Part 1

Produced by Greg Lindahl, Rénald Lévesque and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at http://gallica.bnf.fr)

[NOTE DU TRANSCRIPTEUR:

Vu que ce livre n'est qu'une partie d'un ouvrage beaucoup plus important, nous avons cru bon de dévier des normes PG et conserver la structure et numérotation des pages. Ceci a pour but de faciliter la recherche des objets mentionnés à l'index, au lexique et la table des matières. Les références aux pages 1 à 890 ne pourront pas être trouvées dans ce livre.]

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AN INTRODUCTORIE FOR TO LERNE TO REDE, TO PRONOUNCE AND TO SPEKE FRENCH TREWLY, COMPYLED FOR THE RIGHT HIGH, EXELLENT AND MOST VERTUOUS LADY THE LADY MARY OF ENGLANDE, DOUGHTER TO OUR MOST GRACIOUS SOVERAYN LORDE KYNG HENRY THE EIGHT.

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AVIS DE L'ÉDITEUR.

L'auteur de cette Grammaire ayant apporté un soin extrême à marquer la prononciation pár l'accent, on a dû s'attacher à reproduire scrupuleusement les accents du texte original.

Mais il faut savoir que Du Guez, par un système particulier, emploie l'accent placé _sous_ la voyelle. Nous avons reporté l'accent au-dessus, conformément à l'usage moderne.

Cette substitution a d'autant moins d'inconvénient, que nulle part Du Guez n'emploie l'accent supérieur; par conséquent, il n'y a point de confusion à craindre. C'est un très-petit détail dont il suffit que le lecteur soit averti.

F. G.

Page 893

AN INTRODUCTORIE FOR TO LERNE TO REDE, TO PRONOUNCE AND TO SPEKE FRENCH TREWLY. FOR IMPLORATION OF GRACE.

[Sidenote: [written vertically] GILES DU WES]

Grace of God that I love so moche G race de Dieu que jayme tant

I your requier ryght humbly I e uous requier treshumblement

the gift of love without any further L e don damour sans plus auant

of it to make any refuce E n faire aulcun refusement

If ye do fynde in any wise S e uous trouués aulcunement

of me service, but in trouth D e moy seruice quen loyaulté

I gyve you leve utterly U ous habandonne entierement

to wyll at all at your wyll U oulloir du tout a uoulenté

toward me to use of great rigour U ers moy user de grant rigeur

and me to banysshe from all good hap E t me bannir de tout bon heur

without more of me to have pite. S ans plus de moy auoir pité.

Sola salus seruire Deo, sunt cetera fraudes.

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AN INTRODUCTORIE TO THE LADY MARY.

For the honour of Mary Pour lhonneur de Marye

God doughter to saynt Mary filleule a saynte Marye

virgin and mother Jesu Christ vierge et mere Jhesuh Crist

have these verses ben written. ont ces verse esté escripts.

MARIA.

glasse mesure shewynge mirouer mesure monstrant

lenyng lovynge fulfilled appuis amoureus assouuie

rose redde well smellyng rose rouge redolente

that can nat vade yonge jolie inmarcessible jeune jolie

amonge chosen exellente entre eslytes exellente

for ever more be ye blessyd. a tousjours mais soyez benye. Amen.

THE PROLOGUE.

How beit that I do nat, nat knowe how that many as well lerned in good Combien que ne ignore point que pluisieurs tant qualifiéz es bonnes

lettres as also well spoken in the frenche tonge (at the lest nat beyng lectres come aussy élégant en la langue francoise (au moins pour non estre

naturall and borne of the lande and countrey) have composed, and written rules and naturél et natif du territoire et pais) ont composés et escripz régles et

principles for introduction in the sayd tonge the whiche par aventure, as principes pour introduction en la dicte langue les quelz peult estre, come

witnessed saint Hierome to Paulin, have tought before that they have ben tiesmoigne saint Hierome a Paulin, ont ensegnés auant que auoir esté

conynge, for how beit that arte is folower of nature folowyng her right nygh, scauantz, car ja soit que art soit imitatrice de nature lensuiuant de bien pres,

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yet neuerthelesse can nat she ouertake her. Wherfore the sayd composytours sy ne la peult elle toutefois aconsuiuir. Pourquoy les ditz compilateurs

all togyder leanyng to the same ben by nature in sondrie places checked reproued du tout adherens à icelle sont par nature en diuers lieux cancellés repris

and corrected. Shulde it nat seme a thynge selde and strange to se a Frenchman et corrigéz. Ne sembleroit ce point chose rare et estrange ueoir ung Francois

endeuoir and inforce himself to teche unto the Germayns the langage of Almaine: se ingerer et efforcer dapprendre aux Allemans la lange tyoise,

ye and that more over is, upon the same to compyle rules and principles, how beit uoire et qui plus est, sur icelle composer régles et principes, combien

that agaynst me and my reason some body myght say, that one que contre moy et ma rayson quelque ung pourroit dire que on

shulde fynde no body whiche shulde teche Hebreu, Greke, nor Laten, if it were nat laufull ne trouueroit ame qui ensegneroit Hebrieu, Grec, ne Latin, sil ne loisoit

to any body so to do but to him which shulde have it of nature: to whom I a auscun de ce faire sinon a celui qui laroit de nature: a quoy je

answere that it is another thyng to teche and instruct by the principles respons que cest aultre chose densegnér et daprendre par les principes

and reules made by divers well expertz auctours, by great space and longe proces et régles faictz par diuérs expertz aucteurs, par interualle et diuturnité

of longe tyme well approved, than at the fyrst metyng and nat havyng a de long temps bien approuuéez, que de premiére abordée et nauoir ung

language but meanely and as a thynge borowed to be wyllyng by and by langage que moienement et come par emprunt, en uoulloir cy pris cy mis,

nat only instructe the others, but also to compyle upon the same reules non seullement ensegnér les aultres, mais aussy composér sur ce régles

certayne, the whiche doyng is nat graunted but unto ryght few of them whiche infallibles, ce que scauoir faire nest ottroie a bien peu de ceulz qui

ben borne of the sayd langage, for touchyng my self to whom the sayd sont mesme natif du dict langage, car touchant moy mesmes a qui la dicte

tonge is maternall or naturall, and whiche by the space of therty yeres langue est maternelle ou naturelle, et qui par lespase de trente ans

and more have besyed me how beit that I am ryght ignorant, to teche et plus me suis entremis (combien que soie tres ignorant) densegnér

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and instruct many great princes and princesses, as to decessed of et apprendre pluisieurs grandz princes et princesses, comme a feu de

noble and recomended memory the prince Arthur, the noble kyng Henry noble et recommandée memoire le prince Arthur, le noble roy Henry

for the present prosperously regnyng, to whom God gyve lyfe perpetuall: pour le present prospereusement regnant, a qui Dieu doint uie perpetuelle:

the quenes of France and Scotlande, with the noble marquis of Excestre, les roynes de France et dEscosse, auec le noble marquis dExcestre, etc.

for the whiche thynge to fulfyll I have done my power and dever to serche pour la quelle chose accomplir jay fait mon pouoir et debuoir de perscruter

and seke all that which hath semed me to this purpose te serve: I have nat nevertheless et cercher tout ce qui ma semblé a ce propos seruir: sy nay je toutesfois

founde rules infallybles, bycause that it is nat possyble to fynde any peu trouvér régles infalibles, pour ce quil nest possible de telles les

suche, that is to say, suche whiche may serve without any faulte, as do trouuer, cest a dire, telles que puissent seruir infalliblement, comme font

the rules compiled for to lerne Laten, Greke and Hebreu and other suche les régles composéez pour apprendre Latin, Grec et Hebrieu et autres telz

languages: the whiche nevertheless the sayd compilatours have overtaken, langages: ce que neantmoins les ditz compilateurs ont entrepris

te the ende that I ne say presumed to do, how beit they have nat ben but lytell (affin que ne die presumés) de faire, ja soit quilz naient esté que petit de

tyme to lerne it, but now beit so that suche rules and techyng ben temps a laprendre, mais or soit ainsy que telz régles et ensegnementz soient

sufficient and farre above my workes, by cause nevertheless that tressuffisans et loing par desus mes oeuures, pour ce toutes fois que

now natwithstandyng myn ignorancy, I am agayne by my most redoubted maintenant (nonobstant mon ignorance) suis derechief (par mon tres redoubté

lorde and prince the kynge above named, ordayned to administre myn accustomed seigneur et prince le roy dessus nommé) ordonné dadministrer mon accoustumé

poore and unworthy servyce to most illustre, ryght exellente and ryght poure et indigne seruice a tres illustre, tres exellente et tres

vertuouse lady my lady Mary of Englande his ryght entierly well beloved uertueuse dame ma dame Mary dEngleterre sa tres entierement bien aymée

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doughter, the whiche right specially and straytly hath me commanded and fille, laquelle tres espécialement et estroitement ma comandé et

encharged to reduce and to put by writtynge the maner how I have proceded enchargé de reduire et mectre par escript la maniere coment jay procédé

towarde her sayd progenitours and predecessours, as that same also by the which enuers ses dictz progeniteurs et predecesseurs, come celle aussy par la quelle

I have her so so taught, and do teche dayly whiche to refuse, je lay tellement quellement instruit, et instruis journellement, ce que refuser

nat withstandynge the reasons above sayd alleged, I durst nat, nor wolde nat (nonobstant les raisons dessus dictes alleguée) noseroie ne uouldroie,

how beit that I am ryght well assured to merite more for and by cause of myn combien que soie tres asseuré de plus meriter pour et cause de mon

obedience than by any seruice or sacrifyce that to her I may do, fulfyllyng obedience que par aulcun seruice ou sacrifice que luy puisse prestér, accomplissant

her most noble and gracious comandement, gratious say I, by cause son tresnoble et gracieux comandement, gracieus dis je, pour ce

that her beniuolence and good wyll is to proffite to others as to que sa beniuolence et bon uoulloir est de prouffiter aux aultres come a

herselfe, wherfore I supplie and require all reders the causes and reasons elle mesme, pourquoi je suplie et requier tous lecteurs les causes et raisons

aboue sayd contempled and consydered to have me for to be excused, and ther dessus dictes contempléez et consideréez mauoir pour excusé, et la

where they shall se the good Homer have ben aslepe to be wyllyng by good maner où ilz verront le bon Homère auoir dormy le uoulloir par bonne maniere

to wake him, in correctyng the fautes in the whiche by cause of the same he is esueiller en corrigeant les faultes esquelles a cause de ce il est

fallin, the whiche doyng they shall deserve nat only to be lauded and praysed, encouru, ce que faisantz ilz mériteront nonseullement destre loués et prisés,

but also in theyr workes and operations taxed and estimed of maner mais aussy en leurs euures et operations taxés et estimés de maniere

lyke, and to the same answeryng. reciprocque et corespondent.

ENDE OF THE PROLOGUE.

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HERE AFTER FOLOWETH THE TABLE OF THIS PRESENT TREATYSE.

This lytle worke shalbe devided in two bokes, wherof the fyrst shal have two partes.

In the fyrst part shalbe treated of rules, that is redyng frenche, and what letters shall be lefte unbesounde, and the cause therof.

The seconde parte shalbe of nownes, pronownes, adverbes, participles, with verbes, prepositions, and conjunctions.

Also certayne rules for conjugations.

Item fyve or six maners of conjugations with one verbe.

Item conjugations with two pronownes and with thre and fynally combining or joinyng II verbes togeder.

The second boke shall be of lettres missyves in prose and in ryme.

Also diuerse comunications by way of dialoges, to receyve a messager from the emperour, the frenche kynge, or any other prince.

Also other comunications of the propriete of mete, of love, of peas, of warres, of the exposicion of the masse, and what mannes soule is, with the division of tyme, and other conseites.

FINIS.

A PROLOGUE FOR AN INTRODUCTORY.

The thynges that directely expressed maye nat be ought to be declared Les choses qui a droit exprimer ne se peuuent doibuent estre declareez

by syncopation of sylence, by cause that by sylence one doth answer to many par sincopacion taciturne, pour ce que par silence on respond a pluisieurs

thynges. Syncopation is none other thyng but abreviation of length, and prolixite choses. Sincopation nest aultre chose quabreuiacion de prolixite, et prolixite

is superfluitie of wordes in declarying a thyng. Wherfore in all est superfluite de paroles en declarant une chose. Pourquoy en toutes

workes one ought to be shorte. We shall begynne this boke than in the name oeuures on doibt estre brief. Nous commencerons ce liure doncques ou nom

of God all mighty and shall ende it with the helpe of hym, procedyng by the de Dieu tout puissant et lacheuerons a laide diceluy, procedant par le

counsayle of Orace, whiche is as shorte as possible shalbe. conseil dOrace, qui est le plus brief que possible sera.

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HERE FOLOWETH THE FYRST BOKE OF SEVYN RULES FOR TO REDE AND TO PRONOUNCE FRENCHE TREWLY.

THE FYRST is howe the fyve vowels, that is to saye _a_, _e_, _i_, _o_, and _v_, shalbe sounded in redyng french.

Ye shal pronounce your _a_, as wyde open mouthed as ye can; your _e_, as ye do in latyn, almost as brode as ye pronounce your _a_ in englysshe; your _i_, as sharpe as can be; _o_, as ye do in englyssh, and _v_ after the Skottes, as in this worde _gud_. These fyve uowels be consonantes when they receyve nat their full sounde, as in this worde _jamais_ the fyrst _a_ is a uowell, and the seconde is a consonant.

Example of _e_, as _déité_ and _magesté_, where bothe _ees_ of _deite_ be uowels, and the fyrst of _magesté_ is a consonant and the seconde is a uowell. Wherfore ye shall understande that the moste parte of _ees_ in french be consonantes, save fewe with suche wordes as come out of latyn. Example of me, the, hym, that, of, the, do, to say, to put, oure, your,

consonantes _me_, _te_, _se_, _que_, _de_, _le_, _faire_, _dire_, _mectre_, _nostre_, _vostre_,

wher is never a uowel. All the _ees_ that shalbe uowels in this present boke shalbe marked as the dyptong is in latyn, thus _é_.

THE SECONDE RULE.

Also in redyng frenche ye shall leave the last letter of every worde unsounde, endyng in _s_, _t_, and _p_, save of the same worde wherupon ye do pause or rest, for if ye do pronounce every worde by hymselfe, that is to say, restyng upon the same, ye ought for to pronounce and sounde him thorowe. And if any word endyng with an _s_, have the next worde folowyng begynning with a uowell, than shall ye sounde the said _s_, lyke a _z_,

never others

as in these wordes _jamais aultres_ ye shal rede _jamaiz aultre_, as it were but one worde, but if the next worde commyng after the _s_ be a consonant, than shall the said _s_ remayne unsounde, as in these wordes _jamais narés_, (never shall ye have) the _s_ of _jamais_ shall nat be sounde. Provyded alwayes, as is sayde before, that ye do nat pause nor rest upon the worde, for so doyng ye must sounde it parfitely.

THE THYRDE RULE.

Whan one worde doth ende with a uowell, and the next folowyng after

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begyn with another, than the fyrste shalbe unsounde, as in these wordes, but in you I me have I the have I him have _que en uous_, ye shall rede _quen uous_, and _je me ay_, _je te ay_, je le ay_, ye shall rede _je may_, _je tay_, _je lay_, and so of all suche lyke, excepte some wordes whiche be nat used in Fraunce, as _tu as_, _thou hast_. Where bothe uowels must be sounde, howbeit the Picardes sounde it after the sayd rule, sayeng _tas_ for _tu as_, _tes_ for _tu es_, thou arte. And if ye fynde two _ees_ endynge and begynnynge a worde, ye shall leave the tone, as in these it is with the well wordes, _il te est bien_, ye shall rede _il test bien_. And of _e_, and _a_, as in these wordes _que a_, but te, ye shall rede _qua_. Of _e_, and _o_, as in these wordes, _que on_, but one, ye shal rede _quon_. Of _a_ and _o_, as in these wordes, _pourra on_, may one, ye shall rede _pourran_. And in lyke maner of all other of that termynation.

THE FOURTH RULE.

An _s_, in the begynnynge of a worde hath his full sounde, as dothe wyse wylde appere by these wordes folowyng, _sage_, _sauuage_, _sapient_, _etc._ but in the myddes beynge eyther before a consonant or a uowell, shall be sounded I sayde I dyd I brake I holde peace. lyke a _z_, as in these wordes _disoie_, _faisoie_, _brisoie_, _taisoie_, _etc._

THE FYFTH RULE.

Whan _st_ dothe come togider in a worde hauing a uowell before it, than the sayde _s_ shall remayne unsounde, but it shall encreace the sounde of to wast to taste to haste, the sayde uowell, as in these wordes _gaster_, _taster_, _haster_, ye shall rede _gaater_, _taater_, _haater_.

myne hoste come agayne anone And _mon hoste reuenes tantost_: ye shall rede _mon hoote reuenes tantoot_: ye shall nevertheles except al those that be nyghe the to protest to shewe latyn, as _protester_, _manifester_, _contester_, to withstande: and suche lyke, whiche must have the sayd _s_, well and parfitly sounded and pronounced, for it is nat possyble to fynde a rule so generall and infallible to serue for euery worde as was said aboue in the prologue.

THE SIXT RULE.

There is in french dyuers wordes, whiche for denotation or signifycation

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of plurarite dothe ende with an _s_, or with a _z_, for without he same they be synguler nombre, as these wordes and such lyke worde fyste write a lefe _mot_, _puing_, _escript_, _feullet_, whiche be all synguler nombres: and if ye do adde a _z_, at the latter ende of them, than are they plurell nombres, as _motz_, _puingz_, _escriptz_, _feulletz_: and than shall ye nat sounde the letter before the sayd _z_, redynge _mos_, _puins_, _feullés_. And lyke wise whan a worde hath a _p_, or _b_, in the myddes endyng the syllable, ye shall leaue them unsounde, as in these wordes and

dewtie dette to write suche lyke, _debuoir_, _debte_, _escripre_: ye shal rede _deuoir_, _det_, _escrire_. But whan they do begyn the worde or the syllable, than shall they be pronounced, putte away debated to breke as these wordes, _deboute_, _debatu_, _debriser_, _etc._

THE SEVENTH RULE.

There is two maner of wordes harde for to be pronounced in french. The fyrst is written with a double _ll_ whiche must be souned togider, as _lla_, _lle_, _lly_, _llo_, _llu_, as in these wordes, gave cutte gader lefe bayly fayle _bailla_, _tailla_, _ceulle_, _feulle_, _bally_, _fally_,

white knele a tymer hamer full of leaves _moullet_, _engenoullet_, _mallot_, _feullu_, _houllu_.

The seconde maner harde to pronounce ben written with _gn_, before a uowell, as _gna_, _gne_, _gni_, _gno_, _gnu_. As in these wordes wan dyd blede lyne combe vyne scabbe felowe _gagna_, _saigna_, _ligne_, _pigne_, _uigne_, _tigne_, _compagne_,

swell wanton wanton _laigne_, _mignon_, _mignarde_,

ye shal except many wordes that be so written and nat so pronounced, endyng specially in _e_, as worthy swanne hyghe corage _digne_, _cigne_, _magnanime_, _etc._ They that can pronounce these wordes in latyn after the Italians maner, as (_agnus_, _dignus_, _magnus_, _magnanimus_) have bothe the understandyng and the pronouncynge of the sayde rule and of the wordes. Ye shall fynde many suche among the nownes, uerbes, and adverbes that herafter be folowynge, the whiche shall have the double _l_, thus written _ll_, besyde the word and _gn_, besyde the tother.

THE NAMES OF MEMBRES LONGYNG TO MANNES BODY ASWELL INWARDE AS OUT WARDE.

the heed or chyfe le chief

the scoull la teste

the heeres les cheueulz

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womens heares les tresches

the busshe la cheuelure

the perwyke la perrucque

the heares ll. la cheuechalle

the forhed le front

the temples les temples

the browes les sourcilz

the visage le visage

the berde la barbe

the face le viaire

the face la face

the eye or eyes loeul

the eyes les yeux

the lydde la paulpiere

the lyddes les paulpieres

the ball of the eye la pupille

the nose le naes

the nose thrilles ll. les narilles

the chekes les joes

the nether chekes les bajoes

the eare loreille

the eares les oreilles

the mowth la bouce

beastes mowthe la geule

the lyppes les leures

the tonge la langue

the rouf of the mowth le palais

or ou palet

the teeth les dentz

the gommes les genciues

the jaws les machoires

the inward jawes les mandibulles

the chynne le menton

the throte bo?te le gosier

the gorge la gargate

the gorge la gorge

the necke le col

the knot of the neck le neu du col

the hole of the necke la fosse du col

the kenel of the necke la canol du col

the sholder lespaule

the armes les bras

the elbowe la coude

the elbowes les coudes

the fyste le puing

the fystes les puingz

the hande la main

the handes les mains

the bat of the hande le dos de la main

the balle of the hande la paulme

the balles les paulmes

the finger le doigt

the fingers les doigz

the thombe le poulce

the thombes les poulces

the jointe la joincte

the joyntes les joinctes

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the naile longle

the nayles les ongles

the brest la poictrine

the forke of the brest la fourcelle

the breste la mamelle

the brestes les mamelles

the body le corps

the wast le fauz du corpz

the holes under the armes les esselles

the bely le uentre

the nauyl le nombril

the backe le dos

the chyne leschine

the rayns les rains

the buttockes les fesses

the buttocke la fesse

the hippe la hanche

the hippes les hanches

the grynes les ames

the nether beerde la penilliere

the thighe la cuisse

the thighes les cuisses

the knee le genouil

the knees les genoulz

the hamme le jaret

the hammes les jaretz

the legge la jambe

the legges les jambes

the chyne boone la greue

or the backe of ou le dos de

the legge la jambe

the calfe of the legge le pomeau

the ancle ll. la cheuille

the ancles ll. les cheuilles

the hele le talon

the foote le pied

the feetes les piedz

the back of the foote le dos du pied

the soole la plante

the sooles les plantes

the great too le graunt orteil

the toes les orteilz

THE INWARD MEMBRES.

the braine le cerueau

the hering louye

the sight la ueue

the smellyng lolfact

the smellyng le flairer

the taste le goust

the telynge le taste

the chawyng le macer

the swalowyng lauailer

the hert le ceur

the stomake lestomac

the galle le feil

the leuer le foie

the lyver le gisier

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the longe le poulmo

the mylte lesplene

or the mylte ou la rate

or mylte ou ratelle

the bledder la uessie