American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick
Chapter 30
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
I. Show how you would:
1. Make an unoccupied bed. (Notice the number of minutes it takes you to do it well.)
2. Remove all the covers from an unoccupied bed and leave the bed to air.
3. Open a bed to receive a patient.
II. Show how you would:
1. Change all the linen and remake an occupied bed. (How long did it take you?)
2. Turn a patient from his back to his side, and the reverse.
3. Remove, shake, and readjust a patient's pillows.
4. Move a patient from one bed to another.
5. Prepare a weak patient to sit up in a chair, and assist him from the bed to the chair.
6. Assist a weak patient from the chair to the bed.
7. Arrange pillows and back rest for a patient to sit up in bed; and also how you would remove the pillows and back rest.
III. Show how you would:
1. Lift a patient who has slipped down toward the foot of the bed, and show what you would do to prevent him from slipping down.
2. Prevent bed covers from resting upon a sensitive foot, leg, abdomen, or arm.
3. Describe and demonstrate every device you would use and every thing you would do to prevent pressure sores.
4. Arrange pillows to support the arms of a person sitting up in bed.
5. Arrange a table or a substitute for a table to support the book or work of a patient sitting up in bed.
6. Arrange the light for a patient who is allowed to read in bed.
IV.
1. Assemble all the articles you would use in giving a bed bath. (How long did it take you?)
2. Show how to give a complete bed bath. (How long did it take you? Did you have to stop the bath to fetch anything you had forgotten?)
3. What special care would you give to the mouth and teeth? to the finger and toe nails? to the hair? to badly tangled hair? How would you cleanse the mouth of a helpless patient?
4. Show how to shampoo the hair of a bed patient.
5. Show how you would give a bath to a baby.
6. Show everything that you would do to prepare a patient for the night.
V.
1. Show how to take the temperature, pulse, and respiration.
2. Show how to cleanse a clinical thermometer.
3. Show how to give a foot bath (_a_) to a patient out of bed, (_b_) to a patient in bed.
4. Show how you would give a cool sponge bath to a feverish patient.
5. Show how to give, remove, and cleanse a bed-pan.
6. Show how to fill and apply a hot water bag; an ice bag.
7. Show how to prepare and apply a mustard paste; a mustard leaf; a flaxseed poultice; hot fomentations; cold compresses.
8. Show how to measure and administer a fluid medicine; pills or tablets.
9. Show how to prepare and administer a salt and water enema to a grown person; to a baby.
10. Show how to prepare steam inhalations.
11. Show how to apply an ointment; a liniment.
VI.
1. Show how you would feed a helpless patient who is lying down.
2. Show how you would feed a patient who is able to sit up but unable to use his hands.
3. Prepare a liquid nourishment tray.
4. Set a tray for light diet; for full diet.
5. Show how to place a tray for a patient unable to sit up but able to feed himself; for a patient sitting up in bed.
6. What personal care should be given a patient just before meals? just after meals?
7. How would you modify the diet of a patient inclined to constipation? to diarrhœa?
VII.
1. Describe effective household methods for removing dust.
2. Demonstrate the cleaning of a refrigerator.
3. Show how to ventilate a sick room while protecting the patient from direct draughts.
4. Show how to clean a sick room with a minimum of disturbance to the patient.
5. Explain how a patient with communicable disease should be isolated.
6. Demonstrate the daily care of a room occupied by a patient with communicable disease.
7. Explain methods of concurrent disinfection.
8. Explain methods of terminal disinfection.
9. Tell how the following should be disinfected: discharges from the nose, throat, eyes, ears, bowels, bladder, wounds, and sores; bed and personal linen; blankets; mattresses; dishes; utensils, especially bedpans and urinals; clothing and person of the attendant, especially the hands; furniture, rugs, and woodwork.
VIII.
1. Name some of the most obvious symptoms of sickness.
2. Name some symptoms that would lead you to take a patient to a doctor; to send for a doctor; to send for a doctor in haste.
3. Name some symptoms that are dangerous to neglect even though the patient feels fairly well.
4. What are some of the symptoms of physical defects in children? Name some conditions that are frequently caused by unremedied defects.
5. Name some diseases commonly ushered in by symptoms resembling those of a cold in the head.
6. What symptoms would lead you to isolate a patient?
7. Give as many illustrations as you can of the part played by good and bad habits in determining health and sickness.
IX.
1. How would you dress a cut? a burn? a sprain?
2. What would you do for a person suffering from colic? nausea? diarrhœa? chill?
3. What are the symptoms of shock? heat stroke? heat prostration? What treatment would you give in each case?
4. What would you do for a fainting person? for a person suffering from nose bleed? from earache? from a cinder in the eye?
5. What course of action would you advise for a person troubled with sleeplessness? frequent headaches? excessive irritability? unusual depression of spirits? unfounded suspicions of other persons' motives? a tendency to have the feelings hurt easily? inability to control the emotions?
X.
1. Why is it better to prevent sickness than to cure it?
2. Name the essentials of good hygienic conditions for babies, for children, for grown people, for the aged.
3. How much of the sickness in the United States is preventable?
4. If part of the sickness is preventable, why is it not prevented?
5. What constitutes adequate care of the sick?
6. What proportion of the young men in your community who were drafted have been rejected for physical disability? How many were rejected for disabilities that might have been prevented?
XI. (Answers to the following questions can generally be obtained from local health officers.)
1. What are the duties and powers of your local board of health?
2. How much did your city or town spend per person last year on health protection? How does this amount compare with the amount spent per person for police protection? for fire protection?
3. Who inspects the water supply in your town? the milk supply? the food supply?
4. In your city, what was the number of deaths per 100,000 of the population from tuberculosis each year for the last five years? from typhoid fever?
5. Is there a tuberculosis sanitarium in your city or county? Are nurses employed to supervise tuberculosis patients who remain at home?
6. What provision does your community make for patients suffering from other communicable diseases?
7. What measures are taken in your community to instruct school children in matters of health? to instruct grown persons?
8. How does your community provide medical and nursing care for persons unable to pay part or all of the cost of such service?
XII. Explain why the following common beliefs are erroneous or unfounded:
1. That a damp cellar causes diphtheria.
2. That night air is harmful.
3. That one should "stuff a cold" and "starve a fever."
4. That almost everyone needs a tonic in the spring.
5. That the health of one's family would be endangered if a tuberculosis hospital were placed on the next block.
6. That clearing up the back yard will protect the children of a family from infantile paralysis.
7. That odorless and tasteless water is necessarily free from harmful germs.
8. That all children should have the children's diseases, and have them as early as possible.
9. That boils are a benefit to the system by removing impurities from the blood.
10. That tomatoes cause cancer.
11. That consumption is inherited.
12. That dirt breeds disease.
13. That diseases come up drains.
14. That if a teaspoonful of medicine does you good, a tablespoonful will do you more good.
15. That instinct teaches a mother how to care for her baby.
16. That low heeled shoes, though suitable for boys and men, cause broken arches in women and girls.
17. That in one's own case, the rule that everyone needs regular meals, regular hours of sleep, and daily exercise out of doors, may be safely violated.
APPENDIX
The New York City Department of Health has kindly permitted us to include the following circulars of information issued by the Division of Child Hygiene.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH THE CITY OF NEW YORK
INSTRUCTIONS TO PARENTS REGARDING THE CARE OF THE MOUTH AND TEETH.
The physical examination of school children shows that in many instances the teeth are in a decayed and unhealthy condition.
Decayed teeth cause an unclean mouth. Toothache and disease of the gums may result.
Neglect of the first teeth is a frequent cause of decay of the second teeth.
If a child has decayed teeth, it cannot properly chew its food. Improperly chewed food and an unclean mouth cause bad digestion, and consequently poor general health.
If a child is not in good health, it cannot keep up with its studies in school. It is more likely to contract any contagious disease, and it has not the proper chance to grow into a robust, healthy adult.
If the child's teeth are decayed, it should be taken to a dentist at once.
The teeth should be brushed after each meal, using a tooth brush and tooth powder.
The following tooth powder is recommended:
2 oz. powdered precipitated chalk. ½ oz. powdered Castile soap, 1 dram powdered orris root. Thoroughly mix.
This prescription can be filled by any druggist at a cost not to exceed fifteen cents.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH CITY OF NEW YORK
Instructions to Parents Regarding the Care of the Nose
The physical examination of school children shows that in many instances they breathe through the mouth because they cannot breathe properly or sufficiently through the nose.
This may be due to bad habits in regard to keeping the nose clean, or, in a majority of instances, to a growth which is known as "adenoids" and which stops up the back of the nose. In either case, the air is not breathed through the nose, and the child becomes what is known as a "mouth breather."
Constant breathing through the mouth causes the child to become pale, restless in its sleep and dull in its actions. The child often speaks as though it had a cold in the head. Frequently there is an almost constant discharge from the nose.
Mouth breathing renders a child especially liable to contract tuberculosis and other infectious diseases; in fact, the child has very little resistance to disease of any kind.
Every child should be given a handkerchief, and be taught to thoroughly blow the nose several times each day. If, after doing this regularly, the child is still unable to breathe properly through the nose, it is probable that an adenoid growth is present. Such children should be taken to the family physician or to a dispensary for further advice and treatment.
Do not wait too long in the hope that the child will outgrow the condition, for the effect of adenoid growths persisting throughout childhood may injure the person for life.
Have your child's throat and nose examined one month after measles, scarlet fever, or diphtheria.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH CITY OF NEW YORK
Instructions to Parents on the Care of Children's Hair and Scalp
Children affected with vermin of the head are excluded from school. The following directions will cure the condition:
Mix one-half pint of sweet oil and one-half pint of kerosene oil. Shake the mixture well and saturate the hair with the mixture. Then wrap the head in a large bath towel or rubber cap so that the head is entirely covered; the head must remain covered from six to eight hours.
(Tincture of larkspur may be used instead of oil mixture. The directions for use are the same.)
After removing the towel, the head should be shampooed as follows:
To two quarts of warm water add one teaspoonful of sodium carbonate (washing soda). Wet the hair with this solution and then apply Castile soap and rub the head thoroughly about ten minutes. Wash the soap out of the hair with repeated washings of clear warm water. Dry the hair thoroughly.
Nits: If the head is shampooed regularly each week as above described, it will cure and prevent the condition of "nits."
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH CITY OF NEW YORK
DIET FOR CHILD FROM 12TH TO 18TH MONTH
FIRST MEAL--ON RISING.
(1) 1 to 2 ounces juice of a sweet orange
or
Pulp of 6 stewed prunes
or
1 ounce pineapple juice.
(2) 8 ounces milk with either zwieback, or toasted biscuits or stale toasted bread.
Note: Fruit must be given either ½ hour before or ½ hour after milk.
SECOND MEAL--DURING FORENOON.
Milk alone or with zwieback.
NOON MEAL.
(1) 6 ounces soup
or
3 ounces beef juice.
Note: Soup may be made of chicken, beef or mutton.
(2) Stale bread may be added to the above.
FOURTH MEAL--AFTERNOON.
Milk or toasted bread and milk.
EVENING MEAL.
(1) 4 ounces thick gruel mixed with 4 ounces top half milk.
Taken with zwieback.
Note: Gruel may be made of oatmeal, farina, barley, hominy, wheatena, or rice.
(2) Apple sauce
or
Prune jelly.
Total milk in 24 hours, 1 to 1¼ quarts.
Note: 8 ounces is equal to a half pint.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH CITY OF NEW YORK
DIET FOR CHILD FROM 18TH TO 24TH MONTH
BREAKFAST.
(1) Juice of one sweet orange
or
Pulp of six stewed prunes
or
Pineapple juice (fresh or bottled) 1 ounce.
(2) A cereal such as cream of wheat, oatmeal, farina, or hominy preparations with top milk (top 16 ounces) sweetened or salted. A glass of milk, bread and butter.
Note: If constipated give the fruit ½ hour before breakfast with water; if not, they may be given during the forenoon.
Raw fruit juice must be given either ½ hour before or ½ hour after milk.
FORENOON.
A glass of milk with two toasted biscuits or zwieback or graham crackers.
DINNER.
(1) Broth or soup made of beef, mutton, or chicken, and thickened with peas, farina, sago or rice
or
Beef juice with stale bread crumbs; or clear vegetable soup with yolk of egg
or
Egg soft boiled, with bread crumbs, or the egg poached, with a glass of milk.
(2) Dessert: apple sauce, prune pulp, with stale lady-fingers or graham wafers
or
Plain puddings: rice, bread, tapioca, blanc-mange, junket or baked custard.
SUPPER.
Glass of milk, warm or cold; zwieback and custard or stewed fruit.
Total milk in 24 hours, 1½ quarts.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
CITY OF NEW YORK
DIET FOR CHILD FROM TWO TO THREE YEARS
BREAKFAST.
(1) Juice of 1 sweet orange
or
Pulp of 6 stewed prunes
or
1 ounce pineapple juice (fresh or bottled)
or
Apple sauce.
(2) A cereal such as oatmeal, farina, cream of wheat, hominy or rice, slightly sweetened or salted as preferred, with the addition of top milk (top 16 ounces)
or
A soft boiled or poached egg with stale bread or toast.
(3) A glass of milk.
Note: If constipated give the fruit ½ hour before breakfast with water; if not, they may be given during the forenoon.
Milk and raw fruit juice must not be given at same meal.
DINNER.
(1) Broth or soup made of chicken, mutton or beef, thickened with arrowroot, split peas, rice, or with addition of the yolk of an egg or toast squares.
(2) Scraped beef or white meat of chicken, or broiled fish (small amount)
or
Mashed or baked potatoes with fresh peas or spinach or carrots.
(3) Dessert: apple sauce, baked apple, rice pudding, junket or custard.
SUPPER.
(1) A cereal or egg (if egg is not taken with breakfast) with stale bread or toast
or
Bread and milk or bread and cocoa or bread and custard.
(2) Stewed fruit.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
CITY OF NEW YORK
DIET FOR CHILD FROM THREE TO SIX YEARS
BREAKFAST.
(1) Fruits: an orange, apple, pear or stewed prunes.
(2) Cereal: oatmeal, hominy, rice or wheat preparations, well cooked and salted, with thin cream and sugar
or
Egg: soft boiled, poached, omelet or scrambled.
(3) Milk or cocoa.
DINNER.
(1) Soup: beef, chicken or mutton.
(2) Meat: chicken or beefsteak or roast beef or lamb chops or fish.
(3) Vegetables: spinach or carrots or string beans, peas, cauliflower tops, mashed or baked potatoes, beets or lettuce (without vinegar)
Macaroni, spaghetti.
Bread and butter--not fresh bread or rolls.
(4) Dessert: custard, rice or bread or tapioca pudding, ice cream (once a week) cornstarch pudding (chocolate or other flavor) stewed prunes or baked apple.
SUPPER.
(1) Milk toast or graham crackers and milk
or
A thick soup, as pea, or cream of celery with bread and butter
or
A cereal and thin cream with bread and butter.
(2) Stewed fruit; custard or plain pudding; jam or jelly.
GLOSSARY
(For complete definitions of the following words the student is referred to general and scientific dictionaries)
A
ANTISEPTIC.--A substance which prevents or hinders the growth of micro-organisms.
ANTITOXIN.--A substance that neutralizes the action of a toxin.
ASEPTIC.--Free from living germs.
AXILLA.--The armpit.
B
BACILLUS (pl. bacilli).--A rod-shaped or elongated bacterium.
BACTERIAL.--Relating to bacteria.
BACTERICIDE.--An agent having the power to destroy bacteria.
BACTERIOLOGICAL.--Relating to bacteriology.
BACTERIOLOGY.--The science dealing with microorganisms.
BACTERIUM (pl. bacteria).--A unicellular vegetable micro-organism.
C
CARRIER.--An apparently healthy person who harbors pathogenic germs in his body.
COCCUS (pl. cocci).--A bacterium of spherical or nearly spherical shape.
COUNTER-IRRITANT.--A substance or agent which if applied to the skin causes irritation and thereby relieves an abnormal condition in another part of the body.
D
DEGENERATION.--A deterioration in cells or tissues of the body so that they become less able to perform their proper functions.
DEGENERATIVE.--Pertaining to degeneration.
DEODORANT.--An agent that destroys odors.
DIGESTIVE TRACT.--The entire alimentary canal, including the mouth, œsophagus, stomach, and the small and large intestines.
DIPLOCOCCUS.--A form of coccus in which two individuals remain attached after cell division has taken place.
DISINFECT.--To destroy the germs of disease.
DISINFECTANT.--An agent that destroys the germs of disease.
DISINFECTION.--The process of destroying the germs of disease.
E
EMETIC.--A substance used to induce vomiting.
ENEMA.--An injection of fluid into the rectum.
F
FECAL.--Pertaining to feces.
FECES.--Matter discharged from the bowels; bowel movement.
FERMENTATION.--Decomposition produced in an organic substance by the action of certain living agents.
FISSION.--The process by which a cell divides into two parts.
FLAGELLUM (pl. flagella).--A long hair-like appendage, by the action of which certain micro-organisms are enabled to move.
FLEX.--To bend at a joint.
FOMENTATION.--See _Stupe_.
G
GASTRIC JUICE.--The fluid secreted by the glands of the stomach.
GERM.--A minute unicellular organism, either animal or vegetable; a micro-organism; a microbe.
GERMICIDE.--An agent having the power to kill germs.
H
HOST.--An animal or plant in or upon which another organism lives.
I
IMMUNE.--Not susceptible to a particular disease; also, a person who is not susceptible to a particular disease.
IMMUNITY.--The state in which an individual is not susceptible to a particular disease.
IMMUNIZE.--To render immune.
INCUBATION.--The interval between exposure to an infectious disease and the first appearance of symptoms.
INFECT.--To communicate disease germs.
INFECTION.--An agent by which disease may be communicated from one individual to another; also, an infectious disease.
INOCULATE.--To introduce any biological product directly into the tissues of the body.
INOCULATION.--The process of inoculating.
INTESTINAL TRACT.--The small and large intestines.
M
MICROBE.--See _Germ_.
MICRO-ORGANISM.--See _Germ_.
MUCUS.--The substance secreted by mucous membranes.
MUCOUS MEMBRANES.--The membranes lining certain cavities of the body, especially the digestive and respiratory tracts.
N
NUTRIENT.--One of several chemical groups to which the essential constituents of food belong.
O
ORGANIC.--Derived from or relating to an organism.
ORGANISM.--An individual that is or has been alive.
P
PARASITE.--An individual that lives in or upon another individual.
PASTEURIZATION.--The process of pasteurizing.
PASTEURIZE.--To subject milk to a temperature of 142°-145° Fahrenheit for thirty minutes.
PATHOGENIC.--Disease-producing.
PERTUSSIS.--Whooping-cough.
PROTEID.--One of the complex nitrogenous substances constituting the essential parts of animal and vegetable tissues.
PROTOZOÖN (pl. protozoa).--An animal organism composed of a single cell.
PUS.--The fluid product of inflammation; matter.
PUTREFACTION.--Decomposition of nitrogenous organic matter brought about by micro-organisms and accompanied by a foul odor.
R
RESISTANCE.--See _Immunity_.
RESPIRATORY TRACT.--The air passages, including the nose, mouth, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs.
S
SAPROPHYTE.--A vegetable organism that lives on decaying organic matter.
SARCINA.--Literally, a bundle. Applied to bacteria grouped in bundles or packets.
SEPTIC.--Putrefying or decomposing; infected by pus-producing bacteria.
SEQUELA.--A disease or unhealthy condition following another disease or unhealthy condition.
SERUM.--The fluid which separates from the clot after blood has coagulated; especially, that containing an antitoxin.
SEWAGE.--Any substance containing urine or fecal matter; also, the substance which passes through sewers.
SPIRILLUM (pl. spirilla).--A variety of bacteria having spirally twisted cells.
SPORE.--A resting stage, characterized by great resistance, into which certain germs enter when conditions become unfavorable for their growth.
SPUTUM.--Spit; expectoration.
STAPHYLOCOCCUS.--A variety of bacteria that group themselves in masses resembling bunches of grapes.
STERILE.--Free from living germs; aseptic.
STERILIZATION.--The process of rendering sterile.
STERILIZE.--To render sterile.
STREPTOCOCCUS.--A variety of bacteria that arrange themselves in chains.
STUPE.--A cloth wrung out of hot water and applied to the surface of the body.
SUSCEPTIBLE.--Lacking resistance to a disease.
SUSCEPTIBILITY.--The condition in which resistance to a disease is low.
T
TETRAD.--A variety of bacteria that arrange themselves in groups of four.
TISSUE.--A collection of cells having the same function.
TOXIN.--A poison produced by the action of micro-organisms.
U
UNICELLULAR.--Composed of a single cell.
UTERUS.--The womb.
V
VACCINATE.--To inoculate with a poison in order to bring about immunity to a disease.
VACCINE.--Any substance which if introduced into the body causes the formation of protective substances.
VOMITUS.--Vomited substances.
INDEX
A
Abdomen, 68
Abdominal binder, 68
Action of drugs, 200
Adenoids, 284
Aged, care of, 303
Ailments and emergencies, 257
Air, 72
Alcohol, 160
Appliances, bed cradles, 173 bedpans, 176 rubber utensils, 138
Applications, local, 220 cold, dry, 231 cold, moist, 235 hot, dry, 225 bricks, 226 flannel, 226 salt or sand, 226 water bags, 225 hot, moist, 227 fomentations, 229 poultices, 227 stupes, 229
Attendant, 127
B
Bacteria, 1, 4, 5 bacilli, 5 coccus, 4 effects produced by, 3 entrance into the body, 9 food of, 2 immunity, 13 in food, 19 in water, 19 methods of study, 1 motion, 5 origin of communicable diseases, 3 parasites, 3, 8 saprophytes, 2 shape, 4 spirillum, 4 spores, 7 structure and development, 4 where found, 8
Bacteriology, 1
Baths, 42, 154 bed, 156 cleansing, 171 cold tub, 97, 171 daily, 24 foot, 165 mustard, 165 hot, 97 infant's, 78 sitz, 176 tub, 154
Bed cradles, 173
Bedmaking, 132
Bedpan, 176
Bed-rooms, care of, 84
Beds, 132 care of, 134 dimensions, 133 rubber pillow cases, 138 rubber sheets, 138 selection of, 132 wooden, 132
Bed sores, 169
Birth registration, 63
Blankets, 140
Bleeding, 272
Blindness, 33
Breast feeding, 73
Bruises, 276
Brush burn, 278
Burns, 277, 278
C
Cancer, 111
Carriers, 17
Charts, 10, 246
Chickenpox, 236
Childhood, see Infancy, 60
Children, care of, 280 with adenoids, 284 with defective hearing, 285 with defective teeth, 286 with enlarged tonsils, 284 with eyestrain, 284 with incorrect posture, 286 with physical defects, 283 with predisposition to nervousness, 292
Chills, 270
Chronic patients, care of, 299
Circulars of information, 318 Department of Health, City of New York, 318 care of hair and scalp, 321 care of mouth and teeth, 318 care of nose, 320 diet of child twelfth to eighteenth month, 322 diet of child eighteenth to twenty-fourth month, 323 diet of child two to three years, 324 diet of child three to six years, 325
Cleaning room, 126
Cleanliness, personal, 41
Clothing, 47 disinfection of, 95 of infants, 68
Coccus, 4
Cold applications, 220
Cold, prevention of common, 241
Colic, 266
Compresses, cold, 232
Constipation, 52, 193, 266
Convalescents, care of, 294
Convulsions, 260
Counter irritants, 233
Croup, 271
D
Degenerative diseases, 20, 24
Development of child, 64
Diaper, 69
Diarrhœa, 266
Diphtheria, 245
Disinfectants, 251
Disinfection, 248
Drainage, 40
Draughts, 32
Dust, effect upon health, 36
E
Ear, disorders affecting, 268
Emergencies, 257
Enemata, 210 directions for giving, 210 for baby, 212
Environment, 29
Eruptive diseases, 236
Excreta, disinfection of, 249
Excretions, 52
Expectoration, 249
Eye, ailments, 267 compresses for, 232 foreign bodies in, 267
Eyestrain, 284
F
Fainting, 259
Fatigue, 53, 106, 181
Feeding of infants, 73
Filtration of water, 50
Flies, as carriers of disease germs, 38
Floors, 120
Fomentations, 229
Food, 35, 48, 188 classification of, 48 for children, 78 for infants, 72
Foot bath, 165
Fumigation, 254
Furniture, 120
G
Garbage, 37
Glossary, 326-330
Growth of child, 64
H
Habits, 82
Hair, care of, 163
Handkerchiefs, 239
Hands, 11, 12, 43, 250
Headache, 257
Heat, application of, 220 exhaustion, 264
Heating, 54
Heredity, 27
Hiccough, 265
House, cleanliness of, 33
Humidity, 31
Hygiene, oral, 44 personal, 19, 28
I
Immunity, 13
Infancy (and childhood), hygiene of, 60 air, fresh, 72 baths, 78 care of eyes, 80 of mouth, 81 of nostrils, 81 of genital organs, 81 clothing, 68 cry, significance of, 82 diet, 74 mother's milk, danger of substitutes, 72 water, 75 weaning, 75 excretions, 67 exercise, 83 growth and development, 64, 65 length at birth, 64 increase, 65 muscular development, 64 special senses, 66 speech, 66 teeth, 66 weight at birth, 64 increase, 65 habits, 82 mortality, 61 nursing bottles, 75 nipples, 75 play, 84 pulse, 96 respiration, 99 sleep, 70 toys, 85
Infection, 1, 43
Inflammation, 220
Inhalation, 213
Insects, 38, 270
Insect bites and stings, 270
Inunction, 214
Isolation, duration of, 247
Ivy poisoning, 270
K
Kitchens, 34
L
Light, 33, 124
Linen, 251
Lysol, 251
M
Malaise, 106
Mattress, 135 care of, 136
Measles, 246
Medicines and remedies, 200 action of drugs, 200 amateur dosing, 202 enemata, 210 inhalation, 213 inunction, 214 patent remedies, 205 sprays and gargles, 213 suppositories, 209
Medicines, administration of, 206
Menstruation, profuse, 275
Mental condition, 104-112
Microorganisms, 9
Milk, 51 pasteurization, 51
Mouth, care of, 160 wash, 182
Mustard paste, 233 leaves, 233
N
Nausea, 265
Nipple, bottle, 77 care of, 77
Non-communicable diseases, 20
Nosebleed, 274
P
Pain, 105
Parasites, 3, 4, 8
Patent remedies, 205
Patient, care of, with communicable disease, 236 with colds and slight infections, 238 with more serious infections, 242 changing sheet, 147 changing, 146 lifting, 146 mouth, 160 moving, 152
Personal hygiene, 19
Pillows, 137 covers, 138, 140
Poisonous drugs, 215
Posture, 286
Poultices, 227, 228
Prenatal care, 62
Prickly heat, 269
Protozoa, 8
Public agencies, 107
Public sanitation, 19
Pulse, 96
Purification of water, 50
Q
Quarantine, termination of, 252
R
Records, 107
Recreation, 55
Rectum, 93
Respiration, 99
Rest, 53
Rooms, 27
S
Saprophytes, 2
Scalds, 277
Scarlet fever, 246
Sewage, 39
Sheets, 137, 138, 142
Shock, 261
Sick-room, model, 118
Sleep, 55, 70
Sleeplessness, 258
Small-pox, 246
Special senses in sickness, 101
Spores, 7
Sprains, 275
Sprays and gargles, 213
Stimulants, in emergency work, 263
Stupes, 229
Styes, 267
Sunstroke, 264
Suppositories, 209
Symptoms, 88
T
Teeth, 45, 160 defective, 286 treatment, 46
Temperature, 92 method of taking, 92 normal, 95
Temperature of baths, 79, 155 of house, 30, 124 sponging for, 177 variations, 114, 206
Thermometer, clinical, care of, 92
Tonsils, enlarged, 284
Tuberculosis, 27-107
U
Urine, 103
V
Vaccination, 13, 25
Ventilation, 29, 123
Vomiting, 265
W
Water, 49 filtration, 50
Weaning, 75
Weight, 65 loss of, 64
Whooping cough, 246
Wounds, 272
[Transcriber's Note:
Punctuation errors (e.g. missing period at end of sentence, missing quotation marks, etc.) and letters printed upside down have been corrected without note. Except where noted, inconsistencies in hyphenation, capitalization, and spelling (e.g. travelling and traveling) have not been changed. The original index had numerous errors, such as references to terms that do not appear in the text. Except where noted below, it has been left as printed.
The following corrections were made:
p. viii: Records, 105. to Records, 107. (under Chapter IV)
p. ix: Care of the Patients with Communicable Diseases to Care of Patients with Communicable Diseases (under Chapter XII)
p. ix: Care of liver, 251. to Care of linen, 251. (under Chapter XII)
p. 15: innoculation to inoculation (Vaccination and inoculation have saved thousands of lives.)
p. 16: principle to principal (principal causes which diminish resistance), to match cited text
p. 37: gerns to germs (through which disease germs)
p. 40: From "_The Human Mechanism_." to _From "The Human Mechanism."_ (to match format of other captions)
p. 41: perferably to preferably (preferably, chloride of lime.)
p. 77: runnnig to running (thoroughly cleansed under running water)
p. 82: symptons to symptoms (other symptoms of distress)
p. 96: thay to they (taken together they are)
p. 108: 8:30 to 8:30 a.m.
p. 111: develope to develop (may develop into cancer)
p. 115: missing degree symbol added (At noon his temperature was 101°)
p. 132: illnes to illness (unless his illness is slight)
p. 136: servicable to serviceable (makes a serviceable cover)
p. 150: paitent to patient (ready for the patient.)
p. 150-151: removed duplication of text in captions for Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 (CHANGING THE DRAW SHEET, and CHANGING A PATIENT FROM ONE BED TO ANOTHER)
p. 161: erroneous italics removed from "patient" and "her" (even a patient unable to sit up can brush her teeth)
p. 167: added missing "bath" (to give a cool sponge bath)
p. 175: ahould to should (the protection of the abdomen should)
p. 177: expecially to especially (if it is especially difficult or undesirable)
p. 177: patients' to patient's (between the patient's back and the pan;)
p. 178: deoderant to deodorant (a properly kept pan needs no deodorant)
p. 183: invarably to invariably (casual visitors almost invariably offend)
p. 189: nurtients to nutrients (pancreatic juice acts upon all three nutrients)
p. 195: solied to soiled (is always superior to soiled linen.)
p. 205: appy to apply (apply even more strongly to using patent medicines.)
p. 211: 166 to 176 (the directions on page 176.)
p. 216: selzer to seltzer (seltzer aperient)
p. 226: slighest to slightest (there is the slightest possibility of scalding)
p. 227: accidently to accidentally (see that the switch is not accidentally)
p. 228: cohers to coheres (when the mixture coheres)
p. 229: annoint to anoint (anoint it with vaseline)
p. 233: dicharge to discharge (If there is discharge from the eye,)
p. 242: chould to should (visitors should be rigidly)
p. 245: himelf to himself (safeguard the patient himself.)
Table between pp. 246-247: diappearance to disappearance (Two weeks after onset and one week after disappearance)
Table between pp. 246-247: pa-patient to patient (after child last saw patient.)
p. 250: If to It (It may be necessary to provide two bedpans)
p. 266: 216 to 193 (discussed on pages 193 and 52.)
p. 280: etter to better (no better place)
p. 300: attenom, to attention (constant attention must be given)
p. 300: rotion to room, (hygiene of the sick room,)
p. 301: salutory to salutary (making the salutary small adjustments)
p. 308: querelous to querulous (sometimes become querulous)
p. 329: Putrifying to Putrefying (Putrefying or decomposing)
p. 331: bed-cradles to bed cradles (Index sub-entry, under "Appliances")
p. 331: Bed-cradles to Bed cradles (Index entry)
p. 331: Bed-sores to Bed sores (Index entry)
p. 331: Brushburn to Brush burn (Index entry)
p. 332: Foot-bath to Foot bath (Index entry)
p. 333: Microörganisms to Microorganisms (Index entry)
p. 333: Pre-natal to Prenatal (Index entry)
p. 334: oss to loss (Index entry for "Weight, loss of")
A fold-out table was facing p. 247 in the original book. For the plain text versions, it has been split into several smaller tables, with the "DISEASE" column repeated in each section. In the third section, "POLIOMYELITIS" has been hyphenated (POLIO-MYELITIS) to save space.
The footnote pertaining to the table is immediately after it, not at the end of the chapter as usual.]