American Rural Highways

=Necessity for Planning.=--Sometimes highway improvement is the result of spasmodic and carelessly directed work carried out at odd times on various sections of a road, finally...

The systems of highway administration extant in the various political units in the United States present a patchwork of overlapping authority and undetermined responsibility. Hi...

In Chapter IV, mention was made of the variation in serviceability of road surfaces composed of the natural soil existing on the right-of-way of the road. It has been found that...

Tars and asphaltic materials of various kinds are widely used for road construction and maintenance, especially for road surfaces subjected to motor traffic. Materials of this c...

=The Necessity for Drainage.=--The importance of drainage for all roads subject to the effects of storm or underground water has always been recognized by road builders, but dur...

=Transportation Problem.=--Public highways, like many other familiar things, are utilized constantly with little thought of how indispensable they are to the conduct of the busi...

Highways constructed without the addition of surfacing material to the natural soil of the right-of-way are usually called earth roads. But if the natural soil exhibits peculiar...

Vitrified brick roads consist of a foundation course of Portland cement concrete, broken stone or slag macadam, or of brick laid flat, the first named being by far the most gene...

The broken stone road surface, or macadam road as it is usually termed, consists of a layer of broken stone, bonded or cemented together by means of stone dust and water. The su...

The cement concrete road is one of the later developments in highway construction, but the type has had sufficient use to show that it is one of the satisfactory types for heavy...

Proper maintenance of highways is equally important with proper construction. With nearly all types of road construction, the need for maintenance arises soon after the surface...

Classes of Bituminous Materials--Coal Tar--Water Gas Tar--Natural Asphalt--Petroleum Asphalt--Mixtures--Classification According to Consistency--Road Oils--Liquid Asphalts--Asph...

The Necessity for Drainage--Importance of Design--Surface Drainage--Run-off--Ordinary Design of Ditches--Underground Water--Tile Drains--Lying Tile--Culverts--Length of Culvert-...

The Binder--Top-soil or Natural Mixtures--Sand-clay on Sandy Roads--Sand-clay on Clay or Loam--Characteristics--Natural Gravel--The Ideal Road Gravel--Permissible Size of Pebble...

Necessity for Planning--Road Plans--Problems of Design-- Preliminary Investigations--Road Surveys--Alignment-- Intersections--Superelevation--Tractive Resistance--Rolling Resist...