of Protestant faith, 179; his famous pamphlet, _An Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government in England_, 180-1, 203-5, 206-8; gives account of quarrel with Dutch, 186-7; commendatory verses on "_Mr. Milton's Paradise Lost_" (1674), 199 _n._; mock speech, _His Majesty's Most Gracious Speech to Both Houses of Parliament_, 200-2; story of proffered bribe, 209-10; last letter to constituents, 210; rarely speaks in the House of Commons, 211; longest reported speech, 211; speech reported in _Parliamentary History_ (1677), 211; "_Debate on Mr. Andrew Marvell's striking Sir Philip Harcourt_," etc., 212-14; friend of Prince Rupert, 214; lines on setting up of king's statue, 214-15; "Britannia and Raleigh," 216-19; dies, 219; thought to have been poisoned, 219; this suspicion dissipated, 220; account of sickness and death, 220-1; burial, 221; obsequies, 223; epitaph, 221; humour and wit, 163; not a fanatic, 179; insatiable curiosity, 182; power of self-repression, 211; as poet, 225-30; as satirist, 228, 230-1; as prose writer, 231-2; love of gardens, 227; appearance described, 232; Hull's most famous member, 223; enemies, 224; portraits of, 224; statue of, 224; editions of works, 229.
Marvell, Rev. Andrew (father), 7.
---- Mary (wife), 3, 222-3.
"Marvell's Cottage," 223 _n._
_Marvell's Ghost_ (in _Poems on Affairs of State_), 220 _n._
May, 119.
Mead, William, 191.
Meadows, Philip, 51, 54.
Medway, 139, 187.
_Memorials_ (Whitelock), 29.
Milton, John, 2, 19, 20, 21, 48, 49, 52, 64, 68, 69, 73, 76, 77, 91, 129, 151, 199, 223, 226, 228.
Monk, General, Duke of Albemarle, 80, 83, 91, 128, 139, 140.
---- Dr., Provost of Eton. 94.
Monmouth, Duke of, 116, 191.
Monument ("tall bully"), 118.
More (Moore), Thomas, 7.
More, Robert, 6.
Morpeth, Lord, 113.
Moscow, 105, 107.
"Mr. Milton's Paradise Lost" (Marvell), 199 _n._
_Musa Cantabrigiensis_, 16.
Muskerry, Lord, 115.
N
Napoleon, 24.
_Narrative of the Restoration_ (Collins), 81.
National Portrait Gallery, 224.
Navigation Act, 59, 63.
Nettleton, Robert, 64; (Marvell's grand-nephew), 221.
New Amsterdam, 136.
New Guinea, 127.
Novgorod, 113.
Nunappleton House, 63.
_Nymph and Fawn, The_, 230.
_Nymph complaining for the Death of her Fawn, The_, 225.
O
Oaths Bill, 202, 205.
_Oceana_ (James Harrington), 222.
_Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland, The_, 34.
_Omniana_ (Southey), 20 _n._
Opdam, Admiral, 115, 129.
Orleans, Duchess of, 185.
Ormond, Duke of, 196.
Orrery, 150.
Owen, Dr. John, 81.
Oxenbridge, John, 51.
Oxford, 116.
P
_Paradise Lost_, 10, 52, 69, 91.
_Paradise Regained_, 91.
Parker, Dr. Samuel, 9, 151-3, 155, 157, 159-60, 162-3, 167, 171-2, 211.
_Parliamentary History_, 211.
Paston, Sir Robert, 114.
Pattison, Mark, _Essays_, 230.
Peak, Sir William, 215.
Pease, Anne, 6.
Pelican (Inn), 21.
Pell, J., D.D., 222.
Pembroke, Earl of, 202.
Penderel, Richard, 222.
Penn, William, 191.
Pensionary or Long Parliament, 95, 96, 135.
Pepys, Samuel, 69, 90, 95, 96, 113, 117, 118, 120, 121; _Diary_, 129.
Pett, Mr. Commissioner, 133.
"Petty Navy Royal" (Dee), 56; (quoted), 57, 58.
Pickering, Sir Gilbert, 69.
_Pilgrim's Progress, The_, 158.
Plymouth, 136.
"_Poem upon the Death of his late Highness the Protector, A_," 74.
_Poems_ (1081), 223.
_Poems and Satires of Andrew Marvell_, 47 _n._
_Poems on Affairs of State_, 228.
Poleroone, 127, 136.
"_Politic Plat (plan) for the Honour of the Prince, A_," 56.
Poll Bill, 122.
Ponder, Nathaniel, 171.
Pope, 34, 130, 229.
Popish Plot, 219.
Popple, Edmund, 6.
---- William, 6.
_Portland Papers_, 116 _n._
Portsmouth, 136.
Pride, Colonel, 94.
Prince of Orange, 63.
Prynne, 96.
{Greek: Pyretologia} (Richard Morton), 220.
Q
Quarles, 226.
R
Ramsden, John, 78, 84, 95.
---- William. 189, 210.
_Rehearsal_ (Duke of Buckingham), 154; quoted, 154-5.
_Rehearsal Transprosed, The_ (quoted), 23-4, 51 _n._, 151, 152n., 162; (second part), 171; quoted, 172-8, 211.
_Religio Laici_, 24 _n._
_Reproof to the Rehearsal Transprosed_ (quoted), 162, 168, 169 _seq._
Reynolds, Dr., Bishop of Norwich, 93.
Riga, 113.
Robinson, Matthew, 11.
Rochester, Earl of, 226.
Rome, 193.
Roos Divorce Bill, 148, 149.
"Rota" Club, 3, 76.
Rouen, 139, 139 _n._
_Royal Charles, The_, 115, 136.
Rump Parliament, 81, 82, 83.
Rupert, Prince, 3, 214.
Rushworth, 28.
S
St. Giles's Church in the Fields, 221.
St. John, Oliver, 51.
_Saint's Rest_ (Baxter), 151.
_Samson Agonistes_, 91.
Santa Cruz, 69.
Savoy Conference, 90, 101, 103, 104.
Scotland, 204.
Scroggs, Lord Chief Justice, 100.
_Secunda defensio_, 52.
_Select Poets_ (Hazlitt), 230.
Shadwell, 20, 21.
Shaftesbury, Earl of, 205.
Sharp, Archbishop, 224.
Sheerness, 127, 128, 136.
Sheldon, Dr., Archbishop of Canterbury, 153.
Shirley (dramatist), 118, 222.
Shrewsbury, Lady, 196.
Sidney Sussex College, 219.
Skinner, Mrs., 18.
Skynner, Mr., 54.
Sluys, 186.
Smith, Mr. Goldwin, 123 _n._
Sobieski, John, 214.
_Social England Illustrated_, 56 _n._
Solemn League and Covenant, 29.
_Song of Agincourt_ (Drayton), 70.
Southampton, Lord, 95, 203.
Southey, 226.
Spain, 183, 184.
Specimens (Campbell), 230.
_Specimens_ of Early English Poets (Mr. George Ellis), 229.
_State Trials_, 191.
Sterne, Bishop of Carlisle, 94.
Stockholm, 113.
Surat, 113, 194.
Surinam, 187.
Sutton, Mrs., 202.
Swift, Benjamin, 152, 231. {Transcriber's note: Referred to by surname only in the text. Probably means Jonathan.}
T
_Table Talk_ (Selden), 179.
Tait, Archbishop, 23.
Temple, Sir William, 183.
_Tender Conscience_, 161; quoted, 161-2.
_Tentamina Physico-Theologica_ (Parker), 174.
Test Bill, 188.
Texel, 127.
Thompson, Captain Edward, 10, 64, 68, 73, 84, 202 _n._, 221, 223, 224, 229.
Thurloe, John, 50, 52.
_To his Coy Mistress_, 66, 225, 230.
Torbay, 136.
Tower, The, 206.
_Travels and Voyages_ (Harris), 106.
_Treatise on Education_ (Milton), 9.
"Treatise on the breeding of the Horse," 32.
Treaty of Dover, 184, 150 _n._, 186.
Treby, George, M.P., 219.
Trench, Dean, 67 _n._
Trevor, 150.
Trinity Church, Hull, 223.
---- College, Cambridge, 10.
---- House, 100.
Triple Alliance, The, 183, 184, 186.
Trot, Sir John, 197.
_True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates, The_ (Bacon), 60.
_Truth and Innocence Vindicated_ (Owen), 153.
Turner, Sir Edward, 135.
U
_Unreformed House of Commons, The_ (Porritt), 96 _n._
Upnor Castle, 128.
"Upon His House," 138.
_Upon Appleton House_, 230.
_Upon the Hill and Grove of Billborow_, 230.
Urquhart, Sir Thomas, 89.
V
Vane, Sir Harry, 89.
Van Tromp, 59, 61, 63, 115.
Vere, Lord, 32.
Villiers, George, Duke of Buckingham, 33.
Viner, Sir Robert, 214, 215.
Virginia, 58.
W
Walcheren, 186.
Walker, 226.
Waller, 73, 144, 145 _n._, 226.
"Walton's _Life_" (Wotton), 19; quoted, 20.
Ward, Seth, 153 _n._ {Transcriber's Note: 152}
Watts, Dr., 65.
Weckerlin, Georg Rudolph, 49; Latin Secretary to Parliament, 49 _n._, 50.
Welch, Mr., 210.
Westminster Hall, 140.
---- Parliament of, 83.
White, Bishop of Ely, 13.
Whitehall, 117.
Whitelock's _Memorials_, 29.
_William and Margaret_ (Mallet), 65.
Wine Licenses, 196.
Winestead, 4.
Wise, Lieutenant, 140.
Wither, 226.
Wood, Anthony, 25.
Wordsworth, 229.
Worshipful Society of Masters and Pilots of Trinity House, 84.
Y
Yarmouth, 58.
York, Duchess of, 193, 196.
---- Duke of, 115, 188, 189.
_Young Love_, 225, 229, 230.
ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS
Edited by JOHN MORLEY Cloth 12mo 75 cents net, each
* * * * *
GEORGE ELIOT. By Leslie Stephen.
WILLIAM HAZLITT. By Augustine Birrell.
MATTHEW ARNOLD. By Herbert W. Paul.
JOHN RUSKIN. By Frederic Harrison.
JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER. By Thomas W. Higginson.
ALFRED TENNYSON. By Alfred Lyall.
SAMUEL RICHARDSON. By Austin Dobson.
ROBERT BROWNING. By G.K. Chesterton.
CRABBE. By Alfred Ainger.
FANNY BURNEY. By Austin Dobson.
JEREMY TAYLOR. By Edmund Gosse.
ROSSETTI. By Arthur C. Benson.
MARIA EDGEWORTH. By the Hon. Emily Lawless.
HOBBES. By Leslie Stephen.
ADAM SMITH. By Francis W. Hirst.
THOMAS MOORE. By Stephen Gwynn.
SYDNEY SMITH. By George W.E. Russell.
WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT. By William A. Bradley.
WILLIAM HICKLING PRESCOTT. By Harry Thurston Peck.
EDWARD FITZGERALD. By A.C. Benson.
ANDREW MARVELL. By Augustine Birrell.
* * * * *
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64-66 Fifth Avenue, New York
ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS
Edited by JOHN MORLEY
The earlier issues of this series are also to be had conveniently bound in twelve uniform volumes.
Cloth. $1.00 per volume
* * * * *
CHAUCER. By Adolphus William Ward. SPENSER. By R.W. Church. DRYDEN. By George Saintsbury.
MILTON. By Mark Pattison, B.D. GOLDSMITH. By William Black. COWPER. By Goldwin Smith.
BYRON. By John Nichol. SHELLEY. By John Addington Symonds. KEATS. By Sidney Colvin, M.A.
WORDSWORTH. By F.W.H. Myers. SOUTHEY. By Edward Dowden. LANDOR. By Sidney Colvin, M.A.
LAMB. By Alfred Ainger. ADDISON. By W.J. Courthope. SWIFT. By Leslie Stephen.
SCOTT. By Richard H. Hutton. BURNS. By Principal Shairp. COLERIDGE. By H.D. Traill.
HUME. By T.H. Huxley, F.R.S. LOCKE. By Thomas Fowler. BURKE. By John Morley.
FIELDING. By Austin Dobson. THACKERAY. By Anthony Trollope. DICKENS. By Adolphus William Ward.
GIBBON. By J. Cotter Morison. CARLYLE. By John Nichol. MACAULAY. By J. Cotter Morison.
SIDNEY. By J.A. Symonds. DE QUINCEY. By David Masson. SHERIDAN. By Mrs. Oliphant.
POPE. By Leslie Stephen. JOHNSON. By Leslie Stephen. GRAY. By Edmund Gosse.
BACON. By R.W. Church. BUNYAN. By J.A. Froude. BENTLEY. By R.C. Jebb.
* * * * *
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64-66 Fifth Avenue, New York
ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS
Edited by JOHN MORLEY Cloth 12mo 40 cents each
* * * * *
ADDISON. By W.J. Courthope. BACON. By R.W. Church. BENTLEY. By Prof. Jebb. BUNYAN. By J.A. Froude. BURKE. By John Morley. BURNS. By Principal Shairp. BYRON. By Prof. Nichol. CARLYLE. By Prof. Nichol. CHAUCER. By Prof. A.W. Ward. COLERIDGE. By H.D. Traill. COWPER. By Goldwin Smith. DEFOE. By W. Minto. DE QUINCEY. By Prof. Masson. DICKENS. By A.W. Ward. DRYDEN. By G. Saintsbury. FIELDING. By Austin Dobson. GIBBON. By J. Cotter Morison. GOLDSMITH. By William Black. GRAY. By Edmund Gosse. JOHNSON. By Leslie Stephen. HUME. By T.H. Huxley. KEATS. By Sidney Colvin. LAMB. By Alfred Ainger. LANDOR. By Sidney Colvin. LOCKE. By Prof. Fowler. MACAULAY. By J. Cotter Morison. MILTON. By Mark Pattison. POPE. By Leslie Stephen. SCOTT. By R.H. Hutton. SHELLEY. By J.A. Symonds. SHERIDAN. By Mrs. Oliphant. SIR PHILIP SIDNEY. By J.A. Symonds. SOUTHEY. By Prof. Dowden. SPENSER. By R.W. Church. STERNE. By H.D. Traill. SWIFT. By Leslie Stephen. THACKERAY. By A. Trollope. WORDSWORTH. By F.W.H. Myers.
* * * * *
The MacMillan Company 64-66 Fifth Avenue, New York