Chapter 10

TAPALCAYOA, _v_. To be full of potsherds and broken bits. XV, 16. TATLI, _n. and v_. See p. 19. TE, _pron. pers_. 1. Thou. 2. _Pron. rel. indef_. Somebody. TEAHUIACA, _adj_. Pleasing, agreeable. TECA, _pron_. Of some one; _te_ and _ca_. TECA, _v_. To stretch out, to sleep; to concern one's self with. _Moteca_, they unite together. TECH, _postpos_. In, upon, from. _Pron_. Us. TECOCOLIA, _n_. A hated person, an enemy. TECOMAPILOA, _n_. A musical instrument. See p. 23. TECPILLI, _n_. Nobleman, lord. TECPILLOTL, _n_. The nobility; noble bearing, courtesy. TEHUAN, _pron_. 1. We. 2. With some one. TEHUATL, _pron_. Thou. TEINI, _v_. To break, to fracture. TEL, _conj_. But, though. TELCHIHUA, _v_. To detest, to hate, to curse. TEMA, _v_. To place something somewhere. TEMACHIA, _v_. To have confidence in, to expect, to hope for. TEMI, _v_. To be filled, replete; to be stretched out. XXVI, 4. TEMIQUI, _v_. To dream. TEMO, _v_. To descend, to let fall. TEMOA, _v_. To search, to seek. TENAMITL, _n_. A town; the wall of a town. TENAUAC, _post_. With some one, near some one. TENMATI, _v_. To be idle, negligent, unfortunate. TENQUIXTIA, _v_. To speak forth, to pronounce, to declare. TENYOTL, _n_. Fame, honor. TEOATL, _n_. Divine water. See VI, 4, note. TEOCUITLA, _n_. Gold, of gold. TEOHUA, _n_. A priest. XVII, 19. TEOQUECHOL, _n_. A bird of beautiful plumage. TEOTL, _n_. God, divinity. TEOXIHUITL, _n_. Turquoise; _fig_., relation, ruler, parent. TEPACCA, _adj_. Causing joy, pleasurable. TEPEITIC, _n_. Narrow valley, glade, glen. TEPETL, _n_. A mountain, a hill. TEPEUA, _v_. To spread abroad, to scatter, to conquer. XV, 3. TEPONAZTLI, _n_. A drum. See p. 22. TEPOPOLOANI, _v_. To slay, to slaughter. TEQUANI, _n_. A wild beast, a savage person. TEQUI, _v_. To cut. TETECUICA, _v_. To make a loud noise, to thunder. XXI, 7. TETL, _n_. A stone, a rock. In comp., _te_. TETLAMACHTI, _n_. That which enriches, glorifies, or pleases. TETLAQUAUAC, _adj_. Hard or strong as stone. Comp. of _tetl_ and _tlaquauac_. TETOZCATEMO, _v_. To let fall or throw forth notes of singing. I, 2. TETZILACATL, _n_. A copper gong. XVII, 21. See p. 24. TEUCTLI, _n_., pl. _teteuctin_. A noble, a ruler, a lord; _in teteuctin_, the lords, the great ones. TEUCYOTL, _n_. Nobility, lordship. TEUH, _postpos_. Like, similar to. TEUHYOTL, _n_. Divinity, divineness. TEYOLQUIMA, _adj_. Pleasing, odorous, sweet. TEYOTL, _n_. Fame, honor. TI, _pron_. 1. thou; _timo_, ref.; _tic_, act. 2. we; _tito_, ref.; _tic_, act. TILANI, _v_. To draw out. TILINI, _v_. To crowd, to press. XVII, 19. TIMALOA, _v_. To glorify, to exalt, to praise. TIMO, _pron. ref_. Thou thyself. TITO, _pron. ref_. We ourselves. TIZAITL, _n_. Chalk; anything white; an example or model. TIZAOCTLI, _n_. White wine. See VII, 2. TLA, _adv_., for _intla_, if; _pron. indef_., something, anything; _postpos_. in abundance. TLACACE, _interj_. Expressing astonishment or admiration. XVII, 3. TLACAQUI, _v_. To hear, to understand. TLACATEUCTLI, _n_. A sovereign, a ruler. TLACATI, _v_. To be born. TLACATL, _n_. Creature, person. TLACAZO, _adv_. Truly, certainly. TLACHIA, _v_. To see, to look upon. TLACHIHUAL, _n_. Creature, invention. TLACHINOLLI, _n_. Battle, war; from _chinoa_, to burn. TLACOA, _v_. To injure, to do evil, to sin. TLACOCHTLI, _n_. The arrow. TLACOCOA, _v_. To buy, to purchase. X, 1. TLACOHUA, _v_. To buy, to purchase. TLACOHUA, _v_. To beat, to chastise. TLACOTLI, _n_. A servant, slave. TLACOUIA, _v_. To split, to splinter. TLACUILOA, _v_. To inscribe, to paint in, to write down. TLAELEHUIANI, _adj_. Desirous of, anxious for. TLAHUELLI, _n_. Anger, ire. TLAHUICA, _n_. Servant, page; also, a native of the province of Tlahuican. (See _Index_.} TLAILOTLAQUI, _n_. "Workers in filth;" scum; a term applied in contempt. XIII, 8; XV, 12, 14. Also a proper name. (See _Index_.) TLALAQUIA, _v_. To bury, to inter. TLALLI, _n_. Earth, ground; _tlalticpac_, on the earth. TLALNAMIQUI, _v_. To think of, to remember. TLALPILONI, _n_. An ornament for the head. VI, 4, from _ilpia_. TLAMACHTI, _v. ref_. To be rich, happy, prosperous. TLAMAHUIZOLLI, _n_. Miracle, wonder. TLAMATILLOLLI, _n_. Ointment; anything rubbed in the hands. XI, 9. TLAMATQUI, _adj_. Skillful, adroit. TLAMATTICA, _adj_. Calm, tranquil. TLAMELAUHCAYOTL, _n_. A plain or direct song. II, 1. TLAMI, _v_. To end, to finish, to come to an end. TLAMOMOYAUA, _v_. To scatter, to destroy. XV, 21. TLAN, _postpos_. Near to, among, at. TLANECI, _v_. To dawn, to become day. _Ye tlaneci_, the day breaks. TLANEHUIA, _v. Nicno_. To revel, to indulge one's self in. XXI, 8. TLANELTOCA, _v_. To believe in, to have faith in. TLANIA, _v_. To recover one's self, to return within one's self. TLANIICZA, _v_. To abase, to humble. IX, 3. TLANTIA, _v_. To terminate, to end. TLAOCOL, _adj_. Sad, melancholy, pitiful, merciful. TLAOCOLIA, _v_. To be sad, etc. TLAOCOLTZATZIA, _v_. To cry aloud with grief. I, 3. TLAPALHUIA, _v., rel_. To be brilliant or happy; act_., to salute a person; to paint something. TLAPALLI, _n_. and _adj_. Colored; dyed; red. TLAPALOA, _v_. To salute, to greet. TLAPANAHUIA, _adj_. Surpassing, superior, excellent; used to form superlatives. TLAPANI, _v_. To dye, to color. XVII, 10. TLAPAPALLI, _adj_. Striped, in stripes. TLAPATL, _n_. The castor-oil plant; the phrase _mixitl tlapatl_ means stupor, intoxication. IX, 2. TLAPEPETLANI, _v_. To sparkle, to shine forth. TLAPITZA, _v_. Fr. _pitza_, to play the flute. XVII, 26. TLAQUALLI, _n_. Food, eatables. TLAQUAUAC, _adj_. Strong, hard. TLAQUAUH, _adj_. Strongly, forcibly. TLAQUILLA, _adj_. Stopped up, filled. XX, 4. TLAQUILQUI, _n_. One who plasters, a mason. XXI, 1. TLATEMMATI, _v_. To suffer afflictions. TLATENEHUA, _v_. To promise. TLATHUI, _v_. To dawn, to become light. TLATIA, _v_. 1. To hide, to conceal; 2. to burn, to set on fire. TLATLAMANTITICA, _adj_. Divided, separated. TLATLATOA, _v_. To speak much or frequently. XVII, 11. TLATLAUHTIA, _v_. To pray. XVI, 3. TLATOANI, _n_. Ruler, lord. TLATOCAYOTL, _n_. The quality of governing or ruling. TLATOLLI, _n_. Word, speech, order. TLATZIHUI, _v_. To neglect, to be negligent; to be abandoned, to lie fallow; to leave, to withdraw. TLAUANTLI, _n_. Vase, cup. XXVI, 4. TLAUHQUECHOL, _n_. A bird, the red heron, _Platalea ajaja_. TLAUILLOTL, _n_. Clearness, light. X, 1. TLAXILLOTIA, _v_. To arrange, sustain, support. IX, 4. TLAXIXINIA, _v_. To disperse, to destroy. TLAYAUA, _v_. To make an encircling figure in dancing. TLAYAUALOLLI, _adj_. Encircled, surrounded. XXI, 6. TLAYLOTLAQUI, _n_. See XIII, 8. TLAYOCOLIA, _v_. To make, to form, to invent. XIV. TLAYOCOYALLI, _n_. Creature, invention. TLAZA, _v_. To throw away; _fig_., to reject, to despise. TLAZOTLA, _v_. To love, to like. TLE, _pron. int_. and _rel_. What? That. TLEAHUA, _v_. To set on fire, to fire. TLEIN, _pron., int_. and _rel_. What? That. TLEINMACH, _adv_. Why? For what reason? TLENAMACTLI, _n_. Incense burned to the gods. III, 1. TLEPETZTIC, _adj_. Shining like fire, _tletl_, _petzlic_. XV, 26. TLETL, _n_. Fire. TLEYMACH, _adv_. Why? Wherefore? TLEYOTL, _n_. Fame, honor. TLEZANNEN, _adv_. To what good? Cui bono? TLILIUHQUI, _adj_. Black, brown. TLILIUI, _v_. To blacken, to paint black. XII, 6. TLOC, _postpos_. With, near to. TLOQUE NAHUAQUE, _n_. A name of divinity. See I, 6, note. TO, _pron. posses_. Our, ours. TOCA, _v_. To follow. TOCI, _n_. "Our ancestress," a divinity so called. TOCO, _v_. Impers. of _toca_. TOHUAN, _pron_. With us. TOLINIA, _v_. To be poor, to be unfortunate. TOLQUATECTITLAN, _n_. The place where the head is bowed for lustration. III, 1. TOMA, _v_. To loosen, to untie, to open. XVII, 3. TOMAHUAC, _adj_. Great, heavy, large. TONACATI, _v_. To be prosperous or fertile. TONACATLALLI, _n_. Rich or fertile land. TONAMEYO, _adj_. Shining like the sun, glittering. TONAMEYOTL, _n_. Ray of the sun, light, brilliancy. TONATIUH, _n_. The sun. TONEUA, _v_. To suffer pain; _nite_, to inflict pain. TOQUICHPOHUAN, _n_. Our equals. I, 3. TOTOTL, _n_. A bird, generic term. TOZMILINI, _adj_. Sweet voiced. XXI, 3. TOZNENETL, _n_. A parrot, _Psittacus signatus_. TOZQUITL, _n_. The singing voice, p. 21. TZALAN, _postpos_. Among, amid. TZATZIA, _v_. To shout, to cry aloud. TZAUHQUI, _v_. To spin. XVII, 22. TZETZELIUI, _v_. To rain, to snow; _fig_., to pour down. TZIHUAC, _n_. A species of bush. XV, 1. TZIMIQUILIZTLI, _n_. Slaughter, death. XVI, 5. TZINITZCAN, _n_. A bird, _Trogon Mexicanus_. TZITZILINI, _n_. A bell. TZOTZONA, _v_. To strike the drum.

UALLAUH, _v_. To come. See _huallauh_. UITZ, _v_. To come. ULLI, _n_. Caoutchouc. See p. 22.

XAHUA, _v_. To paint one's self, to array one's self in the ancient manner. XXIV, 1. XAMANI, _v_. To break, to crack. XAXAMATZA, _v_. To cut in pieces, to break into bits. XAYACATL, _n_. Face, mask. XELIHUI, _v_. To divide, to distribute. XEXELOA, _v_. To divide, to distribute. XILOTL, _n_. Ear of green corn. XILOXOCHITL, _n_. The flower of maize. XVII, 10. XIMOAYAN, _n_. A place of departed souls. See I, 8. XIMOHUAYAN, _n_. Place of departed spirits. VIII, 1. XIUHTOTOTL, _n_. A bird, _Guiaca cerulea_. XIUITL, _n_. A leaf, plant; year; anything green. XOCHICALLI, _n_. A house for flowers, or adorned with them. XOCHIMECATL, _n_. A rope or garland of flowers. XOCHIMICOHUAYAN, _n_. See XVI, 3, note. XOCHITECATL, _n_. See XXV, 7, note. XOCHITL, _n_. A flower, a rose. XOCHIYAOTL, _n_. Flower-war. See XVI, 4, note. XOCOMIQUI, _v_. To intoxicate, to become drunk. XOCOYA, _v_. To grow sour. XIII, 4. XOPALEUAC, _n_. Something very green. XOPAN, _n_. The springtime. XOTLA, _v_. To blossom, to flower; to warm, to inflame; to cut, to scratch, to saw. XOXOCTIC, _adj_. Green; blue. XVI, 6. XOYACALTITLAN, _n_. The house or place of decay. III, 1.

Y., Abbrev. for _ihuan_, and _in_, q. v. YA, _adv_. Already, thus; same as _ye_; _v_., to suit, to fit. Part. euphonic or expletive. See note to XVII, 3. YAN, _postpos_. Suffix signifying place. YANCUIC, _adj_. New, fresh, recent. YANCUICAN, _adv_. Newly, recently. YAOTL, _n_. War, battle. YAOYOTL, _n_. Warfare. YAQUI, _adj_. Departed, gone, left for a place. YAUH, _v., irreg_. To go. YE, _adv_. Already, thus; _ye no ceppa_, a second time; _ye ic_, already, it is already. YE, _pron_. He, those, etc. YE, _adj. num_. Three. YECE, _adv_. But. YECEN, _adv_. Finally, at last. YECNEMI, _v_. To live righteously. YECOA, _v_. To do, to finish, to conclude. YECTENEHUA, _v_. To bless, to speak well of. YECTLI, _adj_. Good, worthy, noble. YEHUATL, _pron_. He, she, it. Pl. _yehuan, yehuantin_. YEHUIA, _v_. To beg, to ask charity. YEPPA YUHQUI. Formerly, it was there. VII, 2. YHUINTIA. See _ihuinti_. YOCATL, _n_. Goods, possessions; _noyocauh_, my property. XV, 26. YOCAUA, _n_. Master, possessor, owner. YOCOLIA, _v_. To form, to make. YOCOYA, _v_. To make, to invent, to create. YOHUATLI, _n_. Night, darkness. YOLAHUIA, _v_. To rejoice greatly. YOLCIAHUIA, _v_. To please one's self, to make glad. YOLCUECUECHOA, _v_. To make the heart tremble. IV, 6. YOLEHUA, _v_. To excite, to animate. YOLIHUAYAN, _n_. A place of living III, 5. YOLLO, _adj_. Adroit, skillful; also for _iyollo_, his heart. YOLLOTL, _v_. Heart, mind, soul. YOLNONOTZA, _v_. See note to I, 1. YOLPOXAHUA, _v_. To toil mentally. YUHQUI, _adv_. As, like. YUHQUIMATI, _v_. To understand, to realize.

ZACATL, _n_. Herbage, straw, hay. XXI, 5. ZACUAN, _n_. Feather of the zacuan bird; _fig_., yellow; prized. ZACUAN TOTOTL, _n_. The zacuan bird, _Oriolus dominicensis_. ZAN, _adv_. Only, but; _zan cuel_, in a short time; _zanen_, perhaps; _Zan nen_, in vain. ZANCUEL ACHIC, _adv_. A moment, an instant; often; _zan ye_, but again, but quickly. ZANIO, _pron_. I alone, he or it alone. ZOA, _v_. To pierce; to spread out; to open; to sew; to string together; to put in order. ZOLIN TOTOTL, _n_. The quail. ZOMA, _v_. To become angry. ZOMALE, _adj_. For _comalli_, vase, cup. XXVI, 4.

INDEX OF NAHUATL PROPER NAMES, WITH EXPLANATIONS.

ACALLAN, 105. "The place of boats," from _acalli_, boat. An ancient province at the mouth of the Usumacinta river; but the name was probably applied to other localities also.

ACATLAPAN, 41. A village southeast of Chalco. From _acatla_, a place of reeds, and _pan_, in or at.

ACHALCHIUHTLANEXTIN, 46. The first chief of the Toltecs; another form of _chalchiuhtonac_. Both names mean "the gleam of the precious jade." Compare Torquemada, _Monarquia Indiana_. Lib. III., cap. 7; Orozco y Berra, _Hist. Antigua de Mexico_, Tom. III., p. 42. The date of the beginning of his reign is put at A.D. 667 or 700.

ACOLHUACAN, 40, 91, 119. A compound of _atl_, water, and _colhuacan_, (q. v.) = "Colhuacan by the water," the name of the state of which Tetzcuco was the capital, in the valley of Mexico.

ACOLMIZTLAN, 89, from

ACOLMIZTLI, 35. A name of Nezahualcoyotl (see p. 35), also of other warriors.

ANAHUAC, 125. From _atl_, water, _nahuac_, by, = the land by the water. The term was applied first to the land by the lakes in the Valley of Mexico, and later to that along both the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

ATECPAN, 77. "The royal residence by the water" (_atl, tecpan_). I do not find this locality mentioned elsewhere.

ATLIXCO, 125. "Where the water shows its face" (_atl, ixtli, co_). A locality southeast of Tezcuco, near the lake, so called from a large spring. See Motolinia, _Historia de los Indios_, Trat. III, cap. 18.

ATLOYANTEPETL, 85, 89, 91. Perhaps for _atlauantepetl_, "the mountain that rules the waters." But see note to XIII, v. 6.

ATZALAN, 114. "Amid the waters" (_atl, tzalan_). Perhaps not a proper name; but two villages in the present State of Puebla are called Atzala (see Orozco y Berra, _Geografia de las Lenguas de Mexico_, pp. 212, 213).

AXAXACATZIN, 43. Probably for _axayacatzin_, reverential of _axayacatl_, the name of a species of marsh fly. It was also the name of the sixth ruler of Mexico (flor. about 1500), and doubtless of other distinguished persons. See Ixtlilxochitl, _Historia Chichimeca_, cap. 51.

AZCAPOTZALCO, 50, 51. An ancient town in the valley of Mexico, once the capital city of the Tepanecas (q. v.). The word means "place of the ant-hills," from _azcaputzalli_.

AZTECS, 25. A Nahuatl tribe who derived their name from their mythical ancient home, Aztlan. The derivation is obscure, but probably is from the same radical as _iztac_, white, and, therefore, Father Duran was right in translating Aztlan, "place of whiteness," the reference being to the East, whence the Aztecs claim to have come. See Duran, _Historia de las Indias_, cap. II.

CACAMATL, 94, 95. The reference appears to be to Cacamatzin (the _Noble Sad One_, from _cacamaua_, fig. to be sad), last ruler of Tezcuco, son and successor, in 1516, of Nezahualpilli. He was put to death by Cortes.

CATOCIH, 89. A doubtful word, which may not be a proper name.

CHALCO, 16, 69, 95. A town and lake in the valley of Mexico. The people were Nahuas and subject to Mexico. The word is probably derived from _Challi_, with the postpos. _co_, meaning "at the mouth" (of a river). See Buschmann, _Ueber die Aztekischen Ortsnamen_, s. 689, and comp. _Codex Ramirez_, p. 18.

CHIAPA, CHIAPANECA, 70, 71. The province and inhabitants of Chiapas, in Southern Mexico. There were colonies of Nahuas in Chiapas, though most of the natives spoke other tongues. The derivation is probably from _chia_, a mucilaginous seed highly esteemed in Mexico.

CHICHIMECATL or CHICHIMECS, 88, 89, 91, 101. A rude hunting tribe, speaking Nahuatl, who settled, in early times, in the valley of Mexico. The name was said to be derived from _chichi_, a dog, on account of their devotion to hunting (_Cod. Ramirez_). Others say it was that of their first chieftain.

CHICOMOZTOC, 88, 89. "At the seven caves," the name of the mythical locality from which the seven Nahuatl tribes derived their origin. The _Codex Ramirez_ explains the seven caves to mean the seven houses or lineages (totems) of which the nation consisted.

CHILILITLI, 36. Name of a tower of sacred import. It is apparently a compound of _chia_ or _chielia_, to watch, and _tlilli_, blackness, obscurity, hence "a night watch-tower." It was probably used for the study of the sky at night.

CHIMALPOPOCA, 43. "The smoking shield," from _chimalli_, shield, and _popoca_. The name of several distinguished warriors and rulers in ancient Mexico.

CHOLULA or CHOLOLLAN, 105. Name of a celebrated ancient state and city. From _choloa_, with the probable meaning, "place of refuge," "place of the fugitives."

CIHUAPAN, 41. Name of a warrior, otherwise unknown. From _cihuatl_, woman, _pan_, among, with.

COATZITEUCTLI, 89. A name compound of _coatzin_, reverential form of _coatl_, serpent, and _teuctli_, lord.

COLHUA, A people of Nahuatl affinity, who dwelt in ancient times in the valley of Mexico. See _Colhuacan_.

COLHUACAN, 88, 89, 91. A town in the valley of Mexico. In spite of the arguments to the contrary, I believe the Colhua were of Nahuatl lineage, and that the name is derived from _colli_, ancestor; _colhuacan_, the residence of the ancestors; with this signification, it was applied to many localities. It must be distinguished from _Acolhuacan_. Its ikonomatic symbol was a hill bent over at the top, from _coloa_, to bend.

COLZAZTLI, 39. Probably for Coltzatztli, one who cries out or calls to the ancestors (_colli, tzatzia_). A chief whom I have not found elsewhere mentioned.

CONAHUATZIN, 41. A warrior not elsewhere mentioned. By derivation it means "noble son of the lord of the water" (_conetl, ahua, tzin_).

CUETZPALTZIN, 89. A proper name, from _cuetzpalli_, the 4th day of the month.

CUEXTLA, 33. A province of ancient Mexico. See Torquemada, _Monarquia Indiana_. Lib. II, caps. 53, 56.

CULTEPEC, 42. A village five leagues from Tezcuco, at the foot of the mountains. Deriv., _colli_, ancestor, _tepetl_, mountain or town, with post-pos. _c_; "at the town of the ancestors."

HUETLALPAN or HUETLAPALLAN, 89. The original seat of the mythical Toltecs. The name is a compound of _hue_, old, and _Tlapallan_, q. v.

HUEXOTZINCO, 50, 83, 91, 99, 113. An independent State of ancient Anahuac, south of Tlascala and west of Cholula. The name means "at the little willow woods," being a diminutive from _huexatla_, place of willows.

HUITLALOTZIN, 89. From _huitlallotl_, a species of bird, with the reverential termination. Name of a warrior.

HUITZILAPOCHTLI, 16. Tribal god of the Mexicans of Tenochtitlan. The name is usually derived from _huitzitzilin_, humming bird, and _opochtli_, left (_Cod. Ramirez_, p. 22), but more correctly from _huitztli_, the south, _iloa_, to turn, _opochtli_, the left hand, "the left hand turned toward the south," as this god directed the wanderings of the Mexicans southward. The humming bird was used as the "ikonomatic" symbol of the name.

HUITZILIHUITL, 89. "Humming-bird feather." Name of an ancient ruler of Mexico, and of other warriors.

HUITZNAHUACATL, 91. A ruler of Huexotlan (Clavigero); a member of the Huitznahua, residents of the quarters so called in Tezcuco and Tenochtitlan (Ixtlilxochitl, _Hist. Chichimeca_, cap. 38).

IXTLILXOCHITL, 35, 46, 89. A ruler of Acolhuacan, father of Nezahualcoyotl. Comp. _ixtli_, face, _tlilxochitl_, the vanilla (literally, the black flower).

IZTACCOYOTL, 89, 93. "The white wolf." Name of a warrior otherwise unknown.

MEXICANS, 67, 83, 85, 87, 123, 125. See

MEXICO, 83, 123. Name of the town and state otherwise called Tenochtitlan. _Mexitl_ was one of the names of the national god Huitzilopochtli, and Mexico means "the place of Mexitl," indicating that the city was originally called from a fane of the god.

MICTLAN, 95, 117, 119. The Mexican Hades, literally, "the place of the dead."

MONTEZUMA, 14, 41, 113. The name of the ruler of Mexico on the arrival of Cortes. The proper form is _Moteuhzomatzin_ or _Motecuhzomatzin_, and the meaning, "he who is angry in a noble manner." ("señor sañudo," _Cod. Ramirez_, p. 72; "qui se fache en seigneur," Siméon, _Dict. de la Langue Nahuatl_, s. v.).

MOQUIHUIX, 33. The fourth ruler of Tlatilolco. He assumed the power in 1441, according to some writers (Bustamente, _Tezcoco, en los Ultimas Tiempos de sus Antiguos Reyes_, p. 269). The name probably means "He who comes forth a freeman." See Ixtlilxochitl, _Historia Chichimeca_, caps. 36, 51.

NACXITL TOPILTZIN, 105, 107. Nacxitl, "the four footed" (_nahui, ixitl_), was the name of one of the gods of the merchants (Sahagun, _Hist, de Nueva España_, Lib. I, c. 19). In the song it is applied to Quetzalcoatl, who was also regarded as a guardian of merchants.

NAHUATL, (9, etc.). A term applied to the language otherwise known as Aztec or Mexican. As an adjective it means "well-sounding," or, pleasant to the ear. From this, the term _Nahua_ is used collectively for all tribes who spoke the Nahuatl tongue. _Nahuatl_ also means clever, skillful, and the derivation is probably from the root _na_, to know.

NECAXECMITL, 46. Name of uncertain meaning of a person otherwise unknown.

NEZAHUALCOYOTL, 35, 67, 119. Chief of the Acolhuas, and ruler in Tezcuco from 1427 to 1472, or thereabouts. He was a distinguished patron of the arts and a celebrated poet. See p. 35, et seq.

NEZAHUALPILLI, or NEZAHUALPIZINTLI, 14, 125. Ruler of Acolhuacan, son of Nezahualcoyotl. His accession is dated in 1470 or 1472.

NONOHUALCO, 105, 125. Name of one of the quarters of the ancient city of Mexico; also of a mountain west of the valley of Mexico. The derivation is probably from _onoc_, to lie down; _onohua_, to sleep; _onohuayan_, a settled spot, an inhabited place. The _co_ is a postposition.

NOPAL or NOPALTZIN, 46. Ruler of Acolhuacan, A. D. 1260-1263, according to some chronologies. The name is from _nopalli_, the cactus or opuntia.

NOPILTZIN, 67, 91. "My son," or "my lord," a term of deference applied to superiors, from _pilli_, which means son and also lord, like the old English _child_. Cf. _Topiltzin_.

OTOMIS, 16, 49, 58, 64, 71, 95. A nation which inhabited a portion of the valley of Mexico and region adjacent, entirely dissimilar in language and appearance from the Nahuas. The etymologies suggested are unsatisfactory.

POPOCATEPETL, 46. "The smoking mountain," the name of a famous volcano rising from the valley of Mexico.

POYAUHTECATL, 105. A volcano near Orizaba (Sahagun. _Hist. de Nueva España_, Lib. I, cap. 21). Derived from _poyaua_, to color, to brighten.

QUANTZINTECOMATZIN, 41. A warrior not otherwise known. The name is a double reverential, from _quani_, eater, and _tecomatl_, vase, "The noble eater from the royal dish."

QUAUHQUECHOLLAN, 95. A village and plain near the southern base of Popocatepetl. It means "the place of the quechol woods," or the trees among which quechol birds are found. See Motolinia, _Historia de los Indios_, Trat. III, cap. 18.

QUAUHXILOTL, 89. Name of a large tree, and applied to a warrior, ruler of Iztapallocan, whom Ixtlilxochitl, King of Tezcuco, placed at the head of his troops in his war with Tezozomoc. See Clavigero, _Storia Antica di Messico_, Tom. I, p. 185.

QUETZALCOATL, 32, 143, 144. See note on p. 143.

QUETZALMAMATZIN, 91. Name of a warrior, "the noble one of the beautiful hands" (_quetzalli, mama_, pl. of _maitl_, and rev. term, _tzin_). Perhaps the same as Quetzalmemalitzin, ruler of Teotihuacan, mentioned by Ixtlilxochitl, _Historia Chichimeca_, cap. 35.

QUIAUHTZIN, 93. Name of a warrior, "The noble rain" (_quiauitl, tziri_).

TENOCHTITLAN, 85. The current name for the City of Mexico; literally, "at the stone-nopal," from _tetl_, stone, _nochtli_, nopal, and postpos., _tlan_. The term refers to an ancient tradition.