CHAPTER V.

MODERN WOODEN SAILING-SHIPS 112

APPENDIX

DESCRIPTION OF AN ARCHAIC GREEK BIREME 157

INDEX 161

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG. PAGE

*1. EGYPTIAN SHIP OF THE PUNT EXPEDITION. ABOUT 1600 B.C. _From Der-Bahari_ _Frontispiece_

2. THE OLDEST KNOWN SHIPS. ABOUT 6000 B.C. 10

3. EGYPTIAN BOAT OF THE TIME OF THE THIRD DYNASTY 11

+4. EGYPTIAN BOAT OF THE TIME OF THE FOURTH DYNASTY 13

*5. NILE BARGE CARRYING OBELISKS. ABOUT 1600 B.C. 20

6. BATTLESHIP OF RAMSES III. ABOUT 1200 B.C. 24

7. PORTION OF A PHOENICIAN GALLEY. ABOUT 700 B.C. _From Kouyunjik (Nineveh)_ 27

8. GREEK UNIREME. ABOUT 500 B.C. 30

9. GREEK BIREME. ABOUT 500 B.C. 31

10. FRAGMENT OF A GREEK GALLEY SHOWING ABSENCE OF DECK. ABOUT 550 B.C. 32

11. GALLEY SHOWING DECK AND SUPERSTRUCTURE. ABOUT 600 B.C. _From an Etruscan imitation of a Greek vase_ 34

12. GREEK MERCHANT-SHIP. ABOUT 500 B.C. 39

13. ROMAN MERCHANT-SHIP 40

+14. PROBABLE ARRANGEMENT OF OAR-PORTS IN ANCIENT GALLEYS 48

15. SUGGESTED ARRANGEMENT OF OAR-PORTS IN AN OCTOREME 48

16. ROMAN GALLEY. ABOUT 110 A.D. 49

17. LIBURNIAN GALLEY. CONJECTURAL RESTORATION 50

18. STEM AND STERN ORNAMENTS OF GALLEYS 52

19. BOW OF ANCIENT WAR-GALLEY 53

20. BOW OF ANCIENT WAR-GALLEY 54

21. ANGLO-SAXON SHIP. ABOUT 900 A.D. 57

22-26. VIKING SHIP 60

27. ONE OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR'S SHIPS. 1066 A.D. 66

*28. SANDWICH SEAL. 1238 71

*29. DOVER SEAL. 1284 72

*30. POOLE SEAL. 1325 75

31. VENETIAN GALLEY. FOURTEENTH CENTURY 78

32. CROSS-SECTION OF A VENETIAN GALLEON 79

33. VENETIAN GALLEON. 1564 80

34. ITALIAN SAILING-SHIP. FIFTEENTH CENTURY 81

35. ENGLISH SHIP. TIME OF RICHARD II. 81

36. ENGLISH SHIP. TIME OF HENRY VI. 83

37. ENGLISH SHIP. LATTER HALF OF FIFTEENTH CENTURY 86

38. COLUMBUS' SHIP, THE "SANTA MARIA." 1492 87

39. SAIL-PLAN OF THE "SANTA MARIA" 88

40. LINES OF THE "SANTA MARIA" 91

41. THE "HENRY GRACE A DIEU." 1514. _Pepysian Library, Cambridge_ 93

42. THE "HENRY GRACE A DIEU." _After Allen_ 94

43. GENOESE CARRACK. 1542 96

44. SPANISH GALLEASS. 1588 97

45. ENGLISH MAN-OF-WAR. ABOUT 1588 102

46. VENETIAN GALLEASS. 1571 103

47. THE "PRINCE ROYAL." 1610 105

48. THE "SOVEREIGN OF THE SEAS." 1637 109

49. THE "ROYAL CHARLES." 1673 113

50. THE "SOLEIL ROYAL." 1683 115

51. THE "HOLLANDIA." 1683 116

52. BRITISH SECOND-RATE. 1665 119

53. MIDSHIP SECTION OF A FOURTH-RATE. END OF SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 120

54. THE "FALMOUTH." EAST INDIAMAN. LAUNCHED 1752 124

55. THE "ROYAL GEORGE." 1746 127

56. THE "COMMERCE DE MARSEILLE. 1792 130

57. BRITISH FIRST-RATE. 1794 132

58. " " " 133

59. HEAVY FRENCH FRIGATE OF 1780 134

60. " " " 135

61. THE "HOWE." 1815 136

62. SIR ROBERT SEPPINGS' SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION 138

63. " " " " " 139

64. " " " " " 140

65. THE "WATERLOO" 141

66. THE "QUEEN" 143

*67. THE "THAMES." EAST INDIAMAN. 1819 144

*68. THE "THETIS." WEST INDIAMAN 146

*69. FREE-TRADE BARQUE 148

++70. THE "BAZAAR." AMERICAN COTTON-SHIP. 1832 149

++71. THE "SIR JOHN FRANKLIN." AMERICAN TRANSATLANTIC SAILING-PACKET. 1840 151

++72. THE "OCEAN HERALD." AMERICAN CLIPPER. 1855 152

++73. THE "GREAT REPUBLIC." AMERICAN CLIPPER. 1853 154

74. ARCHAIC GREEK BIREME. ABOUT 800 B.C. 158

The illustrations marked * are published by kind permission of the Committee of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Those marked + are taken from "The History of Merchant Shipping and Ancient Commerce," and were kindly lent by Messrs. Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd. Those marked ++ are reproduced from "La Marine Francaise de 1792 a nos jours," by l'Amiral Paris.

ANCIENT AND MODERN SHIPS.