CHAPTER XVI.
CLASSIFICATION.
NECESSITY FOR. BASIS OF. CHARACTERS. SHAPE. ITS REGULARITY. FLAVOR. COLOR. THEIR SEVERAL VALUES. THOMAS' CLASSIFICATION. GERMAN WRITERS. DIEL'S SEVEN CLASSES. MODIFICATIONS BY DOCHNAHL. ROBERT HOGG'S MODIFICATION BASED UPON SEASON. DIEL'S CONSPECTUS OF CLASSIFICATION. DOCHNAHL'S. THE AUTHOR'S CLASSIFICATION EXPLAINED. EXPLANATION OF TERMS. TOPICS COMBINED. CONSPECTUS OF CLASSIFICATION USED IN THIS WORK.
The need of some classification grows more and more pressing, as our fruit lists have become more extended, and they now reach many hundreds. A good and reliable systematic classification has become absolutely necessary, and has received a great deal of consideration.
Upon what principle shall this classification be founded? The common alphabetical arrangement of most text books may be very convenient for a mere dictionary of fruits, but is utterly useless to the novice who does not know the name of his specimen. The arrangement by season and size has its difficulties in the uncertainty and variation of these characters in the different soils and climates of our extended country, and a sub-division and grouping of fruits by their quality of excellence is not only unreliable, but is altogether arbitrary, and subject to the greatest diversity of opinion arising from the various tastes of different individuals. We must look to some marked and reliable characters that are always present, easily recognized, and permanent or fixed. Among these shape or figure stands pre-eminent, notwithstanding the acknowledged fact that some varieties are almost protean. The shape of the general outline appears to be the best character for the broad divisions of a classification. A sub-division may again be made, which is to be based upon the regularity or irregularity of the shape.
The next character, and one of considerable value, is that dependent upon _flavor_ in its broadest characters of sweet and sour, which, though sometimes giving rise to a puzzling question, is, in most varieties, sufficiently marked to constitute the basis of a minor sub-division. _Color_, which is notoriously the poorest character and least esteemed by botanists in their descriptions, on account of its liability to variation, is, however, of sufficient importance in pomology to take a high rank and to appear very prominently in fruit nomenclature. Still it should be reserved for the lowest sub-divisions of a classification.
Among our American writers, who deservedly stand prominent as pomologists, the most satisfactory attempt at classification is found in the little work prepared by J.J. Thomas. No one who has realized the advantages to be derived from the simple and clear sub-divisions made by this author, will ever be satisfied with a fruit-book that is not arranged upon the basis of some classification. Thomas, in his excellent work, makes three great divisions of apples according to their period of ripening, as the _Summer_, _Autumn_, and _Winter_ fruits, to which some of us would desire to add _Spring_, or long-keepers. Each of these he has divided into two classes--those characterized by their flavor as _sweet_ apples, and those possessed of more or less acidity; and each of these classes is subdivided into two sections, according to their color, as striped with red and not striped; so that in this arrangement we have eighteen groups, and, with specimen in hand, this synopsis enables us at once to decide in which of these groups of moderate dimensions we may look for the description we desire; and, if it be contained in the book, it may readily be found. The labor of searching through the whole list is thus obviated.
The Germans have made many attempts at the classification of fruits. Christ, Diel, Dochnahl, Manger and Sickler, have been engaged in this work; and Diel's Synopsis, though far from perfect, has been generally adopted. He makes seven classes, with orders under each. Dochnahl, a later writer, has modified this by making two sections according to the shape, whether _angular_ or _spherical_, and four classes also based upon their form.
Robert Hogg, in his _British Pomology_, which is an excellent account of the apples cultivated in England, has given a modification which answers a good purpose for classification. He makes three great sections, according to season, _Summer_, _Autumn_, and _Winter_. Each of these is divided into two classes, according to shape: 1st, _Round_, _roundish_, or _oblate_; and 2nd, _Oblong_, _conical_, _oval_, or _ovate_. These again are grouped according to their colors: A, _pale_; B, _striped_; C, _red_; and D, _russet_.
As a matter of interest I will give Diel's classification.
CLASS I.--RIBBED APPLES.
1. They are furnished with very prominent, but regular ribs around the eye, extending also over the fruit, but which do not render it irregular.
2. Having wide, open, and very irregular cells.
+ORDER I.--TRUE CALVILLES.+
1. They taper from about the middle of the fruit toward the eye.
2. They are covered with bloom when on the tree.
3. They have, or acquire, by keeping, an unctuous skin.
4. They are not distinctly and purely striped.
5. They have light, spongy, delicate flesh.
6. They have a strawberry or raspberry flavor.
+ORDER II.--SCHLOTTER ÆPFEL.+
1. The skin does not feel unctuous.
2. They are not covered with bloom.
3. They are either of a flat, conical, cylindrical, or tapering form.
4. They have not a balsamic, but mostly a sweetish or sourish flavor.
5. They have a granulous, loose, and coarse-grained flesh.
+ORDER III.--GUELDERLINGE.+
1. They are not balsamic, like Order I., but of an aromatic flavor.
2. They have a fine flesh, almost like that of the Reinettes.
3. They are either of a conical or flat shape.
4. They are most prominently ribbed around the eye.
CLASS II--ROSENÆPFEL--ROSE APPLES.
1. They are covered with blue bloom when on the tree.
2. They have not unproportionally large, but often only regular cells.
3. They emit a pleasant odor when briskly rubbed.
4. The skin does not feel unctuous.
5. They are handsomely and regularly ribbed around the eye, and often also over the fruit.
6. They have a tender, loose, spongy, and mostly fine grained flesh.
7. They have a fine rose, fennel, or anise flavor.
8. They are mostly of short duration, and are often only summer or autumn apples.
9. They are mostly striped like a turnip.
+ORDER I.--FRUIT TAPERING OR OBLONG.+
+ORDER II.--FRUIT ROUND OR FLAT.+
CLASS III.--RAMBOURS.
1. They are all large apples, and comprise the largest sorts.
2. They have mostly, or almost always, two unequal halves--namely, one side lower than the other.
3. They are constantly furnished with ribs around the eye which are broad, rising irregularly, one above the other, and extending over the fruit so as to render it irregular in its shape; they are also compressed, and have one side higher than the other.
4. They are constantly broader than high, and only sometimes elongated.
5. They have all a loose, coarse grained and often very pleasant flesh.
+ORDER I.--WITH WIDE CELLS.+
+ORDER II.--WITH NARROW CELLS.+
CLASS IV.--REINETTES.
1. They have a fine grained, delicate, crisp, firm flesh.
2. They are mostly the ideal of a handsomely shaped apple; in them the convexity or bulge of the middle of the apple towards the eye is the same as that towards the stalk, or not much different.
3. They are all gray dotted, or have russety patches, or completely covered with russet.
4. They have rarely an unctuous skin.
5. They have all the rich, aromatic, sugary, and brisk flavor, which is called the Reinette flavor.
6. They decay very readily, and must, of all apples, hang longest on the tree.
7. The really sweet and at the same time aromatic apples belong to the Reinettes, only as regards their shape, their character, and their fine and firm flesh.
8. Apples with fine, firm, crisp flesh, which cannot of themselves form a distinct class; for instance, the Pippins belong to this class.
+ORDER I.--SELF-COLORED REINETTES.+
1. Having a uniform green ground color, which changes to the most beautiful golden yellow.
2. Having no lively colors or marks of russet on the side next the sun, except those that are very much exposed, and which assume a slight tinge of red.
3. Having no covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes.
+ORDER II.--RED REINETTES.+
Having all the properties of the self-colored Reinettes, but of a pure red on the side next the sun, without any mixture of russet.
+ORDER III.--GRAY REINETTES.+
1. The ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow.
2. The coating of russet, or the russety patches, spread over the greater part of the fruit, are very conspicuous.
3. The side next the sun is often dull brownish or ochreous red.
+ORDER IV.--GOLDEN REINETTES.+
1. On the side next the sun they are washed or striped with beautiful crimson.
2. The ground color changes by keeping to a beautiful deep yellow.
3. Over the ground color, and the crimson of the exposed side, are spread light thin patches, or a complete coat of russet.
CLASS V.--STREIFLINGE--STRIPED APPLES.
1. They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of red.
2. These stripes are found either over the whole fruit, or only very indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun.
3. The stripes may be distinct--that is to say, truly striped; or between these stripes on the side next the sun the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red; but on the shaded side the stripes are well defined.
4. The cells are regular.
5. They are of a purely sweet, vinous, or acid flavor.
6. They have not the same flavor as the Rose apples.
7. They do not decay, except when gathered before maturity.
+ORDER I.--FLAT STREIFLINGE.+
1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye as from the stalk, and are broadly flattened.
2. They are constantly half an inch broader than high.
+ORDER II.--TAPERING STREIFLINGE.+
1. They are broader than high.
2. They diminish from the middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical or pyramidal, and not at all similar to the inferior half.
+ORDER III.--OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL STREIFLINGE.+
1. The hight and breadth are almost equal.
2. They diminish gradually from the base to the apex.
3. Or from the middle of the fruit they gradually diminish toward the base and apex equally.
+ORDER IV.--ROUND STREIFLINGE.+
1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the same.
2. The breadth does not differ from the hight, except only about a quarter of an inch.
3. Laid in the hand, with the eye and stalk sidewise, they have the appearance of a roundish grape.
CLASS VI.--TAPERING APPLES.
1. They have the cells regular.
2. They are not covered with bloom.
3. They are not striped, and are either of a uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the sun.
4. Constantly diminishing to a point towards the eye.
5. They are sweet or vinous, approaching a pure acid.
6. They do not readily decay.
+ORDER I.--OBLONG, CYLINDRICAL OR CONICAL.+
Characters the same as Order III. of the Streiflinge.
+ORDER II.--TAPERING TO A POINT.+
Characters the same as Order II. of the Streiflinge.
CLASS VII.--FLAT APPLES.
1. They are constantly broader than high.
2. They are never striped.
3. They are either of a uniform color, or, on the side exposed to the sun, more or less washed or shaded with red.
4. They have regular cells.
5. They are not unctuous when handled.
6. They do not readily decay.
7. Flavor purely sweet, or purely sour.
+ORDER I.--PURELY FLAT APPLES.+
1. The difference is obvious to the eye.
2. The breadth is constantly half an inch more than the hight.
+ORDER II.--ROUND-SHAPED FLAT APPLES.+
1. The eye cannot easily detect a distinction between the breadth and hight.
2. The breadth rarely exceeds the hight by a quarter of an inch.
3. The fruit, cut transversely, exhibits almost or quite two equal halves.
DOCHNAHL'S CLASSIFICATION.
=SECTION I.--PLEUROIDEA.=--ANGULAR OR RIBBED.
Having sharp or flat ribs, which extend over the length of the fruit and are most prominent around the eye, where they are most generally situated.
CLASS I.--MALA CYDONARIA--QUINCE-SHAPED.
+ORDER I.--CALVILLES.+
1. They have large heart-shaped cells, open towards the axis, or often entirely torn; the cells extend very often from the stalk even to the tube of the calyx.
2. They diminish from about the middle of the fruit, or a little above it, towards the eye.
3. They are regular, and provided generally with fine ribs, which do not disfigure the fruit.
4. On the tree, the fruit is covered with bloom.
5. They are never distinctly striped.
6. Their flesh is soft, loose, fine and light, of a balsamic flavor, similar to that of strawberries or raspberries.
7. The eye is frequently closed.
8. Many of them acquire by keeping an oily or unctuous skin.
GROUP I.--Fruit red, almost entirely covered with red.
GROUP II.--Fruit parti-colored; yellow; very much striped or washed with red.
GROUP III.--Fruit yellow; of a whitish, greenish, or golden yellow.
+ORDER II.--PSEUDO-CALVILLES.+
1. The cells are almost the same as the true Calvilles--very large and open.
2. The calycinal tube is wide and generally very short.
3. They are slightly narrowed toward the eye, and flattened toward the stalk.
4. Their ribs are very prominent, especially around the eye.
5. They are aromatic, and have not the balsamic flavor of the true Calvilles.
6. Their flesh is fine, opaque, a little succulent, and almost equal to the Reinettes.
GROUPS I., II., III., as above.
CLASS II.--MALA PYRARIA--PEAR-SHAPED.
Their flavor is neither balsamic nor aromatic; they are purely sweet or acid; their flesh is granulous and loose.
+ORDER I.--TREMARIA--SEEDS LOOSE.+
1. They are almost always large apples, the skin of which is neither unctuous nor covered with bloom.
2. They are also furnished with ribs; but they are not so regular as in the Calvilles.
3. The cells are very large, irregular, widened, and generally open.
4. The calycinal tube is most generally widely conical, and does not extend to the cells.
5. They are of a flattened, conical, cylindrical or pointed shape.
6. Their flesh is loose, more often a little coarse, and of a slightly balsamic flavor.
7. The leaves of these trees are very large, rather deeply dentated, and less downy than those of the Calvilles.
GROUP I.--_Unicolores_--Green, greenish, yellow, or golden yellow, and slightly tinged with red.
GROUP II.--_Bicolores_--Yellow or green, and distinctly striped or washed with red.
+ORDER II.--RAMBURES.+
1. They are all very large.
2. They have almost always the two halves unequal.
3. They are constantly broader than high, and appear sometimes higher than they are.
4. They are not furnished with ribs, except around the eye; these are often irregular in numbers, and frequently form broad projections on the fruit.
5. They do not decay, but shrivel when they have passed maturity.
6. The flesh is coarsely granulous, rarely aromatic, nevertheless often very agreeable.
GROUP I.--_Capsulis amplis_--Wide cells.
GROUP II.--_Capsulis angustis_--Narrow cells.
SECTION II.--SPHÆROIDÆ--SPHERICAL.
They have sometimes prominences on the fruit and around the eye, but never true ribs.
CLASS III.--MALA MESPILARIA--MEDLAR SHAPED.
Their flavor is sweet, aromatic, similar to that of the Rose, fennel or anise.
+ORDER I.--APIANA, OR ROSE APPLES.+
Their flesh is soft, loose, marrowy, very fine grain, and of a snow white color.
2. The cells are almost always regular and closed.
3. They are regularly ribbed around the eye, and often also over the fruit, but sometimes not at all ribbed.
4. They have a balsamic flavor, accompanied with a very agreeable odor.
5. They emit a pleasant odor when briskly rubbed.
6. When on the tree they are frequently covered with a blue bloom, and striped like a Tulip.
7. The fruit is mostly small, or middle sized.
8. They are mostly of short duration, and lose their good flavor the same year.
GROUP I.--_Oblongi_--Oblong fruit.
GROUP II.--_Sphærici_--Round or flattened.
+ORDER II.--REINETTA--REINETTES.+
1. These are apples which generally have the most regular and handsome shape, having the bulge in the middle, at the same distance from the eye as from the stalk.
2. All are dotted, clouded, or entirely covered with russet.
3. They are very rarely inclined to be unctuous, but generally rough when handled.
4. They all decay very readily; (they must therefore be left as long as possible on the tree.)
5. Their flesh is fine grained, crisp, firm, or fine and delicate.
6. They are all charged with only a balsamic, sugary acid, which is called Reinette-flavored.
GROUP I.--_Unicolores._--1. Having uniform green ground color, which changes to the most beautiful golden yellow.
2. Having no lively colors or marks of russet on the side next the sun, except those that are very much exposed, and are slightly tinged with red.
3. Having no covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes.
GROUP II.--_Rubri_--Fruit red; having all the properties of the self-colored Reinettes; but on the side next the sun they are of a red color, with a mixture of russet.
GROUP III.--_Ravi_--Russeted.
1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy, dull yellow.
2. The coatings of russet are very conspicuous.
3. The side next the sun is often dingy, brownish, or ochreous red.
4. They all decay very readily.
GROUP IV.--_Aurei_--Yellow or golden fruit, Golden Reinettes.
1. On the side next the sun they are washed or striped with beautiful crimson.
2. The ground color changes, by keeping, to beautiful deep yellow.
3. Over the crimson there is a light thin trace, or a complete covering of russet.
CLASS IV.--MALA MALARIA--PERFECT OR PURE APPLE-SHAPED.
They are of a perfectly sweet or vinous flavor, approaching to pure acid.
+ORDER I.--STRIOLA, OR STRIPED.+
1. They are almost always marked with broken stripes of red.
2. These are either over the whole fruit, or only indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun.
3. The stripes may all be distinct--that is, clearly and finely striped; or between these stripes, on the side next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded or washed with red; but on the shaded side the stripes are well defined.
4. The cells are regular.
5. The fruit does not decay, except when gathered before maturity, or after the period when it has been properly ripened.
GROUP I.--_Depressa_--Flat.
1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye as from the stalk, and are broadly flattened.
2. They are always half an inch broader than high.
GROUP II.--_Acuminati_--Pointed.
1. They are broader than high.
2. They diminish from the middle of the apple toward the eye, so that the superior half is conical, and is not at all similar to the inferior half.
GROUP III.--_Oblongi_--Oblong or cylindrical.
1. The hight and breadth are almost equal.
2. They diminish gradually from the base to the apex.
3. Or, from the middle of the fruit they gradually diminish toward the base and apex equally.
GROUP IV.--_Sphærici_--Round.
1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the same.
2. The breadth does not differ from the hight, except only about a quarter of an inch.
3. When laid on their side they present a spherical shape.
+ORDER II.--CONTUBERNALIA--STORING APPLES.+
1. Having the cells regular.
2. They are not striped, and are either of a uniform color or washed with red on the side next the sun.
3. They do not readily decay.
4. They are not unctuous when handled.
5. They are never covered with bloom.
GROUP I.--_Acuminati_--Tapering, diminishing toward the eye.
GROUP II.--_Depressi_--Flat. These are constantly broader than high.[47]
After a long and careful consideration and study of this subject, I have prepared the following formula for the CLASSIFICATION OF APPLES. It consists of four classes that are based upon the general figure of the fruit; with two orders, that are distinguished by a modification of the form, causing the fruit to be regular, or irregular, and angular. The characters upon which the classes are founded are exemplified by a vertical section through the length of the axis of the fruit. Those by which the Orders are distinguished are shown by a transverse section, made at right angles to the axis, or by holding the fruit with the blossom end toward the eye.[48]
Each of these Orders may contain two _Sections_, characterized by their flavor as sweet and sour; and each of these may again be sub-divided into three _Sub-sections_, that are based upon color.
CLASS I.--OBLATE OR FLAT, having the axis shorter than the transverse diameter.
ORDER I.--REGULAR.
ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.
SECTION 1.--Sweet.
SECTION 2.--Sour.
SUB-SECTION 1.--Pale or blushed, more or less, but self-colored and not striped.
SUB-SECTION 2.--Striped or Splashed.
SUB-SECTION 3.--Russeted.
CLASS II.--CONICAL, tapering decidedly toward the eye, and becoming OVATE when larger in the middle and tapering to each end, the axial diameter being the shorter.
ORDERS I and II.
SECTIONS 1 and 2.
SUB-SECTIONS 1, 2, and 3.
CLASS III.--ROUND, GLOBULAR or nearly so, having the axial and transverse diameters about equal, the former often shorter by less than one-quarter of the latter. The ends are often so flattened as to look truncated, when the fruit appears to be cylindrical or globular-oblate.
ORDERS, SECTIONS, and SUB-SECTIONS, as above.
CLASS IV.--OBLONG, in which the axis is longer than the transverse diameter, or appears so. These may also be truncate or cylindrical.
ORDERS, SECTIONS, and SUB-SECTIONS, as above.
FOOTNOTES:
[47] As translated for R. Hogg's British Pomology.
[48] Figures 36 to 46, pp. 355 to 356.
DESCRIPTIONS OF APPLES.
ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR CLASSIFICATION ALPHABETICALLY, UNDER EACH DIVISION.
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR IN FORM.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED, NOT STRIPED.
=Camack Sweet.=
This newly introduced sort is said to have originated in North Carolina or Georgia. The trees cultivated in the Northern States are yet too young for us to judge of their characteristics, but they appear to be healthy and vigorous.
Fruit medium to large, flat, regular.
Surface smooth, greenish-white, rarely blushed with red.
Basin broad, shallow, and regular or wavy; Eye medium, open.
Cavity deep, acute; Stem rather long; Flesh yellowish, firm, rather tough, but juicy, rich and sweet.
This variety keeps well, lasting until May. Not yet sufficiently tested in the North.
=Campfield.=
NEWARK SWEETING.
Tree vigorous, spreading, productive. This fruit is especially valuable for cider, but it may be used also in the kitchen; being a long keeper and often beautifully colored at maturity in the spring, it is often exposed on the fruit-stands, where it attracts purchasers by the great beauty of its brilliant colors.
Fruit always fair, but its figure is variable, being sometimes globular or conical. The characteristic form is round-oblate, regular; Size medium.
Surface very smooth, of a dull green, often suffused with a faint blush on the exposed side; but at maturity, bright lemon yellow, shaded with carmine; Dots minute, gray and indented.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye rather large, closed; Segments of medium length.
Cavity regular, with medium width and depth; Stem medium, rather stout.
Core wide, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh white, firm, tough; Juice very sweet and rich at maturity, making excellent cider.
Season, December until March.
=Dillingham.=
This variety was found in an old orchard of D.C. Richmond, near Sandusky, Ohio. Tree productive, and sufficiently vigorous.
Fruit round-oblate rather than flat, generally regular and of medium size; Surface rough, yellowish-green, and bronzed, or shaded with a purplish tint; Dots numerous russet.
Basin wide, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity rather deep, wide, regular, wavy, brown; Stem sometimes long, of medium size, red.
Core small and closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, large, brown.
Flesh yellow; Flavor sweet, juicy; Use, good for baking; Season, November to February. Not highly esteemed nor largely cultivated, though its productiveness and sweetness would render it desirable for stock-feeding.
=Ene's Winter Sweet.=
From J.S. Downer, Elkton, Kentucky; a southern fruit of some merit.
Fruit medium, flat, regular; Surface roughish, uneven, greenish-yellow, blushed and russeted; Dots numerous, minute, russet veined.
Basin abrupt, regular, leather-cracked; Eye large, open.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem medium.
Core round, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, imperfect; Flesh yellow, fine grained; Flavor very sweet, rich; Quality quite good; Use, table; Season, December.
=Green Sweet.=
HONEY GREENING.
Tree vigorous and productive in most situations where cultivated, but is not much planted in the West.
Fruit rather small, regular, and usually flat, though sometimes conical; Surface smooth, green; Dots whitish, with green bases.
Basin rather shallow and wavy; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, regular and brown; Stem long and stout.
Core closed, regular, meeting the eye, containing numerous angular, acuminate brown seeds; Flesh greenish-white, breaking, tender, juicy and fine grained; very sweet, and valued for baking and market; those who do not admire sweet apples would hardly consider it second rate.
Season from December to February, or March.
=Haskell's Sweet.=
Found in the orchard of Dr. Geo. Haskell, at Rockford, Illinois.
Fruit large, flat, regular; Surface green, bronzy; Dots numerous, large, white.
Basin deep; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem short.
Core closed; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow, juicy; Flavor sweet, rich; Quality very good; Use, baking; Season August, September.
A practical test at the table of mine host must convince any one that either the apple or the cook, or both, are eminently deserving. This is supposed to be the Massachusetts variety of the same name.
=Hay Boys.=
I do not know where this summer apple was produced, or christened with its peculiar cognomen; Specimens received from H.N. Gillett, Lawrence Co., Ohio.
Fruit large, oblate, regular or slightly angular; Surface pale yellow; Dots numerous, dark, prominent.
Basin wide, abrupt, wavy; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, folded, green; Stem long.
Core very wide, flat, open, clasping the eye; Flesh yellow, fine grained, breaking; Flavor sweet; Quality good, to very good; Use, table and baking; Season, August.
=Lancaster Sweet.=
Origin unknown, grown in Central Ohio, where it is much admired for baking and apple butter.
Fruit medium, regular, oblate, slightly conical; Surface green; Dots scattered, dark, minute.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, closed; Segments of calyx long and reflexed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem very short and small.
Core medium, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, dark, plump; Flesh greenish-white, tender, fine grained, juicy, rich; very sweet.
Quality not first rate, except for cooking; Season September and October.
=London Sweet.=
This vigorous, upright, and productive tree is supposed to have had its origin near Dayton, Ohio, whence it has been largely disseminated, giving entire satisfaction to all of its planters. Foliage abundant, and quite dark colored.
Fruit always fair, regular, flat, and of large size; Surface smooth, pale yellow, with scattered dots that are often colored.
Basin abrupt, regular, often having concentric cracks; Eye small and closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem short, rather thick.
Core medium width and closed, clasping the eye; Axis very short; Seeds variable, some being plump and some imperfect; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, rather dry, but very sweet; Quality good; and considered by some persons the very best baking apple of its season, which is from November to January or later.
=Mountain Sweet.=
MOUNTAINEER.
From Pennsylvania; exhibited by Joel Wood, before the Ohio Pomological Society.
Fruit large, beautiful, but too delicate for transportation, oblate; Surface smooth, light, yellow; Dots minute.
Basin wide, wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem short, slender.
Core wide, open, dark, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed; Flesh white, breaking, very tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality good to very good; Use, table, baking; Season, December.
A rival of _Broadwell_ or _Ladies' Sweeting_.
=Munson Sweet.=
ORANGE SWEET.
This New England variety is considered quite promising in its new western homes, where, however, it is not yet widely known or tested. Tree vigorous, spreading, and productive when established; said to be a regular bearer.
Fruit medium, flat; Surface smooth, green, becoming yellow; Dots minute.
Basin small, abrupt, often folded or plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem medium or short.
Core small, closed; Seeds plump; Flesh yellowish-white, fine grained, tender, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality nearly first rate; Valuable for baking; Season early winter.
=Snepps'.=
JNO. SNEPPS'.
This fine apple is believed to have originated at Edinburgh, Indiana, and was brought to the notice of the State Society by the orchardist whose name it bears, and by whom it has been distributed. As it appears to be distinct from any known fruit, it is here described. Tree vigorous and sufficiently productive.
Fruit above medium, almost large, flat, generally regular.
Surface nearly smooth, of a dull green, becoming pale yellow, with numerous dark dots, that often give it a gray appearance.
Basin rather shallow, sometimes folded or wavy; Eye large and closed; Segments of the calyx coarse.
Cavity acute, regular, rather deep; Stem medium to short, stout.
Core large but closed; Seeds numerous, pointed, brown; Flesh yellowish, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor very rich, and agreeably sweet when ripe; Use, fine dessert fruit, and good for cooking; Season, December to March.
=Superb Sweet.=
This variety is worthy of more attention than it has received; native of Massachusetts, where it is a vigorous and productive tree. Its period of maturity makes it less valuable than it would otherwise be.
Fruit above medium, roundish; Surface smooth, of a pale yellow color, often shaded with red.
Basin rather shallow, broad; Calyx large, open.
Cavity regular, deep; Stalk long.
Flesh white, fine grained, tender, juicy; Flavor rich, sweet.
Cole gives its season as September and October, in Massachusetts.
=Trumbull Sweet.=
FENTON SWEET.
This is another fine white sweet apple, originating in Ohio, which, notwithstanding its beauty, is less esteemed on account of its season, but its productiveness makes it valuable for stock-feeding. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive, and an early bearer.
Fruit above medium, regular, flat; Surface very smooth, pale yellow, or white, resembling ivory; Dots scattering, minute.
Basin deep, regular; Eye large, rather open.
Cavity deep; Stem short.
Core closed; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh white, fine grained, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality very good; Use, baking and stock; Season September and October.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Baltimore.=--[_Of Elliott._]
FLUSHING SPITZENBERG, OF NORTHWEST.--CABLE'S GILLIFLOWER.--ROYAL PIPPIN IN ILLINOIS.
The origin of this very satisfactory second rate fruit is unknown, though it is extensively cultivated in western orchards, especially in the lake country, for it is scarcely known within the Ohio river fruit region.
Tree thrifty, sufficiently vigorous but with slender growth, very productive, spreading.
Fruit medium, regular, oblate, almost round in some specimens, Surface smooth, red, striped with deep red and often covered with whitish or gray markings that give it a blue appearance like a bloom; Dots scattered, large, yellow or fawn color.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem short to medium.
Core large, closed; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow, fine grained, juicy, almost sweet, aromatic, lacking character; Of second quality, but valuable for market; December and January; Not disposed to rot, does not show bruises.
=Butter.=
FULKERSON'S.
The origin of this fruit has not been definitely traced, and though not very widely diffused, it is a prime favorite with its acquaintances, and the lovers of rich apple-butter.
Fruit small, very regular, oblate; Surface very smooth, and so covered with mixed red as rarely to show the yellow ground color; upon this are laid darker stripes of deep red; Dots minute and inconspicuous.
Basin medium, regular, or folded; Eye rather large, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, brown; Stem of medium thickness, rather long.
Core wide, large, closed; with large, plump, pointed seeds; Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained, juicy; with a sweet, rich and aromatic flavor. Valuable for stock and for apple-butter; Season, October to January.
=Conant's Red.=
This variety is cultivated in southern Ohio and adjacent regions, to which it has been distributed by the venerable Pomologist, H.N. Gillett, of Quaker Bottom, to whom the author is under many obligations for valuable information connected with the fruits of that productive region.
Fruit full medium, regular, oblate, and sometimes nearly round.
In appearance this apple is not very prepossessing, as the surface is rough, the yellow ground is obscured by mixed red, upon which are red stripes and streaks of russet; dots are numerous, minute, indented, yellow or fawn colored.
Basin rather deep, abrupt, regular or wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy or regular, green; Stem medium to long, slender.
Core large, regular, closed; Seeds numerous, some are imperfectly developed; Flesh yellow, fine grained, juicy; flavor sub-acid to sweet, very aromatic, agreeable, fitting it admirably for a dessert fruit, as which it is nearly first rate. Season from September to December.
=Connett Sweet.=
The tree grows vigorously, is upright and productive, bearing early. Its origin I have not learned, but procured the specimens from my valued friend, Jno. C. Teas, of Raysville, Indiana.
Fruit of good size, regular, flat; Surface rather rough, dull red, with indistinct stripes; Dots few, dark, sunken.
Basin not deep, wide, regular; Eye rather large, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core wide, closed; Seeds of medium size; Flesh compact, yellow, fine grained; Flavor very sweet; Quality very good; Season, December to March.
=Granniwinkle.=
This is supposed to be the famous cider apple of New Jersey, described by Coxe, except that the form is different; it has as good qualities for making a rich cider; specimens obtained from W.C. Hampton.
Fruit small, oblate, regular; Surface dull red, striped purple; Dots numerous, yellow.
Basin wide, regular; Eye large, open.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long, inclined.
Core medium, round, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, plump; Flesh yellowish-white, firm, tough; Flavor sweet; Use, cider; Season, winter.
=Jersey Sweet.=
AMERICAN.
In some parts of the country this is a favorite baking apple, but its great productiveness renders it small, and makes it rather a stock apple. Tree vigorous, round-headed; Shoots short-jointed and red; Foliage abundant.
Fruit medium, regular, globular-oblate, sometimes rather conical, (according to Elliott & Downing, roundish-ovate, but the drawing given by the latter is globular); Surface smooth, yellow, nearly covered with red, mixed, striped and splashed carmine, more or less distinctly; Dots generally minute.
Basin medium to wide, regular; Eye small, generally closed.
Cavity wide, regular or wavy, rather deep, brown, and in Michigan often green; Stem medium to long, green.
Core wide, regular, partially open in some specimens, but generally closed; Seeds numerous, wide, pointed, plump; flesh pale yellow, tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet, aromatic and rich; Use, the dessert, for those who like sweet apples, but especially valued for baking and for feeding stock. Season August to October.
=Moore's Sweeting.=
RED SWEET PIPPIN.--BLACK SWEET.
This valuable winter sweet apple is much cultivated throughout the West on account of its productiveness, and the amount of nutriment it furnishes to both man and animals. Tree vigorous, healthy, spreading, round, with branches sufficiently open; Shoots dark olive; Foliage large, dark green.
Fruit medium to large, globular-oblate, regular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, covered with dull red in confused stripes and shaded with gray that gives the fruit a purple hue; Dots minute and few; Skin thick.
Basin wide, wavy or folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide or acute, deep, green or brown; Stem short, rather stout.
Core small, closed; Seeds numerous, plump, pale; Flesh yellow, dry, firm; Flavor very sweet; Quality inferior, for the dessert; Use, baking, market, stock, cider; Season from December to March and later, keeping very sound.
=Putnam Sweet.=
Originated near Marietta, Ohio.
Fruit large, flat, regular; Surface smooth, mixed, splashed and striped deep red; Dots numerous, large.
Basin wide, shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem short.
Core roundish, flattened, open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed, pale; Flesh tender; Flavor sweet; quality very good; Use, kitchen, stock; Season August, September.
=Richmond.=
Described by F.R. Elliott, author of _American Fruit Growers' Guide_, and named for our mutual friend, D.C. Richmond, near Sandusky, Ohio, who found it in an old seedling orchard with several other good varieties. The seeds were supposed to have been brought from the old French orchards of Canada. Tree large, vigorous, productive, and would appear to have been hardy.
Mr. Elliott says:
"Fruit large; Form roundish, occasional specimens have one side a little enlarged; Color light yellow ground, mostly or quite overspread with light and dark red stripes, many dots or specks of light russet; Stem varying, mostly short, slender; Cavity deep, open, regular, a little brownish at bottom; Calyx large, segments long; Basin deep, open, uniformly furrowed; Flesh white, tender, juicy, delicate, sweet; Core medium; Seeds large, full; Season October to December."
=Sweet Vandervere.=
This is another western favorite with the admirers of sweet apples. Tree sufficiently vigorous, healthy, and productive; twigs slender, like those of the true Vanderveres.
Fruit of good size, from full medium to large, regular, oblate, and resembling the Pennsylvania Vandervere; surface very smooth, yellow, shaded with mixed red, and striped with dull or dark red; Dots yellow, scattered, indented.
Basin abrupt, wide, deep, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity sometimes wide and regular, or acute; Stem long, slender.
Core regular, heart-shaped, closed; Seeds medium to long, angular; Flesh firm, breaking, yellow; Flavor sweet, pleasant; Quality not first rate, valued for baking and for stock; Season December and January.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
NONE.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Better Than Good.=
JUICY BITE.
Like our standard authority, I am obliged to quote from the American Pomological Society's Transactions. Origin uncertain, (Elliott says from Pennsylvania); Tree thrifty, rather slender, very productive.
Fruit medium, oblate; Skin pale yellow, with a few brown dots.
Basin large and open; Calyx closed.
Cavity broad; Stem short.
Flesh yellowish, very tender, juicy; Flavor mild, pleasant, sub-acid; November to January.
=Bohanon.=
This apple was brought into notice by Lewis Sanders, that veteran agriculturist of Kentucky, who was equally remarkable as a planter of choice fruits, and breeder of fine cattle. Mr. Elliott thinks this variety may have had its origin in Virginia. Tree moderately vigorous and productive.
Fruit full medium, regular, oblate, rarely inclined to be angular, sometimes slightly conical; Surface very smooth, whitish, or waxen, occasionally blushed with pale carmine, making it very beautiful; Dots minute.
Basin abrupt, narrow, folded, wavy and irregular; Eye closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity acute, brown; Stem rather long.
Core regular, small, pyriform, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds small, compressed; Flesh white, breaking, fine grained, juicy, sub-acid; Quality very good and preferred as a dessert fruit to the _Maiden's Blush_ which it much resembles without having the peculiar flavor of that variety.
=Cornfield.=
A southern variety received from J.S. Downer & Son.
Fruit medium, roundish-oblate or cylindrical, truncate, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with mixed deep red, striped; Dots numerous, minute.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular, leather-cracked; Eye small, open.
Cavity wide, acute; Stem short.
Core round, regular, closed, hardly clasping; Axis short; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow, fine grained, tender, rather dry; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, table; Season, December.
=Cracking.=
This variety had its origin in the eastern part of Ohio. The tree is a strong grower and productive.
Fruit large, oblate, somewhat uneven and irregular, but handsome; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow until ripe, when it is often tinged with red; Dots numerous, minute, indented and green.
Basin wide, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, brown; Stem short, rather stout.
Core wide, open, clasping the eye; Seeds large, pointed, dark; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; quality nearly first rate; Use, kitchen and table; Season September and October.
=Cranberry Pippin.=
This is a beautiful apple which originated near Hudson, New York. Tree vigorous, very productive.
Fruit large, flat, regular; Surface very smooth, bright, clear yellow, with a shining scarlet cheek; Dots minute.
Basin wide, regular or wavy; Eye small, short, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem medium.
Core small, oval, just meeting the eye; Axis short; Seeds numerous, long; Flesh white, breaking, juicy; Flavor mild, sub-acid; Quality very good for cooking, not for dessert; Season November to February in New York.
=Dalton.=
Specimens from Mr. Warren, of Massachusetts. Origin and history unknown.
Fruit medium, flat, uneven; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, becoming greasy; Dots scattered, green.
Basin medium, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, pointed; Stem medium.
Core medium, wide, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds large; Flesh, greenish-white, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use kitchen, table; Season September.
Not particularly desirable.
=Early Harvest.=
This American apple has long been a prime favorite in the orchard, especially when planted for family use, since it is of excellent quality for table as well as in the kitchen. For the commercial orchard, however, it is falling into disfavor with the market men, because of its uncertainty, and its proneness to be defective on some soils.
Tree spreading, healthy and vigorous; the limbs are very strongly attached to the trunk by a woody enlargement at their base, and the pale olive twigs are remarkable for their peculiar mode of production in twos and threes from a common origin.
Fruit medium, regular, oblate, sometimes almost round, as described by Downing, but this is rare in the West, where the oblate form prevails. Surface smooth, clear, waxy yellow, very rarely blushed; Dots numerous, minute, green.
Basin regular, narrow, abrupt; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem short.
Core round, closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds large, pointed; Flesh tender, breaking, juicy, acid to sub-acid, agreeable; Of first quality for table or kitchen during the month of July.
=Faust.=
This very nice apple, received from S.W. Westbrooke, of Greensboro, N.C., deserves the commendation of its southern admirers.
Fruit regular, globular-oblate, of medium size; Surface smooth, yellow, with a white bloom and sunken white dots.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, green; Stem medium, to long.
Core wide, closed, scarcely meeting the eye; Seeds angular; Flesh yellow, fine grained; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, and first quality for table or dessert use, in November or later.
=Finley.=
ABBOTT?
This fine fruit originated in Kentucky and is cultivated to some extent in Southern Indiana, where it is considered entitled to the meed of excellence, and preferred to the Early Harvest on the one hand, and to the Maiden's Blush on the other; and in its season, it competes with both, being useful in July for the kitchen, and ripening gradually until September.
Tree large, spreading, vigorous and productive.
Fruit large to very large, regular, globular-oblate, slightly conical; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, becoming a clear lemon yellow at maturity; Dots minute, gray, scattering.
Basin rather wide, wavy; Eye small, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity acute, medium to deep, regular, brown; Stem long, yellow.
Core heart-shaped, regular, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds few, large, plump, and some imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine grained, juicy, acid, almost first quality; Valuable for kitchen and market; Season August and September.
=Fink.=
FINK'S SEEDLING.
This long keeper was brought before the notice of the Ohio Pomological Society many years ago by Mr. Clarke, of Somerset, Ohio. Mr. Elliott considered it the same as Tewksbury Winter Blush, and introduces Fink's Seedling as a synonym of that variety. Others think it a different fruit, among whom is that practical Pomologist, the Secretary of that association, M.B. Bateham, Esq., who has propagated and planted the trees extensively. It was described as Fink's Seedling in the Ohio Cultivator, May, 1847. At the meeting of 1854, the merits and claims of this variety were freely discussed, and the Society named it the _Fink_, after admitting that it was an original seedling, as stated by Mr. Fink, in whose seedling orchard it had originated.
Tree of strong upright growth, a profuse and annual bearer.
Fruit small, regular, roundish-oblate; Surface very smooth, polished, greenish-yellow, blushed with brownish-red; Flesh whitish, breaking, juicy, mild sub-acid; remarkable for its keeping qualities, remaining sound until the second season, and has been shown in May after having been kept over two winters.
=Fulton.=
Origin, Canton County, Illinois. Tree large, vigorous, productive, annual bearer.
Fruit large, globular-oblate, often oblique or unsymmetrical; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, with a carmine blush; Dots minute, indented.
Basin abrupt, deep, folded; Eye medium to large, open.
Cavity deep, narrow or acute, green and brown; Stem rather long and slender.
Core small, round, clasping; Seeds numerous, small, short and plump; Flesh yellow, tender, line grained, juicy; flavor sub-acid and aromatic; First quality for table; In November and December. Our Illinois orchardists do not commend it so highly as when first introduced; not fully satisfactory where planted in Ohio on limestone clays.
=Golden Seedling.=
Said to have originated with Mr. Riehl, of St. Louis, cultivated and distributed by Geo. Husmann, of Hermann, Mo., in whose orchard I gathered it.
Fruit large, handsome, regular, and oblate; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, and blushed; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin wide, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem short.
Core medium, regular, meeting the eye, closed; Seeds numerous, angular, pale; Flesh yellow, juicy, rich; "Very good."
=Green Crank.=
I have received this southern apple from Kentucky, Tenn., and also from Georgia, but have not yet fruited it. Tree moderately thrifty; Shoots brown; Foliage small.
Fruit medium to large, flattened somewhat, conical, regular; Surface green to yellow, sometimes bronzed; dots small, gray.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, deep, acute, brown; Stem medium, green, thick.
Core wide, medium, closed, not clasping the eye; seeds numerous, plump, short, dark; Flesh yellow, firm, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality good to very good; Use table, kitchen; Season December to March.
=Hawley.=
Originated in Columbia County, New York. Tree vigorous, with a round spreading head; Shoots stout, olive.
Fruit large, regular, oblate or slightly conic; Surface waxy yellow, rarely shaded or blushed, becomes oily or greasy when kept.
Basin rather wide, wavy; Cavity wide, sometimes folded; Stem short, medium and long.
Core regular, closed, scarcely clasping the eye; Seeds generally imperfect; Flesh yellowish-white, very tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor very pleasant, mild sub-acid, rich; Season August to September; an amateur's fruit.
=Hawthornden.=
This famous Scotch fruit appears to do very well in this country, but it must yield the palm to its American cousin and representative, the Maiden's Blush, which possesses all its good qualities as a market and kitchen fruit, with attractive appearance.
Tree spreading, vigorous and productive; an early bearer.
Fruit large, regular, and very flat; Surface perfectly smooth, always fair, and of a beautiful white, very rarely and faintly blushed; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, narrow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem medium.
Core wide, regular, somewhat open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, imperfect, brown; Flesh greenish-white, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid, aromatic; of second quality for table, but first rate for cooking; Uses, kitchen and market; Season October.
=Junaliska.=
This apple originated in the Cherokee country, where it is highly esteemed, and fruited in Ohio and Kentucky this year.
Fruit large, roundish, or flattened, slightly conic, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, with some russet, chiefly about the apex; sometimes blushed; Dots minute, gray.
Basin rather small, regular; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, brown; Stem quite short, knobby.
Core wide, heart-shaped, regular, closed; Axis short; seeds few, short, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking, granular; flavor sub-acid, spicy, rich; Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season November, and through the winter.
It may be destined to supply the place of the _Rhode Island Greening_, where that variety does not succeed.
=Kane.=
CAIN.
Origin, Delaware. Tree upright, sufficiently vigorous. Has been confounded with the Bohanon, but is distinct.
Fruit small, regular, oblate, somewhat conic; Beautiful for the dessert; Surface very smooth, waxen yellow, blushed with bright crimson; Flesh whitish, crisp, juicy, acid and pleasant; October and November.
=Lady.=
API PETIT, ETC.
This beautiful little French apple has been fully naturalized in our country, and has received the enthusiastic admiration of the American people. The fruit needs to be entirely perfect to meet with favor as an ornament to the table, for which use it is especially adapted; unfortunately it is often overgrown and irregularly developed. Wherever produced in proper size and color, it is one of the most profitable varieties, commanding fancy prices at the period of Christmas decorations. In the rich soils of the West it is apt to be too large, and has generally failed to meet the requisitions; but it succeeds well in Michigan, and the neighboring region of Indiana.
Tree of medium size, very close and upright, healthy and productive; Shoots very dark; the foliage small, crowded, curled, and very dark.
Fruit very small, quite flat, very regular; Surface very smooth, shining or polished, of a pale waxen yellow, nearly covered with bright carmine, which contrasts finely with the ground color, wherever the fruit has been shaded by a leaf; Dots minute.
Basin medium, rather abrupt; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, deep, regular; Stem short.
Core regular, wide, closed; Seeds numerous; Axis very short; Flesh white, breaking, tender and juicy when ripe; with a mild sub-acid flavor; Use ornament and dessert; Season December until March.
=Maiden's Blush.=
This beautiful and profitable fruit has received the unqualified approbation of thirteen out of the eighteen States that have reported to the American Pomological Society. It is a native of New Jersey, and is still held in high repute there as a market apple. The tree is hardy, vigorous, spreading and productive, beginning to bear quite early.
Fruit medium, to large, regular, flat and very handsome; Surface very smooth, polished, of a pale waxen yellow and blushed with bright carmine; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, regular or wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem medium to short.
Core regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, brown; Flesh white, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid, aromatic, and to most palates not agreeable at the dessert, but very good when cooked, and requiring but a short time to be reduced to a delicious pulp of light color. This apple is also used for drying and makes a very light colored product, that is much admired by dealers. Season September and October, but may be used in the kitchen during August.
=Bachelor's Blush= appears to be a variety of the above; found in Burlington County, New Jersey, and exhibited before the American Pomological Society at the Rochester meeting in 1864, by Wm. Parry, as a valuable, and distinct variety. Having examined the trees as they grew together in the orchard, the resemblance to Maiden's Blush was very apparent. The fruit is larger, and for market purposes is considered more profitable. The two may be different, but are very much alike.
=Pickard's Reserve.=
Grown in Parke County, Indiana, from seed brought from North Carolina. This apple was first brought to my notice by Jno. C. Teas, of Raysville, Indiana. Considerably grown in that State. Tree hardy; the original is still standing in Rockville.
Fruit large, flat, somewhat unequal; Surface smooth, pale yellow; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin abrupt, regular, rather deep; Eye quite small, closed.
Cavity deep, wavy, brown; Stem short to medium.
Core irregular, closed, scarcely clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, dark brown; Flesh whitish-yellow, fine grained, tender, juicy, with a sub-acid, aromatic flavor, making this a fruit of first quality for table or kitchen use; Season December and January.
=Rhode Island Greening.=
From its name this apple would appear, like the Peck's Pleasant, to have come from the sea-girt State. It is a universal favorite, and is found to succeed well in a great many situations; but there are some portions of the West where it has failed to give satisfaction, being slow to come into bearing, becoming an autumn instead of a winter fruit, and falling badly from the trees before picking time. In sandstone soils, however, even in Southern Indiana and Illinois, it does better than on the limestone clays; the fruit attains an enormous size, but matures too early for a winter apple.
Tree very vigorous, crooked, spreading, productive; Shoots stout, dark, with dark foliage.
Fruit large to very large, varying in shape from globular or round to flat, which is the prevailing and characteristic form. Surface smooth in the North, somewhat rough and often quite russeted in the South, a dull green, becoming yellow at maturity; Dots grey, irregular, numerous.
Basin regular, small and russeted to a greater or less extent, sometimes extending half way down the sides of the fruit; Eye small to medium, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem medium to long, curved, often reddish.
Core roundish-oval, regular, closed, clasping the eye; seeds numerous, angular, dark; Flesh very yellow, breaking, tender, juicy, with a rich, acid flavor, making it a superior cooking apple, and very fine for the dessert when fully ripe; Quality almost first rate; Season October to December--in the North, keeping until March.
=Tewksbury Winter Blush.=
This long-keeping variety was described by Coxe as having its origin in New Jersey. It has already been named in connection with the Fink, which resembles it very closely, and, like it, the chief excellence of this variety consists in its superior keeping qualities.
The tree is vigorous, upright, productive, and holds the apples well.
Fruit small, regular, flat; Surface smooth, yellow, blushed; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy, well flavored, and retains its characters for a long time.
=Virginia Greening.=
This apple is supposed from its name to have originated in Virginia. It is cultivated chiefly in the Southern States, and in those parts of the Northwest to which Southerners have migrated. Its chief merit is its long keeping. Tree large, spreading, productive.
Fruit large, regular, flat to roundish, generally the former; Surface smooth, dull green and often bronzy, never blushed; Dots scattered, large, white or gray, with whitish rings around them.
Basin regular, wide, shallow; Eye small, open.
Cavity wide, regular, green; Stem long to medium.
Core regular, turbinate, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, long; Flesh white, firm, breaking, sub-acid; Fit only for the kitchen; A long keeper; March and April; often subject to Bitter-rot.
=White Fall Pippin.=
FALL PIPPIN OF LOUISVILLE.
This handsome fruit is seen in quantities in the Louisville market every fall. Its cultivation does not appear to have been widely extended, nor has its origin been traced. It has been thought to resemble the Spanish Reinette, with which I have not had an opportunity to compare it.
Fruit very large, slightly uneven, roundish-flattened or globular-oblate; Surface smooth, pale yellow, not bronzed or blushed, but having a whitish striping toward the stem end; Dots scattered, minute, dark.
Basin abrupt, narrow, deep and folded; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem very short.
Core wide, regular, somewhat open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic and rich; Useful for cooking, drying, and table; Season October.
=White Juneating.=
JUNEATING, _Coxe_.--YELLOW JUNE.--EARLY MAY?
Downing thinks this a very old variety, mentioned by Evelyn in 1660, and by Ray in 1688. It has long been known in the West and South as a very early apple, and valued on this account, though quite small. The tree resembles that of the Early Harvest in the color and arrangement of its twigs.
Fruit flat, regular; Surface smooth, pale yellow.
Basin not deep, slightly folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, shallow; Stem long, slender.
Flesh breaking, whitish, juicy till over-ripe, when it is dry; Flavor sub-acid; Use table and market; Season June.
=Winter Pippin.=
WINTER PIPPIN OF GENEVA.
This very handsome fruit was received from T.T. Lyon, of Plymouth, Michigan, marked as having been received from Western New York. The same fruit was a very strong competitor for the Greeley prize before the Committee of the American Institute, and is believed to be the same as that described by Downing as the _Winter Pippin of Geneva_.
Tree thrifty, branches spreading; Said to be productive.
Fruit large, oblate, regular, or slightly unequal; Surface smooth, pale yellow, with a bright crimson cheek; Dots numerous, minute.
Basin wide, wavy, or plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity regular, green, rather deep; Stem long.
Core medium, regular, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellowish-white, fine grained, juicy, sub-acid; Season January until May. A limited acquaintance does not justify me in giving such high praises as those bestowed upon this fruit by Mr. Downing.
=Yellow Foster.=
This apple is a favorite with that worthy pioneer Pomologist of Southern Ohio, H.N. Gillett, of Lawrence County, to whom I am under obligations for this and many other varieties.
Fruit medium to large, regular, oblate; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow; Dots scattered, minute green.
Basin of medium depth and size, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem of medium size and length.
Core medium, wide, closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds not numerous, medium; Flesh yellow, fine grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid and aromatic; Of first quality for table; During October.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Abram.=
FATHER ABRAHAM, of Illinois, not that of Coxe.
This little southern favorite is not extensively cultivated in the North, except where southern settlers have introduced it. It is found in Illinois, Indiana and Missouri. Origin believed to have been in Virginia, whence I have received specimens and trees. In Kentucky it is found to be a hardy drooping tree, holding the fruit well; annually productive, valued for cider, and keeping till July of next year.
Fruit medium, globular-oblate, uneven; Surface not smooth, yellowish green, mixed, red, with stripes and splashes; the whole presenting a gray appearance; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin shallow, wide, wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem long, inclined.
Core medium, regular, closed; Seeds numerous, short, plump, pale; Flesh greenish-yellow, fine grained, juicy; flavor mild sub-acid, rich; almost first quality; keeping until May or later.
=American Pippin.=
GRINDSTONE.
This fruit is chiefly valued for keeping very late into the summer. Coxe commends it for its cider, rating it as nearly equal to the Grey-House; he says that fourteen bushels are required to make a barrel of cider. The apples hang well to the tree, and will bear a considerable amount of freezing. They are so firm as to suffer little from bruising, and are not disposed to rot when thus injured. A fruitman once said of their ability to withstand rough usage, that the apples might be whipped off the tree with a hoop-pole, shoveled into a cart, dumped upon the ground, and have some dirt thrown upon them, and that they would keep until next July; but, he added, they are then as good as dried apples; so lightly are they esteemed for table use.
The tree is thrifty, with a low, spreading head and depending branches; very productive; notwithstanding the fruit is dry and deficient in flavor, it is considered profitable, because so easily kept until May and June, when it commands the highest price, because of the rarity of green fruit at that season.
Fruit medium, regular, very flat; Surface rough, sometimes vein-russeted, dull green, covered with mixed red, and shaded with stripes of brick-dust color; Dots numerous, large, gray.
Basin very shallow, wide, regular or plaited; Eye quite small, open.
Cavity regular, brown, this color extending over the base of the fruit; Stem medium, often thick and knobby.
Core wide, irregular, closed; Seeds numerous, plump, brown; Flesh yellow, breaking, dry, very firm; Flavor mild sub-acid; Quality poor; Uses kitchen and market, which last means that it may be sold to those who do not appreciate the summer fruits of May and June.
=Baldwin.=
This celebrated apple of New England has been widely distributed over the country, but has not met with universal favor in the West and South; first, because it is apt to become a fall or early winter fruit, instead of a keeping apple; and secondly, because it is not well adapted to our palates; moreover, the tree has been considered tender, having suffered extensively during the cold winters; this is especially true in the nursery. Its productiveness and fair quality will, however, always make the Baldwin a favorite over a large portion of our country, and the New England settlers must have this variety.
Tree robust, spreading, very productive; Foliage large, dark, on shoots that are stout and have a rich brown bark.
Fruit large, frequently round, and sometimes almost conical, but generally inclined to be flattened, so as to be classed by measurement as oblate; large specimens in southern latitudes are very apt to be unequal, and to have their axis inclined, or to be what is called lop-sided; surface smooth, rich yellow where shaded, but the exposed parts quite covered with deep red, which is mixed so as to conceal the ground color, and also to obscure the stripes of deeper red that prevail; this fruit is also frequently marked with veined russet, overlying the red color, or excluding it; Dots minute, and yellow, or gray where the red prevails.
Basin deep, often abrupt and narrow, generally waved, folded or plaited, and these marks are quite characteristic; Eye large and open, from the shortness of the calyx. On this account the variety is considered very subject to the attacks of the Codling-moth.
Cavity wide, regular or wavy, generally brown; Stem medium to long, often curved or inclined, sufficiently stout.
Core medium, regular, closed, meeting, sometimes clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, long, angular, imperfect; flesh yellow, breaking, frequently coarse-grained, juicy, sub-acid, rich; some northern specimens are fine-grained and almost first quality; those from the South are coarse, poor and scarcely second-rate for table use, but are good for cooking; Season October to January, occasionally keeping later.
=Bethlemite.=
This apple has frequently been exhibited before the Ohio Pomological Society, by friends Lipsey, Morris and Benedict, of Morrow County, to which region its cultivation appears to have been confined. The origin of the fruit is obscure.
Tree thrifty, hardy, productive, upright.
Fruit medium, flat, or oblate-globular, regular; surface smooth, dull red or bright red, mixed, on yellow, with broken splashes of crimson; Dots distinct, large, gray and yellow.
Basin wide, deep, regular or folded, leather-cracked; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity rather wide, regular, brown; Stem medium to short.
Core regular, neat, closed, just meeting the eye; Axis short; Seeds numerous, short, very plump, pale; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, juicy, sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good, for table and cooking; Season December.
=Blondin.=
This fine fruit originated with the veteran Pomologist of Indiana, Reuben Ragan.
Fruit very large, oblate, unequal; Surface rough, greenish-yellow, splashed and striped with red; Dots numerous, large, gray.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, deep, brown; Stem short, rather slender inclined.
Core medium or small, regular, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds plump, pointed, brown; Flesh greenish-yellow, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; almost first rate for table and market; Season October and November.
=Blooming Orange.=
Mr. Waring considers this the handsomest apple. In 1839 he brought a large number of sorts from the famous Herefordshire apple orchards of England, of which this is the only one he retains as fully adapted to the mountain region of Pennsylvania.
Tree a very strong, free, handsome grower, and an immense bearer, after six or eight years' growth.
Fruit very large, fair, beautiful, roundish-oblate, regular; surface dark, richly clouded with claret and mahogany, on yellow ground; Eye open; Flesh crisp, juicy, acid at first, but this merges into a rich, penetrating, very agreeable flavor.
It is of the Ribston Pippin, or Dutch Mignonne type of fruit.--[Mr. G. Waring's MS.]
=Bonum.=
MAGNUM BONUM.
This delicious southern fruit originated in Davidson County, North Carolina. The tree is vigorous, very productive and bears early. I received specimens from S.W. Westbrooke, Greensboro', North Carolina. Introduced to the American Pomological Society at the Philadelphia meeting, 1860, by Walter Steele, of Rockingham County, North Carolina, and highly recommended.
Fruit large, oblate, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with mixed red, and striped; Dots distinct, large, yellow.
Basin medium, regular; Eye large, closed.
Cavity deep, regular, brown; Stem long, not thick, green.
Core oval, small, closed, scarcely meeting the eye; Axis short; Seeds large, plump; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor rich, sub-acid; first quality for the dessert; in September.
=Brandywine.=
This apple was found on the edge of the prairie, east of Quincy, Illinois, in the orchard of K.K. Jones, Esq., where it was supposed to have been brought from the State of Delaware.
Tree large, vigorous, spreading and productive.
Fruit medium, oblate, roundish, slightly conic, regular; surface smooth, greenish, covered with confused stripes of dull red; Dots scattered, white.
Basin shallow, abrupt, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, green; Stem very short.
Core small, round, closed, clasping; Seeds imperfect; Flesh greenish-white, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality only good; Use table, kitchen; Season January, February.
=Buchanan's.=
Origin near Cincinnati, Ohio, in the orchard of Robert Buchanan, Esq., a gentleman long devoted to pomology. It also closely resembles the Brandywine, as grown in Illinois, already described.
This variety is much like the Minkler, which originated in Illinois, and both may have come from seeds of the Gilpin, which they resemble.
Tree vigorous and productive.
Fruit medium, oblate, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with mixed red and striped bright red; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin medium, folded or plaited; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, green; Stem short or medium.
Core flattened, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, dark; Flesh greenish-yellow, firm, breaking; Flavor sub-acid; Quality scarcely second rate, but useful for cooking, and keeps sound until May.
=Carolina Baldwin.=
This nice southern apple was received from S.W. Westbrooke, of Greensboro'. Of the tree I know nothing.
Fruit medium, oblate, regular; Surface yellow-green, with mixed red and stripes; Dots numerous, large, white.
Basin abrupt, regular; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem, medium to long.
Core small, regular, heart-shaped, closed; Seeds pointed; Flesh yellow, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor, sub-acid; good for table in November.
=Cheese.=
This fruit was received from Lewis Sanders, of Grass Hills, Gallatin County, Kentucky, by whom it was grown and esteemed.
Fruit medium to small, oblate, regular; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, striped purple red, splashed deep red; dots scattered, gray and purple.
Basin shallow, regular, or abrupt and deep, in different specimens; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core regular, closed; Axis long; Seeds plump, pointed, dark; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good for the table in December and January.
=Colvert.=
Fruit large, roundish-oblate, slightly conic, regular, often unequal; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, mixed, striped, light red; Dots scattered, distinct, white.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular, folded; Eye medium.
Cavity rather deep, acute, brown; Stem medium.
Core round, flattened, slightly open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, long, pointed, imperfect; Flesh white, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality scarcely good; Use, market chiefly; Season October, November.
=Cooper.=
This delicious apple was introduced into the West with the scions that were brought to the early Putnam nursery at the mouth of the Muskingum river in 1796. Though a general favorite from its beauty, its fine texture, and exquisite flavor, this variety does not appear to have been so widely spread as others very inferior to it. Though occurring on the original Putnam list, and therefore an eastern variety, it does not appear to have been recognized by cultivators in the older States, and there are those in the West who claim that it is of French origin.
The tree has a stout, upright growth, which becomes spreading with age, when the limbs stand at a right angle with the trunk; they are frequently defaced with marks of diseased action that are called _canker_. The twigs are reddish and rather slender; the leaves are pale green, large, broad.
Fruit large, globular-oblate, regular, sometimes unequal, light; Surface smooth, pale waxen-yellow, with a little mixed scarlet and very distinctly marked carmine; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin regular, abrupt, deep; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, green; Stem medium, green.
Core small, closed, just meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, short, dark; Flesh pale yellow, fine-grained, tender, almost melting, juicy; very mild sub-acid, aromatic; of first quality for table, kitchen or market (too good for drying, but makes a superior article of _snits_); Season September and October.
=Dr. Watson.=
AUTUMN SEEK-NO-FURTHER OF INDIANA.
This delicious and beautiful dessert apple is much grown in Central and Eastern Indiana, particularly among the Friends. It was for a long time a puzzle to the pomologists. In the meanwhile it must have a name, and without waiting for the decision of the learned, the people in different sections, without consultation, called it the _Autumn Seek-no-further_. Finally the Horticultural Societies decided that it was an old sort named _Doctor Watson_, though upon what authority does not appear. The fruit has not been recognized by our Eastern friends, nor by the American Pomological Society, to which it was referred in 1860.
Tree large, spreading, very productive; Twigs slender, foliage small, pale green; in the nursery it is a poor grower.
Fruit medium to large, unless when too crowded, regular, oblate, sometimes unequal; Surface smooth, mixed pale and red on waxen-yellow, beautifully splashed with scarlet; Dots minute.
Basin abrupt, rather deep, wide, regular, sometimes cracked; Eye medium, open.
Cavity wide, regular or wavy, brown; Stem medium to short.
Core medium, regular, closed, just meeting the eye; Axis short; Seeds plump; Flesh yellow, fine-grained, very tender and juicy, almost melting, with a rich, aromatic, sub-acid flavor; Quality best, for table and kitchen, from September to November; also valuable for stock feeding.
=Domine.=
Supposed to be a native of this country; origin unknown. Tree very thrifty, making long, stout, brown shoots, which branch from the ends, and form spurs along their sides, so that the tree has a straggling, open head, and bears its fruit crowded along the smaller branches. It is hardy, upright, vigorous and productive. Foliage large and long, with a peculiar curl or folding upwards, so as to show the underside of the leaves.
Fruit large, flat, regular, sometimes unequal; Surface yellowish-green, nearly covered with mixed red, and striped indistinctly with carmine, often vein-russeted; Dots scattered, yellow and gray, large.
Basin rather shallow, folded or plaited; Eye medium to small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem medium to long, slender at its insertion into the fruit, and easily separated from it, but holding firmly to the tree; hence care is needed in picking the fruit.
Core regular, somewhat open, scarcely meeting the eye; Axis often short; Seeds numerous, pointed, plump; Flesh light yellow, breaking, tender, juicy; flavor slightly sub-acid, rich; good, for table, kitchen, or market; Season December and January, keeping until spring in the North.
=Duchess of Oldenburgh.=
This very beautiful striped apple is from Russia, and has proved one of the hardiest apples in our trying climate. Reports from the Northwest are entirely satisfactory as to its hardiness.
Tree medium size, round-headed, sufficiently vigorous and perfectly hardy.
Fruit medium, regular, roundish-oblate; Surface smooth, waxen-yellow, partially covered with distinct and regular stripes and splashes of brilliant red and carmine; often having a light bloom, such as is found on most Russian apples.
Basin regular, pretty wide; Eye large and closed.
Cavity regular, acute; Stem medium to long, rather slender.
Flesh white, tender, juicy; Sour and suitable for cooking. Though attractive to the eye, it is unsuited for the dessert.
By Dr. Jno. A. Kennicott, the pioneer cultivator of Northern Illinois, this apple was considered the _ne plus ultra_ for that and higher latitudes.
=Equinetelee.=
BACHELOR--BYERS--IOLA (Berckmans' M.S.) SOL. CARTEE (Downing.)
This fine southern apple has its origin traced to Yancey County, in North Carolina. It has not yet been sufficiently tested in the Northern States, but is considered one of the best in the South, and is looked upon as having great promise in our northern orchards, where it is somewhat introduced. Berckmans says: "The finest of the late fall and winter apples."
The trees bear a strong resemblance to those of the _Buckingham_.
Fruit large, oblate, sometimes oblique; Surface light yellow, mostly covered with bright crimson, obscurely striped; Dots small, white.
Basin deep, narrow, irregular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, deep; Stem short.
Flesh pale yellow, very tender, juicy, melting; Flavor very mild sub-acid, making it a very superior table fruit, from November to January in Georgia, according to Berkmans.
=Evening Party.=
This excellent dessert fruit originated in Berks County, Pennsylvania, and was brought into notice by the late lamented Dr. Brinkle, of Philadelphia, in his ad-interim reports, and also in Hoffy's Fruits. It has been tested with entire satisfaction by J.D.G. Nelson, President of the Indiana Horticultural Society, who always has admirers of the fruit exhibited by him at the winter meetings. This apple takes the place at mid-winter which is occupied in summer by the Early Joe, and in autumn by the Jefferies, Dr. Watson and Cooper.
Fruit medium to small, regular, quite flat; Surface smooth, mixed red, and carmine stripes on waxen-yellow ground; Dots numerous, distinct, gray.
Basin abrupt, regular deep; Eye small, closed; Segments long.
Cavity wide, deep, regular, brown; Stem medium, green, slender.
Core small, regular, closed, touching the eye; Axis short; Seeds short, wide, dark; Flesh light yellow, very fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; first quality, or very best, for the dessert, or the _evening party_, during December and January.
=Fall Wine.=
Origin unknown. A great favorite in the West as a table fruit; little grown in the Eastern States, whence it was brought. Downing supposes this is because the fruit is there defective. In virgin soil it is remarkably fair and handsome.
Tree of medium size, rather slender, but healthy, spreading, and annually productive.
Fruit medium, oblate, handsome; inclined to crack open if left on the tree till ripe; Surface very smooth, waxen-yellow, almost completely covered with bright, and often deep red, upon which it is indistinctly striped; Dots minute.
Basin abrupt, wide, regular or wavy; eye small, closed; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity wide, regular, uniformly green; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular or plump; flesh yellow, breaking, tender, fine-grained, juicy; flavor mild sub-acid, and very aromatic; Quality best, for table and market, during September and October or later.
=Garden.=
GARDEN ROYAL.
This fine apple has been received from quite distant points, Chillicothe, Ohio, and Salem, Indiana. It is quite distinct in season from the _Beefsteak_ or _Garden_ of Downing, but in description corresponds very closely with the _Garden-Royal_ of Elliott, which fruit I have not seen. Origin unknown.
Fruit pretty large, roundish, flat, regular; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, slightly shaded red, scattered stripes, carmine; Dots minute, black.
Basin wide, regular, small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, green; stem short to medium, sometimes knobby.
Core wide, closed or open, regular, clasping the eye; seeds small, pointed, brown; flesh pale yellow or whitish, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, saccharine, agreeable; Quality very good to best; Use dessert, kitchen, market; Season August to October; worthy of cultivation.
=Golay.=
This fruit originated near Vevay, Indiana, and is supposed to be a seedling of the _Janet_, which it somewhat resembles.
Fruit medium, oblate, somewhat conic, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, mixed, striped, purplish-red; Dots minute, gray, scattered, indented.
Basin wide, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem short.
Core very small, pyriform, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, large, plump, brown; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good to best; Use, table; Season, January to May.
=Harvest Redstreak.=
This old variety is valued only as an early cooking apple, for which it has been found very profitable, by those who attend market. Origin unknown. Introduced into the West by Silas Wharton, from the neighborhood of Philadelphia, where it was cultivated largely. Not recognized among the varieties described by Coxe.
Tree spreading, open, round-headed; Twigs stout; Leaves small, mealy.
Fruit medium, roundish-oblate, regular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, striped and splashed with red, more or less mingled; Dots minute, dark, and a light bloom.
Basin medium, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, often brown; Stem medium, thick.
Core regular, closed; Seeds angular; Flesh whitish, breaking, coarse, juicy, becoming dry; Quality inferior, except for cooking; Season July.
=High-Top.=--[LEWIS JONES.]
This handsome apple is supposed to have originated in Wayne County, Indiana, and was brought into notice by Lewis Jones.
Fruit large, flat, roundish, regular; Surface smooth, mixed dull red, striped carmine; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin wide, medium, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wavy, brown, acute; Stem short, green.
Core regular, closed, or wide and open, clasping; Seeds numerous, short, plump, pale; Flesh pale yellow, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use table, kitchen, market; Season, December, January; reminds one somewhat of Domine.
=Hocking.=
This variety has only been found in western orchards, and has not been mentioned by name in any fruit book with which I have met. At the second meeting of the Northwestern Fruit Growers' Convention, it was reported as having been brought from Fairfield County, Ohio; its resemblance to Townsend was also observed, but it was declared to be different in wood and buds. These apples may yet prove to be identical, but as the question is not settled, both will be described.
Tree thrifty, vigorous, productive--an early bearer.
Fruit medium to large, globular-oblate, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with mixed red, and splashed carmine; Dots minute, yellow.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium to large, closed.
Cavity medium, regular, green; Stem medium to long.
Core small, closed; Seeds large, brown; Flesh light yellow, breaking, juicy; Sub-acid; Quality good; Market and kitchen; September.
=Hunt.=
Another of Lewis Jones' apples, supposed to be a seedling of Eastern Indiana; productive.
Fruit medium, roundish-oblate, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, mixed, striped bright red; Dots numerous, yellow.
Basin rather wide, abrupt, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem medium, slender.
Core small, roundish, flattened, closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use table, market; Season December and January.
=Indiana Favorite.=
This fruit resembles the Pennsylvania Vandervere, from which it may have sprung. Origin believed to be Fayette County, Indiana. It is considerably cultivated in the eastern part of the State, where I procured specimens exhibited at the Richmond Horticultural Society.
Tree vigorous, spreading, productive.
Fruit medium, globular-oblate, regular; Surface very smooth, bright red, striped with darker red; Dots numerous, star-shaped, yellow.
Basin wide, regular, abrupt; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, green or brown; Stem medium to long, red.
Core regular, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, imperfect; Flesh pale yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Mild sub-acid; Good to very good, for table and market, from January to March.
=Jarminite.=
This new fruit originated on the farm of Jarmin Ballard, in Highland County, Ohio, where it was grown from the seed of Gilpin.
The tree is very vigorous, and only too productive.
Fruit medium, regular, oblate, or roundish; Surface smooth, green, partially covered with mixed and striped dull red.
Basin regular, wide; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity regular, acute; Stem slender, medium to short.
Core regular, closed, clasping; Seeds few, large, dark; flesh breaking, firm; Mild sub-acid, almost sweet; December until March.
=Jefferies.=
This delicious autumn apple originated in Chester County, Pennsylvania, and was first described by the ad-interim committee of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society; also in the Farm Journal, for 1853, by David Townsend, of Westchester, Pa.
Tree healthy, sufficiently vigorous, shoots slender, foliage bright green; productive, early bearer.
Fruit full medium, oblate, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, mixed and splashed crimson; Dots large, scattered, yellow.
Basin wide, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity medium, regular, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core small, closed, regular, clasping; Seeds numerous, large, brown; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; flavor sub-acid, aromatic, delicious; Quality very good, for table and market, during August, September and October.
=Kentucky King.=
Received from J.S. Downer & Son, Elkton, Kentucky. Further history not known.
Fruit above medium, flat, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, with mixed and striped carmine; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, open.
Cavity medium, regular, brown and green; Stem medium to long.
Core medium, round, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, pointed, dark; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use table, kitchen; Season December, February.
=Klaproth.=
Another Pennsylvania apple, introduced by my friend Dr. J.K. Eshleman. Tree vigorous, large, productive.
Fruit medium, regular, oblate; Surface dull yellow, more or less covered with red stripes; Dots numerous, light.
Basin wide, regular; Eye closed, small; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity deep, regular, brown; Stem short to medium.
Flesh white, breaking, tender, very juicy; Flavor acid, to sub-acid when ripe; Good; August till October.
=Lewis.=--_Of Ragan._
Originated in Putnam County, Indiana, as one of the many seedlings produced by my old friend Reuben Ragan.
Tree thrifty and productive.
Fruit medium, regular, oblate; Surface smooth, deep red on yellow; Dots, numerous, large, yellow.
Basin medium, regular, not deep; Eye small, closed
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem short.
Core wide, regular, closed, meeting the eye; seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality nearly first-rate for table; Season, October.
=Lacker.=
This old Pennsylvania apple is cultivated to some extent in the Western States for its beauty. Specimens from Henry Myers, South Bend, Indiana, from his beautiful collections shown at the State Fairs.
Fruit full medium to large, very handsome, oblate, regular; Surface smooth, highly polished, bright red on pale yellow, striped dark red; Dots numerous, pale.
Basin wide, wavy; Eye small, closed; Segments short.
Cavity deep, narrow, wavy; Stem short to medium.
Core small, roundish or oval, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh whitish, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, aromatic, fine; Quality good; use table, market; Season January to March.
=McDaniel.=
This is a seedling of Green County, Ohio, to which was awarded a premium at the State Fair in 1855.
Fruit full medium, regular, oblate; surface very smooth, yellow, well covered with rich, crimson, indistinct stripes; dots scattered, light gray.
Basin medium, regular; eye medium, closed.
Cavity narrow, regular; stem short.
Core medium, regular, closed; seeds plump, dark; flesh rich yellow, solid, juicy; flavor sub-acid, rich, piquant, like a Spitzenberg; October, November.
=Minkler.=
Produced by S.G. Minkler, of Kendall, Illinois.
This variety very closely resembles that described as _Buchanan_, though their origin is entirely distinct. The Minkler also bears a very close resemblance to an apple found at Quincy, Illinois, and known as the _Brandywine_.
Tree very thrifty, spreading, branches strong, forming a large angle with the stem.
Fruit medium to large, regular, globular-ovate; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, covered with mixed red, and stripes of dark dull red; Dots scattered, minute, yellow.
Basin wide, shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, rather deep, brown; Stem medium.
Core large, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, long, pointed; Flesh yellow, or greenish-yellow, fine-grained, breaking, juicy; Sub-acid; Second quality; Use market and cooking; from March until May.
=Newtown Spitzenberg.=--[COXE.]
VANDERVERE, OF NEW YORK (Downing)--OX-EYE--JOE BERRY, ETC.
Origin, Newtown, Long Island.
Tree sufficiently vigorous, not of the largest size, spreading, compact, round head, foliage rather small, curled, showing the whitish underside. Productive.
Fruit medium to large, regular, globular-oblate, often inclined or lop-sided when overgrown in young orchards, apt to be scabby and defective on old trees, and falls badly; Surface smooth, deep red, mixed and striped, on rich yellow ground, often over-spread with whitish, giving the fruit a gray appearance; Dots numerous, minute, fawn color on dark specimens.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity regular, medium, brown; Stem short.
Core regular, wide, somewhat open, meeting and sometimes clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh rich, yellow, very fine-grained, very tender, juicy; Flavor rich sub-acid and saccharine, aromatic, eminently satisfying; Quality best, for table and kitchen, in December.
=Nickajack.=
SUMMEROUR--JACKSON RED--BIG HILL--CAROLINA, AND MANY OTHERS.[49]
This southern apple, which has extended more widely northward than most of its congeners, is believed to be a native of Macon County, Georgia.
Tree robust, spreading, large, very productive, young shoots stout and red.
The following description is that of a specimen sent by my friend, R. Peters, of Atlanta, Georgia, but it corresponds in all important particulars with those of fruits obtained from a dozen different sources in our own latitude:
Fruit large, globular-oblate, regular, not handsome; surface even but not smooth, mostly covered with mixed brick-dust red, striped indistinctly with dark red, some stripes very distinct; dots scattered, yellow.
Basin shallow, regular, even; eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, yellow and brown; Stem medium slender.
Core closed; Seeds numerous, large, plump; Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking, firm, coarse; Flavor sub-acid, not rich; Quality only good, a market fruit, keeping well; Season March until May.
=Nyack.=
NYACK PIPPIN.
Origin New York; specimen obtained from Mr. E.H. Warren, of Chelmsford, Massachusetts.
Fruit medium, flat, uneven; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, mixed, striped, splashed bright red; Dots numerous, distinct, yellow, indented.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed; Axis short.
Cavity wide, deep, wavy, brown; Stem short, thick, knobby.
Core rather wide, closed, rather clasping; Seeds large; Flesh white, firm, juicy; Flavor acid, rich; Quality pretty good; Use table, market; Season December.
=Ohio Nonpareil.=
MYER'S NONPAREIL--WESTERN BEAUTY.
This fine fruit originated with Mr. Myers, near Massillon, Ohio.
It was described in the Western Horticultural Review for February, 1853.
Tree vigorous, healthy, spreading, limbs straight, stout and compact, not liable to break with the weight of fruit. The original tree had borne annual crops of even sized fruit for twenty years.
Fruit large to very large, regular, oblate, very handsome; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with bright red; Dots scattered, gray.
Basin medium, wide, regular; Eye large, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem short, small.
Core regular, somewhat open; Seeds numerous, medium; Flesh yellowish, tender, fine-grained, juicy; sub-acid, rich; First quality, for table, market, cooking or drying; Season September to December. Compared with some of the best dessert apples of the season, such as Hawley, Fall Pippin, Fall Wine, Rambo, and others, this variety was declared to be "better than the best."
=Osceola.=
Originated in Indiana, brought into notice by that earnest horticulturist, Henry Ward Beecher, who did much to stimulate the culture of fine fruits when a resident of that State.
Fruit medium, flattened, sometimes unequal, regular; Surface smooth, slightly colored red, and striped with the same; Dots scattered, irregular, more frequent and minute about the apex, few and larger at base of the fruit.
Basin wide, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity medium, acute; Stem short.
Core small, round, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, dark; Flesh yellowish, firm, rich, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, mild; Quality good; Use table and market; Season January to March.
This variety does not seem to have won its way into public favor to the extent that was expected for it some years ago.
=Pennock.=
PENNOCK'S RED WINTER--ROMANITE--BIG ROMANITE.
This fruit, of Pennsylvania origin, is not introduced into this collection on account of its excellence, but because it is so universally cultivated in nearly all parts of the country.
Tree vigorous, large, spreading, very productive, bearing some fruit every year.
Fruit large to very large, form variable, but characteristically it is conic-oblate, often unequal, and lop-sided; Surface greenish-yellow, covered with mixed and striped red; Dots large, irregular and round, gray.
Basin wide, rather deep, uneven or wavy; Eye large, open.
Cavity wide, deep, regular; Stem short.
Core irregular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking, coarse-grained; Flavor sub-acid, poor; third quality; for cooking and market only; Season December; very much disposed to bitter rot.
=Pennsylvania Vandervere.=
VANDERVERE (Coxe and Downing)--LITTLE VANDERVERE--GRAY VANDERVERE--STAALCUBS, ETC.
This old kitchen favorite, of Pennsylvania, has migrated westward until it has reached every State and county on its appropriate parallels of latitude, 39° to 42°.
Mr. Downing gives Delaware as its origin, on the authority of Coxe. In accordance with common acceptance in the regions where it is best known, I have adopted the above name, which was given to distinguish it from several other Vanderveres, and especially from the Newtown Spitzenberg, to which the name Vandervere had been applied in New York and westward on that parallel. Coxe describes the fruit in question under the name _Vandervere_.
Tree vigorous, healthy, large, spreading, very twiggy and drooping, with abundant fruit on the ends of the spray; Foliage bright yellowish-green, shining, pointed, the whole aspect of the tree peculiar and characteristic in summer or winter.
Fruit medium or less, oblate, or globular-oblate, regular; Surface smooth, but having raised hemispherical warts of a yellow russet color, yellow, mottled, and striped light red, often a gray appearance over the whole exterior; Dots large, yellow, indented.
Basin wide, regular, not deep; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core regular, closed, meeting and clasping the eye; seeds numerous, pointed, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking, granular, juicy; Flavor highly aromatic, acid; Quality for table third, for kitchen first, for cider Coxe says very good, yielding a heavy must; Season December and January.
The fruit is subject to bitter rot, and does not keep well, but may be used for cooking as soon as any other apple, making good sauce in July, when not half grown.
=Pottinger.=
BIG RED.
This large market fruit is found chiefly in regions settled by immigrants from the South, and it may prove to be the same as some other southern apple. Specimens first received from my friend J.B. Orange, in Southern Illinois, afterwards from several other points.
Tree vigorous, large, branches upright, shoots purple, warty, buds long, pointed.
Fruit large, regular, oblate; Surface not smooth, dull red, shaded and striped, covering the yellow ground; Dots small, prominent, with some roughness.
Basin regular, wide, not deep; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, green and brown; Stem medium to short.
Core closed, or nearly so, meeting and partially clasping the eye; Axis short; Seeds numerous, plump, angular; Flesh yellow, breaking, granular, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality only good; Useful for kitchen and drying; Season December and January; keeps well.
=Press Ewing.=
This Kentucky apple was sent me by J.S. Downer, from whom trees were also procured which have already borne fruit.
Tree vigorous, healthy, and early productive.
Fruit resembles Smokehouse, medium, roundish-oblate, regular; Surface smooth, bright red, mixed, striped, and splashed, on greenish yellow; Dots numerous, brown and yellow.
Basin wide, wavy, regular, rather deep; Eye medium, open; calyx reflexed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, closed, meeting the eye; Axis short; Seeds numerous, angular, pointed; Flesh yellow, fine-grained, tender, melting, juicy; Flavor rich sub-acid; Quality nearly first rate; Use for table in December and January.
=Powers.=
This beautiful table apple was first brought to public notice by Geo. Powers, of Perrysburgh, Ohio. He exhibited specimens at the Toledo meeting of the Ohio Pomological Society in January, 1864, but the fruit was over ripe; at the State Fair at Dayton, Ohio, October 16th, it was shown in perfection of beauty and excellence, and was then examined by the Society, who commended it highly, and being satisfied that it was an original seedling, its local name, _Miller's Apple_, was then changed to _Powers_, in honor of the pomologist who had brought it into notice.
The tree appears to have been an accidental seedling, which sprang up in the town of Perrysburgh, where it grew almost without care until it fruited a few years ago, and attracted the attention of Mr. Powers.
The fruit is large and fair, round, somewhat flattened, and sometimes rather conic, generally regular, but large specimens are slightly angular; the surface is very smooth, a greenish waxen yellow, more or less shaded with mixed light red, upon which are laid numerous stripes and broken splashes of rich, dark carmine; Dots minute, scattered, gray.
Basin abrupt, regular, or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, regular, sometimes brown; Stem medium or short.
Core medium or wide, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, sometimes imperfect; Flesh white, very tender, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, quite aromatic, very agreeable; Use especially for the table, as a highly ornamental dessert fruit, for which its extreme delicacy adapts it, while the same quality unfits it for general market purposes; Quality very good; in its season of ripening, in its beautifully white and tender flesh, and in its perfumed flavor, this fruit resembles the _Fameuse_, from which it may have been produced.
=Prolific Beauty.=
This showy fruit is one of the original Putnam list of Washington County, Ohio; it is somewhat singular that so few choice sorts are traceable to the seeds of these first good orchards of the West. Rome Beauty is almost the only one of great notoriety that is referable to this source.
Fruit large, sometimes quite large, oblate, somewhat conic, regular; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, partially covered with stripes of red; Dots minute, gray.
Basin medium, wide, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem medium.
Core large, regular, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh whitish-yellow, tender, juicy; Flavor acid; quality scarcely good; Use kitchen, market; Season September to December.
=Rambo.=
ROMANITE OF NEW JERSEY--BREAD-AND-CHEESE, ETC.
This standard Eastern Pennsylvania variety is universally popular, and through the Western States it marks the progress of emigration from the Keystone State, though its admirers are not confined to that class of our population. It is a fall and early winter fruit, and some pomologists on the southern borders of its culture object to it that it will not keep long, and that it soon becomes dry and mealy when put away. When grown further north it is smaller, but more solid, and remains juicy until spring. It should be gathered early, even before it is well colored, and kept cool to make it retain its flavor and juiciness.
Tree upright, very thrifty, very productive; shoots dark, foliage large, light green, and thus the variety may easily be distinguished in the orchard. Not very hardy; whole nurseries and orchards were destroyed, in 1856, throughout the Northwest.
Fruit medium to small, when crowded upon the limbs as they generally are upon old trees, regular, oblate, or roundish-oblate, but sometimes unequal when overgrown; large specimens are flattened at the ends so as to appear truncate; Surface striped and splashed scarlet on greenish-yellow, in some the stripes coalesce so as to make the skin red, the ground color being covered; Dots numerous, small, prominent, rich bloom.
Basin wide, abrupt, regular or plaited, sometimes quite shallow; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, always green; Stem medium.
Core regular, closed, meeting and clasping the eye; seeds numerous, large, angular; Flesh greenish-white, tender, breaking, granular, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, vinous; Quality almost first rate for table, excellent for the kitchen; Season October to December, and if gathered early in the North, until spring.
=Red Astrachan.=
This Russian fruit has been perfectly adopted by our countrymen, and has proved itself a great favorite, particularly in the North, by its hardiness and productiveness, beauty and good qualities.
Tree vigorous, upright, productive, hardy; Shoots reddish brown, foliage large, rich green.
Fruit medium to large, regular, oblate; Surface smooth, mottled, marbled and striped crimson on greenish-yellow; Dots minute, heavy bloom.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity shallow, regular; Stem long, yellow.
Core regular, closed; Seeds angular, small, dark; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor quite acid, not rich; Quality first rate for market and cooking, poor for table; Season July.
=Richard's Graft.=
RED SPITZENBERG--STRAWBERRY--WINE.
Supposed to have originated in Ulster County, New York. Tree vigorous, upright, very productive.
Fruit medium to large, regular, oblate; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, mixed and splashed red; Dots numerous, white.
Basin medium, abrupt, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem long, red.
Core small, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellowish-white, fine-grained, tender, juicy;
Flavor rich, sub acid; Quality best; Use for the dessert; Season September and October.
Downing says: "One of the best dessert apples of its season."
=Rome Beauty.=
GILLETT'S SEEDLING.
This handsome market fruit was originated in Southern Ohio, by that sterling pioneer pomologist, H.N. Gillett, to whose contributions I acknowledge myself under many obligations.
Tree thrifty, hardy, round headed, very productive; shoots slender, red; Foliage healthy; Blossoms open late, and thus it often escapes a late frost; early productive.
Fruit large to very large, regular, handsome, fair, said to be scabby on old trees, regular oblate, roundish-oblate, and sometimes rather conical; Surface smooth, pale yellow, striped and mixed bright red; Dots minute, indented.
Basin wide, deep, regular; Eye quite small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem long, slender.
Core wide, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, long, pointed; Flesh yellow, breaking, coarse-grained; Flavor sub-acid, not rich; Quality scarcely good; valuable for market, on account of its productiveness, size and beauty, as well as for its certain bearing; Season December to February.
=Shiawassee Beauty.=
This Michigan apple may well be called _Beauty_. It was introduced at the meeting of the American Pomological Society in 1862, by T.T. Lyon, of Plymouth, Mich., who stated that it was a seedling of the Fameuse, the faults of which it does not inherit, though possessing all the good qualities of its parent, with a healthy and productive tree. (See Michigan Farmer, Dec. 11, 1859.)
Fruit medium, very handsome, very regular, quite flat; Surface very smooth, pale yellow, mixed and distinctly striped carmine; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin wide, folded; Eye medium, closed; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem short.
Core wide, regular, somewhat open, meeting the eye; seeds plump, short, dark; Flesh very white, fine-grained, tender, breaking; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use dessert and market; Season October to January.
=Summer Limbertwig.=
Southern; obtained from S. Westbrooke, Greensboro', North Carolina.
Fruit medium, flat, regular; Surface pale yellow, mixed pink, striped dark red; Dots minute, gray, indented.
Basin shallow, wide, regular; Eye wide, open.
Cavity acute, regular, brown; Stem long, inclined.
Core wide, regular, closed, clasping; Axis short; Seeds numerous, plump, dark; Flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, agreeable; Quality very good, if not best; Use table; Season August, September.
=Townsend.=
Having been disappointed in my trees obtained for this variety, which proved to be Rawle's Janet, I prefer to quote from Mr. Downing. What I have fruited and described as the Hocking may prove to be the same.
"Origin Pennsylvania. Tree healthy, vigorous, very productive.
"Fruit medium, oblate, slightly conic. Skin pale yellow, striped and splashed with red, and covered with a thin bloom. Stalk rather long, slender, inserted into a medium cavity. Calyx closed, set in a basin of moderate depth. Flesh white, tender, very mild, agreeable, sub-acid flavor. Ripe middle of August to middle of September. Hocking of the West may prove to be the same."
=Trader's Fancy.=
This peculiar looking apple originated in Washington County, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous, healthy, spreading, round-headed, very productive, bears regularly. As a long keeper, with dark skin, that does not show bruises, it became a favorite with shippers on the Ohio river, hence its name, the flat-boats that stop from port to port to dispose of their cargoes being called trading boats, and their masters traders.
Fruit medium, regular, oblate; Surface very smooth, greenish yellow, almost completely obscured with deep purple red, mixed and striped, and covered with a white bloom.
Basin wide, sometimes folded or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem medium, slender.
Core medium, closed; Seeds plump; Flesh whitish, tender, fine-grained; Flavor mild sub-acid; Quality only good; Use market and kitchen; Season January to May.
=Twenty-Ounce Pippin.=
Origin unknown, and the variety never should have been distributed; it is here named to put people on their guard against it when they desire to purchase the _Cayuga Red Streak_, also called the _Twenty-ounce apple_.
Fruit large, flat, regular; Surface greenish, more or less mottled and striped dull red.
Basin, wide, regular, or wavy; Eye small, open.
Cavity wide, regular, green; Stem short, thick.
Core large, closed; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh yellow-white, breaking; Flavor acid, with a peculiar aroma, not agreeable; Quality poor; Use kitchen only; Season November to January. There are many better apples of its season.
=Vance's Harvest.=
A pretty little early apple grown in some parts of the West. Origin unknown.
Fruit small, flat, regular; Surface smooth, rich yellow, shaded and splashed bright red; Dots small, scattered, yellow.
Basin small, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long.
Core wide, regular, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, short, plump, dark; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, not very juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid; Quality pretty good; Use kitchen and market; Season August.
=Vandervere Pippin.=
LARGE VANDERVERE--WATSON'S VANDERVERE--VANDERVERE (Elliott)--YELLOW VANDERVERE--and several others in the books.
There appears to have been much confusion in the minds of authors who have written of this fruit, which, in some parts of the country is very well known and much cultivated. I have taken the name by which it is almost universally recognized by cultivators, though it is adopted only as a synonym by Mr. Elliott, who seems to have confounded this apple with the _Pennsylvania Vandervere_ or _Staalcubs_ described by Coxe.
Origin believed to have been Pennsylvania, but this is not well established.
Tree very vigorous, large, spreading, productive, bearing annually; Twigs and leaves much like the Pennsylvania Vandervere.
Fruit large to very large, regular, oblate; surface smooth, yellow, more or less covered with marbled red, and scarlet stripes; Dots large, yellow, indented, sometimes irregularly net-veined, making it less smooth.
Basin wide, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem long, medium size.
Core regular, closed, meeting and clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, dark; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, granular, juicy, heavy; Flavor rich, acid; Quality poor for table, excellent for cooking; Season December. Does not keep well, rather subject to bitter rot, but a great favorite with house-keepers, and a useful shade tree near the kitchen door.
=Vaughan's Winter.=
This Kentucky variety was sent to me by my friend J.S. Downer, of Fairview, Kentucky, with several other new southern apples of merit. Tree vigorous, hardy and productive, bearing fruit early.
Fruit medium, regular, round-oblate; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, mixed and splashed with bright red and splashes of carmine; Dots small, gray and yellow.
Basin regular, abrupt, medium, and leather-cracked; Eye large, open; Segments reflexed.
Cavity medium, yellow and brown; Stem short.
Core small, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds few, large, brown; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, good; December.
=Western Beauty.=
MUSGROVE'S COOPER--BIG RAMBO--OHIO BEAUTY.
A valuable fall and early winter fruit, the origin of which is not known; it is considerably grown in Central Ohio, and has attracted attention under its synonyms as given. It was at one time thought to be the Cooper.
Mr. W.F. English, of Auglaize County, Ohio, carried grafts into that region from Pickaway County, and in a most disinterested manner exerted himself to distribute the variety. In a communication to the _Western Horticultural Review_, for February, 1853, he says: "The tree is vigorous, leaves upon young shoots are often three to three and a half inches broad, and four or five, and even six inches long; shoots stout, being often as large as your little finger at the end of the summer's growth. The form of the tree is peculiar, and its appearance beautiful; once seen, it may be recognized anywhere by its habit."
Having fruited this variety in my own orchard, I can confirm the above, and add:
Tree vigorous, large, spreading, open head, productive, an early bearer.
Fruit large, sometimes very large, beautiful, regular, oblate, not disposed to rot, except when attacked by the birds, which are very fond of it; Surface smooth, pale yellow, partially covered with mixed red, striped and often distinctly splashed with bright red; Dots numerous, gray, prominent; Skin quite thin.
Basin wide, regular, sometimes cracked open; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, green, and partly brown; Stem either short or long.
Core large, nearly closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, medium, pointed; Flesh light yellow, almost white, brittle, tender, juicy, almost melting, never water-cored; Flavor sub-acid, vinous, delicious, satisfying; Quality best; either for table or cooking, for the latter purpose they may be taken when half grown in the beginning of July. In August they may be house-ripened and found good, but the proper season is September to Christmas; if properly cared for they may be preserved plump until March, but lose some of their refreshing flavor.
=Wilson.=
This very nice little apple was sent to me with this name from Western Virginia, by Julius Brace, who found it abundant on Paint Creek. I have not yet been able to identify it, but it may prove to be the same as some of our new southern varieties. An outline and description are here given with its local name, in the hope that if it should prove to be the same as the _Black Annette_, of the Clinch river region of Virginia, or some other variety, the identity may be the more readily traced.
Fruit small, regular, oblate, or globular-oblate; Surface smooth, nearly covered with very deep red, in which the stripes are almost obscured; Dots numerous, minute, white.
Basin, deep, regular, plaited or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity regular, acute; Stem long, red.
Core regular, closed, meeting, not clasping the eye; Seeds small, plump; Flesh white, fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, agreeable; Quality best; Use table; Season January.
This is different from Wilson's of Michigan, which is yellow.
=Wine.=--[_Coxe._]
HAYS' WINTER--PENNSYLVANIA RED STREAK.
This handsome large apple is another index of the source of population in a western county. It is a favorite fruit with those who know it, either for market or the kitchen, for which its size and form render it peculiarly attractive.
Tree very large and handsome, spreading and very open head; leaves small, curled, and mealy, making the foliage appear rather meagre, and displaying the splendid fruit, which is evenly distributed.
Fruit large, globular-oblate, flattened or truncate, regular, occasionally unequal and lop-sided; Surface smooth, yellow, more or less covered with mixed and broken stripes of red, splashed with crimson; Dots scattered, large, gray.
Basin rather shallow, wide, abrupt; Eye small, closed, or open from breaking of the calyx.
Cavity acute, regular, brown; Stem short, thick.
Core medium, regular, closed; Seeds numerous, large, angular; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich; Quality good, for market and kitchen; Season, November and December.
=Winter Queen.=--[_Coxe._]
FALL QUEEN--KENTUCKY QUEEN--ROBERTSON'S SUPERB (of Ga.)
This is a favorite, of southern origin, and has many synonyms. An excellent apple for drying, for family use and for market. Tree thrifty, upright, productive, early bearer; limbs long and parallel while young; shoots dark, stout; foliage large, broad, rather pale.
Fruit large, often very large, globular-oblate, somewhat conic, regular; Surface smooth, often polished, yellow, almost wholly obscured with marbled dull red, and darker stripes that are often lost in the depth of tint; Dots generally small, indented; often a slight bloom covers the fruit, but it is easily removed, when the skin appears to be polished.
Basin deep, abrupt, narrow, often wavy or even ribbed; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, wide, green, wavy or regular; Stem medium.
Core regular, closed, meeting, not clasping the eye axis is sometimes very short; Seeds large, plump; Flesh greenish-white, tender, almost melting, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good to very good; Use dessert, kitchen and drying; Season October to January.
=Yost.=
Having been disappointed in receiving this apple, I give Dr. W.D. Brinckle's ad interim report:
Fruit rather large, roundish-oblate, beautifully striped, and delicately mottled with crimson on yellow ground; Stem short; Cavity wide, deep; Flesh yellow, tender, juicy; Flavor pleasant; Quality very good.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Perry Russet.=
This variety is grown to some extent in the North-west. The specimen from which the description is made, was exhibited by Mr. Utters, at a meeting of the North-western Fruit Growers, in 1850.
Fruit medium to large, oblate, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with fine russet; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin medium, regular, wavy; Eye large, closed.
Cavity medium, regular or wavy, brown; Stem medium size and length.
Core small, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds few, plump, brown; Flesh yellow, fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid, rich; Quality almost best, for table or kitchen; Season, December and January.
=Pomme Grise.=
Supposed to be of French or Canadian origin. Tree sufficiently vigorous, productive; shoots slender.
Fruit small, roundish-oblate, regular; Surface even but hardly smooth, yellow, overspread with fine russet, rarely blushed.
Basin wide, regular, sometimes abrupt; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem short or medium.
Core full heart-shaped, regular, closed, scarcely meeting the eye; Seeds plump, angular; Flesh firm, yellow, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich, aromatic, delicious; Quality _best_, for dessert; Season, January to March; One of the very best of the Russets.
=Willis Russet.=
This apple was brought from Massachusetts, by my friend and neighbor B.F. Sanford, without any history of its origin. The quality of the fruit has induced me to give its description.
Fruit medium to small, roundish-oblate; Surface rough, yellow, shaded with light red, covered with russet.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye long, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem long.
Core large, wide, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid or sub-acid, aromatic; Quality almost first rate, for the table; Season, December and January.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER II.--REGULAR IN FORM.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Autumnal Sweet Swaar.=
SWEET SWAAR.
The fruit is highly commended by J.J. Thomas, who thinks it "one of the finest autumnal sweet apples."
Tree vigorous, spreading, productive.
Fruit large, roundish-oblate, somewhat angular; Surface smooth, waxen yellow, sometimes blushed; Dots rare, minute.
Basin wide, shallow, plaited or folded; Eye medium, long, closed.
Cavity acute, deep, wavy, green; Stem long, inclined, yellow and red.
Core regular, globular, somewhat open, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, pale; Flesh white, fine grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality best, for baking and market; Season, September and October.
=Challenge.=
This is another of the apples introduced by Mr. Elliott, from the orchard of D.C. Richmond, near Sandusky, O.
Tree productive, hardy.
Fruit medium, globular-oblate; Surface smooth, pale yellow; Dots black, minute, scattered, and russet spots, becoming a rich vermillion where exposed.
Basin shallow, wide, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core small, oval, regular, sometimes open, not meeting the eye; Seeds large, dark; Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality almost first rate, for table; Season, October.
=Delight.=
This variety is grown in the southwestern part of Ohio; origin unknown.
Fruit medium to large, round-oblate, irregular; Surface smooth, yellow, bronzed; Dots minute.
Basin narrow, folded uneven; Eye medium, closed; Segments short.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem short, thick.
Core small, oval, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, dark; Flesh yellow, tender, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality pretty good; Use, market and baking; Season, January to June.
=Maverack Sweet.=
Origin South Carolina.
"Fruit large, roundish-oblate, angular; Skin yellow, mostly shaded with crimson, sprinkled with gray or greenish dots; Stalk short, inserted into a large cavity surrounded by russet; Calyx open, set in a deep, irregular basin; Flesh rich, pleasant, vinous, almost saccharine."--[Downing.]
=Spice Sweeting.=
The specimens described were from Mr. Warren, of Massachusetts. Others, found in Ohio and Illinois under this name, have a deep, abrupt basin, large or long eye, and yellow flesh; they must be different fruits.
An old variety; Tree vigorous, productive.
Fruit full medium to large, handsome, flat, irregular; Surface smooth, yellow, bronzy, crimson; Dots numerous, green.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy; Stem thick, knobby.
Core very wide, open, meeting the eye; Seeds pointed, long, dark; Flesh very white, tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality good; Use, kitchen, baking, stock; Season, September, October.
=Sweet and Sour.=
This variety is interesting as a curiosity, rather than valuable for its good qualities. It has been suggested that it might be a sport; no educated nurseryman will now believe the old story of its having been produced by the combination of the buds of two varieties, a sweet and a sour.
Fruit large, oblate, often unequal and lop-sided, ribbed, and deeply furrowed.
Surface yellow and green, the ribs being developed and ripening have flavor, but the furrows not being developed are flavorless and called sweet.
=Sweet Sponge.=
From H.N. Gillett; Origin unknown.
Fruit medium, oblate, irregular; Surface smooth, yellowish white; Dots minute.
Basin none or extremely shallow, folded; Eye long, closed.
Cavity wide, irregular; Stem short, thick.
Core wide, closed, scarce meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, brown; Flesh white, tender; Flavor sweet; Season, July.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Angle Sweet.=
Fruit medium, round-oblate, irregular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with stripes and splashes of red, some darker; Dots white.
"Flesh yellow, tender, sweet, and good, fair and handsome; Season, first of September."--[Downing.
=Peach Pond Sweet.=
Origin Dutchess County, New York.
Fruit small to medium, round-oblate, pentangular, slightly conical; Surface smooth, pale yellow, lightly covered with mixed and striped red, and beautifully splashed crimson.
Basin narrow, regular or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium to long, green, sometimes knobby.
Core regular, heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds small, short; Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality almost first rate, very good; for table or baking; Season September.
=Phillips' Sweet.=
Origin believed to be Ohio; Downing says, Chotocton County, Ohio.
Tree vigorous, healthy, growth upright, very productive. Elliott thinks it may prove to be the same with Richmond.
Fruit roundish, flattened, slightly conical, obscurely angular or flattened on the sides; Surface smooth, yellow, more or less covered with red, striped crimson; Dots numerous.
Basin abrupt, regular, closed; Eye closed, segments of calyx long.
Cavity large; Stem medium length, rather slender.
Flesh yellow, tender, crisp, juicy; Flavor sweet, spicy, rich; Season, November to March.
=Wing Sweet.=
Tree very productive.
Fruit medium, oblate, angular; Surface very smooth, yellow, mostly covered with red, indistinctly striped darker red.
Basin wide, deep, regular or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute; Stem long.
Core small, regular, closed, scarcely touching the eye; Seeds ovate; Flesh yellow, tender, dry; Flavor sweet and rich; Quality good; baking; early winter.
* * * * *
CLASS I--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--ACID.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Blockley.=
BLOCKLEY PIPPIN, O. POM. SOC.
Originated near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Tree moderately vigorous, upright, productive.
Fruit large, round-oblate, flattened at the ends, five-sided, angular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, blushed; Dots numerous, small, distinct, dark.
Basin wide, rather deep, wavy or folded; Eye small, closed, or partly open.
Cavity acute, narrow, uneven, brown; Stem quite short, rather thick.
Core medium, heart-shaped; Seeds numerous, angular and imperfect, dark; Flesh yellow, compact, almost melting, fine grained, juicy; Flavor rich sub-acid, sprightly; Quality almost best, for table; Season, November to January.
=Bracken.=
This variety has caused much discussion among the Western Pomologists, on account of its resemblance to the Early Harvest. The late Dr. Barker, one of the most intelligent fruit-growers of the country, said it was introduced as a seedling from Kentucky in 1812. Elliott does not mention it in his work, but in the discussions of the Society he is reported as having declared it the same as Early Harvest, with which it agrees in peculiar growth of twigs. H.N. Gillett, and others, familiar with the fruits of southern Ohio, consider it a distinct seedling of Kentucky. The specimen described was from that gentleman.
Fruit medium, oblate, somewhat conical, irregular and angular; Surface smooth, pale yellow; Dots scattered, dark.
Basin abrupt, medium, folded; Eye small, closed. Cavity wide, deep, irregular, brown; Stem large, knobby.
Core irregular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds angular, imperfect; Flesh white, very tender, fine grained; Flavor mild sub-acid; Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, June, July; earlier than Early Harvest.
=Canada Reinette.=
This fine fruit does not appear to be well known to our orchardists, and some of our writers have given the White Pippin among its numerous synonyms, and have suggested that they might be the same, which is not so; they are very distinct. I have omitted the synonyms, as they can be of little interest to our planters; they are not used in this country. The origin of this variety is uncertain, probably European. Downing says that Merlet, a French writer, described the fruit in the 17th century.
Tree vigorous, robust, tall spreading, productive.
The following outline and description of a specimen presented by Irvin Jessup, of Laporte, Indiana, was kindly made for me by my lamented friend, Geo. M. Beeler, a short time before his death.
Fruit large, oblate, angular; Surface not smooth, yellow, blushed and spotted red; Dots numerous, small, gray.
Basin abrupt, deep, angular; Eye small, nearly closed.
Cavity medium, acute; Stem medium, inclined.
Core wide, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds plump, angular, dark; Flesh breaking, fine grained, very juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality very good; Use, table and cooking; Season, December to February, in northern Indiana.
=Culp.=
Origin Jefferson County, Ohio; exhibited at the meetings of the Ohio Pomological Society as early as 1855, by S.B. Marshall, of Massillon, whose friend, S. Wood, had cultivated it several years; my specimens and trees are from the Massillon nursery.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, symmetrical, spreading, very productive, not an early bearer.
Fruit fair, sound, large, somewhat angular, oblate, inclined to conic, hangs well on the tree; Surface smooth, green with bronze blush; Dots minute, with green bases.
Basin narrow, rather abrupt, regular; Eye rather large, closed.
Cavity rather deep, regular, brown; Stem long or short.
Core long heart-shaped, regular, nearly closed, clasping; seeds numerous, very large, dark brown; Flesh yellowish, compact, crisp, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, slightly perfumed; Quality good; excellent for cooking, "compared to Rhode Island Greening;" Season, December until April.
=Fall Harvey.=
Origin Essex County, Massachusetts. Specimen from Zanesville, Ohio.
Fruit large, oblate, irregular; Surface smooth, yellow or pale yellow; Dots minute, gray, distinct.
Basin wide, regular, leather-cracked; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem long to medium.
Core wide or globular, regular, closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds medium, pointed and defective; Flesh yellow, breaking; Flavor rich, acid; Quality only good, but valuable for the kitchen; Season, October.
=Garretson's Early.=
Origin supposed to be New Jersey. Tree vigorous; an early and abundant bearer.
Fruit medium, globular-oblate, somewhat angular; Surface smooth, pale yellow; Dots whitish.
Basin small, abrupt, furrowed; Eye small, closed.
Cavity shallow; Stem short, inclined.
Flesh white, breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor pleasant sub-acid; Quality good; Use, table; Season, July and August.
=Harris.=
This variety was received from North Carolina, and fruited for the first time in the North during 1866. It was first described and figured, among other new apples, in the Horticultural Annual for 1867. In the South it is considered a summer and fall variety, being in season from August, and continuing for a long time. For specimens, I am indebted to Doctor E. Taylor, of Cleveland, Ohio.
Fruit medium to large, oblate, angular; Surface smooth, yellow, faintly blushed; Dots scattered, minute, with rosy spots.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded; Eye medium, rather open.
Cavity deep, wavy, clear yellow; Stem medium to long.
Core small, open, meeting the eye; Axis very short; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh light yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, spicy, agreeable; Use table and kitchen; Season October; Quality good to very good.
=Loudon Pippin.=
LADY WASHINGTON?
Origin Loudon County, Virginia. Exhibited before the Ohio Pomological Society, by Joseph Sigler, of McConnellsville, Ohio.
Fruit large, oblate, conic, angular; Surface beautiful, very smooth, waxy yellow, handsomely blushed, and bright red spots; Dots scattering, gray.
Basin wide, regular or folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, not deep, regular, brown; Stem medium, red.
Core heart-shaped, regular, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, medium; Flesh yellowish, compact, tender, breaking; Flavor rich sub-acid, aromatic; Quality very good; Dessert; Season, December to February. A fine fruit from Washington County, shown at the same time as the _Lady Washington_; was thought to be the same.
=Ohio Pippin.=
ERNST'S APPLE.--BUCHANAN, ETC.--SHANNON.
We owe our acquaintance with this fine large fruit to the late Mr. A.H. Ernst, long President of the Ohio Pomological Society, who furnished trees to Mr. Robert Buchanan, an enthusiastic Pomologist of Cincinnati. Both these gentlemen were too modest to permit their names to be attached to a fruit which they did not originate, but which they have aided to distribute. Another focus of distribution was the orchard and nursery of R.W. Todd, at Madison, Indiana, and the fruit has been received under the name of Shannon, from Doctor J.A. Dibrell, of Van Buren, Arkansas. Origin Dayton, Ohio, from whence it was procured personally by Mr. Todd, many years ago, and the grafts set by him are the oldest trees known.
Tree healthy, vigorous, large, spreading; Shoots stout, dark; Leaves large.
Fruit large, often very large, oblate, somewhat conic, irregular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, sometimes blushed faintly near the base; Dots small gray.
Basin wide, deep, folded; Eye large or very large, open; Segments short.
Cavity wide, wavy or regular, brown; Stem short, stout.
Core medium to large, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, medium, plump, sometimes imperfect; Flesh yellowish, breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid; Quality good; Market and kitchen, too large for dessert; Season, December, January.
=Western Spy.=
Origin Jefferson County, Ohio. Tree healthy but medium growth, very productive; exhibited by Joel Wood.
Fruit large, roundish-oblate, uneven; Surface smooth, yellow, blushed; Dots numerous, minute, with white bases.
Basin abrupt, uneven; Eye large, closed.
Cavity medium, wavy; Stem short.
Core wide, closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, large, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking; Flavor acid; quality pretty good; Use, kitchen, table; Season, December, January.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--ACID.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Berry.=
Not having enjoyed an opportunity of examining this fruit, I quote from my friend Chas. Downing.
"Origin Virginia or North Carolina. Tree vigorous, upright, very productive, and a valuable market fruit.
"Fruit rather above medium, obliquely depressed; Skin striped and splashed with red, on greenish-yellow ground, with large dots, having a dark center; Stem short, in a generally broad, deep cavity; Calyx open; Basin shallow, and uneven; Flesh rather coarse, juicy, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor; November to March."
=Buff.=
For description of this fruit I take Downing's quotation from _White's Gardener_:
"Origin uncertain; Tree vigorous, erect; Fruit very large, irregular, roundish flattened and slightly irregular; Skin thick, yellow, striped, and shaded with red, very dark next the sun, marked with a few greenish russet spots; Stem three-fourths of an inch long, in a medium cavity; Calyx in a large, irregular basin; Flesh white, and when fully ripened, tender and excellent, sometimes indifferent; November to March."
=Dana.=
From Gabriel Sleath, near Cincinnati, Ohio. The origin of this pleasant dessert apple is not known. Tree large, productive.
Fruit small, flat, somewhat angular; Surface smooth, rich yellow partially covered mixed red, distinctly striped carmine; Dots pale fawn or yellow; heavy white bloom.
Basin shallow, leather-cracked; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity medium, regular; Stem quite long, slender.
Core wide, regular, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, short, plump, brown; Flesh yellow, very fine grained, very juicy; Flavor sub-acid, sprightly, agreeable; Quality good to very good; Use, dessert; Season, August.
=Gravenstein.=
This fine European apple is said to have originated at Gravenstein, Holstein. It has long been in this country, where it succeeds very well.
Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; Shoots vigorous; Leaves long, rolled, showing the white underside.
Fruit large, globular-oblate, angular; Surface smooth, yellow, partially covered with mixed and splashed scarlet; Dots rare.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, regular; Stem short.
Core regular, globular, or pointed toward the eye, closed, clasping; Seeds small, pointed; Flesh yellow, fine grained, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality best; table and kitchen; Season, August, September.
=Keiser.=
Origin Jefferson County, Ohio; not widely distributed. Tree thrifty, upright. The following description was made from fruit obtained of my friend T.S. Humrickhouse, of Coshocton.
Fruit full medium to large, oblate, uneven; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, mixed and striped red; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin wide, deep, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, deep; Stem quite short.
Core very small, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, short, plump; Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained, juicy; Quality good to best; for table and kitchen; Season, December to January.
=Mangum.=
A first rate southern fruit. Tree thrifty, and very productive.
Fruit medium, oblate, slightly conic, angular; skin yellowish, striped and mostly shaded with red, thickly sprinkled with whitish and bronze dots; Stem short and small, inserted in a broad cavity surrounded by russet; Calyx partially closed; Basin slightly corrugated; Flesh yellow, very tender, juicy, mild sub acid, excellent, highly prized in Georgia and the South; October and November. Carter of Alabama may prove the same.--[C. Downing.]
=Melon.=
Origin East Bloomfield, New York. Tree sufficiently vigorous, spreading, round-headed.
Fruit large, oblate, somewhat conical, angular; Surface smooth, waxen yellow, nearly covered with marbled and mixed scarlet, striped distinctly with darker shade; Dots minute.
Basin, wide, medium depth; Eye medium, open.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, green and brown; Stem medium.
Core regular, heart-shaped, wide, partially open, clasping; Seeds numerous, medium, angular; Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid, sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality almost best; Use, table, market and kitchen; Season, November to January.
=Muster.=
This very nice apple was introduced to my attention by my very good friend Calvin Fletcher, Jr., of Indianapolis, in which neighborhood it grows. Its origin and history are unknown, nor do any satisfactory responses come to the oft-repeated question--What is this delicious apple?
Fruit large, oblate, angular; Surface yellow, mostly covered with mixed red and splashes of crimson; Dots scattering, large, yellow and gray.
Basin moderately deep, folded; Eye medium, open.
Cavity medium, regular, brown; Stem medium to short.
Core small, closed; Seeds plump, dark; Flesh yellow, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality best for dessert; Season, August and September.
=Pennsylvania Winesap.=--[Local Name.]
Origin unknown; Grown in Wayne County, Indiana.
Fruit large, conical-oblate, truncated, angular.
Surface smooth, yellow, blushed, very little splashed; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin medium, folded, wavy; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium, wavy; Stem medium or short, stout, fleshy.
Core regular, closed; Seeds few, plump; Flesh yellowish-white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, table; Season, December, January.
=Wagener.=
This beautiful and useful apple originated at Penn Yan, Yates County, New York; was described and figured in the Transactions of the State Agricultural Society.
Tree thrifty, upright, productive, and very early bearer.
Fruit large, oblate or globular-oblate, pentangular; Surface very smooth, yellow, well covered with mixed bright red, stripes not distinct; Dots scattered, yellow.
Basin wide, abrupt, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity regular, brown; Stem medium, green.
Core regular, wide, heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, large, angular; Flesh yellowish-white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid; Quality good; Uses, market, table and kitchen; Season, November and December.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--ACID.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Cranberry Russet.=
This apple was introduced to the notice of the Ohio Pomological Society by its Vice-President, J. Austin Scott, of Toledo, Ohio.
Fruit medium to large, oblate, flattened at the sides, irregular; Surface rough, russeted, blushed carmine, uneven; Dots numerous, large, gray, prominent.
Basin shallow, uneven; Eye small, partially open.
Cavity deep, acute, green; Stem long, slender, knobby.
Core wide, regular, closed; Seeds long, angular, brown; Flesh breaking, tender, not very juicy; Flavor quite acid; Quality second rate, but said to be superior for cooking; Season, November and December.
=Roxbury Russet.=
BOSTON RUSSET.--PUTNAM RUSSET.
This standard apple is perhaps as widely known and as much admired as any other in the catalogue. It was brought to the West by different routes--by the Ohio River and by the lakes--and has been universally distributed. Those brought to the mouth of the Muskingum River, and propagated by Mr. Putnam, had the name changed to that of the Marietta and the Putnam Russet; and at the same time the appearance of the fruit was so altered by increase in the russeting, that it was long thought to be a different variety, until the question was at length settled by interchange of grafts; and when these fruited the identity was proved.
It is claimed that more money has been realized from this than from any other variety, though, on the Ohio River, the Rome Beauty is considered to be equally profitable. The popularity of this Russet is on the wane, however, as it is very subject to attacks of the Codling-moth, which makes it fall, and because it is apt to ripen too early in the season in southern locations and on limestone soils. Hence its value as a keeping apple is diminished.
Tree robust, vigorous, spreading; Shoots stout, straggling, dark; Foliage gray-green.
Fruit large, oblate, often lop-sided at the West, frequently angular, sometimes conic and truncated; Surface overspread with heavy brown russet in the South, but green, often bronzed, and with partial light russet at the north of latitude 41°; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin regular or wavy, green, often folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity regular, pointed; Stem medium, curved.
Core regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, imperfect; Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking, granular, often coarse, juicy; Flavor decidedly acid; Quality second rate; Use, market and cooking; Season, November to January; a better keeper in the North.
=Whitney Russet.=
Of uncertain or accidental origin in the extensive nurseries and orchards of my friend A.R. Whitney, of Franklin Grove, Lee County, Illinois, where my specimens and trees were procured.
Fruit medium or small, roundish-oblate, truncated, angular; Surface smooth, yellow, rather thinly russeted; Dots minute, prominent.
Basin abrupt, regular, green; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, deep, wavy; Stem medium to long, slender.
Core medium, regular, heart-shaped, rarely open, meeting the eye; Seeds very numerous, medium, plump; Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking, very fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich, spicy; Quality best; especially a dessert apple; Season, December to February.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Large Bough.=
LARGE YELLOW BOUGH, ETC.
A native fruit, much admired as an early sweet apple. Tree vigorous, compact head, rather productive.
Fruit round-conic, regular, very light; Surface smooth, white or pale yellow; Dots minute, dark, indented, few.
Basin rather shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, deep, sometimes brown; Stem medium.
Core regular, nearly closed, clasping; Seeds medium, dark; Flesh white, very soft, light, juicy; Flavor very sweet when ripe, somewhat bitter when green; Quality only good--by some called best; Use, market, stock and dessert--tasteless when cooked; Season, July and August.
=Fallawater.=
TULPEHOCKEN, ETC.
A native of Pennsylvania, where it is a great favorite; extensively cultivated through the West.
This is essentially a market apple, having little to recommend it but its size, appearance and productiveness.
Tree very vigorous, spreading, productive, not long-lived; Shoots very stout, dark; Leaves large.
Fruit large, round or oblate-conic, regular; Surface sometimes smooth, greenish-yellow, often blushed crimson--large specimens covered with whitish veined marks; Dots numerous, gray, large, and having whitish bases.
Basin rather deep, regular; Eye large, open.
Cavity deep, regular, brown; Stem short, stout.
Core medium, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh whitish, often greenish-white, light, tender, juicy; Flavor very mild sub-acid, or sweet, with little character; Quality scarcely good; Use, market and stock; Season, November, December, and may be kept longer if desired.
=Michael Henry.=
MICHAEL HENRY PIPPIN.--[_Coxe._]
Origin Monmouth County, New Jersey. Extensively cultivated in the Western States, where it has many admirers.
Tree vigorous, not large, spreading, very productive, early bearer; Shoots dark, foliage medium and healthy.
Fruit fair, medium to large, conic, regular; Surface smooth, dull green, whitish stripes, pale yellow when ripe, rarely a faint blush; Dots scattered, prominent.
Basin abrupt, or shallow, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, brown; Stem short to medium.
Core regular, heart-shaped, clasping, closed; Seeds numerous, plump, black; Flesh pale yellow, breaking, tender, light, juicy; Flavor sweet, slightly aromatic, little character; Quality good; Use, market, kitchen; Season, December and January; keeps well.
=Premium of 1858.=
Found in a seedling orchard near Springfield, Ohio, and awarded the premium in 1858.
Fruit medium, roundish-conic, regular; Surface smooth, pale yellow; Dots numerous, minute, white.
Basin shallow, regular, folded; Eye large, closed or open.
Cavity wide, shallow, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core rather large, regular, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh yellow, line grained, tender; Flavor very sweet, rich; Quality very good; Use, baking and stock; Season, October to December.
=Shockley.=
Origin Jackson County, Georgia. This long-keeper from the South promises to be an acquisition of value for market orchards, unless its small size may make an objection.
Tree vigorous, very productive.
Fruit medium to small, conic, truncated, regular; Surface very smooth, waxen yellow, marbled or blushed scarlet and crimson; Dots scattered, minute, gray.
Basin shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, deep, regular; Stem slender, long. Core long heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, dark; Flesh yellow, fine grained; Flavor mildly sub-acid, rich, saccharine, agreeable; Quality very good; Use, dessert; Season, March to June; a good keeper.
=Sweet Pear.=
The origin of this fruit is uncertain; the specimens were obtained in the orchard of H.P. Kimball, and his father-in-law, Dr. George Haskell--zealous pomologists at Rockford, Illinois.
Fruit medium to large, round, somewhat conic, regular; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, blushed; Dots numerous, minute, gray, indented; red spots.
Basin quite shallow, plaited; Eye small, but long, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, green; Stem long, rather slender, green.
Core small, round, somewhat open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, medium, pointed; Flesh greenish-white, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sweet, aromatic; Quality good to best; Use, table; Season, October.
=Victuals and Drink.=
GREEN SWEET OF INDIANA.--POMPEY.--FALL GREEN SWEET.
This old variety has met with great favor in its western home, though not esteemed or much cultivated in the Eastern States, unless about Newark, New Jersey, where it originated about 1750, according to Downing.
Tree spreading, large; Branches twiggy, slender, moderately productive.
Fruit large, conical, regular, but uneven; Surface somewhat rough, dull green to dull yellow, often veined russet; Dots numerous, minute.
Basin medium, sometimes abrupt, regular or folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem short.
Core small, regular, oval, clasping, closed; Seeds numerous, angular, imperfect, dark; Flesh greenish-white or yellowish, very tender, fine-grained, light; Flavor very sweet, very rich; Quality best; Use, baking, table and stock; Season, September and October--in the North later, but is not a housing apple.
=Virginia June.=
Presented by W.P. Putnam, of Ohio, as brought from Adams County, Mississippi.
Fruit medium to large, oblate-conical, regular; Surface greenish-yellow; Dots scattered, prominent.
Basin medium, regular, abrupt; Eye medium, open.
Cavity very wide, regular, brown; Stem very short.
Core heart-shaped, regular, meeting the eye, closed; Seeds numerous, pointed; Flesh yellow; Flavor rich, sweet; Quality good; September to October, in Ohio.
This may prove to be some known variety, but it has not yet been recognized.
The _Virginia June_, grown in Kentucky and Indiana, is quite different, being round, striped and sub-acid. It is esteemed, where known, as a household apple, but becomes rather dry.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Kentucky Sweet.=
This is an apple of Kentucky or southern origin, found in many parts of the western country among the emigrants from Dixie Land, with whom it is a great favorite on account of abundant fruitage and rich sweetness.
Specimens, under name, were received from the intelligent southern pomologist, J.S. Downer, of Fairview, Kentucky, also from J.W. Dodge, of Pomona, Tennessee, from which the description and drawing are taken. It has also been seen frequently in Southern Illinois.
Fruit medium, conic, regular; Surface smooth, deep red, stripes obscured and scarcely visible, the yellow ground color rarely seen; Dots scattered, large, yellow.
Basin regular, narrow, not deep, leather-cracked; Eye medium, long, open; Segments short.
Cavity acute, not deep, brown; Stem short to medium.
Core oval, regular, not meeting the eye, somewhat open; Seeds numerous, large and imperfect, brown; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet, rich, slightly perfumed; Quality very good to best; Use, baking, market and stock; Season November to January. Keeps well.
=Milam.=
BLAIR.--(Rarely.)
This is another little southern favorite, to be found by almost every cabin in parts of the West. Whole orchards have been planted with sprouts from the mother trees, among the people to whom the art of grafting was an unheard of mystery. Now distributed by nurserymen all over the country.
Tree moderately vigorous, round-headed, twiggy; shoots reddish; foliage rather dark. Annually productive and an early bearer.
Fruit small to medium, conical, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with marbled red, indistinct stripes; Dots small, gray, scattered, prominent.
Basin narrow, wavy, leather-cracked; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity regular, acute, brown; Stem long.
Core ovate, covering the eye, closed; Seeds numerous, some imperfect; Flesh white, tender, crisp, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid or sweet, agreeable and refreshing, but without any decided character; Quality good; Use, dessert, in cooking it lacks flavor; Season, December, January.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Pumpkin Sweet.=
SWEET RUSSET, of Ohio.
Fruit was exhibited at the Ohio State Fair at Zanesville.
Fruit large, regular, roundish, conical; Surface dull green, covered with a rough coat of russet.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, regular; Seeds numerous, small, plump; Flesh spongy, light; Flavor sweet; Quality scarcely good; Use, baking, stock; Season, autumn.
This apple has never commended itself very highly to my notice in the limited opportunities I have had for its examination, but it is esteemed in some parts of the country for baking and for stock-feeding.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=August Tart.=
Origin unknown. Specimens procured from Marietta, Ohio.
Fruit medium to large, regular, conical, truncated; Surface smooth, yellow-green; Dots numerous, large, yellow.
Basin medium, wavy or folded; Eye medium or small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed; Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking; Flavor acid; Quality poor, except for cooking; Season August.
=Democrat.=
Origin unknown. Specimens obtained from George Powers, of Perrysburgh, Ohio.
Fruit medium, handsome, roundish-conic, regular; Surface yellow, blushed scarlet; Dots minute, indented.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity rather deep, very acute; Stem medium to short, slender.
Core heart-shaped, rather open, meeting the eye; Seeds large; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality good to very good; Use dessert; Season October to December.
=Holland Pippin.=
There is a strange confusion existing in some of the books, by which this fruit has been associated with the Fall Pippin. The Holland, as grown in Western New York, and through the West, as derived from the former State, is entirely different; and as that is extensively known, its description is here given, that it may be compared with the other, which belongs to a different class.
Fruit large, regular, conic, rather oblate; Surface dull yellowish-green, rarely bronzed; Dots minute.
Basin narrow, medium depth, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core medium, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, sometimes imperfect; Flesh yellowish-white or greenish-white, breaking, coarse-grained, juicy; Flavor quite acid, not rich, not agreeable; Quality only fair; Use cooking only; Season, October to December at the North. Not seen in the southern counties of the States north of the Ohio River.
=Middle.=
A comparatively new fruit, from Herkimer County, New York, found in a division fence between two neighbors; hence its name. Considerably cultivated in the neighborhood, where it is highly esteemed. Introduced into Ohio by Mr. John Ludlow, of Springfield, in 1854, and propagated at the Oakland Nurseries near by.
Tree thrifty and productive.
Fruit medium to large, conical or oblate-conic, regular; Surface rather smooth, green to pale greenish-yellow; Dots small, irregular, rather abundant, gray, somewhat prominent.
Basin shallow, nearly regular, russeted, like Rhode Island Greening; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, sometimes lipped, wavy; Stem long, slender.
Core small, oval, regular, closed, just meeting the eye; Seeds small, very light colored; Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking, fine grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich, aromatic; Quality nearly first rate; Use dessert; Season December and January, but is said to keep until May in New York.
=White Winter Pearmain.=
This favorite fruit was brought to Indiana by some of the early pomologists, in the days of saddle-bag transportation. In a lot of grafts, two varieties, having lost their labels, were propagated and fruited without name. Being considered Pearmain-shaped, they were called respectively Red and White Winter Pearmains. The former proved to be the Esopus Spitzenberg; the latter has never yet been identified, though believed to be an old eastern variety. Mr. Downing suggests that it may be _Winter Harvey_, a description of which I have not seen. At one time this apple was confounded with the _Michael Henry_ by many of us, and Mr. Elliott gives it as a synonym of that variety, but they are very distinct.
Tree spreading, vigorous, productive, the bark often marked by a kind of canker or crack. Foliage large, rather light green.
Fruit medium to large, handsome when fair, but often scabby on rich limestone soils and on old trees, conical, regular, sometimes obscurely angular; Surface smooth, yellow, often bronzy; Dots scattered, small, dark.
Basin abrupt, regular or shallow and folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium to long, often knobby and clubbed.
Core regular, closed, slightly clasping the eye; Seeds few, pointed, pale or yellow; Flesh yellow, fine grained, tender, crisp, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, very rich; Quality best; Uses table, kitchen, market; Season December to March.
=Woolfolks.=
This is supposed to be a Kentucky seedling. It was received from my friend Ormsby Hite, of Louisville.
Fruit full, medium, truncated, regular; Surface very smooth, yellow-green; Dots scattered, gray, white bases.
Basin medium, wavy, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, acute, wavy, brown; Stem short, green.
Core small, heart-shaped, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds pointed, angular, dark; Flesh white, tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, table, kitchen; Season, December to March.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Alexander.=
This Russian apple, so much admired for its size and beauty, is not a favorite in the orchard, though some persons have found it profitable in the markets.
Tree medium size, spreading, moderately productive, early bearer.
Fruit large to very large, fair and handsome, conical, truncated, sometimes obscurely angular; Surface smooth, pale yellow, striped and splashed distinctly bright red, sometimes shaded mixed red; Dots minute.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity rather deep, narrow, regular, brown; Stem medium to short, stout.
Core wide, regular, nearly closed, clasping; Axis short; Seeds large; Flesh whitish, breaking, not fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid, not rich; Quality scarcely good, except for cooking; Season, August and September. Fruit falls badly from the tree.
=Cayuga Red Streak.=
TWENTY OUNCE, ETC.
I have preferred to adopt the above name for this old Connecticut apple, to avoid the confusion arising from another and very indifferent fruit that is still considerably cultivated upon the same parallels with this, and known as the _Twenty Ounce Pippin_.
The Cayuga is a very great favorite as a market and family fruit in many parts of the country north of latitude 40°--being large, handsome and productive.
Tree thrifty, healthy, early productive, round-headed, twiggy; Shoots medium or slender, reddish brown, leaves large.
Fruit large to very large, regular, globular-conic; Surface generally smooth, yellow-green, nearly covered with mixed red, striped and splashed scarlet; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin regular, abrupt; Eye small, closed; Calyx long.
Cavity wide, folded, brown; Stem short.
Core wide, large, irregular, open, meeting or slightly clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, short, plump, pale; Flesh whitish, breaking, granular, juicy; Flavor sour, not rich; Quality good, only for its special uses, market, cooking and drying; Season, October to December.
=Clarke's Pearmain.=
Origin North Carolina. Specimens from W.S. Westbrook. Tree grows slowly, but very productive.
Fruit medium, roundish-conic, truncated; Surface yellow, covered bright red and bronzed; Dots numerous, large, yellow.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye small, closed; Segments short, reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, sometimes lipped; Stem long, red.
Core small, pyriform, regular, closed, scarcely clasping; Seeds, some imperfect; Flesh greenish-yellow, fine grained; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good to very good; Use dessert and kitchen; Season December.
=Clayton.=
Believed to have originated in Central Indiana. Brought to my notice by Z.S. Ragan, of Clayton, Indiana; also exhibited by the Plainfield Horticultural Society at the meetings of the State Horticultural Society.
Fruit large, conical, flattened, regular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, covered with dull red, striped and splashed darker; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin narrow, abrupt, regular; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity wide, acute, deep, wavy, green; Stem medium, stout.
Core wide, regular, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, angular, short, dark; Flesh yellow, breaking, not fine grained; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen and market; Season, all winter until March.
=Cooper's Market.=
COOPER'S REDLING.
"Fruit medium, oblong-conic; Skin yellowish, shaded with red, and striped with crimson; Stem short, cavity deep, narrow; Calyx closed, basin small; Flesh white, tender, with a brisk sub-acid flavor; December to May."--(Downing.)
=Early Joe.=
This delicious summer apple originated in Ontario County, New York; Tree moderately vigorous, bushy when young, early bearer, very productive.
Fruit small to medium, flat-conic, regular; Surface yellow or waxen, mixed red, splashed carmine; Dots minute, with yellow bases.
Basin abrupt, regular; Eye medium, long, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity wide, acute, wavy, green; Stem medium, thick.
Core wide, closed, clasping; Seeds plump, brown; Flesh light yellow, breaking, very fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, spicy, rich, very satisfying; Quality best; Use, dessert only; Season, July.
=Early Strawberry.=
AMERICAN RED JUNEATING.
Origin New York; Tree thrifty, very upright, while young, spreading and large when older; Shoots dark colored; Foliage abundant on long stems, bright green, almost shining, rather narrow, long, erect.
Fruit small to medium, round-conic, regular or rarely angular; Surface smooth, often shining, yellow, mostly covered with mixed red, striped crimson; Dots rare, very minute; Surface sticky or "greasy" when house-ripened.
Basin shallow, folded or plaited; Eye medium, long; Segments reflexed.
Cavity medium, regular; Stem long, rather slender, sometimes short, knobby.
Core regular, closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, broad, plump; Flesh whitish-yellow, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use, dessert, market; Season, July and August.
=Family.=
This new southern variety is not yet sufficiently known to enable me to give a full description. My trees have not borne.
Fruit medium, conic, striped red; Season, July and August.
=Flushing Spitzenberg.=
As some doubt has existed in the minds of many pomologists in respect to this variety, and as many have had this name applied to the _Baltimore_ of Elliott, I quote that author's description:
"American. Tree vigorous, strong brown shoots; Fruit medium, roundish, slightly conical, greenish-yellow, mostly covered with warm yellowish-red; russet dots, with suffused fawn shade surrounding; Stem slender; Cavity narrow; Calyx small; Basin shallow; Core rather large; Flesh white, tinged yellow, juicy, crisp, mild, nearly sweet; 'very good.'" November to February.
=Gabriel.=
LADIES' BLUSH.--GARDEN OF INDIANA.
This is thought to be a southern apple, but the origin is unknown. It may yet prove to be a known variety in cultivation.
Tree moderately vigorous, productive.
Fruit medium, conic, regular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, mixed and striped pale red; Dots minute.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity regular, green; Stem medium, slender.
Core regular, closed; Seeds medium; Flesh tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid to sweet, aromatic; Quality almost best, for dessert; August and September, or later.
=Limbertwig.=
This well known southern apple is much cultivated in many parts of the West as a long keeping winter variety. It is a favorite with the southern immigrants, and found most abundant in regions occupied by them, but it has been carried pretty far to the north. The synonym _James River_, as given by Downing, is not met with among the people as applied to this apple, but the _Willow Twig_ is often so named.
Tree thrifty, exceedingly productive; Shoots slender and drooping with the heavy crops.
Fruit medium to small, roundish conic, regular; Surface rather smooth, mixed dull purplish red, on green, stripes scarcely to be traced; Dots numerous, large, irregular, brown.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, open.
Cavity deep, acute, brown; Stem medium, curved.
Core rather large, regular, turbinate, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, small, plump, long; Flesh greenish-yellow, firm; Flavor sub-acid, rich, aromatic; Quality very good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, March and April. Keeps very well, but wilts if exposed to the air--preserved very well in the ground.
=Long Island Seek-no-Further.=
WESTCHESTER SEEK-NO-FURTHER.
This old variety still has its admirers in the Eastern States, but is not often seen in the West. I describe specimens from Wm. S. Carpenter, of Westchester County, New York.
The tree is vigorous and productive.
Fruit rather large, oblate, conic, regular; Surface greenish-yellow, splashed bright red; Dots numerous, scattered, russet.
Basin shallow, wavy; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long.
Core regular, closed; Seeds pointed, angular, imperfect; Flesh greenish-white, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use, table, cooking; Season, October, November.
=Polly Bright.=
Origin Virginia. Considerably cultivated in Eastern Ohio.
"Fruit elongated, conic; Skin light yellow, shaded carmine, obscurely striped; Stalk of medium length, in an acute cavity, russeted; Calyx in a small furrowed basin. Flesh tender, juicy, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor; September, October."--(Downing.)
=Rawle's Janet.=
JANETTING OR GENETON--NEVER FAIL--ROCK RIMMON, ETC., ETC.
This famous southern apple has been spread throughout the West, and even the Northwest where, however, it has not proved hardy. It also has the fault of over-bearing, when the fruit is often small and insipid. In suitable soils it is very fine and deservedly a favorite with planters, some of whom recommend fifty trees of this variety in an orchard of one hundred. Origin Virginia.
Tree thrifty, not large, spreading; Twigs brownish, foliage medium, rather whitish. Blossoms appear later than other sorts, and thus they sometimes escape a spring frost.
Fruit medium, sometimes large when thinned, flattened, conic, regular; Surface smooth, mixed and striped crimson on yellow and green; Dots numerous, small.
Basin wide, regular; Eye small, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity acute, deep, regular, brown; Stem long, curved.
Core regular, heart-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellowish, crisp, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, vinous, refreshing; Quality good to very good; Use, dessert, kitchen, market and cider; Season, February, March, and later.
=Red Winter Pearmain.=
RED GILLIFLOWER--RED LADY FINGER--BUNCOMBE? ETC.
This favorite southern apple is widely diffused through the South and West, and its good qualities have made it many admirers. Origin uncertain.
Tree sufficiently vigorous, upright, productive, annual bearer.
Fruit medium to large, conic, regular; Surface smooth, deep red, almost purplish on yellow, stripes nearly lost in the depth of coloring, whitish shading exteriorly, not a bloom; Dots numerous, minute.
Basin regular, plaited or folded; Eye long or large, open.
Cavity acute, regular, green; Stem medium length, thick, knobby.
Core medium, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, large, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, almost sweet, rich, satisfying; Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, December and January.
=Rosy Red.=
This is one of the valuable fruits which we owe to the indefatigable efforts, of that earnest pomologist and thus philanthropist, Lewis Jones, of Cambridge, Indiana. Found in a seedling orchard.
Fruit medium, conical, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, bright red, generally diffused, indistinctly striped; Dots scattered, medium, yellow.
Basin medium, shallow, regular or folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, narrow, deep, brown; Stem medium, slender, yellow.
Core wide, indistinct, partly open, scarcely meeting the eye; Seeds few, plump and imperfect; Flesh pale yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, market and table; Season, December and January.
=Westfield Seek-no-Further.=
This favorite Connecticut apple has been widely disseminated throughout the country, and is universally admired by those who come from the Northern States; on lower parallels it is less known, and not so highly appreciated, nor is it so fine a fruit, being larger, but less compact, more spongy, less beautifully colored and sometimes almost a russet.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, spreading, productive.
Fruit medium, roundish-conic; Surface smooth dull red, mixed and striped on yellow, in the North clear bright red; Dots scattered, large, yellow; leather-cracked and russeted about the apex.
Basin shallow, regular, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed or open.
Cavity pointed, regular, brown; Stem long.
Core medium, regular, closed, meeting and clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, small, pointed; Flesh yellowish-white, tender, breaking; Flavor very mild sub-acid, aromatic, satisfying, not high flavored nor spicy; Quality only good in my estimation; Use, table and market; Season, December.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=American Golden Russet.=
BULLOCK'S PIPPIN, ETC.
This delicious table apple is a universal favorite with all who can appreciate delicacy of flavor and fineness of flesh in an apple, and yet it is not a profitable variety for orchard planting, because the fruit is very apt to be imperfect. The best I have seen were from the South, and sandstone soils.
Tree vigorous, upright, round-headed, small; Foliage large, healthy.
Fruit small to medium, round-conic, regular when perfect; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with thin russet, sometimes faintly blushed; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed; Flesh yellowish, very fine grained, tender, when fully ripe almost melting, like a pear, juicy, becoming dry when over ripe; Flavor sub-acid, rich, aromatic; Quality very best; Use, dessert; Season, November and December.
=Cheesborough.=
This is one of the largest and one of the poorest of the Russet apples, and unworthy of cultivation; on that account put upon record to be avoided.
Fruit large and fair, conical, regular; Surface dull green, overspread with thin russet, or more southward.
Basin irregular, green; Eye large, closed.
Cavity pointed, regular; Stem short.
Core large, closed, clasping; Seeds long, pointed, angular; Flesh green, breaking, coarse, often dry; Flavor acid or sub-acid, not rich; Quality poor; Use, kitchen only; Season, November and December.
=Egyptian Russet.=
BAGBY RUSSET.
This capital dessert fruit was found in Southern Illinois and introduced to his fellow pomologists of the State Society by Jno. M. Hunter, nurseryman, of Ashley. Its origin is unknown, but supposed, like the pioneers of the region, to have come from Tennessee, or some other Southern State.
Tree symmetrical, moderately vigorous, productive; Twigs slender.
Fruit medium, regular, conical, truncated; Surface smooth, light yellow, covered with fine russet, obscurely striped gray.
Basin wide, wavy, plaited, green; Eye medium to large, open.
Cavity acute, wavy; Stem medium.
Core irregular, closed, scarcely meeting the eye; Seeds large, plump; Flesh very tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich, pear-like; Quality _very best_; Use, dessert; Season, December and January, until March. Like other russets disposed to wilt if too much exposed to the air.
=Poughkeepsie Russet.=
ENGLISH RUSSET.
Origin New York; Tree tender, vigorous, upright, productive; Shoots brown, slender; Foliage healthy.
Fruit medium, conical or globular-conical, regular; Surface smooth, almost polished, dull yellowish-green, often bronzed near the base, more or less covered with fine russet.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye large, closed.
Cavity pointed, wavy; Stem long.
Core closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds imperfect; Flesh greenish, firm, inclined to be tough; Flavor acid, poor; Quality third rate; Use, market and cooking only, and valued because it keeps soundly for a long time; Season, December until June.
=Ross' Nonpareil.=
SPICE RUSSET? OF OHIO.
The delicious fruit about to be described is believed to be the celebrated Irish apple mentioned by Thompson, Lindley, and others; if not, we have found another choice fruit, which deserves to be better known. It is frequently found at the exhibitions in Ohio and Indiana. Often shown as _Spice Russet_, flatter and irregular: _Vide conspectus._
Fruit medium, regular, oblate-conical; Surface smooth, yellowish, thin russet, rarely blushed dull carmine; Dots minute, gray.
Basin wide, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem long, inclined.
Core regular, open, scarcely meeting the eye; Axis short; Seeds numerous, medium, plump; Flesh white, breaking, fine grained, tender; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality almost best; for table; Season December.
=Spafford Russet.=
This apple is supposed to have originated near old Fort Miami, in Northern Ohio, and was introduced to the notice of the Ohio Pomological Society by its Vice-President, J. Austin Scott, of Toledo, who cultivates the variety on the banks of the Maumee, near the place of its supposed origin.
Fruit medium, flattened-conical, regular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, lightly russeted, rarely bronzed; Dots minute, green.
Basin medium, abrupt, narrow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem medium.
Core small, open, regular, meeting the eye; Axis short. Seeds numerous, plump, angular; Flesh white, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich, aromatic, agreeable; Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season, December until March.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR OR ANGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Belden Sweet.=
"Grown in Connecticut, very prolific; Fruit medium or below, conic, angular; Skin light yellow, with a warm cheek. Stem medium, in an acute deep cavity; Calyx closed, in a small basin; Flesh white, tender, juicy, saccharine, with a pleasant aromatic flavor; December to March."--(Downing.)
=Lyman's Pumpkin Sweet.=
POUND SWEET.
Origin, the orchard of S. Lyman, Manchester, Connecticut. A very handsome, large, sweet apple, valued for baking and for stock-feeding.
Tree vigorous, spreading, drooping, rather productive.
Fruit large to very large, roundish-conical, angular; Surface very smooth, pale yellow; Dots minute.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium or short.
Core large, closed; Seeds angular, dark; Flesh yellowish, breaking, juicy, often water-cored and heavy; Flavor very sweet; Quality good; Use, baking and stock-feeding; Season, October to December.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
NONE.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Sweet Russet= of Kentucky.
This fruit was received from J.S. Downer & Son, Elkton, Kentucky.
Fruit small, conical, truncated, angular; Surface rough, dark russet; Dots scattered, minute, white, prominent.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity very shallow, acute; Stem short, slender.
Core large, regular, nearly closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, pale; Flesh yellowish-white, fine-grained, not tender; Flavor sweet; Quality scarcely good; Season, December to February.
=Sweet Russet.=
Fruit medium, conical, uneven; Surface yellow, thin russet; Dots numerous, small, prominent.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem short.
Core oval, open, clasping the eye; Seeds plump; Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality good to very good; Use, baking; Season, August.
S.B. Parsons of Flushing, Long Island, considers it the best baking apple.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED OR BLUSHED.
=Belmont.=
GATE--MAMMA BEAN, ETC.
This beautiful apple is believed to be of Virginia origin, but was brought into public notice and notoriety in Belmont County, Ohio, whence its name. It is supposed to be the same as the _Waxen_ of Coxe, which that author refers to Virginia.
Tree vigorous, spreading, productive, not hardy; Twigs light olive.
Fruit large, fair, oblate-conic, often angular; Surface very smooth, waxen-yellow, often faintly blushed orange, and spotted red; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin regular or wavy, not deep; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem long.
Core wide, regular, somewhat open, clasping; Axis short; Seeds numerous, large, flat; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, refreshing, very agreeable; Quality nearly best; Use, table, kitchen, market; Season, October to December.
=Celestia.=
This fine amateur fruit, which appears destined to take the place of the Dyer, being more handsome, is a seedling from the _Stillwater Sweet_, and was produced by L.S. Mote, of Miami County, Ohio.
Fruit large, conical, truncated, angular; Surface somewhat uneven, smooth, waxen-yellow; Dots scattered, distinct, gray, with green bases.
Basin narrow, folded; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity wide, shallow, angular; Stem long or medium, sometimes knobby.
Core small, oval, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, long, angular; Flesh yellow, very fine grained, very tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, very sprightly, and spicy, aromatic; Quality very best; Use, table and kitchen; Season, September.
This is essentially an amateur's fruit, as its texture and color disqualify it for market, while its delicious flavor renders it very attractive.
=Detroit Black.=
DETROIT RED?--GRAND SACHEM.
Supposed to be of Canadian origin, in the neighborhood of Detroit, Michigan. I have put these two names together, because the fruits presented as _Black_ and as _Red Detroit_ are so very much alike in all respects that it is not worth while to consider them distinct.
Fruit large to very large, conic, angular; Surface very smooth, shining, deep red shaded, almost black in some specimens, no striping; Dots, numerous, minute, indented, gray.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded; Eye small, open.
Cavity wide, wavy; stem very short.
Core wide, closed or open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, brown; Flesh whitish, tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid, poor; Quality second to third rate; Use, kitchen and drying; Season, September and October.
The Red variety may be distinct, as it keeps later.
=Fall Geneting.=
Elliott says this is an old Connecticut variety. Tree vigorous and productive.
Fruit large, flattened-conic, angular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, blushed; Dots rare, minute.
Basin shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity deep, wide, regular, brown; Stem short.
Core small, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump or imperfect, brown; Flesh yellow, fine grained, juicy, crisp; Flavor sub-acid, not very rich; Quality good; Use, table, kitchen; Season, October.
=Ferdinand.=
I procured my trees from Virginia, where it originated. Tree vigorous, upright.
Fruit large, flattened-conic, irregular; Surface smooth, pale green or yellow.
Basin shallow; Eye medium, open.
Cavity medium; Stem stout.
Flesh yellow, tender; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Season, "November to March," according to Mr. Summer, South Carolina.
=Harrison.=
This famous Jersey cider apple, from Essex County in that State, has been carried westward over a great extent of territory, where it succeeds admirably well, and where the necessities of the people have brought to light its good properties for the kitchen as well as for the cider mill.
Tree vigorous, large, spreading, productive.
Fruit small, round-conical, somewhat angular and irregular; Surface not smooth, yellow, rarely blushed; frequent rose-colored spots, and marks radiating from the cavity over the base of the fruit; Dots small, distinct, gray.
Basin none, or very shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed; Segments long.
Cavity medium, regular, brown; Stem long, red, knobby.
Core regular, heart-shaped, closed, scarcely meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, small; Flesh yellow, compact, dry till ripe, then juicy; flavor acid to sub-acid, very rich, saccharine; Quality good; Use, especially for cider, also for cooking and for dessert in April. Keeps well.
=Pound Royale.=
This fine summer apple, received from H.N. Gillett, of Lawrence County, Ohio, has long been considered one of the very best summer apples along the Ohio River.
Tree a pretty good grower, an early and constant bearer, very productive; Shoots dark, foliage dark.
Fruit large, conical, slightly angular; Surface smooth, glossy, greenish; Dots small, green, indented.
Basin medium, folded; Eye medium, closed; Segments long, reflexed.
Cavity acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium, sometimes knobby.
Core small, closed or slightly open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed, dark; Flesh white, very tender, juicy; Flavor very mild sub-acid, delicious; Quality very good to best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, August.
Different from _Pound Royal_ of Downing, which is a winter-keeping fruit.
=Ridge Pippin.=
This fruit appears to be quite a favorite market apple in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, where it originated.
Fruit rather large, round-conic, very irregular, ribbed; Surface yellow, lightly shaded and blushed with red, and sprinkled with russet and crimson spots.
Basin abrupt, furrowed and folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem short.
Flesh yellow, crisp, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, rich.
Season, until March and April.
=The Cook's Favorite.=
This nice autumn apple comes to me from Oliver Albertson, a prominent and intelligent cultivator in Washington County, Indiana, marked "_Best_." Origin unknown.
Fruit medium, flattish-conical, angular; Surface smooth, whitish-yellow; Dots minute.
Basin deep, folded, ribbed; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, roundish, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, dark; Flesh yellow, breaking, tender; Flavor sub-acid; Quality quite good; Use, kitchen especially--"cooks very well;" Season, September.
=Trenton Early.=
This fine autumn apple has been thought to be the _English Codling_. Of its origin and history we know little, except that it was one of Silas Wharton's varieties, and that it has been a great favorite wherever known. It was introduced to the notice of the Ohio Pomological Society, 1852, by R.W. Steele, Esq., of Dayton, Ohio, with the following notes: "A large, white apple, of excellent flavor, and is highly esteemed both for eating and cooking. It ripens in August. The tree is a vigorous grower and an abundant bearer. It was introduced here many years ago by Silas Wharton, of Warren County, to whom this portion of the Miami Valley is largely indebted for the introduction of many excellent varieties of apples and pears."
Fruit large, conical, angular; Surface smooth, very pale yellow or white; Dots rare, minute.
Basin narrow, folded; Eye medium or small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem medium.
Core large, rather open; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh white, very tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, pleasant; Quality very good; Use, dessert and kitchen; Season, August, September.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--ANGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Buckingham.=
BYER'S RED--FALL QUEEN (of some)--BLACKBURN (erroneously.)
This favorite southern apple, from Louisa County, Virginia, has worked its way northward into public favor at rapid rate, under the influence of railways and Pomological Societies. It was first presented to the American Society at the Philadelphia meeting, in 1860, when it was figured and reported on by the Committee on Native Fruits, to some of whom, as to thousands of others in the West, it was familiar as household words. This fruit was brought by settlers to Southern Illinois, and thence distributed, by taking up the sprouts that formed about the base of the stocks, and setting them out for an orchard. I have some of these growing, and they make nice plants.
Tree vigorous, upright, compact while young, spreading with the weight of fruit, never large; the shoots rather slender, red, dark; Leaves medium, rather narrow, wider towards the end, dark, footstalks red. The stems of these trees are characterized by curious enlargements of an irregular, mammellar form, and reddish color, and appear to be like the knaurs of the olive tree.
When this apple was first brought to the notice of the Cincinnati Horticultural Society, twenty years ago, it was thought to resemble the Winter Queen of Kentucky so closely that it was considered only a variety or sport, and called the _Striped Fall Queen_, but it has since been deemed a distinct sort.
Fruit large to very large, variable in form, but generally conical, or oblate-conic, truncated, angular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, mixed and striped pale purplish-red; Dots scattered, prominent, yellow.
Basin deep, abrupt, wavy; Eye large, long, open.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem short.
Core large, regular, closed; Axis very short; Seeds numerous, long, pointed; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, rich, agreeable; Quality best, or nearly so; Use, table, kitchen, drying; Season, October to December.
=Esopus Spitzenberg.=
Origin New York, on the Hudson. This fruit has changed its character in progressing westward and southward, becoming larger and more irregular, less brilliantly colored, less highly flavored, and less productive.
Tree vigorous, upright, thrifty, but in some regions subject to blight and unprofitable; Shoots slender.
Fruit medium to large, conical, ribbed, irregular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with bright red, marbled and mixed, striped more or less distinctly; Dots numerous, large, irregular, gray, always elongated near the base.
Basin deep, ribbed or folded, often leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, or wavy; Stem long.
Core large, closed; Seeds long, pointed; Flesh rich, yellow, breaking, juicy at the North, more fibrous than crisp at the South; Flavor quite acid till ripe, when it is rich, saccharine, highly aromatic, giving the idea of the Spitzenberg flavor; Quality best; Use, dessert and kitchen; Season, December to February.
=Lansingburgh.=
The origin of this long-keeper has not been traced. It has been common about Cincinnati, and along the Ohio River, for many years.
Tree upright, vigorous, brushy and thorny, looking like a wilding.
Fruit medium, conical, angular, oblique, often unequal; Surface smooth, green and yellow, bronzed and blushed, becoming very rich yellow and carmine--an indistinct gray-striping makes the ripe fruit appear to be striped yellow; Dots minute, indented, gray, with green bases.
Basin deep, plaited or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, irregular, rough with brown; Stem short.
Core small, oval, closed; Seeds numerous, large; Flesh firm, compact; Flavor mild sub-acid, negative; Quality scarcely good; Use, market, ornamental, cooking; Season in the kitchen all winter--ornamental and eatable March to May, or later.
=Late Strawberry.=
AUTUMN STRAWBERRY.
The origin of this choice fruit appears to be unknown.
Tree upright, productive, thrifty, leaves serrate.
Fruit medium, roundish, conical, angular, furrowed; Surface smooth, waxen-yellow, mixed and striped scarlet; Dots minute, indented.
Basin folded, irregular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, irregular; Stem slender, long.
Core medium, regular, closed, Seeds large; Flesh yellow, very tender, fine-grained, very juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, refreshing, vinous; Quality best; Use, dessert especially; Season, August and September.
There is another similar fruit--the _Frank_ or _Chenango Strawberry_, which is by some preferred to this.
=Northern Spy.=
Origin near Rochester, New York. Tree very vigorous, large, upright, spreading, when older; shoots reddish, leaves healthy, large, dark. Tree productive when old, but not an early bearer; needs trimming to admit light and air to the fruit.
Fruit large, flattened-conical, angular; Surface smooth, yellow, mixed, and splashed, scarlet, or crimson; Dots scattered, small.
Basin abrupt, regular, or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular or wavy, brown; Stem medium to short.
Core large, irregular, open; Seeds numerous, small, pointed, pale; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, granular, juicy; Flavor acid, becoming sub-acid, aromatic, rich, with the spiciness of a Spitzenberg; Quality considered best, but rather coarse in texture; Use, table, kitchen and market; Season, December until May, and in the North longer.
=Red Canada.=
STEEL'S RED.
Origin New England. Tree thrifty, healthy, but slender, twiggy, productive.
Fruit medium, globular-conic, indistinctly angular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with mixed and striped bright red; Dots numerous, gray, indented, elongated near the stem, as in Esopus.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, acute, wavy; Stem long, inclined.
Core regular, closed, large; Seeds imperfect; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, crisp, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, delicious; Quality best, for table; Season, December to February.
=Red Stripe.=
EARLY RED MARGARET (incorrectly)--ROCKHILL'S SUMMER QUEEN (Indiana).
This handsome and productive early apple has been extensively propagated in parts of Indiana, under the names above presented. It was introduced at Fort Wayne by Mr. Rockhill, who is reported to have "made more money from the trees of this variety than from twice as many of any other early apple." Recommended for general cultivation in that State.
Tree hardy in nursery and orchard, productive; Shoots very downy.
Fruit medium to small, long, conical, furrowed or ribbed; Surface polished, pale yellow, mixed and splashed crimson.
Basin very shallow, plaited; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, browned; Stem medium.
Core long, oval, embracing the eye; Flesh whitish, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality good; Table or kitchen; Season, July and August.
=Scalloped Gilliflower.=
This is supposed to be an old European variety. Its peculiarly irregular form makes it quite a remarkable fruit. It is sometimes called _Red Gilliflower_; but that name is also very commonly applied to quite another fruit--the _Red Winter Pearmain_, described on a previous page, in Class II., Order I., Section 2., Sub-section 2.
Fruit large, round-conic, very irregular, furrowed and ribbed; Surface yellow, marbled and splashed scarlet.
Basin abrupt, deep, folded or ribbed; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, irregular, wavy; Stem medium.
Core regular, round, very open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking, tender; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality scarcely good; Use, table, kitchen; Season, November, December. Chiefly grown northward.
=Seager.=
This large, handsome fruit was exhibited at the American Pomological Society's meeting at Philadelphia, in 1860, by Chas. P. Davis, of Phillipsburgh, New Jersey. The Committee reported it "Good."
Fruit large, roundish-conic, irregular; Surface smooth, yellow, striped, splashed and mixed carmine; Dots scattered, yellow.
Basin abrupt, narrow, folded, plaited; Eye medium, large, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown and yellow; Stem medium, knobby.
Core roundish, open, clasping; Seeds angular, imperfect; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use, table, kitchen; Season, September.
=Stanard.=
From Erie County, New York, this fruit has made its way westward, by the Lakes, having been distributed by Col. Hodge, of Buffalo, and brought to the notice of his western friends by Hon. M.L. Dunlap, of Champaign, Illinois, who esteems it very highly. I quote from his account of it:
"This proves one of our most profitable winter apples; the tree bears young and constantly, but fuller on alternate years; fruit large and showy, shoots large and downy; buds prominent, fruit buds large, and the earliest in the orchard to swell; but they do not open as soon as others. Tree spreading, trunk generally crooked." Very hardy.
Fruit large, roundish, conical, ribbed, angular; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, somewhat red, mixed and striped indistinctly; Dots numerous, minute, white.
Basin medium, folded and plaited; Eye large, closed; Segments long.
Cavity wide, acute, wavy, green; Stem medium to long.
Core small, globular, regular, closed or open; Seeds numerous, brown, angular; Flesh yellow, breaking, rather coarse, tender; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich; Quality good; Use, market and table; Season, November to February.
=Summer Queen.=
American. Tree vigorous, large, spreading, productive.
Fruit medium, round-conic, angular; Surface yellow, covered mixed red, striped, splashed scarlet; Dots minute, yellow.
Basin none or very shallow, folded or plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, regular, open; Seeds numerous, pointed, brown; Flesh firm, yellow, breaking; Flavor acid, very aromatic, spicy; Quality first rate; Use, kitchen; Season, July, August.
=Winesap.=--[_Coxe._]
Tree vigorous, healthy, hardy, productive, early bearer; Branches open, straggling; Shoots strong, dark reddish-brown; Foliage curled, glaucous, sparse.
Fruit medium, conical, often obscurely angular, or slightly ribbed; Surface rather smooth, bright or dark red, mixed and obscurely striped on yellow, which is mostly covered, often veined russet; Dots few, minute, indented.
Basin narrow, shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, reddish brown; Stem medium.
Core regular, somewhat open; Seeds large, rather light; Flesh firm, yellow; Flavor rich, acid to sub-acid; Use, market, kitchen, cider; Season, January to March.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--ANGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Fort Miami.=
This is another of the seedling russets of the Maumee, brought to the notice of the State Society by its Vice-President, J. Austin Scott, of Toledo. Mr. Elliott describes it from notes taken in 1846, when he received specimens from A. Spafford, Esq., Perrysburgh, Ohio.
Tree upright and spreading, healthy, thrifty; Shoots dark; not an early bearer, but productive when older.
Fruit medium, roundish or oblong-conic, truncated, angular, often unequal; Surface rich yellow russet, often bronzed; Dots scattered, netted russeting.
Basin medium or shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, green; Stem medium.
Core oval, clasping the eye, regular, closed; Seeds often imperfect; Flesh greenish-yellow, firm; Flavor acid, rich; quality nearly best; Use, dessert; Season, February to April.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Bluff Sweet.=
This apple was found by G.M. Beeler on the banks of the White river, upon a farm devoted to pomology.
Fruit medium to small, regular, round; Surface smooth, green; Dots minute.
Basin shallow; Eye small, closed.
Cavity shallow, regular; Stem long.
Core small, oval, pointed; Seeds plump, brown; Flesh greenish-white; Flavor sweet; Quality good; Use, market; Season, July. Rather too small.
=Broadwell.=
This delicious winter sweet apple originated near Cincinnati, Ohio. Tree thrifty, vigorous, spreading, productive.
Fruit large, varies from globular toward oblate, regular; Surface smooth, pale yellow or whitish, thinly blushed with carmine, often bronzed; Dots scattered, minute, dark.
Basin abrupt, rarely folded or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular brown; Stem short.
Core round, regular, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds short, plump; Flesh yellowish, fine-grained, very tender, juicy; Flavor very sweet, agreeable; Quality best winter sweet; Use, table, kitchen; Season, December.
=Caleb.=
"A Pennsylvania fruit. Tree vigorous and productive; Fruit medium, roundish, flattened, skin yellow; Flesh rather fine, very sweet, excellent for cooking. Last of August and first of September".--[Downing.]
=Danvers' Winter Sweet.=
Origin Danvers, Massachusetts. Tree very thrifty, very productive.
Fruit large, globular, truncate, sometimes globular-oblate, regular; Surface smooth, uneven, greenish-yellow; Dots numerous, medium, prominent, with white and green bases.
Basin abrupt, deep, regular; Eye small, closed; Segments long.
Cavity wide, deep, brown; Stem long, slender, knobby.
Core round, regular, closed; Seeds numerous, long, brown, pointed; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality good to very good; Use, baking; Season, December and January.
=Fancher.=
This new fruit was obtained from Mr. Thomson, at the State Fair at Zanesville, Ohio. Origin unknown. Not identified nor recognized.
Fruit large to very large, globular, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, blushed; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, green; Stem long, inclined.
Core wide, round, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, brown; Flesh white, fine-grained, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality good to very good; Use, baking; Season, September and October.
=Golden Sweet.=
ORANGE SWEETING.
From Connecticut. Tree very robust, vigorous, spreading, round-head, early--productive; Shoots stout, dark, foliage large, dark.
Fruit large, globular, regular; Surface very smooth, waxen to rich yellow; Dots scattered, indented, green.
Basin shallow, wide regular; Eye medium, closed; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem long, slender, yellow.
Core medium, regular, closed; Seeds numerous, small, pointed, light brown; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet, aromatic, like sassafrass; Quality good to very good; Use, baking and market; Season, August.
=Higby Sweet.=
LADY BLUSH.
Origin Trumbull County, Ohio; introduced by Dr. Kirtland.
Fruit large, round, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, blushed; Dots scattered, distinct, white and dark.
Basin abrupt, wavy, deep; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium.
Core small, regular, heart-shaped, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds plump; Flesh yellowish-white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality good; Use, baking; Season, October.
=Hightop Sweet.=
SWEET JUNE.
From Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Tree vigorous, very upright, exceedingly productive and profitable.
Fruit small to medium, round, regular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow; Dots minute, black.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow; Stem medium.
Core very small, oval, separate from the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, yellow; Flesh white, or greenish-white, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, June and July.
=Holston Sweet.=
Origin unknown. Not identified as any other variety; received from my brother, J.T. Warder, Springfield, Ohio.
Fruit medium to large, round, regular; Surface smooth greenish-yellow, bronzy; Dots scattered.
Basin regular, small; Eye small, closed.
Cavity shallow, wide; Stem long to medium.
Core small, oval, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds short, plump, brown; Flesh whitish-yellow, very fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor very sweet, aromatic, rich; Quality best; Use, table, baking; Season, December to February.
One of the best sweet table apples--better than _Higby Sweet_.
=May.=
MAY (of Myers)--RHENISH MAY (of Illinois.)
This long-keeping apple has been widely disseminated throughout the West, and yet I do not find its history nor origin. It has been exhibited at all our winter meetings, and finds favor on account of its productiveness and its long-keeping properties. Tree healthy, vigorous and productive--believed to be hardy. Its reputed foreign origin is discredited.
Fruit medium, round, inclined to conical, regular; Surface smooth, often shining, pale greenish-yellow, often faintly blushed, or bronzed.
Basin shallow, generally regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow, regular, brown; Stem long, rather slender.
Core large, regular, heart-shaped, reaching the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed, plump, brown; Flesh yellow, compact, fine, sufficiently juicy; Quality fair; Use market and kitchen; Season spring and into summer.
=Morton.=
This undescribed fruit appears to have originated in Clermont County, Ohio. My specimens and trees came from my worthy friend, Wm. E. Mears, of Milford, Ohio.
Tree vigorous, healthy, round top, spreading, productive; Shoots rather slender; Leaves rich green, abundant.
Fruit large, round, regular; Surface smooth, green, becoming yellow, with a dull bronzy blush; Dots gray and brown.
Basin shallow, or deep and abrupt, regular or plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, brown; Stem rather slender, often long.
Core very small, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds not numerous, flat, angular; Flesh white, tender, juicy; Flavor rather sweet, rich, agreeable; Season December to January. Worthy of cultivation.
=Paradise Summer Sweet.=
Origin Eastern Pennsylvania. Tree upright, vigorous, productive.
Fruit large, oblate-globular, regular; Surface greenish-yellow; Dots numerous, large, white.
Basin shallow, wide, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, regular, acute, green; Stem long, inclined, yellow.
Core medium, regular, round, clasping; Seeds plump; Flesh yellow, melting, juicy; Flavor rich, sweet; Quality best; Use table and kitchen; Season August, September.
=Paradise Winter Sweet.=
Origin believed to be similar to its predecessor--Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
Fruit large, globular, often unequal; Surface smooth, yellowish-white; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin abrupt, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core large, wide, open, clasping; Seeds plump and dark; Flesh white, tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality good; Use, baking and stock; Season, December to March.
=Tallman's Sweet.=
This favorite baking apple of New England has traveled from Rhode Island wherever her hardy sons have gone westward.
Tree hardy, very productive.
Fruit medium to large, nearly round, somewhat flattened, regular; Surface smooth, yellow; Dots minute, dark; frequently a distinct line on one side from stem to eye.
Basin wide, regular, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity rather wide, regular; Stem medium size, long.
Core heart-shaped, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, pointed, dark; Flesh yellow, breaking, firm; Flavor very sweet, rich; Quality good; Use, baking and stock; Season, December and January.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Bentley Sweet.=
This long-keeping sweet apple was received in Eastern Ohio from some part of Virginia, where it is supposed to have originated.
Tree quite vigorous, upright while young, spreading, productive--an early bearer.
Fruit medium to large, globular, truncated, slightly flattened, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, or greenish, covered, mixed, blotched, striped and splashed dull red, becoming brighter when ripe; Dots minute.
Basin medium, abrupt, regular; Eye medium, open; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem slender, long.
Core round, flattened, regular, closed; Seeds numerous, plump, long; Flesh yellowish-white, firm, breaking, fine-grained; Flavor sweet; Quality good to very good; Season spring and all summer until September. Keeps sound.
=Bowling Sweet.=
From Spottsylvania County, Virginia. Tree vigorous, very productive.
Fruit medium roundish, dull red on yellow; Flesh rich, juicy, sweet; Entirely free from acid; October to January.--[H.R. Robey, in Downing.]
=Cullasaga.=
Origin Macon County, North Carolina. Good grower; a standard winter fruit for the South.
Fruit medium or large, roundish, inclining to oval, flattened at base and crown, skin yellowish, mostly shaded and striped with dark crimson, and sprinkled with whitish dots; Stem small and short, inserted in a deep cavity, surrounded by russet; Calyx open, set in a shallow, corrugated basin; Flesh yellow, tender, juicy, with a very mild, rich, almost saccharine flavor. January to April.--[Downing.]
=Gilpin.=
CARTHOUSE--LITTLE RED ROMANITE.
This valuable Virginia apple was cultivated and distributed by Coxe, and has found its way into the orchards and into favor all over the country, on account of its productiveness and early bearing.
Tree remarkably vigorous, strongly branched, spreading, open, round head, very productive; shoots stout, dark; foliage rather sparse, somewhat curled and glaucous.
Fruit medium, small on old trees, round, truncated at the ends, making it look cylindrical, mostly symmetrical, but large specimens often somewhat irregular; Surface very smooth, often polished, deep red all over, stripes indistinct; Dots minute, indented.
Basin wide, regular, or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem very short.
Core medium, round, regular, closed; Seeds few, large, plump; Flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy; Flavor sweet, rich; Quality poor for dessert, though it is eatable in the spring--valuable for its cider from the richness of the must. Keeps sound until May--bruises do not rot as in other apples. Valuable also for stock.
Its early bearing makes it very desirable in a new country, and in the prairies it has received the soubriquet of "_Dollars and Cents_."
=Hall.=
HALL'S SEEDLING--HALL'S RED.
From Franklin County, North Carolina, and now being spread throughout the Western States as a fruit of great promise.
Tree medium size, sufficiently thrifty, upright, hardy, very productive; Shoots long, rather slender, reddish, wood firm. Introduced into the West by the venerable R. Ragan, of Fillmore, Indiana. The specimens from which the following description was made were sent by J.S. Downer, of Elkton, Kentucky, from whom also my trees were obtained. Mr. J.P. Wilson, of Olney, Ill., says, it originated in Saline County, of that State, with Jonathan Hall, about forty years ago. [?]
Fruit small, round, slightly conical, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered with bright red, mixed and striped; Dots numerous, large, yellow.
Basin shallow, wavy or plaited, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core pyriform, regular, slightly open, clasping; Seeds large, plump; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich, agreeable; Quality almost best; Use, table; Season, December to April.
=Ladies' Sweeting.=
This prime favorite of Chas. Downing originated near Newburgh, New York. Though having many admirers, it finds strong competitors in the _Broadwell_, _Paradise Winter_, and some others of the same season.
Tree thrifty, productive.
Fruit large, round, somewhat conic, occasionally angular; Surface smooth, light yellow, striped and splashed with bright red; Dots distinct, large, gray.
Basin medium, often abrupt, folded; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity medium or wide, regular, brown; Stem short, or long and slender.
Core medium, round, closed or open, clasping; Seeds numerous (16), angular; Flesh white, crisp, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sweet, agreeable; Quality only good (to my taste); Use, table, baking and stock feeding; Season, December.
=Scarlet Sweet.=
This delicate fruit was received from _my good friend_ Jas. Edgerton, of Barnesville, Ohio, who had exhibited it at the State Pomological Society at different times.
Fruit medium, round, somewhat flattened, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, striped and blushed scarlet; Dots minute.
Basin wide, abrupt, regular; Eye medium, open; segments short.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium, slender.
Core rather wide, regular, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, angular; Flesh yellow, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality good to very good; Uses, table, baking and market; Season, October to December.
This is different from the _Scarlet Sweeting_ of Sigler, of Morgan County, Ohio--more like Hampton's Scarlet Sweet, of M.S. notes.
=Sweet Janet.=
This is another of the fine fruits originated by Reuben Ragan, of Indiana, from seed of _Rawle's Janet_. Tree large, healthy, vigorous, spreading; Shoots rather stout, brown; foliage rich green. Annually productive of fine, fair fruits, which are well distributed and hold well.
Fruit large, round, somewhat conical, regular; Surface smooth, covered with rich red or crimson, mixed and striped; Dots numerous, rather large, yellow, indented.
Basin regular or plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity rather deep, very narrow, wavy; Stem quite short.
Core medium, turbinate, regular, slightly open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, pointed; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality good to very good; Use, baking, market; Season, December and January. Very profitable.
=Sweet Romanite.=
Origin unknown. Grown in Illinois; introduced at the State Society by the lamented Cyrus R. Overman, President--much esteemed by him.
Fruit medium, round, sometimes flattened or truncate, regular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, blushed, mixed bright red and dull red, stripes indistinct; Dots scattered, irregular, brown or fawn on the deeper colors.
Basin medium, or deep and abrupt, folded, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium to long, green.
Core roundish, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, angular; Flesh yellow, fine-grained, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality good to very good; Use, baking, cider, table and stock; Season, December to April.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Orange Sweeting or Russet.=
An eastern variety--not much cultivated.
Fruit large, very round, regular; Surface greenish-yellow, bronzy-orange, russeted; Dots numerous, white, green bases.
Basin shallow, regular, or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, lipped, wavy; Stem short, green.
Core very large, turbinate, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed, pale; Flesh green, rather tough, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality good--for baking especially; Season, December.
=Pumpkin Russet.=
Fruit large, globular, regular; Surface covered with coarse russeting; Flesh spongy, light, very sweet; Used for baking and apple butter; Season, autumn. Not valuable, except for stock.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED OR BLUSHED.
=Ashmore.=
The origin of this fine dessert fruit is not known. Though not commonly cultivated, it is considerably scattered, and has come to me from several points in the West with different local names.
Tree vigorous, upright, with long parallel branches that become spreading. Shoots rather slender, foliage rich green.
Fruit rather large, handsome, round, frequently flattened, regular, rarely angular; Surface smooth, polished, very light waxen yellow, almost wholly covered with brilliant lively carmine, very rarely an indistinct stripe; Dots minute, gray, indented.
Basin medium, often wavy or even folded; Eye small, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity narrow, acute, regular or wavy; Stem medium to short.
Core indistinct, closed; Seeds plump; Flesh yellowish-white, crisp, tender, very fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, very agreeable; Quality best, though not rich; Uses, table, kitchen and market; Season, September and October; May be kept into winter.
There is also a _Striped Ashmore_, resembling this in every respect, except in the distinct stripe. It is supposed to be a sport from the above. Both varieties have been propagated to some extent by suckers or sprouts.
=Bledsoe.=
From Carroll County, Kentucky; Sent to Ohio by Lewis Sanders. Tree moderately vigorous, spreading, productive.
Fruit large, round, somewhat conical, flattened at the base, regular; Surface greenish-yellow.
Basin sometimes folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, brown; Stem short.
Flesh white, fine-grained, crisp, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good--Kentucky Horticultural Society say "very good;" Season, September to April.
=Bush.=
Received from W.G. Waring, Tyrone, Pennsylvania. Supposed to be a seedling of Centre County. "Tree vigorous, hardy, thrifty, regularly productive."--[W.G.W.]
Fruit large, fair, round, regular; Surface smooth, waxy yellow, occasionally a faint blush; Dots minute, rare.
Basin wavy; Eye medium to small, closed.
Cavity deep, wavy, brownish; Stem long, slender, yellow.
Core medium, round, rather open, meeting the eye; Seeds few, plump, dark; Flesh whitish, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, agreeable; Quality very good; Season August and September.
Mr. Waring considers it one of the best of the season, in which opinion I unite.
=Cornish Aromatic.=
This foreign variety was imported and tested at Louisville, Kentucky, by Mr. George Heinsohn, to whom I am indebted for specimens of other European varieties.
Fruit medium to large, roundish, a little flattened, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, washed rich red; Dots and spots yellow russet.
Basin medium, abrupt, regular or furrowed; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium depth, narrow; Stem medium to long, slender.
Core medium, somewhat open, clasping; Seeds large, plump, angular; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, spicy; Season November to February.
=Duffield Pippin.=
Specimens from my friend T.T. Lyon, of Michigan, who says it is a seedling that originated in Pennsylvania, at the beginning of the present century, with the ancestors of Geo. Duffield, D.D., for whom it was named, when it received a first premium at the Michigan State Fair, as a valuable winter variety.
Fruit large, handsome, round, sometimes conic, regular; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, blushed; Dots scattered; minute, indented.
Basin abrupt, narrow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow, acute; Stem medium to long.
Core closed, clasping; Seeds plump, brown; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Uses table, kitchen and market; Season January to April.
=Fall Pippin.=
It is unfortunate that since the days of Coxe there should have been a confounding of this noble and delicious American apple with the inferior foreign kitchen variety: the Holland Pippin.
Tree exceedingly vigorous, large, wide-branching, open head, not early bearer, moderately productive when old; Shoots stout, dark; Leaves large, broad.
Fruit large to very large, handsome, globular, truncated, making it cylindrical, regular; Surface smooth, rich yellow, rarely blushed South, frequently so North, with skin finer; Dots minute, gray.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular, marked with concentric rings which often crack open in large southern specimens; Eye large, open; Segments short.
Cavity wide, regular, or narrow, deep; Stem long.
Core large, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds pointed, often imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, compact, very fine-grained; Flavor acid, becoming sub-acid, aromatic, delicious; Quality best for dessert, kitchen, market and drying; Season September to December.
=Fall Swaar.=--[OF THE WEST.]
The origin of this apple is unknown. Like many others of our Western fruits, which have been received from various sources, and often from unreliable persons, and with wrong names, we have been obliged to re-christen this.
Fruit full medium to large, round, somewhat flattened, regular, handsome; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, with a bronzy blush; Dots numerous, large, gray.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity medium, acute, regular, green; Stem medium to long, knobbed.
Core rather small, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, large, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good; Uses table and kitchen; Season September.
=Gloucester White.=
This Virginia apple was highly prized by Coxe for its qualities as a cider fruit. Not having seen it, his description is quoted:
"This apple is of middling size, of a shape not very uniform, varying from oblong to flat; the color when ripe is a bright yellow, with clouds of black spots; the flesh is yellow, rich, breaking, and juicy; of a fine flavor as a table apple, and producing cider of an exquisite taste. The stalk is of the ordinary length, inserted in a cavity of medium depth; the crown is moderately deep. The time of ripening is about the first of October, after which the fruit soon falls and is fit for cider. It does not keep long, but while in season is a delicious table apple. The tree is very thrifty, hardy and vigorous, of a regular and beautiful form, and very productive. It is much cultivated in the lower counties of Virginia, from whence I procured it, as an apple of high reputation."
=Horse.=
Another southern favorite, much liked by its western cultivators, especially as a useful family apple.
Fruit large, round, somewhat conical, truncated, uneven; Surface yellow; Dots scattered, indented, large, gray and greenish.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core large, somewhat open, clasping; Seeds numerous, medium, plump, brown; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen, market and drying; Season, August, September.
=Hunge.=
This southern apple was received from Mr. S.W. Westbrooke, Greensboro', North Carolina.
Fruit large, round, somewhat flattened, regular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, blushed; Dots scattered, white.
Basin regular, abrupt; Eye small, closed, very long; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem short, slender.
Core large, wide, irregular, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, plump; Flesh white, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, mild; Quality pretty good; Use, table, kitchen, drying; Season, September.
=Knickerbocker.=
Specimens from W.S. Carpenter, New York.
Fruit above medium, roundish, conic, unequal; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow; Dots numerous, minute, distinct, whitish, indented.
Basin abrupt, wavy, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem long, slender, green.
Core very wide, closed, clasping the eye; Axis short; Seeds angular, pale; Flesh greenish-yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich, very agreeable; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, October.
=Long Island Pippin.=
Origin unknown. Specimens received from T.T. Lyon, Plymouth, Michigan.
Fruit large, roundish, flattened, regular; Surface smooth yellowish-green; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin abrupt, deep, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium, regular, green; Stem medium to long.
Core large, oval, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed, angular, pale; Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality almost best; Use, table; Season, January.
=Lowell.=
TALLOW PIPPIN, QUEEN ANNE, &C.
Origin unknown.
Tree vigorous, healthy, round-headed; Foliage yellowish green.
Fruit large, round, slightly conic, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, waxy yellow, not blushed or bronzed, becoming greasy when kept indoors; Dots numerous, green.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium, regular, green; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, oval, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, pointed, pale; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality very good; Use, table, cooking, drying, market; Season, August, September.
=McAdow's June.=--[Local Name.]
Specimens received from Chillicothe, Ohio. Thought at one time to be Tetofski, but the descriptions do not correspond.
Fruit medium to small, globular, slightly conical, regular; Surface smooth, greenish, yellow, blushed; Dots numerous, large, white.
Basin medium, wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity rather wide, regular; Stern long, stout.
Core small, round, closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, brown; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Use, kitchen, table; Quality good; Season, June, July; one of the earliest.
Pomologists have been in doubt whether this may not be the Tetofski. Comparison should be made of the tree characters.
=Michigan Golden.=
This beautiful apple was received from the accurate pomologist, T.T. Lyon, of Plymouth.
Fruit large, globular, slightly conic, truncated and somewhat angular; Surface smooth, becoming greasy, greenish yellow; Dots minute, prominent.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem long, inclined.
Core medium, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, long, pointed; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality nearly best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, September to November.
=Monmouth Pippin.=
RED CHEEK.
Fruit rather large, handsome, roundish or flattened, regular; Surface smooth, greenish yellow, blushed and marbled; Dots minute, green.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, regular or wavy, brown; Stem short, thick.
Core medium, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed, brown; Flesh white, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality good for cooking only; Season, December to February.
=Newtown Pippin.=
GREEN NEWTOWN.
This is probably the original Newtown Pippin, but by no means the more common, which is the _Yellow Newtown Pippin_, to be described in another place.
Fruit medium to large, globular, flattened, sometimes obscurely ribbed; Surface smooth, green, becoming yellowish green when fully ripe, sometimes bronzy, and always showing white irregular striæ near the base when first gathered; Dots scattered, minute, dark.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core round, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds pointed, plump, dark; Flesh greenish white, crisp, tender, juicy; Flavor acid, aromatic, rich, very agreeable; Quality best; Use, dessert, cooking; Season, December to March.
=Roman Stem.=
Origin Burlington, New Jersey. Tree moderately vigorous, very productive.
Fruit medium, globular, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, often blushed; Dots minute, dark.
Basin shallow, regular, or wavy, russet; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, lipped; Stem long.
Core rather large, heart-shaped, regular, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellowish white, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, rich; Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season, December, January.
=Royal Pearmain.=
We have two different apples bearing this name, both very promising and desirable sorts. I shall, in this place, attempt to describe the one mentioned by Coxe, as my specimens are traced back to his nursery, though coming to the West by way of Georgia.
Fruit full medium to large, globular, rather flattened, regular; Surface not smooth, of a rich yellow, finely blushed, with carmine more or less diffused over the fruit, and overspread with a very thin russet; Dots medium, prominent, brown.
Basin medium, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, brown; Stem medium to long.
Flesh rich yellow, firm, juicy; Flavor acid, sprightly; Quality very good; Use, table; Season, October to February.
=Virginia Quaker.=
This very fine little apple was obtained from H.N. Gillett, Lawrence County, Ohio. Origin not known.
Fruit quite small, globular, flattened, slightly conic, regular; Surface smooth, greenish yellow; Dots scattered, minute, black.
Basin shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide; Stem medium.
Core ovate, closed; Seeds medium; Flesh yellowish white, firm, breaking; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good, Mr. Gillett says, best; Season, mid-summer.
=Voss' Winter.=
Southern. The specimens were obtained from Mr. Westbrooke, of North Carolina.
Fruit medium to large, globular, unequal; Surface smooth, white, with leather-cracking, and a heavy bloom; Dots minute, irregular, brown.
Basin abrupt, deep, wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, wavy, brown; Stem long, curved.
Core small, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds irregular; Flesh whitish yellow, firm, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, December.
=White Pippin.=--[Of Kentucky.]
Fruit large, globular, somewhat oblate, regular; Surface smooth, green, becoming pale yellow, sometimes faintly blushed; Dots numerous, white, rather large.
Basin small, abrupt, regular; Eye very small, long, slender, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, green; Stem medium, regular, knobby.
Core round, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, long, pointed, angular, brown; Flesh white, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality good; Use, market and kitchen; Season, December, January.
=Wilson.=--[Of Michigan.]
Fruit large, round, slightly conic, regular; Surface smooth, golden yellow; Dots scattered, dark.
Basin small, folded; Eye long, closed.
Cavity wide, very deep, wavy, green; Stem medium or short, crooked.
Core small, globular, open, clasping; Axis short; Seeds numerous, plump, short; Flesh very yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality best; Use, the dessert; Season, January and February.
=Yellow Ingestrie.=
This old English variety has been propagated pretty extensively in the Northwest, and though too small for a profitable market fruit, it has been found desirable on account of its early and abundant productiveness.
Fruit small, globular, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, lemon yellow; Dots minute.
Basin wide, shallow, folded; Eye medium, open; Segments reflexed.
Cavity acute, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, oval, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds few, large, pale; Flesh whitish yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality barely good; Use, cooking; Season, September, October.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION II.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION II.--STRIPED.
=American Summer Pearmain.=
This delicious apple is supposed to be of American origin. It is essentially a fruit for the amateur; being of slender and slow growth in the nursery, it is not a favorite with the propagators, and though making a large and productive tree in the orchard, it is not profitable as a market variety.
Fruit medium, variable in form, being oblong, round, conic and even oblate, regular or unequal; Surface smooth, greenish yellow, more or less covered with dull purplish red, marbled, and made up of very short splashes, with distinct stripes and splashes of brighter red; Dots minute.
Basin medium, regular; Eye rather large, nearly closed; Segments recurved.
Cavity rather deep, acute, regular; Stem medium to long.
Core small, roundish, closed; Seeds small, pointed; Flesh yellow, exceedingly tender, almost melting, crisp, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very mild sub-acid, aromatic, deliciously refreshing; Quality best; Use, the dessert; Season, August and September.
=Baccalinus.=
Fruited by J.H. Crain, Pulaski County, Illinois, on trees nine years old, which produced ten bushels apiece, showing its productiveness.
This valuable Southern keeper bids fair to become a great favorite.
Tree thrifty, very productive; Fruit small, globular, truncated, regular, handsome; Surface smooth, mixed bright red, and splashed crimson on pale yellow; Dots few, minute.
Basin shallow, wide, regular; Eye small but long, closed; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity deep, regular, brown; Stem medium to long, slender.
Core medium, regular, closed, or slightly open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, dark; Flesh yellow, firm, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, agreeable; Use, dessert; Season, December till March or longer; Quality very good.
=Beauty of Kent.=
A large English apple, well adapted to the kitchen. Tree upright, vigorous, rather productive.
Fruit large to very large, roundish, flattened, somewhat conic, regular; Surface greenish yellow, more or less covered with bright red mixed, and splashed with a darker hue; Dots small.
Basin quite shallow, regular; Eye very small closed.
Cavity medium, acute, wavy, green; Stem medium to short.
Core regular, medium, ovate, slightly open, clasping the eye; Seeds angular, imperfect; Flesh whitish yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality only good; Use, cooking and market, for which it is well adapted by its size and appearance; Season, September and October.
=Ben Davis.=
NEW YORK PIPPIN, &C.
This handsome Southern apple has attained a wonderful notoriety within a few years, and its culture has been greatly extended, not on account of its superlative excellence, but because of its many good qualities as an orchard tree or market fruit. It was long cultivated by Verry Aldrich, in Bureau County, Illinois, and exhibited as _New York Pippin_, which name gave an idea of its eastern origin, but in other localities its relations point clearly to its source in the South. To Mr. J.S. Downer we are indebted for a knowledge of its present name, and for confirmation of its identity under its several synonyms. This apple may be said to have succeeded as well in the northern parts of Indiana and Illinois as in their southern borders, where it has long been planted; though the northern orchards are still young, they are very promising. The fruit is modified somewhat by a cooler climate, and will keep later than that grown in the South.
Tree remarkably healthy and vigorous, an upright, rapid grower in the nursery, and has numerous short spur-branches along the stem. In the orchard the limbs are set very strongly, and the stems are marked by little mammillar projections or knobs, that are very characteristic. Tree large, spreading, productive, bears early; Shoots long, reddish brown, smooth; Foliage large, dark green.
Fruit large, variable in form, round, often apparently oblong, tapering to the eye, truncated, regular, sometimes inclined, generally very true, as though turned in a lathe; Surface smooth, often polished, yellow covered with mixed red, splashed bright red; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin generally shallow, in large developed specimens deep, abrupt, always regular; Eye large, open; Segments reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core medium, regular, clasping the eye; Seeds large, plump; Flesh whitish, breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, not rich; Quality only good; Use, market, kitchen; Season, December, January and longer.
=Blackburn.=
Found in the markets at Louisville, Kentucky; not much seen elsewhere. Origin unknown, probably Southern.
Fruit large, round, somewhat flattened; Surface dull looking, dull green and gray, with broken stripes of dark dull red; Dots large, gray about the apex.
Basin narrow, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity rather deep, acute, brown; Stem medium, curved, rather stout.
Core flattened, open, clasping; Flesh white, crisp, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, with a peculiar spicy, wild, rather astringent taste, that diminishes with the maturity of the fruit; Quality considered good; Use, family and market; Season September, November. _Blackburn_ is sometimes used as a synonym of _Fall Queen_, a different fruit.
=Capital.=
A seedling of Z.S. Ragan, Clayton, Indiana.
Fruit small, globular, truncate at the ends, regular; Surface smooth, deep red on greenish yellow; Stripes and Dots indistinct.
Basin wide, deep; Eye medium, open, elongated.
Cavity wide, acute, regular; Stem medium.
Core round, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good; Use, the dessert; Season, December and January.
=Carter.=--[Of Massachusetts.]
Specimens from Luke Lincoln, of Leominster, Mass.
Fruit medium, round, flattened, slightly angular; Surface smooth, yellow, mixed and splashed scarlet; Dots rare, minute.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem long.
Core rather large, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds plump and imperfect, pointed; Flesh yellowish white, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good; Use, table; Season, December, January.
=Cary's Summer.=
This is probably an old variety, but it has not been identified. Specimens from C.C. Cary, near Louisville, Kentucky.
Fruit large, round, flattened, regular; Surface smooth, rich yellow, mixed, splashed, carmine; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin wide, wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow, wavy brown; Stem short.
Core medium, roundish, regular, open; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality very good; Use, table, kitchen, market; Season, June to September.
=Cluster Pearmain.=
Introduced by R. Ragan, of Indiana.
Fruit full medium, round, flattened, regular, inclined; Surface yellowish green, mixed and striped light red; Dots large, numerous, gray and yellow; white bloom.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem short.
Core medium, pyriform, nearly closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, dark; Flesh yellowish white, breaking, tender, granular; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season, September, October. A most acceptable substitute for Rambo, as an amateur's fruit.
=Coggeswell.=
Origin near Norwich, Connecticut. Tree vigorous, upright, productive on alternate years.
Fruit large, uniform, fair, beautiful, round, flattened, regular; Surface smooth, striped red on yellow.
Basin shallow, small; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, brown; Stem short.
Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality best; Use, table; Season, December to March.
This fruit has been thought to resemble the Ohio _Nonpareil_, but I think it is different.
=Cropsey's Favorite.=
Originated with D.W. Cropsey, Plainfield, Will County, Illinois.
Fruit full medium, globular, looking oblong, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, mixed, splashed carmine; Dots few.
Basin medium, regular, russet; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, green; Stem short to medium.
Core roundish, heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds medium, angular; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good to very good; Use, table, kitchen; Season, December.
=Daniel.=
This delightful autumn dessert apple is grown in Henry County, Indiana.
Fruit medium to small, round, flattened, regular; Surface smooth, mixed scarlet on yellow, splashed carmine; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Core wide, regular, open; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow, very fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, delicious; Quality best; Use, the dessert; Season, September.
=Dan Pearmain.=
This very beautiful seedling was procured by Reuben Ragan from near the battle-field of Tippecanoe, Indiana, where it was found in a seedling orchard.
Fruit medium to small, round, flattened, regular, fair and handsome; Surface yellow, covered with bright red, mixed, striped and splashed; Dots numerous, large, yellow, prominent.
Basin deep, regular or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, sometimes brown; Stem long, slender, red.
Core small, turbinate, closed; Seeds numerous, small, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking, tender; Flavor very mild sub-acid, rich; Quality almost best; Use, table, kitchen, market; on older trees too small for profit; Season, December to March.
=Day.=
ROYAL PIPPIN.
From Reuben Ragan. Fruit large, round, somewhat conic, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, striped, splashed, mottled, carmine; Dots numerous, gray, large.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, green; Stem medium, clubbed.
Core wide, pyriform, slightly open, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed, angular, dark; Flesh yellowish white, firm, breaking, granular; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen; Season, January. Not destined to take a very high rank.
=Doctor Fulcher.=
A Southern apple of some merit. Originated in Todd County, Kentucky. Tree thrifty, an early and abundant bearer; Shoots slender; Foliage bright green. Received from J.S. Downer, of Elkton, Kentucky.
Fruit medium, globular, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, marbled, splashed carmine; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, wavy, russeted, cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity sometimes wide, wavy, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core large, turbinate, regular open, meeting the eye; Seeds large, plump; Flesh yellow, fine-grained, tender, melting, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good, Downer says "best;" Use, table; Season, December, January.
=Dutch Mignonne.=
REINETTE DOREE--And Several Others in Europe.
A fine large apple from Holland. Tree vigorous, upright, productive.
Fruit large or very large, roundish, flattened, sometimes conical, truncated; Surface rough, yellow, covered with red, splashed with bright red; Dots numerous, prominent, fawn-colored.
Basin wide, abrupt, regular; Eye short, wide, open; Segments short.
Cavity medium, acute, regular; Stem medium to long.
Core small, turbinate, regular, clasping; Seeds few, angular imperfect; Flesh yellowish white, breaking, coarse-grained, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich; Quality good to very good; Use, kitchen, market, drying; Season, September, October.
=Early Pennock.=
SHAKER YELLOW--HOMONY, of the South?
Origin unknown. Tree thrifty, upright, early bearer, productive, not long-lived.
Fruit large, variable in form, being sometimes oval, and conical, averaging roundish-conic, regular, handsome, sometimes inclined in the axis; Surface smooth, yellow, partially covered with mixed and striped scarlet, splashed carmine--often the yellow prevails; Dots numerous, dark.
Basin shallow, plaited or regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, regular, brown; Stem medium or short.
Core long, tapering to both ends, partially open in some, clasping the eye; Seeds large, numerous, plump, dark; Flesh yellow, breaking, rather coarse; Flavor acid; Quality poor; Use, market and kitchen; Season, July and August.
=Fameuse.=
SNOW--CHIMNEY--POMME DE NEIGE.
This is a favorite Northern fruit of great beauty. Origin uncertain--whether Canadian or French. It is greatly valued in the North and Northwest as an early winter apple. Tree vigorous, productive; Shoots red; Foliage dark, abundant.
Fruit medium, round, regular; Surface pale waxen yellow, almost wholly covered deep red, made up of stripes and splashes that are not always traceable in the depth of color--absent where a portion of the apple has been shaded by a leaf; Dots minute.
Basin medium, regular; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem short.
Core medium, heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed, rich brown; Flesh snowy white, very tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, mild, delicately perfumed, not rich; Quality good; Use, dessert, kitchen, market; Season, October to December.
=Farley Red.=
A native of Kentucky, already somewhat extended northward. Tree healthy, moderately thrifty, very productive, making it small.
Fruit small, round or oblong, flattened or truncated at the ends, barrel shaped; Surface dull red stripes on yellow; Dots minute, indented, purplish.
Basin shallow, folded or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium.
Core regular, turbinate, open, clasping the point of the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, angular; Flesh yellowish white, firm, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality only good; Use, Mr. R. Ragan finds it one of his best market fruits; Season, March and April, keeping sound and very salable.
=Glendale.=
Believed to have originated near Glendale, Hamilton County, Ohio, where I obtained it from A.A. Mullet.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, spreading, well formed head, productive.
Fruit large, roundish, somewhat conical; Surface smooth, bright yellow, striped and clouded with bright red; Dots small, russet.
Basin deep, abrupt; Eye small, closed.
Cavity medium, wavy, green; Stem long.
Core open; Seeds numerous, medium; Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy; Flavor very mild sub-acid, almost saccharine, rich; Quality good; Use, table; Season, September, October.
=Hagloe.=
This foreign variety has the general aspect of a Russian apple both in tree and fruit.
Excellent for cooking, highly esteemed by the market gardeners of New Jersey, where it is much grown.
Tree healthy, vigorous, round headed, productive; Shoots stout, blunt; Foliage large, light green.
Fruit medium to large, round, somewhat flattened; Surface pale yellow, distinctly striped and splashed bright red or carmine, covered with white bloom.
Basin small, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem short, thick.
Flesh whitish, not fine-grained, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen and market only; Season, August.
=Hannah.=
AUNT'S, not AUNT HANNAH of Massachusetts.
This large and rather handsome fruit is found in many parts of the country, but is not largely cultivated. Its occurrence among Southern emigrants would lead us to suspect that they might have brought it with them.
Fruit large, showy, round, somewhat flattened, regular, sometimes unequal; Surface rather smooth, pale yellow, mixed, distinctly striped and splashed crimson and carmine; Dots scattered, large, gray.
Basin medium, abrupt, regular, often slightly russeted; Eye medium but long, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, acute, deep, brown or green; Stem short to very short.
Core round, flattened or wide, regular, open; Axis very short; Seeds numerous, short, plump; Flesh light, yellowish white, breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, peculiar, not agreeable to some palates; Quality only good; Use, kitchen, market, drying; Season, October to December.
=Herefordshire Pearmain.=
This is supposed to be an old English variety which has reached certain portions of the Western States from the East, though now rarely seen there, as its place has been taken by other _Pearmains_ of American origin and more vigor, such as the _Long Island Pearmain_, described on another page. Tree slender and slow grower, medium size, very productive.
Fruit small to medium, roundish, slightly conic, truncated sharply; Surface smooth, deep red, splashes dark or maroon on rich yellow, which only shows where the fruit has been shaded by a leaf; Dots numerous, small, yellow.
Basin wide, regular, abrupt; Eye medium, open, reflexed.
Cavity medium, regular or wavy, green; Stem mostly short, stout, sometimes quite thick.
Core wide, turbinate, closed, regular, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, small, pointed, dark, some imperfect; Flesh deep yellow, firm, breaking, very fine-grained, juicy; Flavor rich, sub-acid, aromatic, vinous, spicy, very agreeable; Quality best; Use, dessert; Season, December to February.
Especially adapted to amateur collections.
=Hewes' Crab.=
From Virginia. A famous cider apple, found in all extensive and good cider orchards. Tree of slender growth, but makes a large, spreading top, immensely productive alternate years, long lived; Twigs slender; Foliage sparse.
Fruit quite small, round, somewhat flattened, regular; Surface mixed, striped, purplish red on yellow; Dots numerous, large, pale or fawn.
Basin shallow; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, regular; Stem long, red.
Core round, regular, open, clasping; Seeds large, pointed; Flesh firm, yellowish and greenish, juicy; Flavor acid, rich; the must is very heavy; Quality best for cider; Season, November to January. Also useful for cooking, except on account of its small size; the rich and piquant acid makes it a particularly desirable ingredient in mince-pies.
In Kentucky there is a variety of this apple known as _Beeler's Crab_, with fruit of similar characters, but the tree is a better grower.
=Hubbardston.=
HUBBARDSTON NONSUCH.
This fine apple originated in Hubbardston, Massachusetts. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive, early bearer, round-leaved, branching. At one time this and the Baldwin were confounded and mixed in some Western collections.
Fruit large, fair, handsome, round, somewhat ovate, tapering both ways from the middle, regular; Surface often uneven, yellow, covered with mixed red and broken stripes, presenting a rich brownish appearance; Dots scattered, gray, prominent.
Basin abrupt, wide, regular, leather-cracked, or russeted, or both; Eye medium or small, open.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem medium or short.
Core large, heart-shaped, regular, sometimes partially open, clasping the eye; Seeds few, pointed; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid, sub-acid, rich; Quality very good; Use, cooking early, table when perfectly ripe; Season, November, December.
=Krowser.=
Origin Berks County, Pennsylvania, where I found it very popular as a productive winter apple for all purposes. Tree vigorous, healthy, large, spreading, and very productive.
Fruit medium to large, round, slightly conic, regular; Surface rather smooth, pale yellow, nearly covered with red, and splashed carmine.
Basin small, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium; Stem short to medium.
Flesh whitish, tender, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, rich, agreeable; Use, a good market fruit; Season, December to March.
=Large Striped Pearmain.=
This choice Western apple is supposed to have originated in Kentucky--possibly further South. It is now to be found in Eastern Ohio, Southern Indiana and Illinois, and in Missouri. Much grown in Kentucky. In all places it seems to be doing well, and giving entire satisfaction, excepting that the bark bursts near the ground even in bearing trees, root-grafted.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, spreading, productive; Shoots rather slender, dark; Foliage dark green, abundant on young trees.
Fruit large, round, flattened, regular, fair, handsome, though not so beautifully colored as some others; Surface smooth, mixed, splashed and striped, pale purplish red on yellow, which shows through the shading; Dots minute, indented, gray, so that the fruit has a general gray appearance.
Basin medium, regular, sometimes cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, rather deep, brown; Stem short, medium, or rather long.
Core roundish, medium, regular, open; Seeds numerous, large, angular, some imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, somewhat coarse-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality quite good; Use, market, kitchen, table; Season, December to February.
In the West it is more flattened than in Ohio, becoming in large specimens almost a flat or oblate apple. Highly recommended for commercial orchards, whether for shipping North or South--particularly the latter.
=Lewis.=
This delicious apple originated in Decatur County, Indiana, near Greensburgh, and was introduced to my notice by one of the early pomologists of the region, a nurseryman by the name of Lewis, from whom I obtained my trees after he had introduced me to the original, which I found to be vigorous, healthy, upright, spreading and productive.
The fruit was described in the _Western Horticultural Review_ for 1852, before I was aware that my friend Reuben Ragan had an apple of the same name; nevertheless, this, by priority of publication, will stand, unless there should prove to be another Lewis that can claim seniority of publication. I distinguish the other apple by calling it Lewis of Ragan; it is in another class.--[See Downing, p. 164.]
Fruit medium to large, round, somewhat ovate, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, striped and marbled scarlet; Dots scattered, gray and yellow.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, deep, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core regular, oval, heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, brown; Flesh yellow, very tender, crisp, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich, delicious; Quality best; Use, table and kitchen; Season, August. Marked in my notes "One of the very best of the new apples."
=Liberty.=
This valuable market variety originated near Columbus, Ohio, where it was brought into notice by M.B. Bateham, the excellent Secretary of the Ohio Pomological Society, and founder of the Columbus Nurseries.
Tree vigorous, healthy, large, spreading and productive; believed to be entirely hardy.
Fruit full medium to large, globular, inclining to oblong in appearance, turbinated or flattened at the ends, regular; Surface not smooth, yellow, covered with dull red and scarlet, mixed and splashed, stripes indistinct; Dots minute, gray, prominent.
Basin medium, quite shallow, regular, indistinctly leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity medium, acute, wavy; Stem medium, inclined.
Core small, oval, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed; Flesh yellow, breaking, rather coarse, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid; Quality good; Use, market and kitchen or table; Season, January to March, or later.
=Lyscom.=
Origin Massachusetts. This pleasant dessert apple is not generally known.
Fruit large, roundish, flattened, regular; Surface smooth, yellowish, striped and splashed with red.
Basin large, plaited; Eye large.
Cavity deep, regular; Stem short.
Flesh whitish, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, September to November.
=Margil.=
A famous old English dessert apple, rarely seen in this country, but much better adapted for the closing of a feast than many which are more pretentious in style and imposing in size. Certainly much more economical to him who provides even at a higher price per bushel than those which are too large to be eaten, and are only cut to be left on the table and wasted. Tree of slender growth, but very productive.
Fruit quite small, round, somewhat conic, abruptly truncated, regular; Surface smooth, red, mixed and striped; Dots yellow, prominent.
Basin wide, shallow, regular; Eye small, open; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity wide, not deep, regular, brown; Stem long.
Core turbinate, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed, long; Flesh yellow, crisp, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich, aromatic, very agreeable; Quality best; Season, November to January.
=Meach.=
From Vermont; Fruit large, roundish, conic; Skin greenish-yellow, striped and mottled with light red, and sprinkled with brown dots; Stalk long, rather slender, set in a pretty large cavity; Calyx closed in a corrugated basin; Flesh yellowish, rather fine, juicy, rich, mild, sub-acid, aromatic; October and November.--[Downing.]
=McKinley.=
Highly esteemed by Reuben Ragan, of Indiana, who finds it profitable.
Fruit medium, roundish, flattened, slightly conic, regular; Surface, smooth, dull red on greenish-yellow, stripes indistinct; Dots scattered, large, gray.
Basin regular, shallow; Eye large, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem slender, medium to short.
Core medium, ovate, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, brown; Flesh breaking, very fine-grained, very juicy; Flavor sub-acid, good; Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season, December and January.
=Mexico.=
Origin Canterbury, Connecticut. Tree hardy, productive. Not much known in the West.
Fruit--obtained from E. Newburg, Brooklyn, Connecticut--medium, round, regular; Surface bright crimson-red, striped darker; Dots numerous, yellow-green.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem long or medium, slender.
Core large, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, pointed; Flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality best; Use, table; Season, August and September.
=Monk's Favorite.=
This large, showy apple originated in Delaware County, Indiana, and was introduced to the public by Dr. J.C. Helme, of the State Horticultural Society.
It was described in the _Western Horticultural Review_, some years ago, as a promising fruit, and was favorably noticed at the time of its introduction, but has not yet been sufficiently known for general recommendation.
Tree vigorous, upright, spreading, productive.
Fruit large, globular, flattened, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, pretty well covered with stripes and splashes of bright red; Dots medium, ragged, gray, scattering.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, open.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem medium to long, stout.
Core wide, heart-shaped, open, clasping; Seeds pointed; Flesh whitish, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen, table, and promising for market; Season, November to January.
=Neversink.=
Not having had an opportunity of examining this fruit, I quote the _ad interim_ report of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society:
"Origin Berks County, Pennsylvania.
"Fruit large, roundish, exterior of an exceedingly beautiful waxen orange-yellow color, with a few russet dots, and a delicately striped and richly mottled carmine cheek; Stem very short and rather stout, cavity narrow, acuminate, shallow; Calyx large, basin deep, rather wide, furrowed; Flesh yellowish, somewhat tough, owing to the fact of its being shriveled; Flavor approaches to that of a pineapple; Quality very good; December to April."
=Newark King.=
An old apple, supposed to have come from New Jersey; found in the oldest orchards of grafted fruits in Southwestern Ohio, seldom elsewhere in the West that I have seen.
Tree thrifty, upright, spreading, productive; Foliage dark.
Fruit full medium to large, roundish, flattened or truncated conic, mostly regular, sometimes ribbed; Surface not very smooth, rich yellow, nearly covered with dull red mixed, and darker stripes, giving the fruit almost a mahogany color; Dots numerous, gray, elongated at the extremities, and coalescing into russet about the blossom end.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded or plaited, covered with fine russet; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, often lipped; Stem rather long, slender.
Core small, oval, closed, not clasping but meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh rich yellow, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid, rich, sprightly, high-flavored; Quality very good; Use, kitchen, table and cider; Season, December, January, or longer.
=Patton.=
CARTER of Alabama--MANGUM--ALABAMA PEARMAIN of Peters.
This is a great favorite in the South, and deservedly so, on account of its good qualities. Specimens from Dr. Jas. S. Blair, Limestone County, North Alabama, afford me data for the following description. I have preferred the name _Patton_ because of the other _Carters_:
Fruit large, roundish, somewhat flattened; Surface smooth, mixed, marbled and splashed carmine on yellow; Dots scattered, distinct, yellow.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded; Eye medium, open.
Cavity deep, acute; Stem long to medium, inclined, red.
Core small, regular, closed, half clasping; Seeds plump and imperfect; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid, agreeable; Quality good; Season, November to January.
=Pomme Water.=
An apple by this name is found in Northern Illinois; little is known of its origin or history.
Fruit full medium, globular truncate, slightly conic, regular; Surface mixed, splashed scarlet on yellow; Dots minute, numerous, brown.
Basin wavy, medium; Eye large, closed.
Cavity medium, regular; Stem short, thick, green.
Core medium, round, closed, scarcely meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season, September and October.
Specimens obtained from Henry Kimball, of Rockford, Winnebago County, Illinois.
=Ragan's Red.=
Origin Putnam County, Indiana, by R. Ragan. Tree vigorous, productive.
Fruit large, round, slightly conic, regular; Surface smooth, bright red, splashed darker; Dots numerous, small.
Basin abrupt, deep, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem long.
Core small, pyriform, regular, nearly closed; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine grained; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good; Use, table and market; Season, October and November.
=Ribston Pippin.=
This famous English apple does not seem to have many admirers among our orchardists, but on some accounts it merits a place in the amateur's collection.
Tree productive, early bearer.
Fruit medium to large, round, truncated, regular; Surface rough, splashed and mixed dull red on yellow; Dots numerous, minute, prominent, russet.
Basin abrupt, plaited or regular, russeted; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wide, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core regular, closed; Seeds numerous, angular, imperfect; Flesh yellow, crisp, firm, juicy; Flavor acid, rich, aromatic; Use, kitchen--scarcely for table; Season, October and later, but apt to wilt.
=Sigler's Red.=
This very handsome apple, from near McConnellsville, Morgan County, Ohio, was shown before the Ohio Pomological Society, at different times, by Jos. Sigler, for whom it was named, because it was not identified as any known variety.
Fruit medium, globular, slightly flattened, regular; Surface smooth, mixed and splashed bright red; Dots minute, rare.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy; Stem short to medium, knobby.
Core wide, indistinct, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds pointed, plump; Flesh yellow, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality almost best; Use, table; Season, September.
A beautiful dessert fruit. Elliott gives it as synonym to _Autumn Pearmain_.
=Small Black.=
BLACK APPLE of Coxe and Downing--AMERICAN BLACK.
This useful little apple is found in many collections where the _Jersey Black_ is cultivated, but it seems to be quite distinct. Origin unknown.
Fruit medium to small, globular, sometimes nearly oblate, regular; Surface smooth, deep red, sometimes purplish, striping indistinct; Dots numerous, indented, minute, pink or purple.
Basin shallow, abrupt, regular or folded; Eye small to medium, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity acute, sometimes lipped, brown; Stem long, inclined, red or green.
Core regular, round, slightly open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, plump and angular; Flesh yellowish, often pink, tender, fine grained; Flavor sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good; Use, dessert; Season, November to January.
=Smith's.=
SMITH'S CIDER.
Origin Bucks County, Pennsylvania, where it still continues a favorite variety. Its cultivation has extended widely to the westward, giving great satisfaction as a market fruit, for culinary purposes, but cannot be recommended for table.
Tree vigorous, hardy, productive, an early bearer; Limbs straggling, shoots rather slender, light olive; Foliage large, light green.
Fruit medium to large, round, varying from flattened to elongated, mostly regular, sometimes lop-sided; Surface smooth, pale yellow, covered with mixed light red, splashed indistinctly with bright carmine, beautiful; Dots distinct, rather large, light gray.
Basin shallow, wide, or more often plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, brown; Stem medium to long, variable.
Core wide, pyriform, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, pointed; Flesh white, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid, sub-acid, aromatic, not rich, peculiar, not agreeable; Quality good for cooking only, making very fine apple sauce--makes much cider, but thin and watery; Season, December, January and later.
This is essentially a market fruit, and is one of the most profitable apples planted in Southwestern Ohio and adjacent counties of Indiana.
=Sops of Wine.=
European. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive.
Fruit small to medium, round, slightly conic, regular; Surface smooth, mixed red, shaded dark red throughout; Dots small, scattered, yellow.
Basin shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity medium, wavy, somewhat browned; Stem long, red.
Core distinctly marked with a red line, wide, oval, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed, brown; Flesh yellow, fine grained, tender, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good to very good; Use, dessert; Season, August and September.
=Summer Janet.=
Specimens received from Mr. Johnson, Louisville, Ky.
Fruit medium, round, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, pale yellow, mixed red, striped darker red; Dots scattered, gray.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye small, open.
Cavity shallow, regular, yellow; Stem medium to long, green.
Core pyriform, indistinct, closed, clasping; Seeds pointed, imperfect; Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good; Use, market; Season, September.
=Summer Rose.=
Origin New Jersey. Tree vigorous, healthy, spreading, productive, early bearer; Shoots stout; Foliage large, glaucous.
Fruit small, roundish, flattened, regular; Surface smooth polished, very pale yellow, striped and splashed distinctly bright red and carmine; Dots minute.
Basin abrupt, wide, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem medium.
Core large, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, short, plump; Flesh white, crisp, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, agreeable, not rich; Quality, one of the best early apples; Use, family, table and kitchen; Season, June to August--ripening gradually.
=Sutton Beauty.=
An old Massachusetts apple, occasionally found in the West, where it attains increased size and beauty. My specimens were from W. Hampton, with many other sorts of interest grown by him in Northwestern Ohio.
Fruit large, handsome, globular, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, mottled and splashed carmine; Dots scattered, brown, vein-reflexed.
Basin wide, regular, russety; Eye large, open; Segments reflexed.
Cavity wide, acute, wavy, brown; Stem long, inclined.
Core medium to large, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed, angular, dark; Flesh whitish, tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid, sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good; Use, table, kitchen and market; Season, December to March.
Thought by Mr. Hampton to be a seedling brought from Southern Ohio.
=Sylvester.=
Introduced by Dr. Ware Sylvester, of Lyons, New York.
Fruit small to medium, round, regular; Surface smooth, white, blushed and striped bright carmine; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin very shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem medium.
Core indistinct, slightly open; Seeds numerous, plump, angular, long; Flesh white, tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality very good; Use, table and cooking; Season, September.
=Williams' Favorite.=
WILLIAMS' EARLY.
Origin Roxbury, Massachusetts.
Fruit small to medium, round, regular; Surface smooth, dark purplish red, indistinctly striped; Dots none.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, shallow; Stem long, slender.
Core large, round, closed; Seeds pointed, brown; Flesh whitish-yellow, streaked red, breaking, not juicy; Flavor sub-acid, peculiar; Quality scarcely good; Season, July and August.
=Willow.=
WILLOW TWIG--JAMES RIVER, ETC.
This Virginia fruit has obtained a wide spread notoriety as a valuable market apple throughout the West.
Tree very vigorous, healthy, productive, branching, twiggy, thorny while young; Shoots slender, olive brown.
Fruit globular, truncated, looking oblong from its cylindrical sides; Surface smooth, dull greenish-yellow, marbled and striped dull red; Dots minute, gray.
Basin wide, abrupt, plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide or acute, regular; Stem long, slender, inclined.
Core medium, round, regular, closed, meeting, not clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, brown; Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality only good, but valuable for market and culinary uses; Season, December to April. Excellent for shipping South.
=Wilson's Volunteer.=
Origin believed to be a seedling or "Volunteer" on the banks of the Ohio River. Received from George Sibbald.
Fruit large, globular, truncated or flattened, regular; Surface yellow, mostly covered with mixed red, striped darker; Dots large, gray and yellow.
Basin deep, regular, leather-cracked; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core small, round, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed; Flesh greenish-yellow, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality only good; Use, kitchen; Season, December to February.
=Wright's Janet.=
This fine keeping apple, received from N.J. Colman and other zealous pomologists of St. Louis, Missouri, is supposed to have originated in that region with Mr. W.G. Wright.
Fruit medium to large, round, sometimes flat, regular; Surface smooth, waxen yellow, mixed, striped and splashed carmine; Dots minute, prominent, scattering.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, acute, closed.
Cavity deep, wavy, brown; Stem long, short, or very short.
Core medium, regular, somewhat open, clasping; Seeds numerous, small, plump; Flesh deep yellow, breaking, very fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich, very agreeable; Quality good to very good; Use, table, kitchen and market; Season, January to June and keeps until August.
=Yadkin.=
Southern. Received from S.W. Westbrooke, of Greensboro', North Carolina.
Fruit large, round, regular; Surface red, striped dark red; Dots large, scattered, distinct, gray.
Basin abrupt, deep, regular; Eye small, open.
Cavity acute, regular, brown; Stem medium, brown.
Core small, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds small, pointed, brown; Flesh white, breaking, dry; Flavor sub-acid; Quality only good; Season, August--and on that account scarcely worth carrying to the North.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Beeler's Russet.=
Origin not known. Found in an old orchard on the banks of White River, in Marion County, Indiana, by my lamented young friend, Geo. M. Beeler.
Fruit medium to small, round, truncated or cylindrical, inclined; Surface russeted; Dots minute, prominent.
Basin abrupt, uneven, green; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity regular; Stem long.
Core large, wide, heart-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh yellow, crisp, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid to acid, aromatic, spicy, very agreeable; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, November, December.
A choice dessert apple.
=Columbian Russet.=
The origin of this fine, long-keeping russet is not known. Specimens were received from H.N. Gillett, Lawrence County, Ohio. If the tree be healthy and productive, this variety will be a valuable addition to our orchards.
Fruit medium to small, round, truncated, lop-sided; Surface smooth, russeted; Dots minute, scattered, prominent.
Basin medium, regular; Eye large, open.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem, long, slender.
Core medium, closed, pyriform, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, slender, angular, dark; Flesh very yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich, aromatic; Quality best; Use, table; Season, February to April.
Very like the _Golden Pearmain_, from J.S. Downer, which see; they may prove to be the same variety.
=Court of Wyck.=
This spicy English apple, which has so many synonyms as evidences of its popularity, has not been a favorite in this country, but occasionally succeeds well; it has little to recommend it in its looks.
Fruit very small, round, truncated abruptly, much flattened, regular; Surface yellow, covered russet.
Basin wide, very shallow; Eye small, open; Segments reflexed.
Cavity rather wide; Stem long, slender.
Core small, ovate, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, large, brown; Flesh rich yellow, firm, juicy; Flavor acid, aromatic, rich, spicy, sharp; Quality good in its way; Use, "dessert;" Season, December, January.
=Crownest.=
Originated at Kelley's Island, Ohio, in the orchard of Chas. Carpenter.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, brushy, productive.
Fruit full medium, round, truncated or flattened, often unequal and inclined; Surface greenish yellow, thinly covered with russet.
Basin regular, wide; Eye large, open.
Cavity irregular, lipped; Stem short, curved, fleshy.
Core round, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds long, pointed, angular; Flesh green, tender, breaking; Flavor sub-acid; Quality only good for culinary uses; Season, November to January.
=English Golden.=
RUSSET GOLDEN, of Barry.
Among the russets there has been much confusion, which it is very difficult to clear up. The apple about to be described came to the West from the nurseries about Rochester; a very superior variety to many others that resemble it, and may be distinguished by the palate, or by the character of the twigs.
Tree thrifty, vigorous, spreading, productive, a rather early bearer; Shoots slender, olive, speckled.
Fruit medium, round, large ones are oblate, often cylindrical, sometimes inclined, regular; Surface greenish yellow, covered with thick russet; Dots minute, white, scattered.
Basin regular, deep, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, rough; Stem short.
Core wide, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds small, flat; Flesh greenish yellow, breaking, granular, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good to best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, January, February.
A choice dessert fruit. Succeeds well in parts of Kentucky.
=English Russet.=
Origin unknown. Procured from Mr. C.C. Cary, near Louisville, Kentucky.
Fruit large, globular, flattened, somewhat one-sided; Surface uneven, green; Dots minute, russety and russet streaks.
Basin medium, uneven; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, russeted; Stem medium, green.
Core medium, heart-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump and angular, some imperfect; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen; Season, December, January.
=Golden Pearmain.=--[Of Kentucky.]
This is another very promising Southern variety, received from J.S. Downer, of Kentucky; Origin unknown; he procured it from Tennessee.
Tree vigorous, but tardy and shy in bearing; Shoots stout, dark; Foliage medium.
Fruit small to medium, globular, rather conical, truncated, lop-sided; Surface yellow, blushed and russeted.
Basin abrupt, wide, regular; Eye large, open.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem short to medium, slender.
Core somewhat open, meeting the eye; Seeds plump and imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained; Flavor acid, aromatic, sprightly; Quality very good, almost best; Use, dessert; Season, December, February.--See _Columbian Russet_.
=Green Russet.=--[N.C.]
Specimens from Reuben Ragan.
Fruit quite large, globular, slightly oblate, regular; Surface yellow, blushed dull red; Dots green, indented, russet veined.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, open.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium, thick.
Core regular, wide, closed, clasping; Axis short; Seeds numerous, plump, dark; Flesh yellowish white, breaking, granular; Flavor sub-acid; Quality only good, for culinary use; Season, December, January.
=Hampton's Russet.=
Fruit small, globular-truncate, to flat; Surface yellow russet, bronzed, broken russet stripes; Dots scattered, large, yellow.
Basin wide, regular; Eye large, open, green.
Cavity medium, regular, brown; Stem long, inclined.
Core medium, round, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed, brown; Flesh yellow, tender, breaking, fine-grained; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good; Use, table; Season, December.
=Knox Russet.=
A very nice little apple, found in the orchard of J. Knox, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; trees obtained from near Greensburgh, Pennsylvania. Tree spreading, very productive; Shoots slender.
Fruit small to medium, globular, somewhat conic, regular; Surface smooth, yellow green, blushed, covered with light russet.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye medium, open; Segments reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem long, red.
Core round, regular, slightly open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, short, plump; Flesh yellow, very fine-grained; Flavor mild sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use, dessert; Season, December, January.
=Pryor's Red.=
This southern apple, probably from Virginia, has been carried through all the Western States, where it is a great favorite, though there are some objectors, on account of its having shown signs of failure in certain situations. The fruit is singularly affected by change of soil and climate; thus, on the Ohio River, it is seen quite flat and regular, with a dull green russeted skin, becoming yellow and ruddy; in one part of the State of Indiana, on limestone, it is gibbous, round, often very large, and covered with a rich cinnamon russet, while on the coal measures, west of the center of the State, it is smaller, regular, and distinctly striped deep red on red, with very little russet. Specimens from Rochester, New York, have been shown with scarcely a trace of russet, and having the stripes as distinct and almost as beautiful as those of a _Duchess of Oldenburgh_, so that no southern or western man would have recognized it for his home favorite. The distinctive _leather-cracking_ about the eye was present, however, in all.
Tree thrifty, growth upright, twiggy, attaining large size, productive when old; Shoots slender, reddish olive, speckled; Foliage scattering, folded, grayish green; Subject to leaf-blight.
Fruit large, globular-oblate, often unequal; Surface greenish, or dull red, striped, russeted; Dots numerous, large, gray.
Basin shallow, regular or plaited, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity shallow, acute, often lipped; Stem medium.
Core round, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, pointed; Flesh yellow, tender, melting, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, December, February.
=Red Russet.=
Origin Hampton Falls, New Hampshire.
Tree very vigorous and productive; resembling Baldwin in almost every particular.
"Fruit large, roundish, conic; Skin yellow, shaded with dull red and deep carmine in the sun, and thickly covered with gray dots, and an appearance of rough russet on most of the surface; Stalk rather short and thick, inserted in a medium cavity, surrounded with thin russet; Calyx nearly closed; Segments long, recurved, in a narrow, uneven basin; Flesh yellow, solid, crisp, tender, with an excellent, rich, sub-acid flavor, somewhat resembling _Baldwin_; Season, January to April."--Downing.
This fruit is rarely seen in the West. It has been thought by some to have originated as a sport from the Baldwin.
=Rolen's Keeper.=
Received from H.N. Gillett, Lawrence County, Ohio. Origin not given.
Fruit medium, round, regular; Surface rough, splashed red on russet; Dots scattered, small, white.
Basin shallow, regular, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core roundish-ovate, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds very numerous, short, plump; Flesh greenish yellow, fine-grained; Flavor acid, rich; Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season, March, April.
Very promising as a keeper.
=Rustycoat Milam.=
Fruit medium, globular, conic, regular; Surface russeted; Dots minute, prominent.
Basin narrow, abrupt, shallow; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem medium to long.
Core medium, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed, plump; Flesh greenish yellow, breaking, fine-grained, tender; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good; Use, table; Season, December to February.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED OR BLUSHED.
=Mote's Sweet.=
This seedling from the _Stillwater Sweet_, grown by L.S. Mote, of Miami County, Ohio, is quite an improvement upon its parent, which has obtained a high reputation as a choice autumnal sweet apple. Tree round, spreading, vigorous; Shoots pale; Foliage large, wide, finely serrated, and rather pale.
Fruit large, globular, somewhat flattened, or conic-truncated, rather angular; Surface very smooth, greenish yellow to whitish, with a rare faint blush; Dots scattered, gray, often rosy, whitish bases.
Basin medium, abrupt, wavy; Eye medium, long, closed.
Cavity deep, wide, wavy; Stem long, yellow, curved.
Core medium, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, pale; Flesh yellow, very fine-grained, almost melting, juicy; Flavor very sweet, pleasant; Use, table and kitchen; Quality best; Season, September. One of the most delicious sweet apples.
=Northern Sweet.=
Origin unknown; supposed to be Vermont. Tree sufficiently healthy and productive. Not generally nor extensively cultivated.
Fruit large, globular, somewhat flattened, angular or regular; Surface smooth, very pale yellow, rarely blushed; Dots minute, with white bases.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye long, closed.
Cavity rather wide, regular, green; Stem medium.
Core very small, closed, almost clasping; Seeds numerous, short; Flesh whitish, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality pretty good; Use, baking; Season, September, in Northern Indiana and Illinois. Downing says "rich and excellent; September and October."
=Swaar.=
Origin on the banks of the Hudson, in New York State. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; Shoots stout, dark colored; Foliage large, curled.
Fruit large, form variable, being sometimes flat, where unusually developed, generally roundish, somewhat flattened, more or less angular or flattened on the sides, but not ribbed; Surface not smooth, often rough, greenish yellow, bronzed, becoming a dead golden yellow when ripe; Dots large, numerous.
Basin medium, wide, regular; Eye small, not long, closed.
Cavity wide, regular or wavy, green; Stem long, curved, pretty stout.
Core medium, regular, heart-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, pale; Flesh very heavy, yellow, fine-grained; Flavor very mild sub-acid, or sweet, very rich; Quality best; Use, table and kitchen; Season, March.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Bailey Sweet.=
From Wyoming County, New York. Tree vigorous, productive.
Fruit large, round, sometimes flattened, sometimes angular or ribbed; Surface smooth, mottled, mixed and striped deep red; Dots numerous, large, gray.
Basin narrow, abrupt, regular or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity regular, acute green; Stem long.
Core rather large, turbinate, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, dark; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet, rich; Quality good to very good; Use, kitchen, table; Season, October.
A very valuable variety also for stock.
=Brittle Sweet.=
"Origin unknown; good grower, and very productive.
"Fruit above medium, roundish, approaching conic, sometimes elongated, angular; Skin greenish yellow, shaded and splashed with crimson, sprinkled with gray dots; Stem short, inserted in a broad, shallow cavity; Calyx closed, set in a small corrugated basin; Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, sweet, and excellent; Season, September, October."--Downing.
=Hull Blossom.=
This is an Eastern or European variety, which I have not seen in the West. Specimens from Massachusetts.
Fruit small, roundish-truncate, or flattened, uneven; Surface smooth, yellow, mixed and striped, carmine; Dots large, yellow.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, wavy; Stem short.
Core small, closed, roundish, meeting the eye; Seeds large, pale; Flesh yellow, fine-grained; Flavor sweet; Quality good to very good; Use, table, kitchen; Season, November.
=Sweet Pearmain.=
"This variety, according to Downing and Thomas, is the _English Sweeting_; but, according to Manning, the English Sweeting is the _Ramsdell's Sweeting_ of Downing. This fruit is extensively grown in Central Ohio, and further West, suiting well the rich soils; keeping finely all winter; highly valued for baking or eating."
"Fruit medium size or often above; Form roundish, slightly angular; Color dull red, rough russet dots, and blueish bloom; Stem long, slender; Cavity deep, wide, open; Calyx woolly; Basin medium; Flesh yellowish, tender, moderately juicy, sweet; Core medium, with outer or concentric lines; Seeds ovate, pyriform, dark brown; Season, December to March."--Elliott.
I am not familiar with the above, but find a very strong resemblance in the characters to those of my _Red Winter Pearmain_, Class II, I, 2, 2, from which, however, Elliott's outline would exclude it.
=Willis Sweet.=
This apple is supposed to have originated on Long Island, where it is highly valued for baking.
Tree vigorous, productive; Fruit medium, round, somewhat angular, striped red, very sweet and rich; Use, baking and stock.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
NONE.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=American Golden Pippin.=
GOLDEN PIPPIN, of Downing.--NEW YORK GREENING, &C.
Having mislaid my notes of this apple, I am obliged to quote Mr. Downing's description of this fine fruit, which is believed to be American; cultivated in parts of New York, and found to be profitable.
"Growth strong, similar to that of Rhode Island Greening, but less drooping, making a round, spreading head; does not bear young, but very productive when a little advanced, and a popular fruit where known."
"Form variable, oblate, globular or conic, angular or ribbed; Stem stout, short, inserted in a deep cavity; Calyx closed, set in an irregular basin; Skin fine golden yellow, thinly sprinkled with dots, sometimes slightly netted with thin russet; Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, nearly melting, with a rich, refreshing, almost vinous, aromatic flavor; Core rather large; November to February."
=Brooke's Pippin.=
"Origin, Essex County, Virginia. The original tree is very large, bears regular and large crops of fruit, which is always fair, of the largest size, keeps well till May; Flesh fine, yellow, juicy and rich, and of the finest flavor; young trees grow very thriftily."--[H.R. Robey, Fredericksburgh, Va.]
Fruit large, roundish, inclining to conical, obscurely ribbed, greenish yellow, faintly blushed.
Basin small, shallow, wavy, sometimes furrowed; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, wavy, brown; Stem short, thick.
Flesh yellow, crisp, juicy, fine-grained; Flavor acid, spicy, rich; Quality very good; Season, November to March.
As grown in Indiana, both tree and fruit resemble the _Newtown Pippin_ in appearance, and may prove identical after further trial.
=Champlain.=--[_Downing._]
PAPER--PAPER-SKIN.
This very delicate fruit was exhibited before the Ohio Pomological Society by A.L. Benedict, of Morrow County, as the _Paper_ apple. He obtained the scions from the celebrated apple region, Grand Isle, Vermont, where it is sometimes called Champlain, and where it had been introduced from Rhode Island, without a name, by his friend Macomber. My friend Benedict informs me that "the growth of the tree is strong and stocky, and that the fruit never scabs nor rots on the tree. It is increasing in esteem as it becomes better known, and is preferred to the _Red Astrachan_, ripening with it. When sent to J.J. Thomas, he thought it synonymous with the _Primate_, but Jos. Newcomber, having both varieties growing side by side, assured me they were quite unlike, and that the _Paper_ was much the better apple of the two."
Tree medium size, vigorous, stocky.
Fruit full medium, globular, rather conical, angular; Surface smooth, yellowish green, slightly blushed; Dots minute, indented.
Basin small, abrupt, folded; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, green; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, round, slightly open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, dark; Flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, delicate; Quality best; Use, the dessert especially; Season, August, September.
=Drap d'Or.=
VRAI DRAP D'OR.--[Dahamel.]
This is an old French variety, respecting which there is some uncertainty among cultivators.
Fruit large, globular, but variable, being conical-truncate to oblate; Surface smooth, pale waxen yellow, rarely blushed.
Basin wide, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem long, inclined, yellow or red, angular.
Core large, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, long; Flesh pale yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to best; Use, market, kitchen, table; Season, August, September.
For the table its place is supplanted by the _Primate_, _Dyer_ and others.
=Dyer, or Pomme Royale.=
POMMEWATER, in Illinois.
Believed to be a French apple, but named Dyer by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, in the belief that it was a seedling of Rhode Island.
Tree of moderate vigor, spreading, not very productive.
Fruit medium to large, globular, uneven, somewhat angular; Surface not smooth, pale yellow, vein-russeted; Dots numerous, minute, dark.
Basin medium, shallow, folded or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, lipped, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core regular, round, open or closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, short; Flesh yellowish, very tender, very fine-grained, very juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich, delicate; Quality best; Use, the dessert; Season, September, October.
Not attractive in appearance, but very fine for the amateur.
=Ewalt.=
Origin Pennsylvania. Introduced by Dr. Brinckle in his _ad-interim_ reports to the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. Mr. Waring considers it a valuable winter apple. Tree vigorous, handsome grower in the nursery; Shoots erect, dark colored; an early, regular bearer.
Fruit large, very handsome, roundish, rather angular; Surface smooth, yellow, with clear bright red in the sun, not striped; Dots numerous about the base, greenish.
Basin medium, narrow, plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium, acute; Stem short.
Flesh tender, fine-grained; Flavor acid, becoming mild, aromatic, sprightly; Quality very good; Season, February to April.
=Golden Ball.=
A favorite Maine apple. Tree vigorous, productive, hardy.
Fruit large, round, ribbed; Surface smooth, greenish yellow; Dots few, distinct, white bases.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity narrow; Stem medium.
Core indistinct, open, clasping; Seeds defective; Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good; Use, table, kitchen, market; Season, December to March in the North.
=Morgan White.=
Origin unknown. Sent from Morgan County, Illinois, by Professor J.B. Turner, of Jacksonville.
Fruit large, globular, somewhat flattened, irregular, ribbed, uneven; Surface smooth, greenish, marked with gray striæ, rarely a faint blush; Dots white, large.
Basin abrupt, ribbed; Eye small but long, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem short to medium.
Core small, very wide, open, clasping; Axis short; Seeds numerous, plump, short; Flesh greenish white, breaking, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good; Use, kitchen and table; Season, September to January.
=Peck's Pleasant.=
This fine fruit is credited to Rhode Island. The tree is healthy, spreading, moderately vigorous, but productive, and a regular bearer. This apple is said to resemble the Newtown Pippin, but I have never been able to trace any resemblance, except that both are green; at any rate there is no danger of the merest tyro in pomology confounding the two varieties. There is, however, a remarkable diversity in the fruit arising from the different soils and climates in which it is cultivated, North and South, and while, like many other varieties, its size is greatly developed, its texture and flavor are depreciated in the migrations southward.
Fruit large, flattened, globular, somewhat angular, or flattened, sometimes having a shallow sulcus or furrow on one side; Surface smooth, yellow or orange, being sometimes faintly blushed; Dots gray, with white bases.
Basin rather shallow and folded; Eye small and open, calycinal segments being short.
Cavity wide, but often lipped, brown; Stem short, very thick, clubbed or knobby.
Core large, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh yellow, tender, breaking, fine-grained; Flavor sub-acid and somewhat aromatic; of first quality in the North; Use, table, kitchen or market; Season, December to January, or later.
=Primate.=
This delicious table apple has strong claims upon our admiration, on account of its good qualities as a dessert fruit, for the extreme delicacy of its skin and flesh render it unfit for market; it is therefore not profitable for the commercial orchard.
Tree thrifty, stocky, vigorous, strongly branched, productive; Shoots stout, short, light olive; Buds prominent, foliage pale green.
Fruit full medium, globular, angular, irregular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, becoming almost white, sometimes faintly blushed; Dots minute.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye small but long, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity acute, wavy, green; Stem medium to long, thick.
Core medium, round, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, long, dark; Flesh greenish-white, very tender, fine-grained; Flavor mild sub-acid, very agreeable; Quality best; Use, the dessert; Season, July and August.
=Progress.=
Not having had the good fortune to study this apple, I quote the description given by Downing:
"A native of Middletown, Connecticut. Tree a moderate grower and forms a handsome head, bears early and very productive.
"Size above medium, rather globular, inclining to conic, sometimes oblate, somewhat angular; Stem short, inserted into a round cavity, surrounded by russet; Calyx large, partially closed, set in a shallow, open basin; Skin smooth, yellow, with a sunny cheek, sometimes a few scattered, gray dots; Flesh solid, tender, crisp, juicy, with a very refreshing, vinous flavor. Ripe October until April."
=Quince.=
COLE'S QUINCE.
This does not appear to be exactly the same as that described by Coxe, and later by Downing. This fruit is not very extensively cultivated. The specimens described are from that precise pomologist T.T. Lyon, of Michigan.
Fruit full medium, globular, angular, ribbed; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, pale.
Basin narrow, folded, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy; Stem medium, yellow.
Core oval, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, plump, brown; Flesh yellowish-white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good for cooking; Season, November to January.
=September.=
This apple is highly esteemed by Mr. W.G. Waring, of Center County, Pennsylvania, where it originated.
Tree hardy and vigorous, a good and regular bearer.
"Fruit large, globular, somewhat depressed, slightly conic, angular; Skin yellow, slightly shaded and thinly sprinkled with brown dots; Stalk short, inserted in a deep, abrupt cavity, surrounded by thin russet; Calyx partially closed, set in an open basin; Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, with a very agreeable sub-acid flavor; October."--[Downing.]
=Sheepnose.=--_of Mears._
This substantial little apple was presented by Wm. E. Mears, a zealous horticulturist of Clermont County, Ohio, where it is considerably cultivated. Origin unknown.
Fruit medium, round, slightly conic, irregular; Surface smooth, greenish yellow, white striæ about the base, like _White Winter Pearmain_, which it resembles in some other respects; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, wavy; Eye long, closed.
Cavity acute, narrow, bronzed; Stem medium, knobbed.
Core roundish oval, irregular, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, dark; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, December to February.
=Summer Pippin.=
A favorite apple about New York--not known extensively. Tree vigorous, forming a beautiful head, a regular and good bearer.
Fruit medium to large, variable in form, sometimes oblong-oval, or inclining to conic, angular and irregular; Skin pale waxen yellow, shaded with a delicate crimson blush, and sprinkled with green and grayish dots; Stalk varies in length and thickness, inserted in a deep, abrupt cavity; Calyx closed, set in a deep, abrupt, corrugated basin; Flesh white, tender, moderately juicy, with a pleasant, refreshing sub-acid flavor; Valuable for culinary uses; Ripens in August and continues a month or more.--[Downing.]
=Transport.=
Another of Reuben Ragan's Indiana seedlings. Tree poor in the nursery--good in the orchard. Very productive.
Fruit large, globular, flattened, angular; Surface smooth, pale yellow, blushed carmine; Dots scattered, green, with white bases, becoming purple where exposed; Bloom white.
Basin medium, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core irregular, closed, clasping; Axis short; Seeds dark, pointed, imperfect; Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, melting, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, rich; Quality good to very good; Use, table, kitchen, market; Season, December to February. Not very profitable.
=White Pippin.=
The origin of this valuable fruit is entirely unknown, and its history can only be traced to the nursery of Silas Wharton, who may have brought it with him from the East. For a time some of our leading pomologists thought it was the _Canada Reinette_, but this idea has long since been relinquished, and all agree that it is _sui generis_, though it may have had a different name. In some of its external characters it more nearly resembles the _Yellow Newtown Pippin_ than any other fruit; but, while it lacks the high, spicy flavor of that apple, it is found to be much more profitable in the orchard.
The tree is remarkably thrifty, vigorous and productive, upright, with very dark shoots, covered with down, bearing large leaves that are quite downy beneath, and deep green above.
Fruit large, variable in form, angular, sometimes lop-sided, generally fair, free from scab; Surface smooth, green or greenish-white to very pale yellow when ripe; the skin toward the base is often marked on the unripe apple with indistinct wavy stripes of white, the interspaces are sometimes colored by exposure, and assume a pink or purplish hue, making the fruit appear to be striped; Dots very minute, and surrounded by green bases that are most distinct before the fruit is perfectly ripe; these and the white stripes are very characteristic.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular, wavy or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, deep, wavy, brown and green: Stem short, sometimes thick.
Core small, pyriform, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, pale brown, pointed; Flesh white or yellowish-white, breaking, granular, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, not spicy; Quality good; Use, kitchen rather than table, cooks very well; Season, December and January; not a very good keeper; may be preserved until March.
=Yellow Newtown.=
The origin of this variety of the Newtown Pippin, which has obtained such a world-wide notoriety as the "American Apple," is very uncertain. The distinction between this and the _Green Newtown_, as described under Class III, I, 2, 1, was well known to Coxe.
Tree resembling that of the Green variety, slow grower in the nursery, having rough bark when old, not an early bearer, but large, spreading, and productive, and in suitable soils profitable. From some cause, however, the orchards of both these apples are much less satisfactory in their results than formerly in many parts of the country. Still it is often seen in great perfection, and I am compiling this description from outlines and notes of a large number that were very fine.
Fruit large, round, more or less modified by being cylindrical, truncated, lop-sided, ribbed, and irregular, sometimes even conic; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, sometimes bronzy, becoming yellow when ripe, like the _White Pippin_, it is marked with gray striæ near the base while green; Dots minute, scattered, whitish bases.
Basin large, folded, ribbed or plaited; Eye medium, rather open.
Cavity deep, acute; brown; Stem medium or short, rarely long.
Core medium, oval, regular, closed, meeting or clasping the eye; Seeds pointed, brown, sometimes imperfect; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, juicy, not crisp like the Green variety; Flavor acid, aromatic, rich, very agreeable; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen, market and cider; Season, March.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Benoni.=
This handsome and delicious early apple is a native of Dedham, Massachusetts. Its good qualities have caused its culture to be widely extended, and it appears to give very general satisfaction; though not so early as some other kinds, for the dessert especially, it is indispensable to the amateur.
Tree small, upright, close, productive, early bearer; Shoots slender, brown, leaves thin, long.
Fruit small to medium, round, truncated, somewhat angular, irregular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered mixed red, striped scarlet and carmine; Dots minute.
Basin wide, abrupt; Eye large, open or closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium, green, often stout.
Core small, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds angular, dark; Flesh yellow, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor rich, sub-acid, spicy; Quality best; Use, dessert, kitchen and market; Season, July and August. Delicious and profitable.
=Brennaman.=
This fine apple, from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, was reported on by the _ad interim_ Committee of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, and was brought to my notice by Dr. J.K. Eshleman, of Downingtown, in whose beautiful orchard I had an opportunity of studying the variety.
Tree large, spreading, vigorous, productive, said to be hardy.
Fruit medium to large, round, somewhat angular; Surface smooth, yellow, nearly covered with stripes of bright rich red.
Basin deep, wavy; Eye closed.
Cavity large, brown; Stem short to medium.
Flesh whitish, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good, especially for culinary use and market; Season, August and September.
=Chronicle.=
This is a famous long keeper of Indiana origin. The honors of its discovery are divided between the Sigersons and R. Ragan.
Tree vigorous, healthy, productive, said to be hardy.
Fruit full medium to large, globular, truncated, cylindrical, irregular, flattened at the sides or angular; Axis inclined in some; Surface yellowish-green to yellow, mixed and striped dull red; Dots large, scattered, yellow, indented.
Basin, wide, deep, regular or wavy; Eye small to medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy or acute, sometimes lipped, brown; Stem medium to long, sometimes thick.
Core small, closed, meeting; Seeds numerous, pointed, plump; Flesh greenish to yellow, firm; Flavor sub-acid, not spicy; Quality scarcely good, except for culinary use and for market; Season, March to May. Keeps sound even when bruised.
=Foundling.=
"From Massachusetts. Tree moderately vigorous, spreading, productive."--[Downing.]
Fruit medium to large, round, flattened at the ends, angular or uneven; Surface yellowish-green, mixed red, splashed deep red; Dots minute, indented.
Basin wide, abrupt, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, green; Stem short or medium.
Core large, wide, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, small, pointed; Flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good; Use, table; Season, September.
Specimens obtained from Mr. Warren.
=Jersey Black.=
BLACK APPLE of Coxe?
This admirable but unpretending fruit has extended its way quietly through the country, along the parallels 40° to 42°, without ever having had any extra puffing, such as has given notoriety to some of its competitors for places in the orchard. Nobody speaks about this apple, nor writes about it, and yet it is everywhere to be found. This cannot be the _Black Apple_ of Coxe and Downing, being quite different in some of its strong characters. Origin unknown, supposed to have been introduced into the West by Silas Wharton, of Warren County, Ohio, as it is found with the White Pippin and other favorite sorts of his introduction, and is in his published list.
Tree sufficiently vigorous, but does not grow large, spreading, often drooping when old, branches open, always fruitful, either well distributed in a light crop, or crowded in a full one.
Fruit full medium, round, angular and irregular, sometimes ribbed; Surface smooth, completely covered with deep red, striped darker, giving a purple, almost black hue to the fruit, often covered with a thin bloom; one variety is always lighter, stripes more distinct, and the flesh more stained; Dots numerous, minute, indented, purple.
Basin mostly shallow, folded and plaited; Eye small to medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, brown, often wavy or folded; Stem short, medium or long, usually stout, sometimes knobbed.
Core medium, regular, generally closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, short, plump, pointed, dark; Flesh yellow, crisp, fine-grained, juicy, often stained pink or reddish; Flavor rich, mild sub-acid, aromatic, not spicy, satisfying; Quality good; Use, table, kitchen, cider and for stock; Season, December, January; keeps sound. A good market apple.
=King.=
KING OF TOMPKINS COUNTY.
This splendid apple, which has attracted so much attention of recent years, had its origin, as is supposed, in Tompkins County, New York, where it has been much cultivated.
Tree vigorous, healthy, large and spreading, an abundant annual bearer.
Fruit large, handsome, globular, irregular, somewhat conic, angular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered deep red, marbled and striped; Dots numerous, gray, large.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye large, short, closed.
Cavity wide, shallow, wavy; Stem short or long, thick or slender, red.
Core very large, turbinate, regular, closed; Seeds imperfect, angular; Flesh yellowish-white, tender, breaking; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen and market; Season, December and longer.
=Missouri Keeper.=
Specimens from Norman J. Colman, Esq., Editor of the Rural World, St. Louis, Missouri. Origin unknown.
Fruit medium to small, round, irregular; Surface smooth, shaded, mixed, striped red; Dots numerous, large, white, distinct.
Basin abrupt, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity narrow, regular; Stem medium to short, knobby, thick.
Core regular, closed; Seeds numerous, long, plump, angular; Flesh yellow, breaking, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good to very good; Use, table, market and kitchen; Season, January to July.
Specimens cut and described on the 25th of June were in perfect condition.
=Nonpareil.=
The history and origin of this nice autumn fruit have not been ascertained, and it may prove to be an old variety with a changed name--considerably grown in Northern Illinois. Specimens from Dr. Geo. Haskell, of Rockford, are here described.
Fruit medium to large, round, somewhat conic, angular, ribbed; Surface smooth, waxy-yellow, splashed crimson; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, folded and plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, sometimes lipped; Stem long to medium, thick, green.
Core wide, regular, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, brown; Flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid, aromatic; Quality quite good; Use, table; Season, September and October.
=Stewart's Nonpareil.=--Local Name.
This early apple is quite a favorite in Clarke County, Ohio, and may prove to be the Tetofski, or some other known variety, when it comes to be more thoroughly examined. Fruits received from my brother, J.T. Warder.
Fruit medium, roundish, conical, irregular, angular; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, splashed carmine; Dots minute, scattered, indented.
Basin small, abrupt, folded; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, narrow; Stem long, slender.
Core large, oval, open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, brown; Flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good to best; Use, table and kitchen; Season, July and August, in latitude 40°.
=Tetofski.=
This little foreigner was brought from Russia, and seems as well adapted to our climate and tastes as are its companions from the same region.
Tree vigorous, hardy, productive, upright, leaves broad, pale or light green.
Fruit small to medium, round, flattened, somewhat conic, angular; Surface smooth, yellow, striped, splashed carmine, white bloom.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, or deep, acute; Stem short, yellow.
Core large, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, brown; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality good; Use, market, kitchen; Season, June, July--before _Early Harvest_.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Golden Harvey.=
BRANDY APPLE.
This highly flavored English apple is often referred to, but is rarely seen in American collections; but as it may be interesting to some, I quote Downing's brief description:
"Fruit small, irregularly round; Skin rather rough, dull russet over a yellow ground, with a russety red cheek; Flesh yellow, of fine texture, with a rich sub-acid flavor. The fruit is apt to shrivel."
Tree of slender growth.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Downing's Paragon.=
Originated at Canton, Illinois. Tree upright, bears annually, productive.
Fruit large, round, but appearing oblong, regular; Surface smooth, yellow to golden, slightly bronzed or blushed when fully ripe; this and the dots can scarcely be seen while the fruit is immature.
Basin deep, abrupt, plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, irregular; Stem long.
Core very small, oval, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh very tender; Flavor sweet, rich, aromatic; Quality good; Use, table; September to December.
=Honey.=
Native of Pennsylvania. Tree very erect and an excellent bearer. Fruit rather small, oblong or oblong-conical, greenish; Flesh tender, juicy. If this apple ripened in October (apple butter season) it would be more valuable.--[W.G. Waring's MS.]
=Pennsylvania Sweeting.=
Found in Southern Illinois. Origin and history unknown.
Fruit large, oblong, regular; Surface dull greenish-yellow; Dots numerous, dark, distinct.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye large, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, irregular; Stem medium.
Core irregular, large, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, small; Flesh tender, melting, fine-grained; Flavor very sweet; Quality good; Use, baking and stock; Season, early winter.
=Wells' Sweeting.=
Origin and history unknown.
Fruit medium, round or oblong, regular; Surface smooth, white, some blush; Dots scattered, prominent.
Basin wide, regular, leather-cracked; Eye large, closed.
Cavity medium, regular, green; Stem medium.
Core pyriform, closed; Seeds numerous, angular, plump; Flesh white, firm, juicy; Flavor sweet; Use, baking and stock; Season, October and December.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Black Gilliflower.=
An old variety, which cannot be very highly praised, for it is but an indifferent fruit, and yet, on account of its productiveness and keeping properties, it is considered profitable for orchard planting.
Fruit rather large, oblong-ovate, regular; Surface nearly covered with stripes of very deep red that make it look nearly black.
Basin very shallow, often plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core very large, oval, regular, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump or imperfect; Flesh whitish, dry; Flavor only sweet; Use, essentially market, may be valuable for stock; Season, November to March.
=Mother.=
Origin Bolton, Massachusetts. Tree rather slender, but productive.
Fruit medium to full medium, oblong, regular; Surface smooth, shaded red on yellow, with close, fine stripes of red; Dots minute.
Basin medium, regular or plaited; Eye long, small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular or wavy; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, turbinate, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous; Flesh yellow, crisp, very fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sweet, very rich, vinous, aromatic; Quality best; Use, dessert; Season, October to January.
=Ramsdell's Red.=
Origin Connecticut. Tree vigorous, upright, many branches, productive, early bearer; Shoots slender, reddish; Foliage rather light green.
Fruit medium to large, oblong, regular, truncated; Surface smooth, yellow, hidden by bright red, mixed and striped; Dots numerous, yellow, distinct.
Basin rather deep, abrupt, wavy; Eye small to medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem medium to long, often red.
Core large, oval, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds large; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet, rich; Quality very good; Use, baking and stock; Season, September to December.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Mansfield Russet.=
"Brought into notice by Dr. Joseph Mansfield, of Groton, Massachusetts. Tree vigorous and very productive. Fruit small, oblong, inclining to conic; Skin cinnamon russet; Stem long, inserted in a deep, furrowed cavity; Calyx partially closed, set in an open basin; Flesh not very juicy, rich, aromatic, saccharine, vinous; Keeps until April and May."--[Downing.]
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Bailey's Golden.=
"Origin Kennebec County, Maine. Tree productive; Fruit large, oblong, flattened at base and crown; Skin yellowish, slightly russeted, with a warm cheek; Stem short, surrounded by russet, in a broad, deep cavity; Calyx large and open, basin shallow; Flesh white, with a pleasant sub-acid flavor; January to March."--[Downing.]
=Carolina Red June.=
Origin southern, though long extensively grown in the North, and everywhere in the West a favorite early fruit.
Tree hardy, vigorous, healthy, upright, early bearer, productive; Shoots slender, dark; Foliage dark.
Fruit small to medium, form variable, but generally oblong-ovate, regular; Surface smooth, deep red on white, nearly universal; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, folded, plaited; Eye small, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity narrow, acute; Stem medium or short.
Core oval, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, small, plump; Flesh white, very tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, not rich; Quality good; Use, table and market; Season, June and July--one of the earliest.
There is a striped variety, the _Striped June_, from Virginia, similar in every respect except the external markings. It is, of course, quite different from the _Virginia June_.--(Q. vide p. 500.)
=Crawford Keeper.=
This fruit was received from H.N. Gillett, Lawrence County, Ohio.
Fruit large, cylindrical, oblong, lop-sided; Surface smooth, purplish red; Dots numerous, fawn colored.
Basin wide, shallow, wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, rough, brown; Stem medium.
Core regular, open; Seeds numerous, brown; Flesh yellow, breaking, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season, February to April. Very desirable.
=Cumberland Spice.=
Origin New Jersey; not very extensively cultivated, for, though sometimes excellent, it is not found to be a profitable sort.
Fruit rather oblong, contracted toward the eye, or ovate, regular; sometimes the Axis is inclined; Surface pale yellow; Dots large, brown, scattered.
Basin shallow, regular or folded; Eye large, partially closed.
Cavity deep, acute; Stem generally long.
Core large, round, very open, not touching the eye; Seeds numerous, large, pointed; Flesh yellow, tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich, aromatic; Quality good to best, but uncertain; Use, table, kitchen, not profitable; Season, October to December.
=Curtis Greening.=
This fruit was found in Illinois; origin uncertain.
Fruit medium to large, cylindrical, oblong, truncated; Axis inclined; Surface yellow, bronzy; Dots numerous, dark, indented.
Basin abrupt, wide, regular; Eye large, open.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem short.
Core small, fig-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, small, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, January and February.
=Dawson's Cluster.=
From Clark County, Ohio.
Fruit full medium, oblong-truncate or ovate, regular; Surface smooth, pale yellow, blushed lightly with brown; Dots scattered, gray.
Basin abrupt, regular; Eye large, closed.
Cavity very acute, wavy; Stem long, with a knob.
Core medium, heart-shaped, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, large; Flesh yellowish-white, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen, but chiefly recommended for cider; Season, November. An enormous bearer.
=Franklin Golden.=[50]
HUGHES' AMERICAN GOLDEN PIPPIN.
Tree thrifty, upright, moderately productive; Fruit oblong, cylindrical; Surface smooth, yellow; Dots distinct, gray, not numerous.
Basin wide, shallow, finely plaited; Eye long, closed.
Cavity medium, greenish; Stem long.
Core small, pyriform, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds plump, pointed; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid, rich; Quality very good; Use, table; Season, mid-winter.
A choice dessert fruit.
=Grimes' Golden.=
Another apple of similar and equally high character. Origin, Brooke County, Virginia. Introduced to the State Pomological Society by our zealous fellow member S.B. Marshall, Massillon, Ohio, who obtained it from N. Wood, of Belmont County.
Tree vigorous, healthy, spreading, productive, bears early; Shoots stout, dark; Foliage abundant, dark green.
Fruit full medium, cylindrical, regular; Surface yellow, vein-russeted; Dots numerous, minute.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, green; Stem long, curved.
Core small, pyriform, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, brown; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, very fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, spicy, rich, refreshing; Quality very best; Use, dessert, too good for aught else; those who have tried it say that it is excellent for cooking; Season, January to March.
=Kirkbridge White.=
This fruit has been pretty extensively cultivated in some parts of the Western States, and sometimes mistaken for the _Yellow June_. Tree of moderate growth, bears early, productive.
Fruit small, oblong-conic, regular; Surface smooth, pale yellow or white; Dots minute, gray, scattered.
Basin small, shallow or abrupt, narrow, regular; Eye small, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem long, slender, green.
Core medium, pyriform, regular, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, pointed, brown; Flesh white, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality very good; Use, table, market; Season, July, August, after Early Harvest.
=Ortley.=
WHITE BELLFLOWER, And Many Others.
This excellent New Jersey apple has been cultivated very satisfactorily over a great extent of our country, and is still seen in some Western collections, exhibiting all its peculiar beauty, but in many places where it was a great favorite but a few years since, it has become so defective from scab and bitter-rot that it is rapidly disappearing from the nurseries and orchards.
Tree vigorous, healthy, upright, becoming large and spreading, very productive; Shoots stout, dark, bearing limbs brittle, and often broken by the fruit.
Fruit large, oblong, conic, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, pale yellow, rarely blushed light carmine, and red spots; Dots minute, indented, white bases seen only in the unripe fruit.
Basin medium, regular, plaited; Eye small, very long, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, oval, regular, open, meeting the very long eye; Seeds numerous, short, plump, pointed, dark, easily loosened, when they rattle in the large open capsules; Flesh yellowish, tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, sprightly, refreshing; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, November to January.
The threatened failure of this fine fruit is much to be regretted. Its tissue is so fine as to suit even the invalid or convalescent, who could not safely partake of a more solid apple.
=Porter.=
Native of Sherburne, Massachusetts. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive.
Fruit rather large, oblong, somewhat conic, often truncated; Surface smooth, yellow, often faintly blushed; Dots few, sunken.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium.
Core medium, oval, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellowish white, breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid; Quality good to very good; Use, kitchen, table, market; Season, August to October.
=Spark's.=
SPARK'S LATE.
Fruited by Jas. H. Crain, of Undulation, Pulaski County, Illinois, on trees received from J.W. Felt & Co., Crystal Springs, Mississippi.
Special origin unknown, but believed to be southern. Tree vigorous, upright and productive; Shoots stout.
Fruit full medium to large, oblong, conic, regular, handsome; Surface greenish-yellow; Dots numerous, rather large, gray and rough.
Basin shallow, small, regular; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, green; Stem medium to long.
Core medium, oval, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich, very aromatic; Use, dessert especially; Season, December and January; Quality best.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Boalsburg.=
"A seedling of Center County, Pennsylvania. Large, oblong, inclining to conical, delicately mottled, and striped with red on yellow ground; Stem short, thick, inserted in a deep, acuminate, russeted cavity; Basin deep, moderately wide; Flesh yellow, juicy, sprightly, refreshing; Very good; February."--[_Ad interim_ Reports.]
Mr. Waring, of Tyrone, Pennsylvania, writes me that the Boalsburg has not proved to be productive, and that he has discontinued its propagation.
=Cannon Pearmain.=
A southern apple; probably from North Carolina. Grown to some extent in parts of the West, where it proves a substitute for the Ben Davis, keeping longer.
Tree vigorous, healthy, productive when old; Fruit medium, round, oblong or ovate, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, shaded red, faintly striped; Dots large, yellow, gray.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular, rarely wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, often lipped; Stem long, slender, red.
Core medium, regular, oval, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, long, pointed; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking; Flavor mild sub-acid; Quality only good; Use, market, kitchen, table; Season, January to April.
=Cooper's Market.=
"Tree vigorous, upright, with long, slender branches; productive and a late keeper.
"Fruit medium, oblong, conic; Skin yellowish, shaded with red, striped crimson; Stem short; Cavity deep, narrow; Calyx closed; Basin small; Flesh white, tender, with a brisk, sub-acid flavor; December to May."--[Downing.]
=Fall Butter.=--[_L. Jones._][51]
There are many apples with this name, but my good friend Lewis Jones thinks this is the only genuine kind, and deserving the name from its adaptation to the making of apple butter. Found in a seedling orchard of Eastern Indiana, and a distinct sort.
Fruit large, handsome, globular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow; Dots minute, prominent.
Basin regular, abrupt, brown; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow, green; Stem short.
Core medium, round, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, short, plump, dark; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality best for table, baking and apple butter; Season, December and January.
=Hague.=
Introduced by Lewis Jones, Wayne County, Indiana. Believed to be a seedling.
Fruit large, roundish, oblong, cylindrical, truncate; Surface smooth, greenish yellow, shaded more or less with red, striped and splashed deep red; Dots numerous or scattered, large, distinct, yellow.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem short to medium, curved.
Core large, heart-shaped, regular, closed or open, clasping; Seeds numerous, short, pointed, plump; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality very good to best; Use, table, market; Season, December to February. Worthy of attention.
=Herman.=
"From Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous, spreading, quite prolific.
Fruit medium, oblong, conic; fine red, striped on green, Flesh greenish white, tender, juicy, sub-acid, and high flavor; November to April."--[Saml. Miller, in Downing.]
=Indiana Beauty.=
This beautiful Indiana seedling always attracts attention by its external appearance, but it is not destined to become a general favorite.
Fruit large, cylindrical, oblong, unequal; Axis inclined; Surface very smooth yellow, partially covered mixed scarlet, splashed carmine; Dots numerous, small.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded; Eye medium to large, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy; Stem medium.
Core small, oval, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, long, pointed, imperfect; Flesh yellowish, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality only good; Use, market, kitchen; Season, September, November.
=Jonathan.=
Origin, Kingston, New York. Described by Judge Buell. A very superior dessert fruit; good for all purposes, and seems to do well everywhere. Its excellence has caused it to be called, particularly, a gentleman's apple, though quite acceptable to the farmers' boys.
Tree of rather slender growth; hence top-grafted in the orchard and stock-grafted in the nursery to produce early results; Spreading, rather drooping, productive; Shoots slender, light brown, buds small; Foliage rather sparse, grayish.
Fruit medium, round or oblong, conic, truncated, regular; Surface very smooth, waxy yellow, wholly covered brilliant dark red, mixed and striped; Dots minute, russet-veined.
Basin deep, regular, russet-veined; Eye small, closed, green.
Cavity acute, deep, regular, reddish brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, roundish-oval, regular, closed, scarcely clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, large, angular; Flesh, whitish yellow, tender, breaking, very juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, equal to Spitzenberg; Quality best; Use, dessert, cooking, &c.; December, January.
Should be in every orchard.
=Kaighn's Spitzenberg.=--[_Coxe._]
From Gloucester County, New Jersey. Tree spreading, very productive; Shoots slender.
Fruit large, handsome, oblong, slightly conic, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, striped crimson; Dots minute.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded or regular; Eye medium, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem long, slender, red.
Core large, pyriform, regular, clasping, generally open; Seeds numerous, plump, angular, loose; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rather rich; Quality good for culinary use; Market and drying; Season, November, December.
=Knowles' Early.=
A favorite early apple about Philadelphia. Origin supposed to be Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
Tree medium, thrifty, very productive, early bearer.
Fruit small, conical, oblong, striped dull red on yellow.
Basin shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem medium to long.
Flesh yellowish, very tender, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, aromatic, agreeable; Quality good; Use, table, kitchen; Season, July and August.
=Long Island Pearmain.=--[_Coxe._]
AUTUMN PEARMAIN, Thompson, according to Downing.--WINTER PEARMAIN, Western markets.
An old variety found in all the early orchards of Ohio and Indiana, that were within the influence of Silas Wharton's nursery. A good, profitable variety that has been overlooked in the rage for novelties.
Tree large, spreading, very productive; Fruit full medium, round, elongated, tapering slightly from the base, always truncated at the apex, regular; Surface smooth, yellowish green, covered with dull red, and striped maroon; Dots numerous, minute, gray; russet-veined towards the base.
Basin regular, wide, rather deep, slightly leather-cracked; Eye medium, open; Segments long.
Cavity rather wide; Stem long.
Core medium, heart-shaped, regular, closed, not clasping; Seeds numerous, large, plump, brown;. Flesh yellow, breaking, firm, not very juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich, agreeable; Quality good; Use, family and market; Season, November till March.
=Marston's Red Winter.=
As I have never seen this fruit, I again quote from Downing:
"I received this beautiful apple from Nathan Norton, of Greenland, New Hampshire, who said the original tree was more than a hundred years old, and still standing.
"Tree hardy, of moderate growth, great bearer, and keeps as well as Baldwin, and by many preferred to that variety, and is a popular fruit in the neighborhood.
"Fruit above medium size, oblong, oval, inclining to ovate; Stem three-quarters of an inch long, rather slender, in a narrow, deep, compressed, slightly russeted cavity, sometimes with a lip; Calyx partially closed; Segments long, in a deep, corrugated basin; Color whitish yellow, shaded and striped with bright green and crimson, thickly sprinkled with minute dots; Flesh whitish yellow, very juicy, tender, sprightly, sub-acid flavor; December to March."
=Mifflin King.=
Origin Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. Fruit small, color of _Rambo_ perhaps a trifle more red, oblong; Flesh remarkably tender, juicy and pleasant; First rate.--[American Pomological Society's Report.]
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
NONE.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Sweet Bellflower.=
This apple is supposed to have originated in the neighborhood of Dayton, Ohio, and is cultivated chiefly in the adjacent regions, and when found elsewhere is traceable to this source.
Fruit large, roundish oblong, angular; Surface uneven, greenish yellow, becoming creamy yellow, very rarely blushed or bronzed; Dots minute, indented, surrounded by green in the unripe fruit.
Basin medium, folded; Eye small, closed; Segments long, reflexed.
Cavity acute, wavy, green; Stem long, slender.
Core regular, roundish, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, angular, imperfect; Flesh white, fine-grained, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality good to very good; Use, baking, table; Season, December.
Not equal to Broadwell.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Harnish.=
"From Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Fruit medium, oblong, oval, slightly angular; Skin mostly shaded with dark red, and sprinkled with grayish dots; Flesh compact, tender, not juicy, almost sweet, pleasant; September to October."--[Downing.]
=Illinois Pumpkin Sweet.=
This apple was found in Illinois. From the orchard of Mr. Montagu, who esteemed it very highly.
Fruit medium, oblong, ovate, angular; Surface mixed, splashed and striped with dull red; Dots scattered, distinct, yellow.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, folded; Stem medium, inclined.
Core medium, pyriform, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, plump; Flesh yellow, rather tough in winter, but "becomes melting in June"; Flavor very sweet; Quality good, Montagu says best; Use, kitchen, table; Season, January till June.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
NONE.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Genesee Chief.=
Fruit large to very large, roundish oblong, ribbed or angular; Surface smooth, pale yellow, sometimes bronzed; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin shallow, medium; Eye small, but very long, closed.
Cavity narrow, pointed, green; Stem medium, knobby.
Core very large, round, clasping, very open; Seeds numerous, defective, angular, brown; Flesh white, tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid, thin; Quality second rate--good only for cooking; Season, August.
=Henwood.=
A seedling of Indiana. Brought into notice by Lewis Jones, of Wayne County, who has frequently exhibited the fruit, and distributed grafts of this excellent apple, which may compensate for the failure of its reputed parent, the _Ortley_.
Fruit large, oblong, conic or ovate, often angular or ribbed; Surface smooth, pale yellow, rarely blushed; Dots scattered, dark.
Basin shallow, often abrupt, folded or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem long, slender.
Core rather small, round, regular, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, long, angular; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich; Quality very good to best; Season, December to February.
=Keswick Codling.=
An old English variety, which has greatly pleased the people of our country, who find it a valuable market and family fruit, particularly desirable in the North and Northwest.
Tree vigorous, hardy, productive, an early bearer; Shoots branching in a peculiar manner, dark.
Fruit medium, oblong, conical, truncated, ribbed; Surface smooth, pale yellow; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin medium, folded; Eye medium to large, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, browned; Stem long, yellow.
Core large, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh greenish yellow, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality good to very good for its use--cooking; Season, August to October.
The fruit may be cooked in June.
=Newark Pippin.=
Origin, New Jersey. Tree not large, brushy, limbs crooked, twiggy, drooping, not very productive or satisfactory.
Fruit above medium, oblong, cylindrical, truncated very abruptly, slightly angular; Surface smooth, rich yellow when ripe; Dots minute.
Basin wide, regular; Eye large, open.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core large, oval or pyriform, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, plump; Flesh deep yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich, sprightly; Quality best; Use, dessert, cooking; Season, December to February.
A delicious fruit for amateurs, but its place is supplanted by _Grimes' Golden_, which is a much better tree, with fruit of similar good qualities, and better.
=Rock Pippin.=
RIDGE PIPPIN, LEMON, &C.
This admirable long-keeper has claims upon the attention of the commercial orchardist, on account of its soundness and beauty in the spring. Tree very thrifty, large, productive; Branches open, spreading; Shoots stout, dark; Foliage large, scattered.
Fruit full medium, oblong, ovate, angular, often ribbed, truncate at the apex, sometimes unequal; Surface very smooth, very rich yellow, blushed bright carmine when ripe; Dots few, small, dark.
Basin shallow, plaited or folded; Eye small, short, closed.
Cavity acute, often lipped; Stem medium.
Core medium, pyriform, open, somewhat clasping; Seeds numerous, long, brown; Flesh yellow, breaking, rather dry; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich; Quality only good; Use, market and kitchen; Season, December to May; of most value to sell at the latter period.
Cooks well all winter.
=Yellow Bellflower.=
This noble and valuable constituent of our orchards came from Burlington County, New Jersey, where it was first described by Coxe. This apple has succeeded in almost all parts of the country, North and South, and has proved remarkably hardy. The quality of the fruit varies with the soil, being best and most highly flavored and colored on exposed ridges of rather thin soil, while those on rich low bottoms or prairies are slow in bearing, and then produce very large fruit. The crops, however, are not always satisfactory in such situations, though the trees become very large; the blossoms are often destroyed by spring frosts.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, hardy, large, spreading, drooping; Twigs slender, brown; Foliage abundant, long, wavy; Blossoms very large, on long stems, exposed to the weather and not protected by the leaves.
Fruit large to very large, oblong, ovate, angular, ribbed; Surface smooth, rich yellow, sometimes blushed; Dots scattered gray.
Basin shallow or moderately deep, plaited or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute or wide, wavy; Stem long, curved.
Core large, oval, open, clasping; Seeds dark, large, angular, imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, aromatic, very rich and satisfying; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen, market; Season, December.
One of the finest culinary apples in the catalogue.
=York Imperial.=
From the neighborhood of York, Pennsylvania. Exhibited before the State Society at the meeting in Lebanon, 1855. Tree said to be healthy and productive.
Fruit large, rather oblong, somewhat angular; Surface smooth, mixed bright red on greenish yellow.
Basin wide, plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, wide; Stem short.
Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality quite good; Use, market, kitchen; Season, January, February.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Clyde Beauty.=
"Origin, Wayne County, New York. Tree vigorous, upright, very productive.
"Fruit large, roundish, conic, angular; Skin greenish, oily, sprinkled and mottled with dull red, and bright red in the sun; Stem short, slender, inserted in an acute cavity; Calyx closed, set in a small corrugated basin; Flesh white, tender, juicy with a brisk sub-acid flavor; October to January."--[Downing.]
=Frank or Chenango.=
CHENANGO STRAWBERRY.
This beautiful apple has been called also the _Late Strawberry_. So, to avoid confusion, perhaps, it were better to adopt its local name _Frank_. It is a native of New York.
Fruit medium to large oblong, tapering, irregular; Surface smooth, beautifully striped on waxen yellow.
Basin folded and plaited, abrupt; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acuminate; Stem medium.
Flesh tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality very good; Use, dessert; Season, autumn.
=Minister.=
This New England apple was introduced by Mr. Manning; when he brought it before the American Pomological Society, it met with so much favor from the members of that body that it was adopted and recommended. In the Western States it has failed to give satisfaction and is generally discarded, but further North it may do as well as in New England. In Ohio it becomes an autumn apple, and is only used for cooking, when we have plenty of others that are preferred.
Tree healthy, vigorous, early bearer, and constantly productive.
Fruit full medium to large, oblong, tapering to the eye, ribbed, irregular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered bright red mixed, splashed carmine, often handsome; Dots minute.
Basin very narrow, folded, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, sometimes brown; Stem long, slender.
Flesh yellowish, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality only good; Use, kitchen; Season, September and later; not a winter fruit in latitude forty.
=Striped Gilliflower.=
Fruit quite large, oblong, conical, truncated, ribbed; Surface smooth, yellowish white, mixed red, splashed carmine; Dots rare, gray.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem short, curved.
Core large, round, very open, meeting the eye; Seeds small, plump, black; Flesh yellowish white, breaking; Flavor sub-acid; Quality scarcely good; Use, market only; Season, September.
Less ribbed than the _Scalloped Gilliflower_.
=Toccoa.=
"From Toccoa Falls, Habersham County, Georgia.
"Fruit rather large, conical, irregular or oblong; Skin whitish yellow, considerably shaded with carmine, and sprinkled with a few brown dots; Stem short, inserted in a deep cavity; Calyx partially closed, set in a rather large basin; Flesh whitish, juicy, tender, pleasant, mild sub-acid; November to February."--[Downing.]
Perhaps not an early bearer; my trees, set six years, have not yet fruited.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Bourrassa.=
Foreign. Said to do well in the North; have seen it handsome at Detroit.
Fruit medium, oblong, ovate, somewhat angular and ribbed; Surface yellow, covered lightly with a rich red russet, giving it an orange hue.
Basin small; Eye small, closed; Segments very long.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem long.
Flesh white or stained, tender; Flavor acid, spicy, aromatic; Quality pretty good, but apt to be tough and wilted; Season, November to December.
Not worth trying in the South.
FOOTNOTES:
[49] Vide Horticulturist for 1861 p. 40.
[50] Fall Butter, on page 677, belongs here.
[51] See page 670.