Category: History - Ancient
Progress of Mankind from the Bottom of the Scale.—Illustrated by Inventions, Discoveries and Institutions.—Two Plans of Government—one Gentile and Social, giving a Society (_Societas_); the other Political, giving a State (_Civitas_).—The former founded upon Persons and Gentil...
PROPERTY IN THE UPPER STATUS OF BARBARISM.—SLAVERY.—TENURE OF LANDS IN GRECIAN TRIBES.—CULTURE OF THE PERIOD.—ITS BRILLIANCY.—THIRD RULE OF INHERITANCE.—EXCLUSIVELY IN CHILDREN....
36. CHAPTER VI.DIVISIONS OF AMERICAN ABORIGINES.—GENTES IN INDIAN TRIBES; WITH THEIR RULES OF DESCENT AND INHERITANCE.—I. HODENOSAUNIAN TRIBES.—II. DAKOTIAN.—III. GULF.—IV. PAWNEE.—V. ALGONKIN...
52. CHAPTER VI.SEQUENCE IN PART HYPOTHETICAL.—RELATION OF THESE INSTITUTIONS IN THE ORDER OF THEIR ORIGINATION.—EVIDENCE OF THEIR ORIGINATION IN THE ORDER NAMED.—HYPOTHESIS OF DEGRADATION CONS...
51. CHAPTER V.THIS FAMILY COMPARATIVELY MODERN.—THE TERM FAMILIA.—FAMILY OF ANCIENT GERMANS.—OF HOMERIC GREEKS.—OF CIVILIZED GREEKS.—SECLUSION OF WIVES.—OBLIGATIONS OF MONOGAMY NOT RESPECTED...
37. CHAPTER VII.MISCONCEPTION OF AZTEC SOCIETY.—CONDITION OF ADVANCEMENT.—NAHUATLAC TRIBES.—THEIR SETTLEMENT IN MEXICO.—PUEBLO OF MEXICO FOUNDED, A. D., 1325.—AZTEC CONFEDERACY ESTABLISHED, A....
49. CHAPTER III.THE PUNALUAN FAMILY SUPERVENED UPON THE CONSANGUINE.—TRANSITION, HOW PRODUCED.—HAWAIIAN CUSTOM OF PUNALUA.—ITS PROBABLE ANCIENT PREVALENCE OVER WIDE AREAS.—THE GENTES ORIGINATED...
35. CHAPTER V.CONFEDERACIES NATURAL GROWTHS.—FOUNDED UPON COMMON GENTES, AND A COMMON LANGUAGE.—THE IROQUOIS TRIBES.—THEIR SETTLEMENT IN NEW YORK.—FORMATION OF THE CONFEDERACY.—ITS STRUCTURE...
32. CHAPTER II.THE GENTILE ORGANIZATION.—ITS WIDE PREVALENCE.—DEFINITION OF A GENS.—DESCENT IN THE FEMALE LINE THE ARCHAIC RULE.—RIGHTS, PRIVILEGES AND OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERS OF A GENS.—RIGHT...
45. CHAPTER XV.THE SCOTTISH CLAN.—THE IRISH SEPT.—GERMANIC TRIBES.—TRACES OF A PRIOR GENTILE SYSTEM.—GENTES IN SOUTHERN ASIATIC TRIBES.—IN NORTHERN.—IN URALIAN TRIBES.—HUNDRED FAMILIES OF CHIN...
42. CHAPTER XII.ROMAN GENTILE SOCIETY.—FOUR STAGES OF ORGANIZATION—1. THE GENS; 2. THE CURIA, CONSISTING OF TEN GENTES; 3. THE TRIBE, COMPOSED OF TEN CURIÆ; 4. THE POPULUS ROMANUS, COMPOSED OF...
40. CHAPTER X.FAILURE OF THE GENTES AS A BASIS OF GOVERNMENT.—LEGISLATION OF THESEUS.—ATTEMPTED SUBSTITUTION OF CLASSES.—ITS FAILURE.—ABOLITION OF THE OFFICE OF BASILEUS.—THE ARCHONSHIP.—NAUC...
41. CHAPTER XI.ITALIAN TRIBES ORGANIZED IN GENTES.—FOUNDING OF ROME.—TRIBES ORGANIZED INTO A MILITARY DEMOCRACY.—THE ROMAN GENS.—DEFINITION OF A GENTILIS BY CICERO.—BY FESTUS.—BY VARRO.—DESCEN...
39. CHAPTER IX.THE ATHENIAN PHRATRY.—HOW FORMED.—DEFINITION OF DIKÆARCHUS.—OBJECTS CHIEFLY RELIGIOUS.—THE PHRATRIARCH.—THE TRIBE.—COMPOSED OF THREE PHRATRIES.—THE PHYLO-BASILEUS.—THE NATION.—C...
38. CHAPTER VIII.EARLY CONDITION OF GRECIAN TRIBES.—ORGANIZED INTO GENTES.—CHANGES IN THE CHARACTER OF THE GENS.—NECESSITY FOR A POLITICAL SYSTEM.—PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED.—THE FORMATION OF A STATE....
43. CHAPTER XIII.THE POPULUS.—THE PLEBEIANS.—THE CLIENTS.—THE PATRICIANS.—LIMITS OF THE ORDER.—LEGISLATION OF SERVIUS TULLIUS.—INSTITUTION OF PROPERTY CLASSES.—OF THE CENTURIES.—UNEQUAL SUFFRAGE...
34. CHAPTER IV.THE TRIBE AS AN ORGANIZATION.—COMPOSED OF GENTES SPEAKING THE SAME DIALECT.—SEPARATION IN AREA LED TO DIVERGENCE OF SPEECH, AND SEGMENTATION.—THE TRIBE A NATURAL GROWTH.—ILLUSTR...
46. CHAPTER I.FIVE SUCCESSIVE FORMS OF THE FAMILY.—FIRST, THE CONSANGUINE FAMILY.—IT CREATED THE MALAYAN SYSTEM OF CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY.—SECOND, THE PUNALUAN.—IT CREATED THE TURANIAN AN...
33. CHAPTER III.DEFINITION OF A PHRATRY.—KINDRED GENTES REUNITED IN A HIGHER ORGANIZATION.—PHRATRY OF THE IROQUOIS TRIBES.—ITS COMPOSITION.—ITS USES AND FUNCTIONS.—SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS.—ILLUSTR...
27. CHAPTER I.PROGRESS OF MANKIND FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE SCALE.—ILLUSTRATED BY INVENTIONS DISCOVERIES AND INSTITUTIONS.—TWO PLANS OF GOVERNMENT—ONE GENTILE AND SOCIAL, GIVING A SOCIETY, (_Soc...
30. CHAPTER III.RETROSPECT ON THE LINES OF HUMAN PROGRESS.—PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF MODERN CIVILIZATION.—OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATION.—OF LATER PERIOD OF BARBARISM.—OF MIDDLE PERIOD.—OF OLDER PERI...
44. CHAPTER XIV.HOW THE CHANGE MIGHT HAVE BEEN MADE.—INHERITANCE OF PROPERTY THE MOTIVE.—DESCENT IN THE FEMALE LINE AMONG THE LYCIANS.—THE CRETANS.—THE ETRUSCANS.—PROBABLY AMONG THE ATHENIANS I...
53. CHAPTER I.PROPERTY IN THE STATUS OF SAVAGERY.—SLOW RATE OF PROGRESS.—FIRST RULE OF INHERITANCE.—PROPERTY DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE GENTILES.—PROPERTY IN THE LOWER STATUS OF BARBARISM.—GERM OF...
50. CHAPTER IV.THE SYNDYASMIAN FAMILY.—HOW CONSTITUTED.—ITS CHARACTERISTICS.—INFLUENCE UPON IT OF THE GENTILE ORGANIZATION.—PROPENSITY TO PAIR A LATE DEVELOPMENT.—ANCIENT SOCIETY SHOULD BE STU...
48. Chapter VI, in which Mr. McLennan’s objections are considered.If the recognized relationships in the Malayan system are now tested by this form of marriage, it will be found that they rest upon the intermarriage of own and collateral broth...
31. CHAPTER I.AUSTRALIAN CLASSES.—ORGANIZED UPON SEX.—ARCHAIC CHARACTER OF THE ORGANIZATION.—AUSTRALIAN GENTES.—THE EIGHT CLASSES.—RULE OF MARRIAGE.—DESCENT IN THE FEMALE LINE.—STUPENDOUS CON...
47. CHAPTER II.FORMER EXISTENCE OF THIS FAMILY.—PROVED BY MALAYAN SYSTEM OF CONSANGUINITY.—HAWAIIAN SYSTEM USED AS TYPICAL.—FIVE GRADES OF RELATIONS.—DETAILS OF SYSTEM.—EXPLAINED BY THE INTERM...
28. CHAPTER II.SUPREMACY OF MANKIND OVER THE EARTH.—CONTROL OVER SUBSISTENCE THE CONDITION.—MANKIND ALONE GAINED THAT CONTROL.—SUCCESSIVE ARTS OF SUBSISTENCE.—I. NATURAL SUBSISTENCE; II. FISH...
29. Part III these several forms of the family will be treated specially.But as they will be frequently mentioned in the next ensuing Part, they should at least be defined in advance for the information of the reader. They are the following:
11. CHAPTER VIII.Early Condition of Grecian Tribes.—Organized into Gentes.—Changes in the Character of the Gens.—Necessity for a Political System.—Problem to be Solved.—The Formation of a State....
1. CHAPTER I.Progress of Mankind from the Bottom of the Scale.—Illustrated by Inventions, Discoveries and Institutions.—Two Plans of Government—one Gentile and Social, giving a Society (_Soc...
5. CHAPTER II.The Gentile Organization.—Its Wide Prevalence.—Definition of a Gens.—Descent in the Female Line the Archaic Rule.—Rights, Privileges and Obligations of Members of a Gens.—Right...
13. CHAPTER X.Failure of the Gentes as a Basis of Government.—Legislation of Theseus.—Attempted Substitution of Classes.—Its Failure.—Abolition of the Office of Basileus.—The Archonship.—Nauc...
8. CHAPTER V.Confederacies Natural Growths.—Founded upon Common Gentes, and a Common Language.—The Iroquois Tribes.—Their Settlement in New York.—Formation of the Confederacy.—Its Structure...
26. CHAPTER II.Property in the Upper Status of Barbarism.—Slavery.—Tenure of Lands in Grecian Tribes.—Culture of the Period.—Its Brilliancy.—Third Rule of Inheritance.—Exclusively in Children....
7. CHAPTER IV.The Tribe as an Organization.—Composed of Gentes Speaking the same Dialect.—Separation in Area led to Divergence of Speech, and Segmentation.—The Tribe a Natural Growth.—Illustr...
12. CHAPTER IX.The Athenian Phratry.—How Formed.—Definition of Dikæarchus.—Objects chiefly Religious.—The Phratriarch.—The Tribe.—Composed of Three Phratries.—The Phylo Basileus.—The Nation.—C...
10. CHAPTER VII.Misconception of Aztec Society.—Condition of Advancement.—Nahuatlac Tribes.—Their Settlement in Mexico.—Pueblo of Mexico founded, A. D. 1325.—Aztec Confederacy established, A. D...
9. CHAPTER VI.Divisions of American Aborigines.—Gentes in Indian Tribes; with their Rules of Descent and Inheritance.—I. Hodenosaunian Tribes.—II. Dakotian.—III. Gulf.—IV. Pawnee.—V. Algonkin...
20. CHAPTER II.Former Existence of this Family.—Proved by Malayan System of Consanguinity.—Hawaiian System used as Typical.—Five Grades of Relations.—Details of System.—Explained in its origin...
19. CHAPTER I.Five successive Forms of the Family.—First, the Consanguine Family.—It created the Malayan System of Consanguinity and Affinity.—Second, the Punaluan.—It created the Turanian an...
15. CHAPTER XII.Roman Gentile Society.—Four Stages of Organization.—1. The Gens; 2. The Curia, consisting of Ten Gentes; 3. The Tribe, composed of Ten Curiæ; 4. The Populus Romanus, composed of...
16. CHAPTER XIII.The Populus.—The Plebeians.—The Clients.—The Patricians.—Limits of the Order.—Legislation of Servius Tullius.—Institution of Property Classes.—Of the Centuries.—Unequal Suffrage...
23. CHAPTER V.This Family comparatively Modern.—The Term Familia.—Family of Ancient Germans.—Of Homeric Greeks.—Of Civilized Greeks.—Seclusion of Wives.—Obligations of Monogamy not respected...
21. CHAPTER III.The Punaluan Family supervened upon the Consanguine.—Transition, how Produced.—Hawaiian Custom of Punalua.—Its probable ancient Prevalence over wide Areas.—The Gentes originated...
6. CHAPTER III.Definition of a Phratry.—Kindred Gentes Reunited in a Higher Organization.—Phratry of the Iroquois Tribes.—Its Composition.—Its Uses and Functions.—Social and Religious.—Illustr...
17. CHAPTER XIV.How the Change might have been made.—Inheritance of Property the Motive.—Descent in the Female Line among the Lycians.—The Cretans.—The Etruscans.—Probably among the Athenians i...
14. CHAPTER XI.Italian Tribes Organized in Gentes.—Founding of Rome.—Tribes Organized into a Military Democracy.—The Roman Gens.—Definition of a Gentilis by Cicero.—By Festus.—By Varro.—Descen...
18. CHAPTER XV.The Scottish Clan.—The Irish Sept.—Germanic Tribes.—Traces of a prior Gentile System.—Gentes in Southern Asiatic Tribes.—In Northern.—In Uralian Tribes.—Hundred Families of Chin...
22. CHAPTER IV.The Syndyasmian Family.—How Constituted.—Its Characteristics.—Influence upon it of the Gentile Organization.—Propensity to Pair a late Development.—Ancient Society should be Stu...
25. CHAPTER I.Property in the Status of Savagery.—Slow Rate of Progress.—First Rule of Inheritance.—Property Distributed among the Gentiles.—Property in the Lower Status of Barbarism.—Germ of...
3. CHAPTER III.Retrospect on the Lines of Human Progress.—Principal Contributions of Modern Civilization.—Of Ancient Civilization.—Of Later Period of Barbarism.—Of Middle Period.—Of Older Peri...
4. CHAPTER I.Australian Classes.—Organized upon Sex.—Archaic Character of the Organization.—Australian Gentes.—The Eight Classes.—Rule of Marriage.—Descent in the Female Line.—Stupendous Con...
2. CHAPTER II.Supremacy of Mankind over the Earth.—Control over Subsistence the Condition.—Mankind alone gained that Control.—Successive Arts of Subsistence—I. Natural Subsistence; II. Fish S...
24. CHAPTER VI.Sequence in part Hypothetical.—Relation of these Institutions in the Order of their Origination.—Evidence of their Origination in the Order named.—Hypothesis of Degradation Cons...