Chapter 4

The imperative for the most parte is ever lyke the verbe present tensis of the indicatyve moode, leavyng the fyrst persone and puttyng the pronowne after the verbe, for it differs nat: save in the thyrde persone synguler, and plurell nombre of some verbes, as _jay_, whiche doth make in the thirde person synguler, _il a_; and the thirde persone of the imperatyve is _quil ayt_, or _ayt cil_, ou _celuy_; and lykewyse of _scay_. But of the moste parte of others, it is lyke the present, leavyng the fyrst persone, whiche is nat in the imperatyve synguler nombre, as in this verbe _jaime_, _tu aime_, _il aime_, _nous aimons_, _uous aimes_, _ilz aiment_; which his present is that is a lyke in the imperatyve, leavynge the fyrst persone, sayeng _aime tu_, _aime cil_, _aimons nous_, _aimes uous_, _quilz aiment_; puttyng ever the pronowne after the verbe.

The sayde imperatyve hath two futures, the tone affyrmatyve, and the tother negatyve, whiche have evermore these frenche wordes going before do, kepe, se, every person: _faitz_, _garde_, _voy_, Se that thou speke; loke that he move nat; as in this example: _Voy que tu parle_; _garde quil ne se meuue_; _prenons garde que nous ne mouuons_, _que vous ne mouues_; _prenez garde quilz ne se meuuent_; and lykewise of the affyrmative, leavyng this worde _ne_.

THE OPTATYVE.

After the olde grammer was wonte to be all one with his preterit imperf. but we shall make hym different from hym, puttyng before the verbe this worde _oh_, or _je vous prie_, sayeng, _oh que je boiue_, _je te prie que tu boiue_, etc.

The sayd optatyve hath thre preterites, that is to say, imperf., parfyte, and plusperf., puttynge alwayes _a ma uoullente_, or _plust a Dieu_ before the verbe. The preterit imperf. is moost termyned in _usse, inse_, and in _asse_, whiche may serve lykewyse for the present, as in these verbes: _Pleust à Dieu que jaimasse_; _a ma uoullente que tu me congneusse_; _pleust a Dieu que tu prinsses courage_. The parfyte is moche lyke the preterit indiffynityve of the indicatyve, as a _ma uoullente que jaie aimé_. The plus perfyt hath ever this verbe _jeusse_ (I had) before hym, as _jeusse aimé_, _jeusse dit_, etc. His presente doth serve for his future, addyng either _tantost_ or _demain_, sayeng _pleust a Dieu que je uoise demain auec uous; a ma uoullente que deuiegne bon, a ma uoullente quil soit tantost corrige_.

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THE SUBJUNCTIVE OR CONJUNCTIVE.

The conjunctive is lyke the optative in his present and preterittes, save that we say in stede of _pleust a Dieu, a ma uoullente; sy, come, quant,_ or _ueu_, sayeng for the present, _sy je fuisse maintenant, comme jay congneu, quant jeusse sentu._

The sayd conjunctyve hath two futures, the tone hath alwayes this worde _mais_, goyng before the verbe, as _mais que je soie joieulz_, etc.

The tother is borowed of the potenciall mode, and hath for his termynation, _roy, rois, roit: rions, ries, roient_, as _jaimeroie, tu aimerois, il aimeroit, nous aimerions, uous aimeries, ilz aimeroient;_ and likewyse of all others. The termination of the infinityve shall appere in the verbes here after folowyng, wherfore in eschewyng prolixite, I will no further speke of it. The preterit must ever have this verbe infynityve moode: _auoir_, before hym, as _auoir parlé, auoir dit, auoir mordz_, etc.

The gerundyve is formed of the infinityve, and of the participle present tensis, as _de parler, pour conferer, en communicant_, etc. The overthrowen or supins which ben called _reuerses_, ye shall ever put the preterit parfit or the second futur of the conjunctive before him, sayeng: _je te uoulsisse_, or _je te uouldroye bien aimé de Dieu_, etc.

A RULE FOR TO MAKE PARTICIPLES, ADVERBES AND NOWNES OF THE VERBES FOLOWYNGE.

All maner verbes infinitive mode endyng in _er_, takyng the _r_ away, ye have the preterit masculin, and addyng an _e_ to the _é_ that remaine, ye have the participle feminin of the preterit tensis, as in this verbe _enseigner_, take away the _r_, ye have _enseigné_, which is masculin, and addyng another _e_ to it, ye have _enseignée_, which is the preterit feminin, soundyng the first _e_ as a uowel, and if ye adde _ment_ to it, ye shal have _enseignement_, which is an adverbe, and puttyng both _es_ away, and addyng _ant_, ye have the participle present, whiche is _enseignant_, and this rule is generall for the termination.

Also all verbes endyng in _ir_, as _uenir_, and such as come of him must al change _ir _in _u_ for the preterit masculyn, and addyng an _e _to the sayd _u_ for the feminin. Exemple for the masculin, if ye take _ir_ away from _uenir, tenir, souuenir, soubstenir, maintenir_, and adde _u_ for it, ye shall have, _uenu, tenu, souuenu, maintenu_, and addyng an _e_ to it, ye shall have the feminin, whiche

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be, _uenue, tenue, souuenue, maintenue_, etc. and if ye put away the sayd _u_ and _e_, and put _ant_ for it, ye shall have the participle present tensis, as _uenant, tenant, souuenant, maintenant_. There ben other verbes ending in _ir_, whiche must chaunge the _r_ in _e_ for the feminin, and without the _e_ for the masculin, as _benir_, take away the _r_, ye have _beny_, which is preterit masculin, and adde an _e_ to it, ye have _benie_, whiche is the feminin, and lykewyse of _bannir, banni, bannie; rauy, rauie_, and adding _ssant_ to the masculin, ye have _banissant, benissant, rauissant. Mourir_ and _querir_ must be excepted: for _mourir_ hath _mort_ for his masculyn, and _morte_ for the femynyn, and _querir, quis_ and _quise; mourant_ and _querant_ for the participle present tense.

Also those wherof the infynityve termyne or ende in _tre_, or in _dre_, the _e_ beyng a consonant, as _batre, abatre, combatre, rabatre, debatre: pendre, fendre, deffendre, tendre, rendre, uendre_, must all chaunge _re_ in _u_ for the masculyn, sayeng _batu, abatu, combatu, pendu, fendu, deffendu, uendu, tondu_, addyng an _e_ to it for the femynyn, sayeng _batue, uendue, fendue, tondue_; ye must except _prendre_ with all his dirivatives, and make _pris, prise; repris, reprise; compris, comprise; mespris, mesprise_. There ben other that ende in _e_, as _mectre_, with all that of hym ben diryvate; whiche must folowe the sayd rule, as _permis, permise; mis, mise; demis, demise; commis, commise; promis, promise; remis, remise; compris_, etc. and bycause they be noted for the most parte among the Catalogue of verbes, and howe ye shall fourme lykewyse both nownes and adverbes: and also that it is harde for to fynde a rule generall and infallyble, I do here termyne the sayde rules.

HERE AFTER FOLOWETH SOME VERBES AFTER THE LETTERS OF THE _A, B, C_.

A.

to cast downe abattre

to barke abaier

to stoupe abaisser

to araye abiller

to bourde aborder

to water abruuer

to make a fole or beest abestir

to abuse abuser

to leane the backe adosser

to distroy abolir

to make swete adoulcir

to dresse or to order addouber

to warne aduertir

to touche adeser

to auowe aduouer

to wyne or to adde adjouter

to swere adjurer

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to go out of the way adirer

to clyppe accoller

to pacifye accoyser

to tryme a woman achesmer

to agre accorder

to aquent accoynter

to gader accumuler

to bow downe, croked accroper

to accepte accepter

to bye acheter

to harken accoupter

to certyfye acertener

to cache with a hoke acrocher

to directe adrecer

to mynister administrer

to ordre at pleasure affaitter

to make one lame affoller

to make sharpe affiler

to put on a mantel affubler

to make fast affycher

to make feble affoyblir

to make fre affranchir

to dresse agencer

to tache with a hoke aggrapper

to make more greuous aggrauer

to tache aggripper

to knele agenouller

to flatter alechier

to cherysshe aloser

to gader amasser

to wrappe amallotter

to tye amarer

to wake ambuler

to leade amener

to mende amender

to love aimer

to make lesse amaindrir

to make softe amollir

to make leane amesgrir

to make smale amenuser

to heape amonceler

to drye adurer

to arnat or prepare aourner

to gyve sucke allaiter

to kyndel alumer

to alter alterer

to waste anuller

to anounce anoncer

to appere apparoistre

to pacify apaiser

to aparel appareiller

to call appeller

to perceyve apercepuoir

to make redy aprester

to learne aprendre

to flatre with myrth aploudir

to aproche aprocher

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to waxe poore apourir

to tame apriuoiser

to appoint apointer

to leane upon appuier

to go before anticiper

to make propre aproprier

to assemble assembler

to assigne assigner

to assure asseurer

to kyl with a clubbe assommer

to fulfyl assouuir

to make one bownde asseruir

to assople assouldre

to make sadde assoupir

to invade assailir

to consent assentir

to flatter assotir

to make to swere assermenter

to make subget assubgetter

to resemble assimuller

to fall in company associer

to helpe assister

to reste a man arester

to enquere one araisonner

to come or to lande arriuer

to ronde or go about arondir

to water or sparcle water arrouser

to fal in the company arouter

to tye atacher

to tary or abyde attendre

to dresse atourner

to catche subtelly attraper

to hitte or ouertake attaindre

to reche auaindre

to take hede auiser

to go about auironner

to auance auancer

to have auoir

to gyve auctorite auctoriser

to somen adjourner

to dawne ajourner

to jeopard aduenturer

to swalow or go downe aualler

B

to bete battre

to buylde baatir

to cast butter upon rost bastir

to banysshe bannir

to bast the roste bassér

to stoupe baissér

to kysse baisér

to mocke bauér

to barre a dore barrér

to barter baretér

to gape beer

to gape ll. basllier

to blote ll. barbouller

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to bable lyke a duck barbottér

to plee the fole baguenauder

to beate at ars bacculer

to shake a sworde brandir

to brew brassér

to bragge braguér

to stutte begguér

to ete lyke a gote broutér

to brawle or to wage bransler

to rocke the cradel berchér

to hunt beres bersér

to blysse benir

to begge belistrér

to bourde or jape bourdér

to bathe baignér

to put bouttér

to crye or wepe braire

to breke briser

to speke fayre blandir

to juste behourdér

to bargayne barguignér

to blame blasmer

to swere blasphemér

to yexe ll. balliér

to bable ll. babillér

to swepe baliér

to stut balbutér

to lyspe besguér

to shave barbiér

to blasonne blassonnér

to drinke boire

to eate gredely briffér

to springe bourjonér

to budde bouttonnér

to set a broche brochér

to bridel brider

to worke besongnér

to blotte broullér

to bribe briber

to hurte blesser

to sethe or boyle boullonner

to delve bescher

to tourne away bestourner

to dounse balloyer

to cut busshes buissoner

to burne brusler

to stutte brettonner

to brunishe brunir

C

to play at cardes carder

to trifle cabasser

to hide cacer

to breke casser

to hunte chasser

to spit cracer

to chope brede chapler

to clatter caqueter

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to rele chanceler

to shake canceler

to tickel catouller

to danse caroler

to cloute showes carler

to charme charmer

to hewe charpenter

to carie charier

to put on hoses chausser

to caffe or warme chauffer

to charge charger

to do reverence chaproner

to over charge crauenter

to cherisshe cherir

to shyfte cheuir

to geder ceullier

to certify certifier

to walke cheminer

to somme citer

to tame cicurer

to take right away ciffrer

to cleyme clamer

to shit clore

to halte clocer

to cover couurir

to guyde conduire

to knowe congnoistre

to runne courrir

to counsell consellér

to ronne togider concourrir

to correcte corrigér

to speke togider conferér

to situat colloquér

to stoupe coytir

to constrayne cohercér

to reduce narowly coartér

to confounde confoundre

to go about costoiér

to compasse compasser

to nayle clouér

to contryve controuuér

to whelpe chiennér

to tourne to a purpose conuertir

to reken comptér

to comprehende comprendre

to strive contendre

to make composér

to compile compilér

to discerne concernér

to kepe conseruér

to comaunde comandér

to fortyfe corroborér

to constrayne contraindre

to graunt consentir

to suffre comportér

to forgyve condonnér

to conceyve concepuoir

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as liker throw a cloth coulér

to corrumpe or corrupt corompre

to shrive confessér

to deffende cohibér

to conforte confortér

to ayde consoler

to be ydel connuér

to be suerte caucionér

to sowe coudre

to resyste contrestér

to lye couchér

to beshitte conchiér

to winke clignér

to drede craindre

to feare crennir

to burste creuér

to farte or to burste crepitér

to afferme creancér

to crye criér

to bake cuire

to smarte cuyre

D

to dampne damnér

to danse dansér

to date dattér

to cast a dart darder

to aske demander

to pay the costes deffroiér

to disconfit desconfire

to defende deffendre

to unnayle desclouér

to owe debuior

to debate debatre

to overcome debellér

to juge decidér

to begile defraudér

to go out of the way desuoiér

to denye deniér

to spende despendre

to unhange despendre

to dye deuiér

to purpose deliberér

to unbynde desliér

to devore deuorér

to take away destituér

to distrempe destrempér

to disloge deslogér

to deuine deuinér

to bacbite detractér

to deceyve decepuoir

to gyve sentence determinér

to discusse desrainér

to distroy desmollir

to distourbe destourber

to untrusse destroussér

to deliver deliurér

to unneste deuisér

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to prejudice deroguer

to put of rementes ll. despoullér

to disprayse desprisér

to devise deuisér

to come downe descendre

to unfolde desuelopér

to deprave deprauér

to put downe deprimér

to make fowle deturpér

to unknowe descognoistre

to forsake delaissér

to devoure deglubér

to sease desistér

to robbe desrobér

to go out of order desreglér

to temper destrempér

to unbridel desbridér

to discharge deschargér

to discorde descordér

to put downe desmectre

to denye sayeng desdire

to put out deboutér

to uncover descouurir

to take away lande desterrér

to disenherite desheritér

to breke faste desunér

to distroy destruire

to dishonoure deshonorér

to defyle deflorér

to go from merite desmeritér

to unpurvey despourueoir

to rele desuidér

to discorage descoragér

to put out of the place desloquér

to distroy the people depopulér

to take awaye maydenhed despucelér

to spoyle despredér

to set forth and go back desmarchér

to unbende a crosbowe descochér

to clatter out descliquér

to unhose deschaussér

to spoyle despouller

to unbende desbendér

to unlace deslachér

to make myrth as byrdes degoiger

to deserve deseruir

to delate delater

to distroy dissiper

to dispute discepter

to dispence dispenser

to say dire

to have lordeshippe dominer

to gyve donnér

to slepe dormir

to tame domptér

to display despliér

to unarme desarmér

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E

to sporte esbatre

to bashe esbahir

to be bawlde esbaudir

to blusshe esblouir

to here or harken escoutér

to set upon the spit embrochér

to teche endoctrinér

to kepe skowte wache eschauguetér

to scarche esgratignér

to make softe emollir

to wexe harde endurcir

to wrappe enfardeler

to folde up enueloper

to put in the ovyn enfourner

to esteme esmér

to cromme esmiér

to spare espargnér

to sparcle espardre

to sparcle about esparpilliér

to enforce enforcér

to hunt away enchassér

to lyghten esclarcir

to hyde away esconsér

to eschewe escheoir

to shake of excutér

to bringe to passe executér

to be delivered of a childe enfantér

to breke enfraindre

to sinke enfondrér

to sinke enfonsér

to set togider narowly enferrer

to go out of the way escartér

to put or blot out effacer

to go out of the way egarér

to waxe great engrossir

to move esmouuoir

to clyppe enbracér

to lyght esclerér

to scape eschappér

to skyrmysshe escarmuchér

to quarter escartelér

to mocke escharmir

to make afrayde espouentér

to be marveyled esmerueillér

to gete corage esuertuér

to prove esprouuér

to spurre esperonnér

to understande entendre

to cancre ll. enrouillér

to waxe madde enragér

to waxe riche enrichir

to breake entamer

to put in prison emprisonnér

to grynde esmouldre

to stoupe estoupér

to sette at large eslargir

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to sette up erigér

to exalte exaltér

to styre one exagitér

to put out of order exorbitér

to be buse exercitér

to take without ryght extorquér

to distroy exterminér

to excuse excusér

to shake of escussér

to say nay escondire

to declare explicquér

to declare epiloquér

to go about enuironnér

to serche nygh expliquér

to poyson empoysonnér

to wrappe entortillér

to flee escorchér

to spye espiér

to pluc away esraciér

to hope esperér

to enmayle esmaillér

to stere out the brain esceruelér

to clene the nose esmouchér

to waxe a slepe endormir

to wake esueillér

to invade empaindre

to press on espraindre

to kyndle esprendre

to teche enseignér

to launch a bote esquipér

to shake escourre

to set a thyng in the wynde esuentér

to drye uppe essuer

to be abasshed estonnér

to put liker in a vessel entonnér

to put in the case estuyér

to quenche estaindre

to stablisshe establir

to strive estriuér

to sparcle estincilér

to inforce enforcér

to take corage encouragér

to encrease encroistre

to set a stringe upon a bowe encorder

to write escripre

to curse escomunier

to undertake enprendre

to undertake entreprendre

to stretche estendre

to tye with a chayne enchainér

to close enclore

to mete encontrér

to borowe empruntér

to bury ensepuelir

to move esmouuoir

to waxe riche enrichir

to put in the grounde enterrér

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to stanche estancer

to lede away enmener

to eschew euitér

to set upon a hepe entassér

to cut entaillér

to folow ensuiuir

to dye espirér

to kyndle esprendre

to lette empeschér

to enbrace embrachér

to make thicke espessir

to ladle espuisér

to bere away emportér

to exorte enortér

to nese estrenuér

to sende enuoiér

to scratche esgratignér

to geve the first hansel estrinér

to stoppe estanchér

to pluck up parforce enrachér

to kyndle embrasér

to waxe fayre embellir

to spotte with myre embouér

to beshytte embrenér

to scalde eschaudér

to chaffe eschauffér

to pluc from the shelle eschallér

to make worse empirér

to set in presse empressér

to except exceptér

to banishe exillér

to breke a dere euiscerér

F

to talke fabulér

to forge fabricquér

to go about nought fatroullér

to fantesy fantasiér

to mow faulchér

to penetre faussér

to make false falsifiér

to fayle faillir

to do faire

to paint as women do farder

to wrappe fardeler

to play or mocke farcér

to stuffe mete farsir

to feyne faindre

to facion a thynge fassonnér

to helpe fauorisér

to make one wery facér

to fawne faonnér

to swadel fachér

to make fertil fecondér

to cleve fendre

to strike ferir

to make hay fenér

to make feste festoiér

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to put the levain fermenter

to show horses ferrér

to shytt fermér

to forme or shape figurér

to spinne filér

to kasten a thynge on the grounde fichér

to congele foitir

to melte fondre

to forge forger

to hurte or to dresse cloth fouller

to serche ll. fouller

to furre fourrer

to provaile fourboullir

to go out of the way fouruier

to waxe madde forsener

to be killed with tempest fouldroier

to play the fole folloier

to confort a membre with a bathe fomenter

to donge fienter

to lay out fonser

to shitte out forclore

to furbisshe fourbir

to banisshe forbanir

to forfect forfaire

to draw from another fortraire

to forswere forjurer

to scourge fouetter

to fly fouir

to fetche vitall fourrager

to go from the lyne forligner

to enforce forcer

to shape former

to use idel wordes flagorner

to flatter flatter

to smell flairer

to tormente flageller

to pipe flajoller

to wade flaistrir

to bow fleschir

to florisshe flourir

to haunte frequenter

to quake fremir

to frye fricquassér

to frye frire

to play the galant fringner

to shake of the ague frissonnér

to bruse froiér

to rubbe frotér

to breake froissér

to ronne away fouir

to assyst fulcir

to thretten fulminér

to fume fumér

to disceyve frustrér

G

to mocke gabér

to lay a wayes gagér

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to gage a vessell gaugér

to distroy any thyng garconnér

to kepe gardér

to garnysshe garnir

to graunt garantir

to galope a horse galloper

to lette blode garsér

to clatter garrulér

to waste gaistér

to rejoise gaudir

to make mery, or to prike gallér

to wynne gaigner

to lye downe gesir

to dresse gencér

to frese gellér

to turmente gehinér

to confesse gehir

to playne gemir

to double geminér

to tourne gerér

to discryve the world or therth geographer

to springe germiner

to eate as a glotton gourmander

to say meate gouster

to droppe goutter

to governe gouuerner

to parbreke gosiller

to barke as a fulmer glatir

to gleane glenner

to glorifye glorifier

to glose gloser

to folde togyder glomerer

to glew glutiner

to clawe grater

to grave or sculpe grauer

to noy greuer

to grese botes gresser

to hayle gresler

to sclyde ll. griller

to sclyde glisser

to scratche griffer

to grynne gn. grigner

to gryppe or to clyme gripper

to grudge gn. grongner

to curle as a cattle gruler

to heale guerir

to rewarde guerdonner

to forsake guerpir

to caste geler

to make warre guerroier

to complayne guermenter

to voyde guenchir

to lyfte up guinder

to gyde guyder

to watche guetter

to loke with one eye guigner

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H

to leave alone habandonner

to have plentie habonder

to cutte small hacher

to haunte hanter

to be sonne burnde hasler

to plucke up ll. haller

to rele threde hapler

to catche happer

to harpe herper

to hate hair

to pyke a quarell harceler

to pyke a quarell harier

to ryse up haulser

to play at dyce hasarder

to harborowe hebreger

to lodge hosteler

to harowe hercher

to ney as a horse hennir

to succede to heritage heriter

to move hobber

to be wery hoder

to spotte honnir

to make one ashame hontoier

to grudge gn. hongner

to put on botes houser

to wynde up housser

to calle hucher

to suppe humer

to humme huner

to stryke with horns hurter

to be meke humilier

to hurtel togider hurteler

to make a creste lyke a coke fighting hurer

to houle as a dogge huler

to set up the heres as a hedge dog herissonner

I

to boost jacter

to chatter as byrdes jargonner

to folowe imiter

to trouble infester

to say unto inferer

to injury injurier

to put upon inculquer

to call inciter

to bringe in introduire

to stablysh a bisshop introniser

to put in parforce intruser

to enquere interroguer

to teache instruire

to attempte inuestiguer

to finde inuenter

to make unhappe infortuner

to move instiguer

to reprove improperer

to wrappe intriguer

to sacrify immoler

Page 949

to invade inuader

to intoxicat infectioner

to be importunat importuner

to require implorer

to call inuocquer

to gete impetrer

to put on imputer

to jeopart ingerer

to inspire inspirer

[missing English verb] involver

to printe imprimer

to cal to inviter

to ordenne instituer

to let interpeller

to induce induire

to teche or bringe in introduire

to juste jouster

to play jouer

to joine joindre

to fast juner

to juge juger

to swere jurer

to justify justifier

to do justice justicier

to angre irriter

to winter iuerner

to go out issir

to cut the trouth juguler

to ronne upon one irruer

to use dronkenship iurongner

L

to labour labourer

to lace lacer

to lose or let go lascer

to provoke lacesser

to leave laisser

to wery lasser

to lance lancer

to stele larciner

to sile a wale lambroisser

to complayne lamenter

to drinke as a dogge lapper

to wepe larmoier

to wepe lacrimer

to stone to deth lapider

to larde larder

to lathe with lathes latter

to wache lauer

to lyke lescher

to lyfte leuer

to lure, as a hawke leurer

to tye lier

to fyle as a smyte limer

to deliver liurer

to rede lire

to here louer

to lawde loer

Page 950

to shine luire

to wrestell luiter

M

to chewe macher

to mary marier

to angre marir

to blaspheme maulgrier

to barguine marchander

to martir martirer

to martir martiriser

to mastry maistrier

to waxe leane maigrir

to worke as a mason massonner