Part 4

Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, _Welsh_, signed by 1 _Swede_, 3 _Irish_, 4 _Scots_, 5 _Welsh_, 5 _Scotch-Irish_, 38 _English_, with John Morton, _Swede_, casting deciding ballot ... the thirteen colonies were christened the “United States of America” by Thomas Paine, _English_.

_Social Welfare_

Our first social reformer was Robert Owen, _Welsh_ ... first one to make use of music in social work was Wm. van de Wall, _Netherlander_ ... founder of Red Cross, Clara Barton, _English_ ... founder of Chicago’s famous Hull House was Jane Addams, _English_ ... slums attacked by Jacob Riis, _Dane_, in “How Other Half Lives” ... welfare library on Ellis Island organized by Rev. John Kweetin, _Latvian_ ... anti-saloonist and feminist, Carrie Chapman Catt, _English-German_ ... Atlanta School of Social Work, directed by Forrester Washington, _Negro_ ... Lillian Wald, _German Jew_, a social-welfare leader ... famous home for boys, Father Flanagan, _Irish_.

_Government and Politics_

Two-thirds of our presidents, including Washington, are of _English_ descent ... Martin van Buren and Herbert Hoover, _German_ ... Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt, _Netherlanders_ ... Jefferson, Madison, John Adams, John Q. Adams, Harrison, and Garfield, _Welsh_ ... Monroe, Hayes, Grant, Wilson, and McKinley, _Scots_.

Among our leading statesmen were Hamilton, Calhoun, Webster, Jefferson Davis, _Scot-Welsh_ ... James Blaine, Chauncey Depew, Stephen Douglas, mainly _Scots_ ... Patrick Henry, _Scot-English-Welsh_ ... leading civil service and tariff reformer was Carl Schurz, _German_ ... iron puddler who became Secretary of Labor, James J. Davis, _Welsh_.

First governors: of Delaware, John McKinley; Georgia, John Houston; Illinois, John Boyle; Kansas, James Denver; Louisiana, Wm. Claiborne, _Irish_ or _Scotch-Irish_ ... present governor of New York, H. H. Lehman, _German Jew_; of Illinois, Henry Horner, _German Jew_ ... first governor general of Florida, Bouquet, _Swiss_ ... first president of the Republic of Texas, Sam Houston, _Scot_.

Tammany Society, founded in 1789 by William Mooney, _Irish_, as protest against attempt of wealthy Tories to prevent soldiers and others from voting ... first Secretary of Treasury under Jefferson, responsible for arranging Louisiana Purchase, was Albert Gallatin, _Swiss_ ... first to fight for conservation of our forests was Carl Schurz, _German_.

_Philanthropy_

Astor Library, now part of New York Library, founded by John Jacob Astor, _German_, in 1848 ... 4,000 Negro schools founded by Julius Rosenwald, _German Jew_ ... Chautauqua movement begun by Lewis Miller, _German_ ... gifts during panic of the 90’s, penny meals during World War, foodships to Palestine, and Milk Fund by Nathan Straus, _Austrian Jew_ ... $42,000,000 gift to General Education Board by John D. Rockefeller, _German_.

Libraries founded throughout United States by Andrew Carnegie, _Scot_ ... funds raised to bring Statue of Liberty from France by Joseph Pulitzer, _Hungarian Jew_ ... appreciation of arts and literature stimulated by Edward Bok, _Netherlander_ ... Boy Scouts of America helped by Jacob and Mortimer Schiff, _German Jews_ ... $6,000,000 to Princeton University by H. C. Frick, _German_.

Colgate University founded by Wm. Colgate, _English_ ... $122,000 to Fisk University by James Burrus, _Negro_ ... foundations for opportunities to study abroad and to promote well-being of mankind established by Simon and Daniel Guggenheim, _Swiss Jews_.

_Champions of Human Liberty_

Protest against slavery by Pastorius, _German_ ... author of “Common Sense,” “The Crisis” and “Public Good” was Thomas Paine, _English_ ... powerful leaders against slavery were John Russworm, Benjamin Banneker, David Walker, Harriet Tubman, William Brown, William Still, Samuel Ward, Frederick Douglass, _Negroes_.

Peter Zenger, _German_, defended by Andrew Hamilton, _Scot_, registered great triumph for freedom of press when he won his fight against Governor Cosby of New York.

_National Defense_

Minutemen roused by Paul Revere, _Huguenot_ ... drill-master of Continental armies, who helped to plan West Point, was Frederick von Steuben, _German_ ... $600,000 advanced to Congress and subsidies negotiated from France and the Netherlands by Haym Solomon, _Polish Jew_ ... father of American cavalry was General Casimir Pulaski, _Pole_.

First to lose life in Revolutionary War was Chrispus Attucks, _Negro_ ... first commodore of Navy was John Barry, _Irish_ ... naval hero John Paul Jones, _Scot_ ... $5,000,000 contributed toward War of 1812 by Stephen Girard, _French_ ... famous privateer, who abolished corporal punishment in the Navy, was Uriah Levy, _Jew_ ... British defeated on Lake Erie by Captain Perry, _Scotch-Irish_.

_Labor_

First president of American Federation of Labor, who improved living standards of workers was Samuel Gompers, _English Jew_ ... leader of C. I. O., John L. Lewis, _Welsh_ ... organizer of coal miners, John Mitchell, _Welsh_ ... president of A. F. of L., William Green, _English-Welsh_ ... leader of Amalgamated Clothing Workers, Sidney Hillman, _Lithuanian Jew_.

_Religious Work_

Participating in Washington’s Inaugural was Rabbi Seixas, _Portuguese Jew_ ... one of our greatest clergymen, Jonathan Edwards, _Welsh_ ... leader in welfare and religious work, Huie Kin, _Chinese_ ... first Protestant missionary to West Indies was George Lisle, former _Negro_ slave ... professor of theology at Hartford Seminary, N. Y. Ananigian, _Armenian_ ... authority on early church history is Prof. La Plana, _Albanian_.

_Education_

First book on pedagogy published in 1770 by Christopher Dock, _German_ ... Harvard University named after John Harvard, _English_; Yale University by Elihu Yale, _Welsh_; William and Mary by James Blair, _Scot_; Brown University by Morgan Edwards and Samuel Jones, _Welsh_ ... New York University by Gallatin, _Swiss_ ... Tuskegee Institute by Booker Washington, _Negro_, world-famed educator ... Williams College by Ephraim Williams, _Welsh_ ... one of incorporators of Columbia University was Rabbi Seixas, _Portuguese Jew_ ... Hunter College by Thomas Hunter, _Irish_ ... Creighton University, Omaha, by Creighton brothers, _Irish_ ... Princeton University founded by _Scottish_ Presbyterians ... Barnard College founded by Annie Nathan Meyer, _German Jew_.

Infant school introduced in 1816, by Robert Owen, _Welsh_ ... first German kindergarten introduced in Wisconsin in 1855 by wife of Carl Schurz, _German_ ... a primer, first book produced in Pennsylvania, written by Franz Pastorius, _German_, headmaster of first school in Germantown ... College of Journalism at Columbia University founded by Joseph Pulitzer, _Hungarian Jew_ ... School of Mines founded by Adolph Lewisohn, _German Jew_ ... first English kindergarten founded in Boston in 1860 by Elizabeth Peabody, _English_ ... father of modern American education was Horace Mann, _English_.

World-famous orientalist P. K. Hitti, _Syrian_ ... one of foremost educators was Henry Suzallo, _Yugoslav_ ... Angelo Patri, _Italian_, counsels parents and children ... one of our greatest economists was Thorstein Veblen, _Norwegian_.

_Law and Order_

First Chief Justice of Supreme Court was John Jay, _French_ ... present Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, _Welsh_ ... one of foremost authorities on international law is Stephen Ladas, _Greek_.

* * * * *

_Finns_ work the iron-ore fields of northern Minnesota. ... _Netherlanders_ and _Poles_ developed wood-working trades of Michigan.... _Italians_, _Portuguese_, _Greeks_, and _Swiss_ have built up the grape and wine industry of California.... _Greek_ candy-makers.... _Mexicans_ and _Japanese_ in beet fields of Colorado, Nebraska, and California.... _Italians_, _Poles_, and _Slavs_ in meatpacking, textile, and building industries.

THE PROGRAMS AND THEIR PURPOSE

(_Continued from page 2_)

=10. The Germans.=—The Germans—Protestant, Catholic, and Jew—push frontiers westward, fashion the Kentucky rifle, build “Switzer” barn and Conestoga wagon, and develop agriculture, forestry, music, art, education, and science.

DUBOIS, R. and SCHWEPPE, E. (eds). _Germans in American Life._ Thomas Nelson and Sons, New York. 1936.

FAUST, A. B. _German Element in the United States._ (2 vols.) Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. 1927.

HARK, ANN. _Hex Marks the Spot._ J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 1938.

=11. The Scandinavians.=—Swedes, Norwegians, and Finns settle North-Central States, introducing log cabins, co-operatives, progressive dairy methods, social consciousness, gymnastics, and folk high schools.

BENSON, ADOLPH B. and HEDIN, NABOTH (eds). _The Swedes in America._ Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. 1938.

HAVIGHURST, WALTER. _Upper Mississippi: A Wilderness Saga._ Farrar and Rinehart, N. Y. 1937.

RÖLVAAG, O. E. _Giants in the Earth._ McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, Canada. 1937.

=12. Closing Frontiers.=—When there is no more good free land to settle, immigrants crowd into our cities to supply demand for unskilled labor.

HOUGH, EMERSON. _The Passing of the Frontier._ Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. 1918.

PAXSON, F. J. _History of the American Frontier._ Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. 1924.

=13. The Jews.=—Participating in American life since early colonial days, the Jews make significant contributions to science, industry, music, literature, theatre, law, medicine, and philanthropy.

BROWNE, LEWIS. _Stranger Than Fiction._ Macmillan Company, N. Y. 1933.

DUBOIS, R. and SCHWEPPE E. (eds). _Jews in American Life._ Thomas Nelson and Sons, N. Y. 1935.

WALD, LILLIAN D. _The House on Henry Street._ Henry Holt and Co., N. Y. 1915.

=14-15. The Slavs.=—The Slavs—northern and southern—succeed in making abandoned farms productive and work in our mines, steel mills, automobile factories, packing houses, and forests.

ADAMIC, LOUIS. _Laughing in the Jungle._ Harper and Brothers, N. Y. 1932.

BALCH, EMILY G. _Our Slavic Fellow Citizens._ Charities Publication Committee, N. Y. 1910.

MILLER, K. D. _Peasant Pioneers._ Council of Women for Home Missions, N. Y. 1925.

=16. The Orientals.=—Chinese and Japanese bring artistic sensitivity of Far East. Chinese answer call of railroad, ranch, and factory. Japanese reclaim California swamps and develop farms.

HUNTER, ALLAN A. _Out of the Far East._ Friendship Press, N. Y. 1934.

PALMER, ALBERT W. _Orientals in American Life._ Friendship Press, N. Y. 1934.

SUGIMOTO, ETSU. _A Daughter of the Samurai._ Doubleday, Page Co., N. Y. 1927.

=17. The Italians.=—Early explorers and artisans come from Italy, help to build grape and wine industry, work in our marble quarries, raise vegetables, and help to build railroads, bridges, and highways.

D’ANGELO, PASCAL. _Sons of Italy._ Macmillan Company, N. Y. 1924.

FOERSTER, R. _The Italian Immigration of Our Times._ Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1919.

PANUNZIO, C. _The Soul of an Immigrant._ Macmillan Company, N. Y. 1921.

SCHIARO, G. E. _Italians in America Before the Civil War._ Vigo Press, N. Y. 1934.

=18. Near Eastern People.=—Armenians, Greeks, and Syrians bring philosophy, poetry, medical skill, manual skills, and unique artistic sense.

HITTI, P. K. _The Syrians in America._ Doubleday, Doran, and Co., N. Y. 1924.

MALCOLM, M. VARTAN. _The Armenians in America._ The Pilgrim Press, Boston, Mass. 1919.

XENIDES, J. P. _The Greeks in America._ Doubleday, Doran, and Co., N. Y. 1922.

=19. Other Peoples.=—Hungarians, Roumanians, Portuguese, Bulgarians, Lithuanians, Estonians, and Latvians bring ideas, labor, fine traditions, and esthetic values.

DAVIE, MAURICE R. _World Immigration._ Macmillan Company, N. Y. 1936.

SEITZ, DON CARLOS. _Joseph Pulitzer._ Simon and Schuster, Inc., N. Y. 1924.

=20. Contributions in Industry.=—Each wave of immigration contributes brain and brawn to American life. Group cooperation makes the United States leader of world industry.

FELDMAN, H. _Racial Factors in American Industry._ Harper and Brothers, N. Y. 1931.

KEIR, MALCOLM. _The Epic of Industry._ Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. 1926.

PUPIN, MICHAEL. _From Immigrant to Inventor._ Charles Scribner’s Sons, N. Y. 1931.

=21. Contributions in Science.=—Our country is in the forefront of scientific progress, due to brilliance and inventive genius of individuals of diverse racial and national origins.

BURLINGAME, ROGER. _March of the Iron Men, a Social History of Union Through Invention._ Charles Scribner’s Sons, N. Y. 1938.

DARROW, FLOYD L. _Masters of Science and Invention._ Harcourt, Brace and Company, N. Y. 1937.

KAEMPFFERT, WALDEMAR B. _Modern Wonder Workers._ Blue Ribbon Books, N. Y. 1931.

=22. Arts and Crafts.=—Cultural value of artistic gifts by immigrant groups since early colonial days is a priceless gift enriching the United States of today and tomorrow.

EATON, ALLEN H. _Immigrant Gifts to American Life._ Russell Sage Foundation, N. Y. 1932.

LANGDON, WILLIAM C. _Everyday Things in American Life, 1607-1776._ Charles Scribner’s Sons, N. Y. 1937.

SMITH, SUSAN C. _Made in America._ Alfred Knopf, N. Y. 1929.

=23. Social Progress.=—Champions of human freedom, drawn from many groups, preserve and develop ideals for which the founding fathers fought and died.

WARE, LOUISE. _Jacob A. Riis: Police Reporter, Reformer, Useful Citizen._ D. Appleton, Century Co., N. Y. 1938.

WOOFTER, T. J. _Races and Ethnic Groups in American Life._ McGraw-Hill Book Co., N. Y. 1933.

=24. A New England Town.=—The New England town, founded by early settlers, changes and develops as new groups participate and function in its life.

CHASE, MARY ELLEN. _A Goodly Heritage._ Henry Holt and Co., N. Y. 1932.

=25. An Industrial City.=—A panorama of a rapidly expanding industrial city, peopled by groups drawn from many nations, who learn the American way of democratic life.

BRIDGES, H. J. _On Becoming an American._ Marshal Jones Company, Inc., Boston, Mass. 1919.

LEISERSON, W. M. _Adjusting Immigrant and Industry._ Harper and Brothers, N. Y. 1924.

=26. Grande Finale.=—In a thrilling climax, outstanding people of various cultural backgrounds, from different parts of our country, summarize the story of “Americans All—Immigrants all.”

BEARD, A. E. S. _Our Foreign-Born Citizens._ Thomas Y. Crowell Co., N. Y. 1932.

THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Commissioner of Education, JOHN W. STUDEBAKER, _Administrator of the Programs_, invited the following to serve as Advisers:

LOUIS ADAMIC, _Author and Lecturer_.

EDITH TERRY BREMER, _Director, National Institute of Immigrant Welfare_.

DR. ESTHER CAULKIN BRUNAUER, _Chairman, Committee on International Relations_.

DR. EVERETT CLINCHY, _Director, National Conference of Jews and Christians_.

DR. STEPHEN DUGGAN, _Director, Institute of International Education_.

STERLING FISHER, _Director of Education and Talks, Columbia Broadcasting System_.

JAMES L. HOUGHTELING, _Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization Service_.

H. V. KALTENBORN, _Commentator, Columbia Broadcasting System_.

READ LEWIS, _Foreign Language Information Service, Inc._

MARVIN LOWENTHAL, _Author and Lecturer_.

JAMES G. MCDONALD, _Chairman, President’s Advisory Committee on Political Refugees_.

DR. JOY ELMER MORGAN, _Editor, Journal of the National Education Association_.

DR. CARSON RYAN, _President, Progressive Education Association_.

DR. JAMES T. SHOTWELL, _Director, Division of Intercourse and Education, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace_.

AVENIRE TOIGO, _Executive Secretary, Illinois Committee on Citizenship and Naturalization_.

The Script Review Committee

JAMES L. HOUGHTELING, _Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization Service_.

CLIFFORD I. LORD, _Instructor, Department of History, Columbia University_.

DR. HERBERT WRIGHT, HEAD, _Department of Government, Catholic University_.

Books to Read and Sources of Other Materials

ADAMIC, LOUIS. _America and the Refugees._ Public Affairs Committee, New York. 1932.

ADAMIC, LOUIS. _My America._ Harper and Brothers, Publishers, New York. 1938.

BLANKENSHIP, RUSSELL. _American Literature as an Extension of the National Mind._ Henry Holt and Company, New York. 1931.

BROWN, F. J., and ROUCEK, J. (eds.). _Our Racial and National Minorities._ Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York. 1937.

BROWN, LAWRENCE C. _Immigration, Cultural Conflicts and Social Adjustments._ Longmans, Green & Company, New York. 1933.

CLINCHY, EVERETT R. _All in the Name of God._ John Day Company, New York. 1934.

CORSI, EDWARD. _In the Shadow of Liberty._ The Macmillan Company, New York. 1935.

EATON, ALLEN. _Immigrant Gifts to American Life._ Russell Sage Foundation, New York. 1933.

KLINEBERG, OTTO. _Race Differences._ Harper and Brothers, Publishers, New York. 1935.

LASKER, BRUNO. _Race Attitudes in Children._ Henry Holt and Company, New York. 1929.

OGG, F. A. _Builders of the Republic._ Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. 1927.

RADIN, PAUL. _The Racial Myth._ McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 1934.

SEABROOK, WILLIAM. _These Foreigners._ Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York. 1938.

SPICER, DOROTHY G. _Folk Festivals and the Foreign Community._ The Women’s Press, New York. 1923.

STEPHENSON, GEO. M. _A History of American Immigration, 1820-1924._ Ginn and Company, New York. 1926.

WOOFTER, T. J. _Races and Ethnic Groups in American Life._ McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 1933.

The following organizations and agencies have useful and interesting pamphlets, bulletins, and other materials:

SERVICE BUREAU FOR INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION, 106 Waverly Place, New York.

The Service Bureau for Intercultural Education collects facts about participation of various groups in American life, guides projects in public schools, trains teachers and other community leaders in the technique of intercultural education, and conducts a guidance-by-mail department.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY WOMEN, COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 17th and Eye Streets, Washington, D. C.

AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE, 361 Fourth Avenue, New York.

ASSOCIATES IN NEGRO FOLK EDUCATION, Box 636, Ben Franklin Station, Washington, D. C. (Bronze Booklet Series.)

CARL SCHURZ MEMORIAL FOUNDATION, INC., 225 South 15th Street, Philadelphia, Penna.

FEDERAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES, DEPARTMENT OF RACE RELATIONS, 105 East 22nd Street, New York.

FOLK FESTIVAL COUNCIL, 222 Fourth Avenue, New York.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE INFORMATION SERVICE, 222 Fourth Avenue, New York.

FRENCH INFORMATION CENTER, 610 Fifth Avenue, New York.

INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS, 129 East 52nd Street, New York; also, San Francisco Bay Region Committee, Claus Spreckels Building, San Francisco, California.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, 69 Fifth Avenue, New York.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWS AND CHRISTIANS, 300 Fourth Avenue, New York.

THE AMERICAN-SCANDINAVIAN FOUNDATION, 116 East 64th Street, New York.

THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING UNION OF THE UNITED STATES, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York.

THE KOSCIUSZKO FOUNDATION, 149 East 67th Street, New York.

THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF IMMIGRANT WELFARE, R.K.O. Building, Rockefeller Center, New York.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

(_Continued from page 3_)

Many other persons and organizations added their encouragement and ideas to “Americans All—Immigrants All.” In November, 1935, when it was announced that the Office of Education was to inaugurate a plan of broadcasting, Dr. L. R. Alderman, Specialist in Adult Education, and for many years an ardent contributor to Americanization work, urged the use of radio as a medium for stimulating nation-wide appreciation of the “cultures of the melting pot”. Mr. W. D. Boutwell, Director of the radio project of the Office of Education, was active in developing program ideas and conferring with Miss Roberta Newell of the Radio Division of the New York City Board of Education, W.P.A. Adult Education Program, about plans and techniques used by Miss Newell in her radio series, “America Calling”, which was on the air in the Spring of 1937.

One of the most enthusiastic advocates and supporters of a comprehensive radio presentation of the immigrants’ contribution to American life is Mr. Avenire Toigo, Executive Secretary of the Illinois Committee on Citizenship and Naturalization. He came to Washington in November, 1937, to urge us to prepare and present a program, and later suggested the title “American Panorama”. Mr. Charles P. Schwartz, Chairman of the Illinois Committee on Citizenship and Naturalization, also made several visits to the Office, beginning in 1935, to assist and urge us to increase our efforts in Americanization work.

In the research, planning, experimenting with script mechanisms and production techniques, members of the Staff mentioned elsewhere in this booklet have given devotedly of their time and talents. The Columbia Broadcasting System and the W.P.A. have given indispensable assistance in producing the broadcasts. Acknowledgment is also made to authors and publishers whose books contributed to our thinking.

In preparing this booklet, valuable help was given by Dr. Alain Locke, Howard University, Washington, D. C., and by Mr. W. W. Husband, Washington, D. C., former Commissioner of Immigration.

J. W. STUDEBAKER, _Commissioner of Education_.

* * * * *

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICE OF EDUCATION WASHINGTON

April 15, 1939

Dear Listener:

This booklet is presented in sincere appreciation of your interest in the AMERICANS ALL—IMMIGRANTS ALL radio series.

I am deeply grateful for your patience in the face of delay in getting this booklet to you. When you read it, however, I feel you will be repaid, for no effort has been spared in making it worthy of being read and treasured as a permanent record of the AMERICANS ALL—IMMIGRANTS ALL radio series.

Since the programs themselves could give you only a general panorama of the many colorful and significant contributions made by peoples of many races and lands to the building of our Nation, you will no doubt wish to be in a position to investigate for yourself some of the things which have impressed you as most interesting.

The suggested readings and sources for more material, given in the booklet and the special list should help you in doing this. If this Office can be of further service, please feel free to call upon us.

As an enthusiastic listener of AMERICANS ALL—IMMIGRANTS ALL, you will no doubt be glad to learn that these radio programs have been perpetuated in the form of recordings which can be used on phonographs and on radio playback equipment. You may wish to give this news to teachers, club leaders, and others who would have a natural interest in promoting broader tolerance through understanding. You may also wish to put into their hands the inclosed reference list.

Thanking you again for your abiding interest, I am

Cordially yours,

J. W. Studebaker Commissioner of Education.

* * * * *

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICE OF EDUCATION WASHINGTON

AMERICANS ALL—IMMIGRANTS ALL

A suggested list of “Other Books to Read”

Andrews, Charles McLean: _Our Earliest Colonial Settlements_, New York University Press, New York, 1933.

Baldwin, James: _The Story of Liberty_, American Book Co., New York, 1919.

Beard, A. E. S.: _Our Foreign Born Citizens_, Thomas Y. Crowell Co., New York, 1922.