Chapter 3

carnatyon dissymulation carnation

chaungeable changeant

pale pale darke colour pasle blesme obscur

deed colour horse flesshe coulleur morte cher de cheual

HERE FOLOWETH DYVERS REASONS WITH SOME STRANGE WORDES FOR INTRODUCTION OF THE FRENCHE TONGE.

Out sette the hevynesse of slepe vayne and longe, a quyete slepe Hors mis lentommissement du somne vain et long, ung taisible dormir

is right necessary and delycious. est tres necessaire et delicieus.

A man doutfull and suspect of jelous is sone converted and tounred Ung homme doubteus et soupeconeus est tost conuerty et tourné

in smerte. en cusancon.

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A man alredy luke warme in deedly hete, kyndled of angre and Homme desja tiéde en mortelle challeur, embrasé de eorous et

madde of dispayre. forsené de désespoir.

A goodly lady, meke, trymmed, currteyse: damosell stedfast, symple, Dame gaillarde, benigne, cointe, courtoise: damoiselle constant, symple,

chaste, shamefast and honest. chaste, pudique et honeste.

A woman dishonest, redy to fall, shamelesse, wanton, subtyle, paynted Femme impudicque, lubricque, affrontée, mignarde, affaitée, fardée

and disceyvable. et rusée.

A gyrle havyng laughyng eyes, full of swete promyse, bearyng wytnesse Une garce aiant yeulx riantz, plains de doulx promettre, faisant foy

of a wanton wyll. dung voulloir feminin.

He is worthy of prayse, whiche enforceth him to gete by vertue greater Il est digne de louenge, qui senforce dacquerer par vertu plus haulte

lyght, for of it to sparcle the beames through all the worlde. lucence pour en espandre les rais par tout le monde.

It is folly to set our trust in thynges whiche shall fall sythe that we knowe Cest folie de nous fier ez choses qui cherront puisque cognoissons

selfely the soveraygne lyghtnesse to be darked of a lyght cloude. neiz les souuerains resplendisseurs estre obscurciez dune legiere nuée.

O fortune, sorowe encreasyng, and slombryng all delyces with great blame O fortune, doulleur aggrauant, et soupissant tous delices, a grant tort

a body by a lytell immoderate colere, doth angre hymself agaynst une personne par ung petit de colere immoderée, se indigne contre

his frende, at the lest without a faute goyng before. son amy, au moins sans prealable offence.

It is shame to a noble person with his strength to darke his honour Cest honte a une noble personne selon sa force obscurcir son honneur

by his shame. par ses hontes.

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If the humayne inclynation, whiche is wont for the most parte to refuse that Se lhumaine propension, qui seult pour la plus part refuser ce

which one to him doth ministre for most necessary, is nat somwhat restrayned, quon luy administre pour plus necessaire nest aulcunement cohibée,

scante shalbe able in any scyence to profyte. a paine pourra en aulcune science prouffiter.

We be right nygh clevyng the one to the other, bycause of naturall Nous sommes de pres adherentes les ung des aultres, a cause de naturalle

inclynation, specially havyng symilytude of maners togyder. procliuité, signament aiantz confirmité de meurs ensemble.

Those whiche by dignyties ben shewed above others ought to then sample Ceulz qui par dignites sont prééminence par dessus les aultres deueroient selon

of God, to put downe their pride and highnesse. Dieu, rabaisser leur crestes et haultesses.

To do the contrary is an infortunate accident springyng of malyce, and Faire au contraire est ung fortuit accident procedant de malice, et

yeldyng a man right dull, wherfore for nat to be gainsayeng and rendant ung homme fort empos, pour quoy pour non estre restif et

refusyng good counsayle: it is farre better to sustayne a good quarell, oppugnant bon conseil, trope mieulx vault soubstenir bonne querelle,

than to yelde hymselfe in suche trouble. que de soy rendre en telle berelle.

Pronownes devyded by the sixe articles of declynation, both synguler and plurell nombre. And these that ende in _a_, as _ma, ta, sa, la,_ ben all feminyn. And all those that dothe ende in _on_, and in _e_, as _mon, ton, son; me, te, se, le,_ ben all masculyne. And _mien, tien, sien,_ synguler nombre and masculyn, _miens, tiens, siens; mes, tes, ses,_ plurell nombre and masculyn. _Mienne, tienne, sienne, singuler; miennes, tiennes, siennes,_ plurell nombre and feminyn. But there ben certayne names of the femynyn, whiche do requyre the pronownes masculyns that must be excepted, as _mon ame, mon hotesse,_ and suche lyke: where both _ame_ and _hotesse_ ben femynyn gender, and _mon_ he (she) masculyn. And _me, te, se,_ ben indifferent, as in these wordes: _il, (elle) sayth to me, he (she) saith to the, he (she) saith to him; me dit, il (elle) te dit, il (elle) se dit;_ where _me, te, se,_ serve

Page 924 bothe for the masculyn and femynin. I, of me, to me, at me, o me, _Je, de moy, a moy, a me, a moy, o moy_, for me, to me, of me. _pour moy, a moy, de moy._ our, we, ours; of ours, to us, by Plurell, _nos, nous, nostres; les nostres, a nous, par_ our. for Thou, of the, to the; by the: o thou, _nos. O nous, o nos, pour nous. Tu, de toy, a toy; par te, par toy: o tu, o toy:_ by the. your, you, of yours; to you, by your, o ye: by you. He _par toy._ Plurell, _vos, vous, des vostres; a vous, par vos, o vous: pour vous. Il_ she, he, him; that same the same, that same, that or this. They, they, _elle; cil, luy; celuy, celle, icelle, icelluy, cestuy, ceste. Ilz, ceulx, elles_, them, those. What, howe, which, the which, of whom, to have. _celles, icelles, eulz, iceulz. Que, qui, quel, lequel, laquelle, de qui, a cui,_ by whom, the whiche. My, myne: to my, of my, myne: for _par quel, quelz, laquelle, lesquelles. Mon, mien: a mon, de mon, mien: pour_ me, for my: for myne: o my, o myne, for me, for _me, pour mon: pour le mien, par le mien: o mon, o my, o mien: pour me, pour_ myne, for Plurell nombre, Thy, my, his: thy, my, his: _mien, pour mon. Mes, miens, mienne, miennes, Ta, ma, sa: tes, mes, ses:_ thyne, myne, his: _tiens, miens, siens: miennes, tiennes, siennes._

Example for the femynin:

_Ma mere, ma seur, ma maistresse, ma cousine:_ _Ta mere, ta seur, ta maistresse, ta cousine:_ _Sa mere, sa seur, sa maistresse, sa cousine:_ _La mere, la seur, la maistresse, la cousine._

Example howe the pronowne masculyne shal be applyed as _Mon pere, mon frere, mon maistre, mon cousin:_ _Ton pere, ton frere, ton maistre, ton cousin:_ _Son pere, son frere, son maistre, son cousin:_ _Le pere, le frere, le maistre, le cousin_, and _mes, tes, ses, les_, for bothe plurell.

Also there be two pronownes, that ben pronounced in french by syncopation, the same and that same: for the femynine: as _cestuy cy_ et _cestuy la: ceste cy_ et _ceste la:_ where ye shall take but the last syllable of them, sayeng _stuicy, stuyla: stecy, stela._

PREPOSITIONS.

Nyghe, nyghe: towarde, towarde: for, by, up, downe, above, under Pres, joucte: enuers, deuers: pour, par, sus, jus, dessus, dessoubz:

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afore, before, agaynst, with, to, to the, of the, of, at this syde, beyonde. auant, deuant, contre, en contre: auec, a, au, du, de, deça, dela.

CONJUNCTIONS.

If, if, and, Sy, se, et, etc.

Here foloweth the adverbes, and howe ye shall turn, and forme an adverbe from englisshe into frenche, and specially those that signifye qualities, takyng this syllable _ly_ from them, and addyng _ment_ for it, as in these wordes folowynge:

propre } parfaite } honeste } habondant } cordial } prompte } incessante } real } instante } due } ment commune } ly signant } competente } reuerente } decente } couarde } harde } loial } condicional } compendieuse }

OTHER ADVERBES IN GENERALL.

this day huy

all this day meshuy

in this day au jourdhuy

yester day hiér

before yester day auant hiér

the tother day lautre hiér

to morowe demain

the day after lendemain

after to morowe appres demain

from hens forth desormais

ones agayne derechief

from hens forth dicy en auant

from hens forwarde de la en auant

this yere ouan

al this yere mesouan

not long a gone nagaires

but lytel agone depuis nagare

{ lytel { petit { sith { lytel depuis { pou { { lytel { peu

of tyme de temps

anone tost

anone or sone tantost

incontynent incontinent

by and by cy pris cy mis

nowe maintenant

{ up { sus { now { here ore { ca { { there { la

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yere while orains

nowe ades

at this tyme a ceste heure

somtyme jadis

tyme paste temps fust

than lors

from than des lors

at that tyme alors

for that tyme pour lors

for all that toutesfois

alwayes toutteuoies

many tymes maintefois

oftentymes souuentefois

at somtyme a la fois

many tymes pluisieurs fois

betyme parfois

somtyme aulcunnefois

in the meane tyme endementiers

duryng the tyme entandis

whyle it was tandis

alwayes toudis

ever tousjours

never jamais

for ever a jamais

never syns oncques puis

never more oncques mais

than donques

at that tyme adonques

alredy desja

unto this jusques cy

unto that jusques la

moche moult

right or most tres

in maner de maniere

in so moche en tant

in the meane whyle entretant

duryng that tyme ce pendant

of maner de sorte

in maner en sorte

in a facyon en fachon

of facyon de fachon

in suche wyse tellement

as it was quellement

almost quasy

natwithstandyng nonobstant

withstandyng obstant

natwithstandyng non pourtant

nat neverthelesse non pourquant

neverthelesse neant mains

howbeit combien

all beit ja soit

as comme

howe, and howe moche comment

what quoy

to what a quoy

of what de quoy

in what en quoy

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for what pour quoy

upon what sur quoy

as what come quoy

selfely mesmement

farre loing

a longe whyle longuement

more late plus tard

to soone or tymely trop tempre

ADVERBES OF SWERYNG.

i, so ouy, sy

no, nay non, nenny

in earnes a certes

for earnes pour certes

of earnes de certes

in certayne a certain

for certayne pour certain

of certayne de certain

certaynly certainement

in trewth en uerité

in sothe en uray

for truthe pour uerité

for sothe pour uray

of truthe de uerité

of sothe de uray

trewly urayment

veritably veritablement

in my God en mon Dieu

in good lucke en bon omen

by the faith of par la foy de

fayre women belles femmes

I you assure je vous asseure

I promyse you je vous promectz

I certifye you je vous certifie

without any faute sans faulte

in my trewth en ma uerité

in my loyaltie en ma loyaulté

in my worthynesse en ma prudommie

by my holynesse par ma saincteté

trewe man preudhomme

trewe woman preude femme

yare so aincois ainsy

otherwyse aultrement

also aussy

quickely uitement

goodly bonnement

betyme tempre

tymely temprement

early matin

at the prick of day au point du jour

the dawing of the day a laube du jour

at the dayeng a lajourner

at the cockes crowynge au chant du coc

at pryme a prime

at thirde hour a heure de tierce

at noone a none

at mydde day a mydy

at evynsong a vespre

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at evenyng au soir

betwene lyght and dark entre chien et loup

at the sonne settynge a soleil couchant

at the nyght a la nuyt

at mydnyght a mie nuyt

at the day au jour

ADVERBES OF NOMBRES, WITH THEIR DIRIVATYVES, WHERE THE LONGEST OF TWO BEYNG LYKE IS FOR THE FEMYNYNE, AND THE TOTHER MASCULYNE: AND BOTHE OF ONE SIGNIFYCATION.

UNG I

fyrst, fyrst, emprent, premier

fyrstly, one premierment, ung, une

onely, evyn, unie, unicque, uniement, uny,

evenly, union, unie, uniement, unite,

of one voyce, of variable signification. uniuocque, equiuocque.

onely all onely seul, seulle, seulement, seullet,

solytary. seullette, solitaire.

DEUX II

seconde, seconde, deusiésme: second, seconde,

double, doubled, double, doublé, doublée,

doublenesse, dualité, duplicité, doublement,

secondary, parted in two. secondement, bipartit.

TROIS III

thyrde, thirdly, tiers, tierce, tiercement,

the thirde, troisiéme, trinité,

all one, ternil, triangle, triplicité, triple, terciane, tripartit.

QUATRE IIII

fourth, the fourth, quart, quarte, quatriesme,

fourthly, quartement, quaternité,

the fourth parte, square, quadril, quarré, quarrée,

foure cornarde, quadrangle,

foure double, a crosse way, quadruple, quarefour,

the quartayne, forthy, quartaine, quarantaine,

forthy or lent, lent. quadragesime, quaresme.

CINCQ V

fyfth, fyfthly, quint, quinte, quintement,

the fyfth, of fyve, cinquiesme, quintuplice,

pentecost, whit sonday. cinquesme.

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SIX VI

the sixte sixtely sixt, sixte, sixtement,

of sixe, sixe cornarde sextil, sextangle, sisiéme, sexagesime.

SEPT VII

the seventh seventhly, septiesme, septiesmement,

ones sevyn, in sevyn septaine, septuplice,

sevyn corners. septangle, septuagesime.

HUIT VIII

the eight huitaine, huitiésme huitiésmement

NEUF IX

the nynth nyne neuuiésme, neuuayne,

nynthly neuuiésmement

DIX X

tenne dix, disiésme,

is he that hath charge of x men. desinier, disayne.

ONSE XI

theleventh onsiéme onsaine.

DOUSE XII

twelfthly dousiéme, dousaine.

TRAISE XIII

the thirtenth traisiéme.

QUATORSE XIIII

the fourtenth quatorsiéme

QUINSE XV

the fyftenth quinsiéme.

SAISE XVI

the sixtenth saisiéme

DIX SEPT XVII

the sevententh dix septiésme

DIX HUIT XVIII

the eightenth dishuitiésme.

DISNEUF XIX

the nyntenth disneufiésme

VINGT XX

twenty the twenteth vintaine, vingtiéme

TRENTE XXX

the thirteth, thirtie trentiesme, trentaine

QUARANTE XL

the fourteth quarantiésme

CINQUANTE L

acompte of fyftie the fyfteth cincquantaine, cincquantiésme.

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SOISSANTE LX

the sixteth threscore. soissantieme, soisantaine.

SEPTANTE LXX

the sevynteth septantiésme

OCTANTE LXXX

the eighteth octantiésme

NONANTE XC

the nynteth nonantiésme

CENT C

hundreth, the hundreth, centaine, centiésme,

the hundredeth, lykewyse centeniér, centurion.

DEUX CENS CC

TROIS CENS CCC

QUATRE CENTZ CCCC

CINQ CENTZ V. C.

SIX CENTZ VI. C.

SEPT CENTZ VII. C.

HUIT CENTZ VIII. C.

NEUF CENTZ IX. C.

MIL. A THOUSANDE

DIX MILE X. M.

CENT MILE C. M.

UNG MILION M. M.

FORMATYON OF THE INDICATYVE PRESENT TENSE.

Here after foloweth the maner, howe one shall make and fourme the present of the indicatyve or shewyng mode, of the verbes folowyng.

The maner to fourme the present of the verbes infynityve mode, here after folowynge, is: that all those that ende in _er_, puttyng the _r_ away, and makyng the _e_ a consonant, ye shall have the present of the indicatyve, as in these wordes: _parler, appeller, appaiser, appuier_, etc.; puttyng _r_ away, ye have: _parle, appelle, appaise; appuie:_ sayeng, _japelle, tu appelle, il appelle, nous appellons, vous appelles, ilz appellent._ Ye shall neverthelesse except some verbes defectyves, as _aller_ that do make, _je voy, tu vas_, in the present, and such lyke.

Also all suche as have _d_ in the last syllable, ye shall leave all the letters commynge after the _d_, and shall adde _s_, or _z_ to it: ye shall have the plurell nombre of them, as in those wordes _tordre, mordre, prendre, attaindre, auaindre_, and such lyke, puttynge _s_ or _z_ to the _d:_ ye shall have _tordz, mordz, prendz, attainz, auaindz:_ howbeit that ye shall nat sounde the sayde _d_, accordynge to the sixte rule in the begynnyng of this worke.

Also all those that doth ende in _ir_, as _tenir, uenir_, with all them that be dirivate of them: as _contenir, maintenir, soubstenir, preuenir, reuenir, paruenir, deuenir_, and such lyke, must be all ended in _iens_, as _tiens, viens, contiens,_

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_maintiens, soubstiens, preuiens, reuiens, paruiens, deuiens._ Sayeng: _je tiens, tu tiens, il tient, nous tenons, vous tenes, ilz tienent._ There is another sorte endyng in _ir_, as _conuertir, assoupir, appourir, attendrir, benir, bannir_, etc. the whiche chaungynge the _r_ in _s_, ye have _conuertis, assoupis, appouris, benis, bannis;_ sayeng: _je bannis, tu bannis, il bannist, nous bannissons, vous bannisses, ilz bannissent;_ and lykewyse of the tothers. Also there must be many except, as _consentir, assentir, mourir, querir, dormir,_ whiche do make their present: _je consens, je assens, je meurs, je quiers, je dors, tu dors, il dort, nous dormons, vous dormes, ilz dorment._

Also there is two other that doth ende in oir, the tone hath an _a_, in the penultyme syllable, as _auoir_ and _scauoir;_ whiche do make _ay_ and _scay_ in the present. The tother maner hath lyke termynation without an _a_, as _apperceuoir, deuoir, pouruoir, concepuoir, decepuoir,_ whiche do make their present, _japercoy, je doy, je pouruoy, je concoy, je decoy;_ how be it _ualloir_ and _uolloir_ must be except which do make in the present _je vaulz_, and _voulloir, je veulz, tu ueulz, il ueult, nous uoulons, uous uoules, ilz ueulent._

Also there is another sorte endynge in _e_, in the infinitive, as

saying, _laughyng, redyng, frieng, _dire, rire, lire, frire,_ etc.

say, laugh, rede, frye; which make in their present, _dis, ris, lis, fris;_

sayeng, _je lis, tu lis, il list, nous lisons, vous lises, ilz lisent._

Also there ben others endyng in _ore_, as _clore_, shitte, with all his compost, that is to saye, _disclore_, unshitte, _forclore_, shitte out, etc. whiche do make in their present, _clos, declos, forclos,_ etc. and for cause that rules ben infinites, and that they ben more necessary for the teacher than for the lernar, I suppose that those above sayd ben sufficyent for the indicative present.

It is to be noted that in the frenche tongue is but two cojugacions: the first shal be discerned and knowen by the first persone plurel nombre of the present in the shewynge moode, for where the sayd fyrst persone hath no _s_ in the seconde sillable before his termination or ende, than it is of the

we love, we have, we bette, we gyve, first, as in these verbes, _aymons, auons, batons, donons,_ with such lyke; and where there is an _s_ begynning the last syllable of the forsayd fyrst persone, than it is of the second, as in these verbes, _baisons, taisons, brisons, faisons, disons, lisons, pensons,_ etc.

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Ye shal note lykewyse that in the indicative mode ye have for the moste parte, foure preterites, that is to say, the imperfect, parfect and indiffinitive with the plusperfect, whiche ben communely founde in all verbes save in them that ben defectives, as it apereth by this verbe, I say, thou sayest, _je dis, tu dis,_

wherfore the preterit imperfyte is: I dyde say; _je disoie;_ the perfect, I sayde _je deis;_ the indiffynitive, I have sayd; _jay dit;_ the plusperfect, I had sayd. _jauoie dit._

Nevertheles for the most part there is no difference in englysshe betwene the perf. and imperf. that is to say, betwene _I dyd say_, and _I sayd:_ but bycause it is otherwise in french, I must use the said difference.

OF THE FORMATION OF THE PRETERIT IMPARFYTE.

Ye shall forme the preterit imperf. in all verbes of both conjugations by the fyrst person plurell nombre, turnyng this syllable _ons_, whiche is in every verbe, in _oie_ for the fyrst conjugation: and _sons_ in _soie_, in the second, soundynge _s_, lyke a _z_, as _zons, zoie._

Example for the fyrst conjugation as in this verbe _aymons_, whiche is the fyrst person plurell nombre of _jaime_, chaungyng this syllable _ons_ in _oie_, ye have _aimoie;_ of _auons_, ye have _auoie;_ of _donnons, donnoie_.

Example for the seconde conjugation, as in these worde: _baisons_, turnynge the last syllable, whiche is _sons_ in _soie_, ye have of _brisons, brisoie;_ of _faisons_, _faisoie;_ of _disons, disoie;_ and the seconde persone shall termyne in _ois_, the thirde in _oit;_ the fyrst plurell nombre in _ions_ for the fyrst, and _sons_ for the seconde, as it shall appere clerely in the conjugations herafter folowing, and this rule is infallyble for all preterites imparfyte.

OF THE PRETERIT PARFYTE.

The preterit parfyte, as well of the fyrst as of the seconde conjugation hath dyvers termynations, but there is four speciall, that is to say in _us_, in _is_, in _ins_ and in _ay_.

Example of _us:_ as _je bus, je fus, je leus, je congneus,_ etc. of _is:_ as _je escripuis, je deis, je mis, je feis._ of _ins:_ as _je tins, je prins, je uins, japrins._ of _ay:_ as _jaimay, je donnay, je baisay, je prisay, je laissay._

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And so the verbe that ende in _us_ shalbe, _je bus, tu bus, il but, nous bumes, vous butes, ilz burent._

Example of _is:_ as _je feis, tu feis, il feist, nous fismes, vous feistes, ilz firent._ of _ins:_ as _je uins, tu uins, il uint, nous uimmes, uous uintes, ilz uindrent._ of _ay:_ as _je donnay, tu donnas, il donna, nous donnasmes, vous donnastes, ilz donnerent._

THE PRETERIT INDIFFYNITYVE.

Ye shall ever fourme the preterit indiffynityve with the thre persons, both singuler and plurell nombres of this verbe (have) in the present tensis, saying, _jay aymé_, I have loved; _tu as aymé_, thou hast loved; _il a aymé, nous auons, uous aues, ilz ont aymé;_ and likewise of all other verbes with the sayd have, as _jay dit, jay bu, jay lu, jay fait._

OF THE FORMATION OF THE PRETER PLUS PARFYTE.

The preterit most parfect is ever formed with the preterit imperfyte of the foresayd verbe (have) as the indiffynityve is with the presente, sayeng I have done, thou haddest done, that is to say, _jauoie dit, jauoie aymé, jauoie bus, jauoie requis;_ and so thorowe the thre persons, never chaungynge the terminacion of the verbe, as _jauoie dit, tu auois dit, il auoit dit, nous auions dit, uous auies dit, ilz auoient dit;_ and so of all other lyke.

THE FUTUR OF THE INDICATYVE.

Ye shall understande that all maner verbes in generall ben termyned in their thre persons synguler and plurell nombres after this wayes: _ray, ras, ra: rons, res, ront_, so that ye shall take the verbe in the present, and put the _s_ away at the later ende, if it be of the seconde or the fyrst conjugacion, and adde therto the foresayd terminacyon: as in this worde _dis_, I saye; ye shall take awaye _s_ and adde _ray_, sayeng _diray, diras, dira, dirons, dires, diront. Jaimeray, tu aymeras, il aymera, nous aymerons, uous aymeres, ilz aymeront_. There be some verbes must have more addicion, as _dors_, I slepe, whiche must have _mi_, added unto it, sayeng, _dormiray_, and _boy, drinke,_ which sygnify I drinke; ye shal nat say _boiray_, but _buueray_, I shall drinke; and so of some other, as _doy_, ought; and _metre_, I put. How be it they be all termined with the above sayd termination.

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OF THE IMPERATIVE, WHICHE SIGNIFYETH COMMAUNDYNG.