Category: Science - Biology
The microscope (from μικρὁς, little, and σκοπέω, to see), so called because it enables us to see objects which are too small to be seen with the naked eye, consists of several parts, each of which has its special use. As the proper management of these is of great importance in...
The microscope (from μικρὁς, little, and σκοπέω, to see), so called because it enables us to see objects which are too small to be seen with the naked eye, consists of several p...
2. CHAPTER II.As a general rule, objects should be mounted in that manner by which their structure is best and most clearly shown; but in certain instances the objects are mounted so as to ma...
3. CHAPTER III.We may now enter upon the consideration of the microscopic structure of objects, beginning with those which are derived from the vegetable kingdom, as they are more easily procu...
4. CHAPTER IV.The vegetable elements and tissues which have been described form, either separately or by their combination in various ways, the organs of plants. To these we shall now pass, a...
5. CHAPTER V.The general appearance of plants belonging to the class of Ferns is so well known that it need scarcely be described, especially since the introduction of the glass plant-cases,...
6. CHAPTER VI.I need scarcely refer to the figures in Pl. III. to enable the reader to recognize the Mosses; every one knows them at once by their remarkably uniform general appearance, their...
7. CHAPTER VII.The plants belonging to the Class Algæ grow in water, either in that of the sea or in fresh water; a few of them, however, being found on damp earth, damp walls, &c. The marine...
8. CHAPTER VIII.The Lichens are found growing upon the bark of trees, old palings, &c. Those most easily seen with the naked eye form grey or coloured dryish patches or pendulous tufts; while t...
9. CHAPTER IX.The Fungi form the lowest class of plants: as examples of them, may be mentioned mushrooms, toadstools, puff-balls, the mould of paste, the blue mould of cheese, &c. The more mi...
10. CHAPTER X.The tissues of which animals consist, like those of plants, are primarily derived from cells; in fact the essential part of the egg or óvum, from which all perfect animals origi...
11. CHAPTER XI.The animals belonging to this subkingdom are specially distinguished by the body and limbs being jointed: as familiar instances, may be mentioned the lobster, the wood-louse, sp...
12. CHAPTER XII.Descending in the scale of animal organization, we come next to the subkingdom RADIÁTA, or that in which the parts are arranged in a radiate manner around a centre. Of this ther...
13. CHAPTER XIII.The members of this subkingdom are the lowest in the scale of animal organization, their bodies consisting of a soft gelatinous and structureless mass, which has a remarkable te...
14. CHAPTER XIV.We shall now devote a few pages to the consideration of the nature of light, and the optical principles involved in the construction and use of the microscope. Two theories of l...