CHAPTER XIV

CIVILIZATION AND ITS BENEFITS

To “wonder furiously”--Better Government, or Worse?--Comparison of Standards--A Conversation with Aborigine Friends--The Question of Money--Tabus.

Looking back over what I learned, during the two years that I was in Formosa, of the manners and customs--collectively speaking--of the aboriginal tribes, and of the outlook on life of these _Naturvölker_, I am given to “think furiously” along lines other than anthropological; that is, along those that are sociological as well. Rather, perhaps, to “wonder furiously.”

If it be true, as Dr. Tylor--in _Primitive Culture_--points out, that “no human thought is so primitive as to have lost bearing on our own thought, or so ancient as to have broken connection with our own life,” it opens up an interesting field for speculation. For one thing, as to what would have been the line of social evolution of the so-called superior races had they, like the _seban_, continued to regard the cutting off of an enemy head as meritorious rather than otherwise. (Yet what is war between “civilized” races, except head-hunting on a grand scale; only with accompanying mangling and gassing and other horrors of which the island _seban_[102] knows nothing?) And if, also like the _seban_, prostitution had remained unknown, and the breaking of a promise been regarded as so heinous a crime that only the death of the one guilty of so foul a thing could save his family and relatives and all who came into contact with him from being contaminated by his own uncleanness.

What then? One wonders. What sort of civilization would have been evolved, had culture progressed--as in Europe, for example, in the matter of learning, of arts, and of sciences--yet had the standards of right and wrong remained as they are with the primitive folk among whom I spent two years, and if the fundamental conception of government had remained the same--that of a matriarchal theocracy, which is yet, in a sense, communistic.

Were they, too, matriarchal--the “tattooed and woaded, winter-clad in skins” European forefathers of ours? It is a dangerous thing to assume a unilineal line of evolution. Because there are evidences of mother-right[103] having been dominant in certain parts of the world, or with certain peoples--and of this mother-right still existing in a few isolated instances--it would be rashly unwise to assume, as a few writers and speakers have done, that the female of the species was once the dominant half of the _genus homo_. However, assuming for the sake of argument--or of phantasy--that matriarchal government was once universal, until the male learned that in the matter of governing the power of brute force equalled, in efficacious results, that of summoning spirits from the vasty deep on the part of priestess and sibyl, or of ruling the tribe through aruspicy and the cries of birds; or until he learned, perhaps, that brute force could even make his own those priestly offices which had been the prerogative of that sex once solely associated with the Mystic Force (by virtue of that medium still regarded by primitive folk as sacred and mysterious).[104]

Suppose, I say--and I underscore _suppose_--we assume this mother-right--matri-potestal as well as matrilineal and matri-local--once to have existed in Europe in as full force as it still does in a few islands of the South Pacific; and, again, suppose the male had never learned, or never chosen to apply, the force of muscular suasion, what sort of Midsummer’s Night Dream of a world should we have had? Would it have been an Eden--with Adam kept very much in his place--a sort of Golden Age, such as many equal-suffrage advocates assert would be the outcome of matriarchal rule; or would it have resulted in “confusion worse confounded” (in this year of grace, 1922, is such a state possible to conceive?), such as Weininger[105] and his school would assert could be the only result of woman-rule? Or would this school concede that there could be such a thing as a woman-ruled State? Would it not hold, rather, that such an attempt could end only in anarchy?

Yet the realm which the women-chiefs and priestesses of Formosa govern is the reverse of anarchic. Laws there are as the laws of the Medes and Persians; or as those are supposed to have been. Every act of daily life, personal as well as communal, is regulated by law, and any infringement of this law is met with dire penalty. This--incidentally--holds true with all primitive peoples, patriarchal as well as matriarchal. Those who fancy that a “return to nature”--meaning to primitive conditions--would give licence either for lawlessness or for the indulgence without restraint in individual preference, social or political, reckon without knowledge of conditions actually existing in primitive society. One shudders to think what would have been Rousseau’s fate had he really “returned to nature”--i.e. lived among the _Naturvölker_--and broken tabu of marriage or parenthood. For those who hold in contempt established convention, or life regulated by law, primitive society is not the place.

But to return to the question of gynarchic rule: All the women of this particular island--or of that particular part of it still under aboriginal control and hence matriarchal--are not Sapphos or Katherines--are not even the primitive prototypes of these illustrious ladies--any more than they are simpering _Doras_,[106] neurotics, or nymphomaniacs. As George Eliot made one of her characters, in speaking of her own sex, remark, “The Lord made ‘em fools to match the men,” so one is inclined to ask, after having seen the practical working of a gynocracy, if women were made also good and bad--in the comprehensive inclusiveness of those words--wise and foolish, to match the so-called sterner sex; the sex which seems, however, in reality neither sterner nor more bloodthirsty than the so-called gentler one; any more than it seems a greater lover of abstract justice, which, according to one English writer, “no woman understands.”[107]

Which train of wondering brings us back to the original wonder with which this chapter started: If our European forefathers had ever, in the dim “once-upon-a-time” of long ago, the same standards of right and wrong as the present-day _seban_ of Formosa; if they, too, were once matri-potestal--what would have been the line of evolution that Europe would have followed had this state of affairs continued, only gradually evolving, through letters and arts, from savagery to so-called civilization? Should we have been better governed or worse?

Or--another wonder intervenes. Would letters and arts have ever developed under a matriarchy? Probably yes. Perhaps even to a greater extent than has been the case during the long centuries of patriarchal rule that have followed the possible once-upon-a-time primitive matriarchates of antiquity. For even recognizing that the creative faculty--artistic and inventive--is the heritage of man rather than of woman, has it not, within historic times, in civilized countries, been ever under queen rulership that letters and art have flourished? Perhaps an unrecognized, sublimated form of sex-instinct--or so a certain school of psycho-analysts would argue--that has spurred masculine creative genius to its highest point; as it spurred, apparently, the venturous spirit of the great explorers, certainly of the Elizabethan age; and as, in a later age in England, it spurred those who dreamed of world conquest in the name of the “Great Good Queen.” Has personal idolatry rendered to a king ever equalled that rendered to a queen, whether by soldier or poet, artist or farm-labourer? The sex instinct here, as in other fields, has played its part, and in this particular field usually for good rather than for evil. Perhaps no more Sapphos would have arisen under the rule of women than of men; but it seems not improbable that more men poets might have arisen, worthily and lustily to sing the praises of queens.

And the governing--worse governed or better under theocratic queens than under kings or under mobs? Not worse, I think. Executive ability seems woman’s in surprising degree where she has had the opportunity to exercise it; often where the exercise of it has been unrecognized, because attributed to the male--her man--who stood before the world, or who sat upon the throne.

As executive and ruler in miniature--executive in the household and ruler over the children, since house, in any form, has existed or maternal responsibility, however elementary, been recognized--executive ability seems to have been developed in women; just as through child-bearing and rearing--or psycho-physical potentiality for this--intellectual creative faculty has, with the normal woman, remained dormant.

So much for wondering over possible might-have-beens in connection with matriarchal government, if this system in some supposititious long-ago ever existed in Europe.

As for the general standards of right and wrong--standards as they exist among the aborigines of Formosa, compared with standards which exist to-day in Europe: Would it be more agreeable to be in danger of losing one’s head, if one went for a sunset stroll and ventured too near enemy territory--provided oneself were not the first to secure the enemy head--yet to know that a word once given, by friend or enemy, would never be broken; that no lock would be needed to guard one’s possessions; that life-insurance had not to be taken into consideration, because, in case of one’s untimely demise, one’s wife and children would, as a matter of course, be given equal provender with the other members of the community; that not only was no special plea for mercy needed for “fatherless children and widows,” but that, as a matter of fact, these usually fared somewhat better than other members of the community, because the widow generally became a priestess, and as such wielded greater power and influence in the community than a mere wife could do?

Also to know that fire-insurance might equally be left out of the reckoning, as in case one’s house were destroyed by fire, all one’s neighbours could be relied upon to build one a new house.

Would it be more agreeable to know that battle, murder, and sudden death were ever-present possibilities, if one happened to be a man and a warrior (and to be one meant being the other), yet to know that while life lasted it would ever be a merry one; that if by chance old age or illness overtook one, one would be cared for, not as a matter of charity, but again--as in the case of widows and orphans--as a matter of course; or to cower before what old age and illness and out-of-work days mean for the poverty-stricken in present-day civilization?

To live knowing that death sudden, yet swift and comparatively painless, might one day be one’s portion--or the portion of one’s husband--yet ever to be certain, while one lived, of a home as good as that of any member of the people to whom one belonged; of clothing and fuel and food in abundance; or to live as the poor in the great cities of Christian civilization live, and to die as they die; to cry not only for bread where there is no bread, but for work where there is no work; in decrepit old age and illness to be cared for by the community, if at all, as a matter of contemptuous pity,--which were preferable?

I tried once to explain something of economic conditions in the white man’s world, and in that of modern Japan, to one of my Formosan aborigine friends. The idea that one should receive more than another, unless that other had by misconduct forfeited his share, was as difficult for my friend to understand as it was that a man could not work who wanted to work, or that there should not be food enough for all. That it was held to be a matter of shame to be helped by the community when one was too old or too ill to work was incomprehensible; as incomprehensible as was the question of prostitution. “But women who live so, how can they have strong sons and daughters?” he asked. “And how can they make good priestesses to the people?” an old priestess who was standing by asked. “Such women destroy faith,” she added, “not build it up for the guidance of men.”

I thought of the Inari temples--those devoted to the worship of the Fox-god--and of the votaries of these temples, in Japan. I thought of the stories of the temples of Babylon, of Egypt, of certain of those in ancient Greece--all these had represented mighty civilizations; the votaries of the Fox-god temples belong to a nation that is to-day one of the great world-powers; while the old Formosan woman was only a savage. How could she know anything of the refinements of civilization, or of what civilization demands?

But those ancient civilizations, I reflected--they were “heathen”; even present-day Japan is “heathen.” As a member of a race that is supposed to uphold Christian civilization and to convert heathen peoples to its tenets, there was momentary unction in this thought. Then, as the old man and old woman stood looking up at me, with inquiring, wrinkled faces, awaiting an answer to questions that would solve the problem that was puzzling them, there flashed across my mind the memory of a Christian temple, in a great Christian capital, which it was the fashion of the more fashionable stratum of the painted ladies of the city to attend, and where----

But no, they were not priestesses; only devotees who exchanged glances with the male devotees, and who after the services spoke with the latter, doubtless for the “upbuilding of their faith.”

And as for the question of the old man; how could women who lived so have strong sons and daughters? I thought of all the painted women of all the great cities of the world--those flaunting their silks and furs and jewels under the electric glare of the great thoroughfares, inviting with smiles and glances; and those others, shivering, wrapping their rags about them in dark corners, croaking, cackling, and clutching desperately, hoping to earn, in an ancient profession of civilization, enough to buy food and drink sufficient to keep life a little longer in unclean, diseased bodies. These women had no children; but I thought of their male companions; some their victims; some who had victimized and had started certain of the painted ones in their profession; some merely the boon companions of an hour. And I thought of hospitals I had visited; of operations that I had witnessed on the wives of the men who had “settled down after sowing a few wild oats”--years of agony in one life as a vicarious atonement for perhaps one night of wine and laughter and song in the life of another. And I thought of children I had seen, and of grandchildren.... It made it a little difficult to explain clearly, to the old man and the old woman, the benefits of a system inextricably interwoven with civilization, ancient and modern; and the reason why this system lent a delicate zest to the art of civilized living. And part of my wonder to-day is: Supposing, _supposing_, this art--this profession--had never been introduced into society----?

Almost as difficult to answer as was the question of the reason why of money-taking in exchange for love were other questions put to me by aboriginal friends in connection with money. Why money at all? What were the benefits of this “recognized medium of exchange,” and of the great banking systems, which are part of the economic fabric of every civilization of the world. I gave a few coins to some men and women of the Yami tribe; they began to beat them out into thin plates to add to their helmets. I gave some to the Ami people; they drilled holes in them and fastened them, as ornamental buttons, to their blankets. Those that I gave to the Paiwan they inserted in holes in their ears--all except one young warrior who set his _ni-ju-sen_[108] piece among the boars’ tusks that ornamented his cap. The Taiyal priestess to whom I gave a _go-ju-sen_[109] piece regarded it with reverence, and carefully wrapped it in a banana-leaf. A short time afterwards I saw her, sitting by the bedside of a patient, balancing the _go-ju-sen_ on a bamboo-rod, gripped between her knees; the small stone generally used on such occasions--mentioned in the chapter ILLNESS AND DEATH--having been replaced by the shining silver coin.

The Taiyal seemed to think that some particularly powerful _Ottofu_ was connected with silver coins. Perhaps the “White Fathers,” and also the Chinese and Japanese, used these shining pieces to draw down the _Ottofu_ of long-departed ancestors; hence had they waxed mighty. That such _Ottofu_ pieces might be used as media of exchange between different tribes, when these were not actively at war with each other--this was comprehensible; but that such should be needed, or conceivably ever used, between members of the same tribe or nation--this was not comprehensible. “Surely man does not kill meat for himself alone, when his brothers, too, are hungry; nor does a woman grow millet for her own children alone, when the children of other women are crying for food.”

Nor could I ever quite make my savage friends realize the blessings of civilization in the matters of the economic system, any more than of the social. They could only comprehend that among the enlightened ones of the world it was somehow tabu for one man to have as many shining pieces as another, or as much meat and drink, as good a house to shelter him from the wind, or as much fuel to make fire in the rainy season, as another, that somehow the shining _Ottofu_ pieces brought these blessings. But just why was it tabu for one man to have more than another? They were much puzzled, until at last one Taiyal man suggested that no doubt the White God-descended Ones knew, in their wisdom, which of their brothers were most worthy, most noble and holy; and to the most holy was awarded the largest share of the _Ottofu_ pieces.

And still I am wondering what if the speculations of my savage friends had been correct--what sort of a Europe should I be living in to-day? How would it contrast with the Europe that is?

When my friends learned of the tabu connected with the shining pieces, they wished to hear more of the tabus of the Great Ones. Were these the same as their own: tabus that surrounded young men and maidens, which prevented the latter from hearing an indelicate word or seeing a coarse gesture, that prevented the marriage of too near relations, that----

“Yes, yes,” I hurried to assent, “among the better classes all these tabus are observed.”

“But,” my interlocutors interrupted, “what is meant by classes, and, if there is more than one class among the same people, why should the young girls of one class be protected more than those of another?”

Again their intelligence failed to grasp my attempts at a logical explanation. But a priestess pressed for further knowledge on the subject of the white man’s--and especially the white woman’s--tabus. Was it tabu for a husband to be either brutal to his wife---- “Yes, among the better----” I began. But the priestess hurried on: “or indelicate in his attentions to her; was she, his wife--as regards marital relations--to be tabu to him altogether before the birth of her children, and for some time afterwards? Was a disloyal husband himself so tabu that, even in the tribes where he was not beheaded or stoned to death, no self-respecting member of the community--either man or woman--would speak to him or supply him with food; so that he had to flee to the woods and live as an outcast?”

I tried to explain that it was difficult to know; one could not be sure, for there were some points on which neither men nor women always told the exact truth.

“But not to tell the truth!” my friends cried in chorus. “Surely the curses of their ancestors are on those who do not speak the truth!”

And I thought, or tried to think, of a civilization--white or yellow--in which men and women spoke always the truth, with nothing added, nothing suppressed; where “yea” meant always _yea_, and “nay,” _nay_; where the realization that anything more “cometh of evil” was put into practice; consequently the anything more left unsaid. And still I am trying to think what civilization under these conditions would mean. Civilization--I am wondering.

Since my sojourn among the men and women who live in the mountains of Formosa that word--civilization--has had a new meaning; been a new source of wonder to me.

FOOTNOTES:

[102] In this connection I speak of the aborigines of this particular island--Formosa. Among many of the Melanesian aborigines of other islands of the South Pacific--as among many tribes of equatorial Africa, and certain tribes of American Indians--every form of torture is applied to the vanquished enemy before death releases him from suffering.

[103] See _Das Mutterrecht_, by J. J. Bachofen.

[104] On this subject see _Les Formes Élémentaires de la Vie Religieuse_, by E. Durkheim.

[105] See _Sex and Character_, by Otto Weininger.

[106] The _Dora_ of Dickens’s _David Copperfield_.

[107] See _The Female of the Species_, by Kipling.

[108] A Japanese silver coin, equivalent to about a sixpence in value.

[109] A Japanese coin, equivalent to about a shilling in value.

INDEX

Aborigines: characteristics, 95 et seq., 105 future of, 198 et seq. population, 87, 88 social organisation of, 109 et seq., 125-126 Aetas, 64, 106 Agricultural implements, 183, 184 Ainu of Hokkaido, 177 Saghalien, 177 _Aiyu-sen_, 100 American Indians, 103 Ami tribe, the, 75, 87, 99, 101, 103, 104 arts and crafts of, 174, 181, 182 characteristics of, 76, 211 customs of, 74, 114, 117, 122, 124, 128, 169, 187 marriage of, 154-156, 160-162 religion, 131-133, 151 traditions of, 96 transport, 193-195 Amoy dialect, 87, 103 Andaman islanders, 107, 126 Anping, 43, 49, 51 Arapani, 134 Archery, 120 Arizona, 28 Arts and crafts, 173 et seq. Ashikaga dynasty, 44

“Bachelor-house” system, 122, 123 Bartsing, 131 Basketry, 181 Berri berri, 89 Botel Tobago, 97, 104, 114, 148, 149, 150, 176, 182 “Bradyaga,” 55 British trade, 51 Bunun tribe, the, 70 arts and crafts of, 99, 174, 177 characteristics of, 102, 103 customs of, 111, 169, 170 et seq. marriage, 159 Bunun religion, 137, 139, 140 Bureau of Aboriginal Affairs, 101

Camphor, 31, 70 factories, 70, 90 wood, 69 Candidius, Father, 52, 91, 150, 196 Caps, 181 Chastity, 109 Children, 121, 122 China, 31, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 46, 49, 89 China grass, 120, 187 _China Review_, the, 103, 104 China Sea, 29 Chinese: classification of tribes, 104 coolies, 79 customs, 169 dominance of Formosan, 49, 54 et seq. expedition to Formosa, 42 influence in Formosa, 174 pirates, 45 population, 86, 87 records of Formosa, 37 et seq. treatment of Aborigines, 88 under Japanese rule, 54 Chinese-Formosans, 37, 38, 51, 52, 58 et seq., 69, 88, 101 dialect, 78 villages, 74 _Chin-Huan_, 103, 104, 111, 127, 128, 154 Circumcision, 192 Clothing, 113 Cogett, Governor, 54 Communal system, 109 Confucian ethics, 81 Confucius, sayings of, 58

Dancing, 113 “Dead houses,” 168 Death, 163 et seq. Deniker’s _The Races of Man_, 110 de Valdez, Don Antonio de Careño, 50 Dgagha, 131 Divorce, 107 Dominican Friars, 51 Dutch, the: dominance of, 47 et seq., 90 education, 91 exit from Formosa, 54 first landing of, 47 influences of, 52, 53, 104, 194, 199 missionaries, 52, 53, 166 records, 166 Dutch East Indies, 54 Dwelling-houses, 173 Dyaks of Borneo, 110, 111 Dyes, 179

Ear-rings, 178, 186, 187 Evil omens, 113 Exogamy, 141, 161

Filipinos, 95 Fokien Province, 41, 42, 87 Foochow, 38 dialect, 87 Fort Zelandia, 49, 50

Game hunting, 119 Gan Shi-sai, 45 Garanbi, Cape, 38, 116 _Geisha_ system, 129 Giran, 71 _Go-ju-sen_, 211 Granaries, 124 Gravius (Dutch Minister), 52 Great Daimyos, 44 Guam, 126 Gynarchic rule, 204

_Hachiman_, 44 Hakkas, 46, 59, 86 Hamay, 95 Hawaii, 28 Head-hunting, 109 et seq. “Hoe-culture,” 125 Holland, 49 Hong-Kong, 37 Houi, Mr., 70

Igorotes, 95, 96 Illness, customs in, 163 et seq. Implements, 183, 184 Inari temples, 209 Indonesian origins, 97 Indoneso-Malay stock, 95 Iron, 41, 42 Ishii, Mr., 100, 101, 105

_Japanese Chronicle_, the, 32 Japanese classification of tribes, 102 et seq. domination of Taruko, 106 education, 35, 89 first associations with Formosa, 44, 47 laws, 118 officialdom, 36, 58, 62 et seq. pirates, 44, 45 population in Formosa, 87 tradition, 134 treatment of Chinese, 89 treatment of foreigners, 33 treatment of Formosans, 31, 32, 58, 89, 100, 198 _Jitsugetsutan_, 196

Kagoshima, 35, 36 Kakring, 130 et seq. Kalapiat, 130 et seq. Karenko, 71, 72 Keelung, 35, 44, 45, 50, 51, 55, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 71, 72 Kipling, 56 Kobe, 32 Koksinga, 45, 54, 88 Korea, 33, 199 Kwantung, Province of, 86 Kyoto, 34

Ladrone Islands, 126 Linguistic affinity of tribes, 98 Linschotten, 46 Little Lu-chu, 43 Looms, 179 Lowie, 125 Lu-chu Islands, 39, 42, 43, 176, 192 Luzon (Philippines), 95, 96

Macao, 49 Mahayana Buddhism, 34 Malay language, 99 Malay origins, 40 Manila, 29 Maori skulls, 96 Marianne Islands, 126 Marin, Mr., 70 Marital fidelity, 128 Marriage, 110, 128, 152 et seq., 190, 191 Masculine vanity, 186 Matriarchate, 27, 28 government by, 201 et seq. Matrilineal tribes, 27, 28 Matrilocal tribes, 27, 28 Ma Tuan-hui, 40 _Mavayaiya_, 118, 136 Melanesia, 176 Millet, 183 granaries, 176 hoe, 179 wine, 118 Mindanao, 50 Ming dynasty, 43, 44 Missionaries, 31, 36, 65, 73 Monkeys, 118 Monogamy, 109, 128 Moors, the, 50 Mother-of-pearl, 178 Mother-right, 109 Mt. Morrison, 38 Mt. Sylvia, 38 Musical instruments, 184 Mutilation, 86 et seq.

Nagasaki, 29 Nevada, 28 New Mexico, 28 _Ni-ju-sen_, 211

Ornaments, 185 _Ottofu_, 163-165, 168, 183, 212 Ox-hide, 47, 48 Paiwan tribe, the, 87, 99, 100, 101 arts and crafts, 174, 175, 177, 196 characteristics of, 103, 211 chieftainship of, 121 contact with the Chinese, 104 head-hunting, 102, 111, 119 marriage, 154, 159 religion, 134-136, 151 trading, 128 traditions, 116 Papuans, 195 Patrilocal tribes, 27 _Pepo-huan_, 103, 104 Pescadores, 39, 44, 47, 49 Philippine Islands, 28, 50, 64, 95, 106 Pigmy people, 106 women, 107, 108 Pinan, 71, 73, 74, 133 _Pithecanthropus_, 28 Piyuma tribe, the, 99, 100 arts and crafts, 196 chieftainship, 121 customs, 117, 118, 122, 188 marriage, 154, 160, 161 religion, 134 Polynesian skulls, 96 Portuguese, the, 46, 94 Pottery, 181 et seq.

Religion, 130 et seq. Reyersz, Admiral Cornelius, 49 Rice-paddies, 30, 52, 60, 61 Russell, Bertrand, 199

Saisett tribe, the, 70, 99, 100, 102 marriage, 162 religion, 148 tattooing, 188 Sakurajuma, 35 Salt, 128 _Samurai_, 63 San Domingo, 50 Schetelig, Arnold, 96 _Seban_, 80, 81, 82, 200, 201 _Sek-huan_, 74, 103, 104 Sex, 153 et seq. Shimonoseki, treaty of, 87 _Shin-shu_, 34 Siam, 43 Sino-Japanese War, 54, 88 Smoking, 113 Solomon Islands, 195 South China Sea, 29 Spain, 50, 51 Sugar, 31 Sui dynasty, 39, 98 Sun and Moon Lake, 196 Suspension-bridges, 177

Tabu, 161, 183 Tagalog tribe, 96, 134 Taihoku, 34, 35, 58, 59, 61, 64, 70 Tainan, 43, 45, 47, 49 Taiwan, 29, 43 Taiyal tribe, the: arts and crafts, 173, 184 characteristics of, 96, 103, 105, 106, 127, 211 customs, 114, 125, 165, 168, 169, 187 head-hunting, 111, 112, 115 marriage, 152, 157, 159, 160 religion, 139 et seq., 181, 212 social organization, 120, 124 tattooing, 160, 161, 188, 191 transport, 196 Takao, 51, 71, 72, 74, 104 Takasago, 45 Taketon-Monogabari, 134 Tamsui, 50, 51 Taruko group, 105 Tattooing, 111, 112, 188 et seq. Taylor, George, 116 Tea, 31 Teeth, 187 Terrace beach, 29, 30 Theriolatry, 135 Tobacco, 114 Totems, 135, 141, 146 Transport, 193 et seq. Tribes, classification of, 103-104 Tropic of Cancer, 30 Tsarisen tribe, the, 99, 100 marriage, 161 religion, 136, 137 Tsuou tribe, the, 99 arts and crafts, 184 customs, 122, 188 marriage, 156 religion, 137-138 transport, 196 Tuber-juice, 179 Tung-Hai, 36 “Two-Button” officials, 34 Tyler, Dr., 200

Van Marwijk, Admiral, 47

Wallace’s _Malay Archipelago_, 99 Wan San-ho, 43, 44 Weapons, 120, 177, 178 Weaving, 179, 180 Weininger, Otto, 203 Wire, 178

Yami tribe, the, 99 arts and crafts, 176, 182, 185, 195 characteristics, 103, 211 customs, 97, 172, 114 religion, 148-150 Yangtsein, Admiral, 42 _Yoshiwara_, 129 Yuan dynasty, 42

_Zen-shu_, 34

_Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._

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Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Second Impression.

A practical guide to historic dress. “Clothes” is a subject that has been neglected by collectors, and this book will be a useful guide to those who desire to repair that neglect by forming a collection.

“A book that is at once the work of an authority on the subject of costumes, and one that helps to enlarge our range of selection.”

_Pall Mall Gazette._

=Chats on Old Miniatures.= By J. J. FOSTER, F.S.A. With a coloured frontispiece and 116 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

This book presents in a concise and popular form a variety of valuable information on the collection and preservation of miniatures, on the leading English and French artists, and on the specimens exhibited in public galleries.

“Mr. Foster is truly a guide, philosopher and friend. He tells us not only how to judge and how to buy miniatures, but how to take proper care of them.... The splendid photographs by which the book is enriched adds in a great measure to its attractiveness and utility.”

_Aberdeen Free Press._

=Chats on Old Lace and Needlework.= By MRS. LOWES. With a frontispiece and 74 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Third Impression.

Written by an expert and enthusiast in these most interesting branches of art. The low price at which the work is issued is exceptional in dealing with these subjects, and it is remarkable in view of the technical knowledge displayed and the many photographic illustrations which practically interleave the book.

“In commendable, clear and concise style Mrs. Lowes explains the technical features distinguishing each example, making the book the utmost value in identifying samples of old lace.”

_Weldon’s Ladies’ Jour._

=Chats on Oriental China.= By J. F. BLACKER. With a coloured frontispiece and 70 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Fourth Impression.

Will be of the utmost service to collectors and to all who may have old Chinese and Japanese porcelain in their possession. It deals with oriental china from the various standpoints of history, technique, age, marks and values, and is richly illustrated with admirable reproductions.

“A treatise that is so informing and comprehensive that it commands the prompt recognisation of all who value the choice productions of the oriental artists.... The illustrations are numerous and invaluable to the attainment of expert knowledge, and the result is a handbook that is as indispensable as it is unique.”

_Pall Mall Gazette._

=Chats on English Earthenware.= A companion volume to “Chats on English China.” By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With a coloured frontispiece, 150 Illustrations and tables of over 200 illustrated marks.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Third Impression.

“To the ever-increasing number of collectors who are taking an interest in old English pottery ... will be found one of the most delightful, as it is a practical work on a fascinating subject.”

_Hearth and Home._

“Here we have a handbook, written by a well-known authority, which gives in the concisest possible form all the information that the beginner in earthenware collecting is likely to need. Moreover, it contains one or two features that are not usually found in the multifarious ‘guides’ that are produced to-day.”

_Nation._

=Chats on Autographs.= By A. M. BROADLEY. With 130 Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

“Being an expert collector, Mr. Broadley not only discourses on the kinds of autograph he owns, but gives some excellent cautionary advice and a valuable ‘caveat emptor’ chapter for the benefit of other collectors.”

_Westminster Gazette._

“It is assuredly the best work of the kind yet given to the public; and supplies the intending collector with the various sources of information necessary to his equipment.”

_Manchester Guardian._

=Chats on Old Pewter.= By H. J. L. J. MASSÉ, M.A. With 52 half-tone and numerous other Illustrations.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Second Impression.

“It is a remarkably thorough and well-arranged guide to the subject, supplied with useful illustrations and with lists of pewterers and of their marks so complete as to make it a very complete and satisfactory book of reference.”

_Manchester Guardian._

“Before setting out to collect old pewter it would be as well to read Mr. Massé’s book, which is exhaustive in its information and its lists of pewterers, analytical index, and historical and technical chapters.”

_Spectator._

=Chats on Postage Stamps.= By FRED J. MELVILLE. With 57 half-tone and 17 line Illustrations.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Second Impression.

“The whole book, with its numerous illustrations of excellent quality, is a _vade mecum_ for stamp collectors, even though their efforts may be but modest; we congratulate Mr. Melville on a remarkably good guide, which makes fascinating reading.”

_Academy._

“There is no doubt that Mr. Melville’s book fills a void. There is nothing exactly like it. Agreeably written in a popular style and adequately illustrated, it is certainly one of the best guides to philatelic knowledge that have yet been published.”

_World._

=Chats on Old Jewellery and Trinkets.= By MACIVER PERCIVAL. With nearly 300 Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

“The book is very thorough, dealing as it does with classic, antique and modern ornaments; with gold, silver, steel and pinchbeck; with the precious stones, the commoner stones and imitation.”

_Outlook._

“‘Chats on Old Jewellery and Trinkets’ is a book which will enable every woman to turn over her jewel-case with a fresh interest and a new intelligence; a practical guide for the humble but anxious collector.... A good glossary of technicalities and many excellent illustrations complete a valuable contribution to collector’s lore.”

_Illustrated London News._

=Chats on Cottage and Farmhouse Furniture.= A companion volume to “Chats on Old Furniture.” By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With a coloured frontispiece and 75 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 15s. net. Third Impression.

“One gets very much for one’s money in this book. Seventy-three full-page illustrations in half-tone embellish a letterpress which is replete with wise description and valuable hints.”

_Vanity Fair._

“Mr. Hayden’s book is a guide to all sorts of desirable and simple furniture, from Stuart to Georgian, and it is a delight to read as well as a sure help to selection.”

_Pall Mall Gazette._

“Mr. Hayden writes lucidly and is careful and accurate in his statements; while the advice he gives to collectors is both sound and reasonable.”

_Westminster Gazette._

=Chats on Old Coins.= By FRED W. BURGESS. With a coloured frontispiece and 258 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Second Impression.

“A most useful and instructive book ... will prove a boon to the intending collector of old coins and tokens, and full of interest to every collector. As was to be expected of any volume of this series, the illustrations are numerous and good, and greatly assist the reader to grasp the essentials of the author’s descriptions.”

_Outlook._

“The author has not only produced ‘a practical guide for the collector’ but a handy book of reference for all. The volume is wonderfully cheap.”

_Notes and Queries._

=Chats on Old Copper and Brass.= By FRED W. BURGESS. With a coloured frontispiece and 86 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

“Mr. F. W. Burgess is an expert on old copper and bronze, and in his book there is little information lacking which the most ardent collector might want.”

_The Observer._

“Italian bronzes, African charms, Chinese and Japanese enamels, bells, mortars, Indian idols, dials, candlesticks, and snuff boxes, all come in for their share of attention, and the reader who has mastered Mr. Burgess’s pages can face his rival in the auction-room or the dealer in his shop with little fear of suffering by the transaction.”

_The Nation._

=Chats on Household Curios.= By FRED W. BURGESS. With 94 Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

“Mr. Burgess gives much information about such attractive antiques as old glass and enamels, old leather work, old clocks and watches, old pipes, old seals, musical instruments, and even old samplers and children’s toys. The book is, in short, an excellent and comprehensive guide for what one may call the general collector, that is, the collector who does not confine himself to one class of antique, but buys whatever he comes across in the curio line, provided that it is interesting and at moderate price.”

_Aberdeen Free Press._

=Chats on Japanese Prints.= By ARTHUR DAVISON FICKE. With a coloured frontispiece and 56 Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net. Third Impression.

“Mr. Ficke writes with the knowledge of the expert, and his history of Japanese printing from very early times and his criticism of the artists’ work are wonderfully interesting.”

_Tatler._

“This is one of the most delightful and notable members of an attractive series.... A beginner who shall have mastered and made thoroughly his own the beauty of line and the various subtlety and boldness of linear composition displayed in these sixty and odd photographs will have no mean foundation for further study.”

_Notes and Queries._

=Chats on Old Clocks.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With a frontispiece and 80 Illustrations. 2nd Ed.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net.

“A practical handbook dealing with the examples of old clocks likely to come under the observation of the collector. Charmingly written and illustrated.”

_Outlook._

“One specially useful feature of the work is the prominence Mr. Hayden has given to the makers of clocks, dealing not only with those of London, but also those of the leading provincial towns. The lists he gives of the latter are highly valuable, as they are not to be found in any similar book. The volume is, as usual with this series, profusely illustrated, and may be recommended as a highly interesting and useful general guide to collectors of clocks.”

_The Connoisseur._

=Chats on Old Silver.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With a frontispiece, 99 full-page Illustrations, and illustrated table of marks.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net. Third Impression.

“Mr. Hayden’s ‘Chats on Old Silver’ deals very thoroughly with a popular branch of collecting. There are a hundred full-page illustrations together with illustrated tables and charts, and the student of this book can wander round the old curiosity shops of these islands with a valuable equipment of knowledge.... Altogether we have here a well-written summary of everything that one could wish to know about this branch of collecting.”

_The Sphere._

“The information it gives will be of exceptional value at this time, when so many families will be forced to part with their treasures--and old silver is among the most precious possessions of the present day.”

_Morning Post._

=Chats on Military Curios.= By STANLEY C. JOHNSON, M.A., D.Sc. With a coloured frontispiece and 79 other Illustrations.

Cloth, 6s. net.

“Mr. Johnson in this book describes many of the articles a collector should be on the look out for, giving short but informative notes on medals, helmet and cap badges, tunic buttons, armour, weapons of all kinds, medallions, autographs, original documents relating to Army work, military pictures and prints, newspaper cuttings, obsolete uniforms, crests, stamps, postmarks, memorial brasses, money and curios made by prisoners of war, while there is also an excellent biography on the subject. The author has, indeed, presented the reader with a capital working handbook, which should prove a friendly and reliable guide when he goes collecting.”

_Field._

=Chats on Royal Copenhagen Porcelain.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With a frontispiece, 56 full-page Illustrations and illustrated tables of marks.

Cloth, 10s. 6d. net.

“This very beautiful and very valuable book will be eagerly welcomed by lovers of porcelain.... Mr. Hayden describes with great skill and preciseness all the quality and beauty of technique in which this porcelain excels; he loves it and understands it, and the examples he has chosen as illustrations are a valuable supplement to his descriptions.”

_Bookman._

=Chats on Old Sheffield Plate.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN. With frontispiece and 58 full-page Illustrations, together with makers’ marks.

Cloth, 21s. net.

Old plated ware has, by reason of its artistic excellence and its technique, deservedly won favour with collectors. The art of making plated ware, which originated at Sheffield (hence the name “Sheffield plate”), was continued at Birmingham and London, where a considerable amount of “old Sheffield plate” was made, in the manner of its first inventors, by welding sheets of silver upon copper. The manufacture lasted roughly a hundred years. Its best period was from 1776 (American Declaration of Independence) to 1830 (Accession of William IV). The author shows reasons why this old Sheffield plate should be collected, and the volume is illustrated with many examples giving various styles and the development of the art, together with makers’ marks. Candlesticks and candelabra, tea-caddies, sugar-baskets, salt-cellars, tea-pots, coffee-pots, salvers, spoons, and many other articles shown and described in the volume indicate the exquisite craftsmanship of the best period. The work stands as a companion volume to the author’s “Chats on Old Silver,” the standard practical guide to old English silver collecting.

=Bye Paths in Curio Collecting.= By ARTHUR HAYDEN, Author of “Chats on Old Silver,” etc. With a frontispiece and 72 full-page Illustrations.

Cloth, 21s. net. Second Impression.

“Every collector knows the name of Mr. Arthur Hayden, and knows him for a wise counsellor. Upon old furniture, old china, old pottery, and old prints there is no more knowing judge in the country; and in his latest volume he supplies a notable need, in the shape of a vade-mecum exploring some of the nondescript and little traversed bye-paths of the collector. There was never a time when the amateur of the antique stood more in need of a competent guide.... The man who wishes to avoid the pitfalls of the fraudulent will find much salutary advice in Mr. Hayden’s gossipy pages. There are chests, for example, a fruitful field for reproduction. Mr. Hayden gives photographs of many exquisite examples. There is a marriage coffer of the sixteenth century, decorated with carved figures of Cupid and Hymen, a fine Gothic chest of the fifteenth century, with rich foliated decorations; and a superb livery cupboard from Haddon Hall. From Flanders come steel coffers, with a lock of four bolts, the heavy sides strongly braized together. Then there are snuffers, with and without trays, tinder-boxes, snuff graters, and metal tobacco stoppers. The most fascinating designs are shown, with squirrels, dogs, and quaint human figures at the summit. Fans and playing-cards provide another attractive section.

Chicken-skin, delicate, white, Painted by Carlo van Loo. The fan has always been an object of the collector’s passion, because of the grace of the article and its beauty as a display. Mr. Hayden shows a particularly beautiful one, with designs after Fragonard, the sticks of ivory with jewelled studs. Then there are watch-stands, a little baroque in design, and table-bells, some of them shaped as female figures with spreading skirts, old toys and picture-books, and, of course, cradles, of which every English farm-house once boasted its local variety. Altogether the book abounds in inviting pictures and curious information, and is certain of a large, appreciative public.”

_Daily Telegraph._

=The Fan Book:= Including Special Chapters on European Fans of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. By MACIVER PERCIVAL, author of “Chats on Old Jewellery and Trinkets.” Fully Illustrated.

Demy 8vo, cloth, 21s. net.

POETRY THAT THRILLS

A COLLECTION OF SONGS FROM OVERSEAS THAT THRILL WITH VIVID DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ADVENTUROUS LIFE IN THE FROZEN NORTH, IN THE OUTPOSTS OF CIVILIZATION AND OF THE HEROISM OF SOLDIERS IN BATTLE

SONGS OF A SOURDOUGH. By ROBERT W. SERVICE.

Crown 8vo. Cloth, 4/6 net. Fortieth Impression. Also a Pocket edition. Fcap. 8vo, cloth, 4/6 net.

“Of the Canadian disciples of Kipling, by far the best is R. W. Service. His ‘Songs of a Sourdough’ have run through many editions. Much of his verse has a touch of real originality, conveying as it does a just impression of the something evil and askew in the strange, uncouth wilderness of the High North.”

_The Times._

“Mr. Service has got nearer to the heart of the old-time place miner than any other verse-maker in all the length and height of the Dominion.... He certainly sees the Northern Wilderness through the eyes of the man into whose soul it is entered.”

_Morning Post._

RHYMES OF A RED-CROSS MAN. By ROBERT W. SERVICE.

Crown 8vo. Cloth, 4/6 net. Sixth Impression. Also a Pocket edition. Fcap. 8vo, cloth, 4/6 net.

“It is the great merit of Mr. Service’s verses that they are literally alive with the stress and joy and agony and hardship that make up life out in the battle zone. He has never written better than in this book, and that is saying a great deal.”

_Bookman._

“Mr. Service has painted for us the unutterable tragedy of the war, the horror, the waste, and the suffering, but side by side with that he has set the heroism, the endurance, the unfailing cheerfulness and the unquenchable laughter.”

_Scots Pictorial._

BALLADS OF A CHEECHAKO. By Robert W. Service.

Crown 8vo. Cloth, 4/6 net. Fourteenth Impression. Also a Pocket edition. Fcap. 8vo, Cloth, 4/6 net.

“It is to men like Mr. Service that we must look for really original verse nowadays; to the men on the frontiers of the world. ‘Ballads of a Cheechako’ is magnificent.”

_Oxford Magazine._

“All are interesting, arresting, and worth reading in their own setting for their own sakes. They are full of life and fire and muscularity, like the strenuous and devil-may-care fight of a life they describe.”

_Standard._

RHYMES OF A ROLLING STONE. By ROBERT W. SERVICE.

Crown 8vo. Cloth, 4/6 net. Fifteenth Impression. Also a Pocket edition. Fcap. 8vo, Cloth, 4/6 net.

“There is real rollicking fun in some of the rhymed stories, and some sound philosophy in the shorter serious poems which shows that Mr. Service is as many steps above the ordinary lesser poets in his thought as he is in his accomplishments.”

_Academy._

“Mr. Robert Service is, we suppose, one of the most popular verse-writers in the world. His swinging measures, his robust ballads of the outposts, his joy of living have fairly caught the ear of his countrymen.”

_Spectator._

THE SPELL OF THE TROPICS. By RANDOLPH H. ATKIN.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Second Impression.

The poems are striking pen-pictures of life as it is lived by those men of the English-speaking races whose lot is cast in the sun-bathed countries of Latin-America. Mr. Atkin’s verses will reach the hearts of all who feel the call of the wanderlust, and, having shared their pleasures and hardships, his poems will vividly recall to “old-timers” bygone memories of days spent in the Land of the Coconut Tree.

THE SONG OF TIADATHA. By OWEN RUTTER.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Third Impression.

Composed on the familiar metre of “Hiawatha,” “The Song of Tiadatha” (Tired Arthur), an extravaganza written in the highest spirits, nevertheless is an epic of the war. It typifies what innumerable soldiers have seen and done and the manner in which they took it.

“This song of Tiadatha is nothing less than a little English epic of the war.”

_The Morning Post._

“Every Army officer and ex-officer will hail Tiadatha as a brother. ‘The Song of Tiadatha’ is one of the happiest skits born of the war.”

_Evening Standard._

SONGS OUT OF EXILE: Being Verses of African Sunshine and Shadow and Black Man’s Twilight. By CULLEN GOULDSBURY.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Fourth Impression.

“The ‘Rhodesian Rhymes’ won for their author the journalistic title of ‘The Kipling of South Africa,’ and indeed his work is full of crisp vigour, fire and colour. It is brutal in parts; but its brutality is strong and realistic. Mr. Gouldsbury has spent many years in Rhodesia, and its life, black and white, is thoroughly familiar to him.... Mr. Gouldsbury is undoubtedly a writer to be reckoned with. His verse is informed by knowledge of wild life in open places and a measure of genuine feeling which make it real poetry.”--_Standard._

FROM THE OUTPOSTS. By CULLEN GOULDSBURY.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Third Impression.

“Mr. Cullen Gouldsbury’s collections of his verses are always welcome, and the last, ‘From the Outposts’ is as good as its predecessor. No one has quite Mr. Gouldsbury’s experience and gift.”

_Spectator._

“It has been well said that Mr. Gouldsbury has done for the white man in Africa what Adam Lindsay Gordon in a measure accomplished for the Commonwealth and Kipling triumphantly for the British race, and he certainly is good to read.”

_Field._

THE HELL-GATE OF SOISSONS and other Poems. (“The Song of the Guns.”) By HERBERT KAUFMAN.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Fifth Impression.

“A singular gift for expressing in verse the facts, the heroism, even the humours of war; and in some cases voices its ideals with real eloquence.”

_The Times._

“Mr. Kaufman has undoubtedly given us a book worthy of the great hour that has brought it forth. He is a poet with a martial spirit and a deep, manly voice.”

_Daily Mail._

LYRA NIGERIA. By ADAMU. (E. C. ADAMS).

Cloth, 4/6 net. Second Impression.

“Mr. E. C. Adams (Adamu) is a singer of Nigeria, and it can safely be said he has few, if any, rivals. There is something in these illustrations of Nigerian life akin to the style of Kipling and Service. The heart of the wanderer and adventurer is revealed, and in particular that spirit of longing which comes to all ... who have gone out to the far-lands of the world.”

_Dundee Advertiser._

SUNNY SONGS. Poems. By EDGAR A. GUEST.

Cloth, 4/6 net.

In America Mr. Guest is an extraordinarily popular writer of verses, though this is his first introduction in book form to the British public. He brims over with sound sense and tonic cheeriness. He is keenly sensible of the humour of domestic life, but is deeply sympathetic with the associations which combine in the word “Home.” Hence he is read by women with amusement and pleasure. During the war his poem, “Said the Workman to the Soldier,” circulated by the hundred thousand. Like Béranger and all successful poets, he is essentially lyrical; that is to say, there is tune and swing in all his verses.

RICHARD MIDDLETON’S WORKS

POEMS AND SONGS (First Series). By RICHARD MIDDLETON.

Cloth, 5/- net.

“We have no hesitation in placing the name of Richard Middleton beside the names of all that galaxy of poets that made the later Victorian era the most brilliant in poetry that England had known since the Elizabethan.”

_Westminster Review._

POEMS AND SONGS (Second Series). By RICHARD MIDDLETON.

Cloth, 5/- net.

“Their beauty is undeniable and often of extraordinary delicacy for Middleton had a mastery of craftmanship such as is usually given to men of a far wider imaginative experience.”

_Poetry Review._

“Among the ‘Poems and Songs’ of Richard Middleton are to be found some of the finest of contemporary lyrics.”

_Country Life._

OTHER WORKS BY RICHARD MIDDLETON

THE GHOST SHIP AND OTHER STORIES. MONOLOGUES. THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY.

THE WAITING WOMAN and other Poems. By HERBERT KAUFMAN.

Cloth, 4/6 net.

“Mr. Kaufman’s work possesses in a high degree the qualities of sincerity and truth, and it therefore never fails to move the reader.... This volume, in short, is the work of a genuine poet and artist.”

_Aberdeen Free Press._

“A versifier of great virility and power.”

_Review of Reviews._

BY W.B. YEATS AND OTHERS

POEMS. By W. B. YEATS. Second edition. Large Crown 8vo, Cloth, 10/6 net.

Ninth Impression.

“Love songs, faery themes, moods of meditation, scenes of legendary wonder ... is it possible that they should become so infinitely thrilling, touching, haunting in their fresh treatment, as though they had never been, or poets had never turned to them? In this poet’s hands they do so become. Mr. Yeats has given us a new thrill of delight, a new experience of beauty.”

_Daily Chronicle._

OTHER POEMS BY W. B. YEATS

COUNTESS CATHLEEN. A Dramatic Poem.

Paper cover, 2/- net.

THE LAND OF HEART’S DESIRE.

Paper cover, 1/6 net.

WHY DON’T THEY CHEER? By R. J. C. STEAD.

Cloth, 4/6 net.

“Before the war Mr. Stead was known to Canadians as ‘The Poet of the Prairies.’ He must now be ranked as a ‘Poet of the Empire.’ ... There is a strength, a beauty, a restrained passion in his war verses which prove his ability to penetrate into the heart of things such as very few of our war poets have exhibited.”--_Daily Express._

SWORDS AND FLUTES. By WILLIAM KEAN SEYMOUR.

Cloth, 4/- net.

“Among the younger poets Mr. Seymour is distinguished by his delicacy of technique. ‘Swords and Flutes’ is a book of grave and tender beauty expressed in lucent thought and jewelled words. ‘The Ambush’ is a lyric of mastery and fascination, alike in conception and rhythm, which should be included in any representative anthology of Georgian poetry.”

_Daily Express._

THE MERMAID SERIES

THE BEST PLAYS OF THE OLD DRAMATISTS

Literal Reproductions of the Old Text. With Photogravure Frontispieces. Thin Paper edition. School Edition, Boards, 3/-net; Cloth, 5/-net; Leather, 7/6 net each volume.

Marlowe. THE BEST PLAYS OF CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE. Edited, with Critical Memoir and Notes, by Havelock Ellis; and containing a General Introduction to the Series by John Addington Symonds.

Otway. THE BEST PLAYS OF THOMAS OTWAY. Introduction and Notes by the Hon. Roden Noel.

Ford. THE BEST PLAYS OF JOHN FORD. Edited by Havelock Ellis.

Massinger. THE BEST PLAYS OF PHILLIP MASSINGER. With Critical and Biographical Essay and Notes by Arthur Symons.

Heywood (T.). THE BEST PLAYS OF THOMAS HEYWOOD. Edited by A. W. Verity. With Introduction by J. A. Symonds.

Wycherley. THE COMPLETE PLAYS OF WILLIAM WYCHERLEY. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by W. C. Ward.

NERO AND OTHER PLAYS. Edited by H. P. Horne, Arthur Symons, A. W. Verity and H. Ellis.

Beaumont. THE BEST PLAYS OF BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER. Introduction and Notes by J. St. Loe Strachey. 2 vols.

Congreve. THE COMPLETE PLAYS OF WILLIAM CONGREVE. Edited by Alex. C. Ewald.

Symonds (J. A.). THE BEST PLAYS OF WEBSTER AND TOURNEUR. With an Introduction and Notes by John Addington Symonds.

Middleton (T.). THE BEST PLAYS OF THOMAS MIDDLETON. With an Introduction by Algernon Charles Swinburne. 2 vols.

Shirley. THE BEST PLAYS OF JAMES SHIRLEY. With Introduction by Edmund Gosse.

Dekker. THE BEST PLAYS OF THOMAS DEKKER. Notes by Ernest Rhys.

Steele (R.). THE COMPLETE PLAYS OF RICHARD STEELE. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by G. A. Aitken.

Jonson. THE BEST PLAYS OF BEN JONSON. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Brinsley Nicholson and C. H. Herford. 2 vols.

Chapman. THE BEST PLAYS OF GEORGE CHAPMAN. Edited by William Lyon Phelps.

Vanbrugh. THE SELECT PLAYS OF SIR JOHN VANBRUGH. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by A. E. H. Swain.

Shadwell. THE BEST PLAYS OF THOMAS SHADWELL. Edited by George Saintsbury.

Dryden. THE BEST PLAYS OF JOHN DRYDEN. Edited by George Saintsbury. 2 vols.

Farquhar. THE BEST PLAYS OF GEORGE FARQUHAR. Edited, and with an Introduction, by William Archer.

Greene. THE COMPLETE PLAYS OF ROBERT GREENE. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Thomas H. Dickinson.

THE ADVANCE OF SOUTH AMERICA

A FEW NOTES ON SOME INTERESTING BOOKS DEALING WITH THE PAST HISTORY, PRESENT AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES OF THE GREAT CONTINENT

When in 1906 Mr. Fisher Unwin commissioned the late Major Martin Hume to prepare a series of volumes by experts on the South American Republics, but little interest had been taken in the country as a possible field for commercial development. The chief reasons for this were ignorance as to the trade conditions and the varied resources of the country, and the general unrest and instability of most of the governments. With the coming of the South American Series of handbooks the financial world began to realize the importance of the country, and, with more settled conditions, began in earnest to develop the remarkable natural resources which awaited outside enterprise. Undoubtedly the most informative books on the various Republics are those included in THE SOUTH AMERICAN SERIES, each of which is the work of a recognized authority on his subject.

“The output of books upon Latin America has in recent years been very large, a proof doubtless of the increasing interest that is felt in the subject. Of these the ‘South American Series’ is the most noteworthy.”

_The Times._

“When the ‘South American Series’ is completed, those who take interest in Latin-American affairs will have an invaluable encyclopædia at their disposal.”

_Westminster Gazette._

“Mr. Unwin’s ‘South American Series’ of books are of special interest and value to the capitalist and trader.”--_Chamber of Commerce Journal._

Full particulars of the volumes in the “South American Series,” also of other interesting books on South America, will be found in the pages following.

THE SOUTH AMERICAN SERIES

1 =Chile.= By G. F. SCOTT ELLIOTT, M.A., F.R.G.S. With an Introduction by MARTIN HUME, a Map and 39 Illustrations.

Cloth, 21/- net. Sixth Impression.

“An exhaustive, interesting account, not only of the turbulent history of this country, but of the present conditions and seeming prospects.”

_Westminster Gazette._

2 =Peru.= By C. REGINALD ENOCK, F.R.G.S. With an Introduction by MARTIN HUME, a Map and 64 Illustrations.

Cloth, 18/- net. Fifth Impression.

“An important work.... The writer possesses a quick eye and a keen intelligence; is many-sided in his interests, and on certain subjects speaks as an expert. The volume deals fully with the development of the country.”

_The Times._

3 =Mexico.= By C. REGINALD ENOCK, F.R.G.S. With an Introduction by MARTIN HUME, a Map and 64 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Fifth Impression.

“The book is most comprehensive; the history, politics, topography, industries, resources and possibilities being most ably discussed.”

_The Financial News._

4 =Argentina.= By W. A. HIRST. With an Introduction by MARTIN HUME, a Map and 64 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/-net. Fifth Impression.

“The best and most comprehensive of recent works on the greatest and most progressive of the Republics of South America.”

_Manchester Guardian._

5 =Brazil.= By PIERRE DENIS. Translated, and with an Historical Chapter by BERNARD MIALL. With a Supplementary Chapter by DAWSON A. VINDIN, a Map and 36 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Fourth Impression.

“Altogether the book is full of information, which shows the author to have made a most careful study of the country.”--_Westminster Gazette._

6 =Uruguay.= By W. H. KOEBEL. With a Map and 55 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/-net. Third Impression.

“Mr. Koebel has given us an expert’s diagnosis of the present condition of Uruguay. Glossing over nothing, exaggerating nothing, he has prepared a document of the deepest interest.”

_Evening Standard._

7 =Guiana.= British, French and Dutch. By JAMES RODWAY. With a Map and 32 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Second Impression.

“Mr. Rodway’s work is a storehouse of information, historical, economical and sociological.”

_The Times._

8 =Venezuela.= By LEONARD V. DALTON, F.G.S., F.R.G.S. With a Map and 45 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Third Impression.

“An exhaustive and valuable survey of its geography, geology, history, botany, zoology and anthropology, and of its commercial possibilities in the near future.”

_Manchester Guardian._

9 =Latin America:= Its Rise and Progress. By F. GARCIA-CALDERON. With a Preface by RAYMOND POINCARÉ, President of the French Republic. With a Map and 34 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/-net. Sixth Impression.

President Poincaré, in a striking preface to this book, says: “Here is a book that should be read and digested by every one interested in the future of the Latin genius.”

10 =Colombia=. By PHANOR JAMES EDER, A.B., LL.B. With 2 Maps and 40 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Fifth Impression.

“Mr. Eder’s valuable work should do much to encourage investment, travel and trade in one of the least-known and most promising of the countries of the New World.”

_Manchester Guardian._

11 =Ecuador.= By C. REGINALD ENOCK, F.R.G.S. With 2 Maps and 37 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Second Impression.

“Mr. Enock’s very thorough and exhaustive volume should help British investors to take their part in promoting its development. He has studied and described the country in all its aspects.”

_Manchester Guardian._

12 =Bolivia.= By PAUL WALLE. With 4 Maps and 59 Illustrations.

Cloth, 18/- net. Second Impression.

Bolivia is a veritable El Dorado, requiring only capital and enterprise to become one of the wealthiest States of America. This volume is the result of a careful investigation made on behalf of the French Ministry of Commerce.

13 =Paraguay.= By W. H. KOEBEL. With a Map and 32 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Second Impression.

“Gives a great deal of serious and useful information about the possibilities of the country for the emigrant, the investor and the tourist, concurrently with a vivid and literary account of its history.”

_Economist._

14 =Central America=: Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama and Salvador. By W. H. KOEBEL. With a Map and 25 Illustrations.

Cloth, 15/- net. Second Impression.

“We strongly recommend this volume, not only to merchants looking ahead for new openings for trade, but also to all who wish for an accurate and interesting account of an almost unknown world.”

_Saturday Review._

_OTHER BOOKS ON SOUTH AMERICA_

=Spanish America:= Its Romance, Reality and Future. By C. R. ENOCK, Author of “The Andes and the Amazon,” “Peru,” “Mexico,” “Ecuador.” Illustrated and with a Map. 2 vols.

Cloth, 30/- net the set.

Starting with the various States of Central America, Mr. Enock then describes ancient and modern Mexico, then takes the reader successively along the Pacific Coast, the Cordillera of the Andes, enters the land of the Spanish Main, conducts the reader along the Amazon Valley, gives a special chapter to Brazil and another to the River Plate and Pampas. Thus all the States of Central and South America are covered. The work is topographical, descriptive and historical; it describes the people and the cities, the flora and fauna, the varied resources of South America, its trade, railways, its characteristics generally.

=South America:= An Industrial and Commercial Field. By W. H. KOEBEL. Illustrated.

Cloth, 18/- net. Second Impression.

“The book considers such questions as South American commerce, British interests in the various Republics, international relations and trade, communications, the tendency of enterprise, industries, etc. Two chapters devoted to the needs of the continent will be of especial interest to manufacturers and merchants, giving as they do valuable hints as to the various goods required, while the chapter on merchandise and commercial travellers affords some sound and practical advice.”

_Chamber of Commerce Journal._

=Vagabonding down the Andes.= By HARRY A. FRANCK, author of “A Vagabond Journey Round the World,” etc. With a Map and 176 Illustrations.

Cloth, 25/- net. Second Impression.

“The book is a brilliant record of adventurous travel among strange scenes and with even more strange companions, and vividly illustrates, by its graphic text and its admirable photographs, the real conditions of life in the backwood regions of South America.”

_Manchester Guardian._

“Mr. Franck is to be congratulated on having produced a readable and even fascinating book. His journey lay over countries in which an increasing interest is being felt. Practically speaking, he may be said to have started from Panama, wandered through Colombia, spending some time at Bogota, and then going on to Ecuador, of which Quito is the centre. Next he traversed the fascinating country of the Incas, from the borders of which he entered Bolivia, going right across that country till he approached Brazil. He passed through Paraguay, cut through a corner of the Argentine to Uruguay, and so to the River Plata and the now well-known town of Buenos Ayres.”

_Country Life._

=In the Wilds of South America:= Six Years of Exploration in Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil. By LEO E. MILLER, of the American Museum of Natural History. With 48 Full-page Illustrations and with Maps. Cloth, 21/-net.

This volume represents a series of almost continuous explorations hardly ever paralleled in the huge areas traversed. The author is a distinguished field naturalist--one of those who accompanied Colonel Roosevelt on his famous South American expedition--and his first object in his wanderings over 150,000 miles of territory was the observation of wild life; but hardly second was that of exploration. The result is a wonderfully informative, impressive and often thrilling narrative in which savage peoples and all but unknown animals largely figure, which forms an infinitely readable book and one of rare value for geographers, naturalists and other scientific men.

=The Putumayo: The Devil’s Paradise.= Travels in the Peruvian Amazon Region and an Account of the Atrocities committed upon the Indians therein. By E. W. HARDENBURG, C.E. Edited and with an Introduction by C. REGINALD ENOCK, F.R.G.S. With a Map and 16 Illustrations.

Demy 8vo, Cloth, 10/6 net. Second Impression.

“The author gives us one of the most terrible pages in the history of trade.”

_Daily Chronicle._

=Tramping through Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras.= By HARRY A. FRANCK. With a Map and 88 Illustrations.

Cloth, 7/6 net.

“Mr. Harry Franck is a renowned vagabond with a gift for vivid description.... His record is well illustrated and he tells his story in an attractive manner, his descriptions of scenery being so well done that one feels almost inclined to risk one’s life in a wild race dwelling in a land of lurid beauty.”

_Liverpool Mercury._

“Mr. Franck has combined with an enthralling and amusing personal narrative a very vivid and searching picture, topographical and social, of a region of much political and economic interest.”

_Glasgow Herald._

=Mexico= (STORY OF THE NATIONS). By SUSAN HALE. With Maps and 47 Illus.

Cloth, 7/6 net. Third Impression.

“This is an attractive book. There is a fascination about Mexico which is all but irresistible.... The authoress writes with considerable descriptive power, and all through the stirring narrative never permits us to lose sight of natural surroundings.”

_Dublin Review._

=Things as they are in Panama.= By HARRY A. FRANCK. With 50 Illustrations.

Cloth, 7/6 net.

“Mr. Franck writes from personal knowledge, fortified by the aptitude of a practical and shrewd observer with a sense of humour, and the result is a word-picture of unusual vividness.”

_Standard._

“A sparkling narrative which leaves one wondering again why the general reader favours modern fiction so much when it is possible to get such vivacious yarns as this about strange men and their ways in a romantic corner of the tropics.”

_Daily Mail._

=The Spell of the Tropics.= POEMS. By RANDOLPH H. ATKIN.

Cloth, 4/6 net. Second Impression.

The author has travelled extensively in Central and South America, and has strongly felt the spell of those tropic lands, with all their splendour and romance, and yet about which so little is known. The poems are striking pen-pictures of life as it is lived by those men of the English-speaking races whose lot is cast in the sun-bathed countries of Latin-America. Mr. Atkin’s verses will reach the hearts of all who feel the call of the wanderlust, and, having shared their pleasures and hardships, his poems will vividly recall to “old-timers” bygone memories of days spent in the land of the Coconut Tree.

=Baedeker Guide to the United States.= With Excursions to Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico and Alaska. With 33 Maps and 48 Plans.

Fourth Edition, 1909. Cloth, 20/- net.

_IMPORTANT._ Travellers to the Republics of South America will find WESSELY’S ENGLISH-SPANISH and SPANISH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY and WESSELY’S LATIN-ENGLISH and ENGLISH-LATIN DICTIONARY invaluable books. Bound in cloth, pocket size.

Price 4/- net each.

Ask for Wessely’s Edition, published by Mr. T. Fisher Unwin.

THE STORY OF THE NATIONS

THE GREATEST HISTORICAL LIBRARY IN THE WORLD :::: 67 VOLUMES

Each volume of “The Story of the Nations” Series is the work of a recognized scholar, chosen for his knowledge of the subject and ability to present history in an attractive form, for the student and the general reader. The Illustrations and Maps are an attractive feature of the volume, which are strongly bound for constant use.

_67 Volumes._ _Cloth, 7s. 6d. net each._

“It is many years since Messrs. T. Fisher Unwin commenced the publication of a series of volumes now entitled ‘The Story of the Nations.’ Each volume is written by an acknowledged authority on the country with which it deals. The series has enjoyed great popularity, and not an uncommon experience being the necessity for a second, third, and even fourth impression of particular volumes.”

_Scotsman._

“Probably no publisher has issued a more informative and valuable series of works than those included in ‘The Story of the Nations.’”

_To-Day._

“The series is likely to be found indispensable in every school library.”

_Pall Mall Gazette._

“An admirable series.”

_Spectator._

“Such a universal history as the series will present us with in its completion will be a possession such as no country but our own can boast of. Its success on the whole has been very remarkable.”

_Daily Chronicle._

“There is perhaps no surer sign of the increased interest that is now being taken in historical matters than the favourable reception which we believe both here and in America is being accorded to the various volumes of ‘The Story of the Nations’ as they issue in quick succession from the press. More than one volume has reached its third edition in England alone.... Each volume is written by one of the foremost English authorities on the subject with which it deals.... It is almost impossible to over-estimate the value of the series of carefully prepared volumes, such as are the majority of those comprising this library.... The illustrations make one of the most attractive features of the series.”

_Guardian._

A NEW VOLUME IN “THE STORY OF THE NATIONS”

NOW READY

BELGIUM

FROM THE ROMAN INVASION TO THE PRESENT DAY

By EMILE CAMMAERTS. With Maps and Illustrations. Large Crown 8vo. Cloth, 12/6 net.

A complete history of the Belgian nation from its origins to its present situation has not yet been published in this country. Up till now Belgian history has only been treated as a side issue in works concerned with the Belgian art, Belgian literature or social conditions. Besides, there has been some doubt with regard to the date at which such a history ought to begin, and a good many writers have limited themselves to the modern history of Belgium because they did not see in olden times sufficient evidence of Belgian unity. According to the modern school of Belgian historians, however, this unity, founded on common traditions and common interests, has asserted itself again and again through the various periods of history in spite of invasion, foreign domination and the various trials experienced by the country. The history of the Belgian nation appears to the modern mind as a slow development of one nationality constituted by two races speaking two different languages but bound together by geographical, economic and cultural conditions. In view of the recent proof Belgium has given of her patriotism during the world-war, this impartial enquiry into her origins may prove interesting to British readers. Every opportunity has been taken to insist on the frequent relationships between the Belgian provinces and Great Britain from the early middle ages to the present time, and to show the way in which both countries were affected by them. Written by one of the most distinguished Belgian writers, who has made a specialty of his subject, this work will be one of the most brilliant and informing contributions in “The Story of the Nations.”

A COMPLETE LIST OF THE VOLUMES IN “THE STORY OF THE NATIONS” SERIES. THE FIRST AND MOST COMPLETE LIBRARY OF THE WORLD’S HISTORY PRESENTED IN A POPULAR FORM

1 =Rome:= From the Earliest Times to the End of the Republic. By ARTHUR GILMAN, M.A. Third Edition.

With 43 Illustrations and Maps.

2 =The Jews:= In Ancient, Mediæval and Modern Times. By Professor JAMES K. HOSMER. Eighth Impression.

With 37 Illustrations and Maps.

3 =Germany.= By S. BARING-GOULD, M.A. Seventh Impression.

With 108 Illustrations and Maps.

4 =Carthage: or the Empire of Africa.= By Professor ALFRED J. CHURCH, M.A. With the Collaboration of Arthur Gilman, M.A.

Ninth Impression. With 43 Illustrations and Maps.

5 =Alexander’s Empire.= By JOHN PENTLAND MAHAFFY, D.D. With the Collaboration of Arthur Gilman, M.A.

Eighth Impression. With 43 Illustrations and Maps.

6 =The Moors in Spain.= By STANLEY LANE-POOLE. With the Collaboration of Arthur Gilman, M.A.

Eighth Edition. With 29 Illustrations and Maps.

7 =Ancient Egypt.= By Professor GEORGE RAWLINSON, M.A. Tenth Edition.

Eleventh Impression. With 50 Illustrations and Maps.

8 =Hungary.= In Ancient, Mediæval and Modern Times. By Professor ARMINIUS VAMBÉRY. With Collaboration of Louis Heilpin.

Seventh Edition. With 47 Illustrations and Maps.

9 =The Saracens:= From the Earliest Times to the Fall of Bagdad. By ARTHUR GILMAN, M.A.

Fourth Edition. With 57 Illustrations and Maps.

10 =Ireland.= By the Hon. EMILY LAWLESS. Revised and brought up to date by J. O’Toole. With some additions by Mrs. Arthur Bronson.

Eighth Impression. With 58 Illustrations and Maps.

11 =Chaldea=: From the Earliest Times to the Rise of Assyria. By ZÉNAÏDE A. RAGOZIN.

Seventh Impression. With 80 Illustrations and Maps.

12 =The Goths=: From the Earliest Times to the End of the Gothic Dominion in Spain. By HENRY BRADLEY.

Fifth Edition. With 35 Illustrations and Maps.

13 =Assyria=: From the Rise of the Empire to the Fall of Nineveh. (Continued from “Chaldea.”) By ZÉNAÏDE A. RAGOZIN.

Seventh Impression. With 81 Illustrations and Maps.

14 =Turkey.= By STANLEY LANE-POOLE, assisted by C. J. W. Gibb and Arthur Gilman.

New Edition. With a new Chapter on recent events (1908). With 43 Illustrations and Maps.

15 =Holland.= By Professor J. E. THOROLD ROGERS.

Fifth Edition. With 57 Illustrations and Maps.

16 =Mediæval France:= From the Reign of Huguar Capet to the beginning of the 16th Century. By GUSTAVE MASSON, B.A.

Sixth Edition. With 48 Illustrations and Maps.

17 =Persia.= By S. G. W. BENJAMIN.

Fourth Edition. With 56 Illustrations and Maps.

18 =Phœnicia.= By Professor GEORGE RAWLINSON, M.A.

Third Edition. With 47 Illustrations and Maps.

19 =Media, Babylon, and Persia=: From the Fall of Nineveh to the Persian War. By ZÉNAÏDE A. RAGOZIN.

Fourth Edition. With 17 Illustrations and Maps.

20 =The Hansa Towns.= By HELEN ZIMMERN.

Third Edition. With 51 Illustrations and Maps.

21 =Early Britain.= By Professor ALFRED J. CHURCH, M.A.

Sixth Impression. With 57 Illustrations and Maps.

22 =The Barbary Corsairs.= By STANLEY LANE-POOLE. With additions by J. D. KELLY.

Fourth Edition. With 39 Illustrations and Maps.

23 =Russia.= By W. R. MORFILL, M.A.

Fourth Edition. With 60 Illustrations and Maps.

24 =The Jews under Roman Rule.= By W. D. MORRISON.

Second Impression. With 61 Illustrations and Maps.

25 =Scotland:= From the Earliest Times to the Present Day. By JOHN MACKINTOSH, LL.D.

Fifth Impression. With 60 Illustrations and Maps.

26 =Switzerland.= By LINA HUG and R. STEAD.

Third Impression. With over 54 Illustrations, Maps, etc.

27 =Mexico.= By SUSAN HALE.

Third Impression. With 47 Illustrations and Maps.

28 =Portugal.= By H. MORSE STEPHENS, M.A. New Edition. With a new Chapter by Major M. HUME and 5 new Illustrations.

Third Impression. With 44 Illustrations and Maps.

29 =The Normans.= Told chiefly in Relation to their Conquest of England. By SARAH ORNE JEWETT.

Third Impression. With 35 Illustrations and Maps.

30 =The Byzantine Empire.= By C. W. C. OMAN, M.A.

Third Edition. With 44 Illustrations and Maps.

31 =Sicily:= Phœnician, Greek, and Roman. By Professor E. A. FREEMAN.

Third Edition. With 45 Illustrations.

32 =The Tuscan Republics= (Florence, Siena, Pisa, Lucca) =with Genoa.= By BELLA DUFFY.

With 40 Illustrations and Maps.

33 =Poland.= By W. R. MORFILL.

Third Impression. With 50 Illustrations and Maps.

34 =Parthia.= By Professor GEORGE RAWLINSON.

Third Impression. With 48 Illustrations and Maps.

35 =The Australian Commonwealth.= (New South Wales, Tasmania, Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Queensland, New Zealand.) By GREVILLE TREGARTHEN.

Fifth Impression. With 36 Illustrations and Maps.

36 =Spain.= Being a Summary of Spanish History from the Moorish Conquest to the Fall of Granada (A.D. 711-1492). By HENRY EDWARD WATTS.

Third Edition. With 36 Illustrations and Maps.

37 =Japan.= By DAVID MURRAY, Ph.D., LL.D. With a new Chapter by JOSEPH W. LONGFORD.

35 Illustrations and Maps.

38 =South Africa.= (The Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, Rhodesia, and all other Territories south of the Zambesi.) By Dr. GEORGE MCCALL THEAL, D.Litt., LL.D. Revised and brought up to date.

Eleventh Impression. With 39 Illustrations and Maps.

39 =Venice.= By ALETHEA WIEL.

Fifth Impression. With 61 Illustrations and a Map.

40 =The Crusades:= The Story of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. By T. A. ARCHER and C. L. KINGSFORD.

Third Impression. With 58 Illustrations and 3 Maps.

41 =Vedic India:= As embodied principally in the Rig-Veda. By ZÉNAÏDE A. RAGOZIN.

Third Edition. With 36 Illustrations and Maps.

42 =The West Indies and the Spanish Main.= By JAMES RODWAY, F.L.S.

Third Impression. With 48 Illustrations and Maps.

43 =Bohemia:= From the Earliest Times to the Fall of National Independence in 1620; with a Short Summary of later Events. By C. EDMUND MAURICE.

Second Impression. With 41 Illustrations and Maps.

44 =The Balkans= (Rumania, Bulgaria, Servia and Montenegro). By W. MILLER, M.A. New Edition. With a new Chapter containing their History from 1296 to 1908.

With 39 Illustrations and Maps.

45 =Canada.= By Sir JOHN BOURINOT, C.M.G. With 63 Illustrations and Maps. Second Edition. With a new Map and revisions, and a supplementary Chapter by EDWARD PORRITT.

Third Impression.

46 =British India.= By R. W. FRAZER, LL.D.

Eighth Impression. With 30 Illustrations and Maps.

47 =Modern France, 1789-1895.= By ANDRÉ LEBON. With 26 Illustrations and a Chronological Chart of the Literary, Artistic, and Scientific Movement in Contemporary France.

Fourth Impression.

48 =The Franks.= From their Origin as a Confederacy to the Establishment of the Kingdom of France and the German Empire. By LEWIS SERGEANT.

Second Edition. With 40 Illustrations and Maps.

49 =Austria.= By SIDNEY WHITMAN. With the Collaboration of J. R. MCILRAITH.

Third Edition. With 35 Illustrations and a Map.

50 =Modern England before the Reform Bill.= By JUSTIN MCCARTHY.

With 31 Illustrations.

51 =China.= By Professor R. K. DOUGLAS. Fourth Edition. With a new Preface. 51 Illustrations and a Map. Revised and brought up to date by IAN C. HANNAH.

52 =Modern England under Queen Victoria=: From the Reform Bill to the Present Time. By JUSTIN MCCARTHY.

Second Edition. With 46 Illustrations.

53 =Modern Spain, 1878-1898.= By MARTIN A. S. HUME.

Second Impression. With 37 Illustrations and a Map.

54 =Modern Italy, 1748-1898.= By PROFESSOR PIETRO ORSI.

With over 40 Illustrations and Maps.

55 =Norway=: From the Earliest Times. By Professor HJALMAR H. BOYESEN. With a Chapter by C. F. KEARY.

With 77 Illustrations and Maps.

56 =Wales.= By OWEN EDWARDS.

With 47 Illustrations and 7 Maps. Fifth Impression.

57 =Mediæval Rome:= From Hildebrand to Clement VIII, 1073-1535. By WILLIAM MILLER.

With 35 Illustrations.

58 =The Papal Monarchy:= From Gregory the Great to Boniface VIII. By WILLIAM BARRY, D.D. Second Impression.

With 61 Illustrations and Maps.

59 =Mediæval India under Mohammedan Rule.= By STANLEY LANE-POOLE.

With 59 Illustrations. Twelfth Impression.

60 =Parliamentary England:= The Evolution of the Cabinet System, 1660-1832. By EDWARD JENKS.

With 47 Illustrations.

61 =Buddhist India.= By T. W. RHYS DAVIDS.

Fourth Impression. With 57 Illustrations and Maps.

62 =Mediæval England, 1066-1350.= By MARY BATESON.

With 93 Illustrations.

63 =The Coming of Parliament.= (England, 1350-1660.) By L. CECIL JANE.

With 51 Illustrations and a Map.

64 =The Story of Greece:= From the Earliest Times to A.D. 14. By E. S. SHUCKBURGH.

With 2 Maps and about 70 Illustrations.

65 =The Story of the Roman Empire.= (29 B.C. to A.D. 476.) By H. STUART JONES.

Third Impression. With a Map and 52 Illustrations.

66 =Sweden and Denmark.= With Chapters on Finland and Iceland. By JON STEFANSSON.

With Maps and 40 Illustrations.

67 =Belgium.= By EMILE CAMMAERTS.

12s. 6d.

_IMPORTANT.--ASK YOUR BOOKSELLER TO LET YOU EXAMINE A SPECIMEN VOLUME OF “THE STORY OF THE NATIONS” SERIES_

T. FISHER UNWIN Ltd., 1 Adelphi Terrace, London, W.C.2 And of all Booksellers throughout the World

* * * * *

Transcriber’s Notes

Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been retained. Original capitalization and spelling has been retained except in the cases of the following apparent typographical errors:

Page 23, “ANTROPOLOGICAL” changed to “ANTHROPOLOGICAL.” (ANTHROPOLOGICAL MAP OF FORMOSA)

Page 95, “Filippinos” changed to “Filipinos.” (resemblance between Filipinos and)

Page 140, “prietesses” changed to “priestesses.” (elderly women are priestesses)

Page 253, under Russia heading, “Mapz” changed to “Maps.” (With 60 Illustrations and Maps.)

Page 46, “outcaste” changed to “outcast.” (the outcast class of China)