An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 1 of 2) Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxes

BOOK II.

Chapter 2508 wordsPublic domain

Of Trade and Industry.

INTRODUCTION, 161

CHAP. I. Of the reciprocal connections between trade and 166 industry,

CHAP. II. Of Demand, 172

CHAP. III. Of the first principles of bartering, and how 175 this grows into trade,

CHAP. IV. How the prices of goods come to be determined by 181 trade,

CHAP. V. How foreign trade opens to an industrious people, 184 and the consequences of it to _the merchants_ who set it on foot,

CHAP. VI. Consequences of the introduction of a passive 190 foreign trade among a people who live in simplicity and idleness,

CHAP. VII. Of double competition, 196

CHAP. VIII. Of what is called expence, profit, and loss, 205

CHAP. IX. The general consequences resulting to a trading 206 nation, upon the opening of an active foreign commerce,

CHAP. X. Of the balance of work and demand, 216

CHAP. XI. Why in time this balance is destroyed, 225

CHAP. XII. Of the competition between nations, 232

CHAP. XIII. How far the form of government of a particular 237 country may be favourable or unfavourable to a competition with other nations, in matters of commerce,

CHAP. XIV. Security, ease, and happiness, no inseparable 250 concomitants of trade and industry,

CHAP. XV. A general view of the principles to be attended to 261 by a statesman, who resolves to establish trade and industry upon a lasting footing,

CHAP. XVI. Illustration of some principles laid down in the 272 former chapter, relative to the advancement and support of foreign trade,

CHAP. XVII. Symptoms of decay in foreign trade, 278

CHAP. XVIII. Methods of lowering the price of manufactures, 283 in order to make them vendible in foreign markets,

CHAP. XIX. Of infant, foreign and domestic trade, with 301 respect to the several principles which influence them,

CHAP. XX. Of luxury, 306

CHAP. XXI. Of physical and political necessaries, 311

CHAP. XXII. Preliminary reflections upon inland commerce, 319

CHAP. XXIII. When a nation, which has enriched herself by a 328 reciprocal commerce in manufactures with other nations, finds the balance of trade turn against her, it is her interest to put a stop to it altogether,

CHAP. XXIV. What is the proper method to put a stop to a 336 foreign trade in manufactures, when the balance of it turns against a nation?

CHAP. XXV. When a rich nation finds her foreign trade 343 reduced to the articles of natural produce, what is the best plan to be followed? And what are the consequences of such a change of circumstances?

CHAP. XXVI. Of the vibration of the balance of wealth 359 between the subjects of a modern state,

CHAP. XXVII. Circulation, and the balance of wealth, objects 374 worthy of the attention of a modern statesman,

CHAP. XXVIII. Circulation considered with regard to the rise 394 and fall of the price of subsistence and manufactures,

CHAP. XXIX. Circulation with foreign nations, the same thing 414 as the balance of trade,

CHAP. XXX. Miscellaneous questions and observations relative 426 to trade and industry,

CHAP. XXXI. Recapitulation of the second book, 482