Chapter 3

RELATIONSHIPS: Father, maen. Mother, taen. Husband, my, n'sta-luesh. Wife, _idem_. Son or daughter, ng'uen'na. Brother, _if older than the speaker_, shi-itlh; _if younger_, sai-tchin. Elder sister, a-lish; _younger do._, sai-tchin. Grandfather, cha-mok. Grandmother, se-la. Uncle, latl, hai'tch; (_as the nephew grows older, the uncle becomes an elder brother_.) Aunt, she-ilsh. Father-in-law, slaetl. Mother-in-law, _idem_. Brother-in-law, _idem (?)_. Sister-in-law, s'ng-at'hwun. Sister's husband, _idem_. Step father, n's-gnae-uen. Step mother, _idem_. Daughter-in-law, skwa-lo-wis. Husband's other wives, sai-ya.

RIVER, sta-lo; _small stream_, sta-ta-lo.

ROAD, satl.

ROAST, _to_, _in ashes_, tuel-lak; _on a stick_, s'kwuel'lueng.

ROCK, sng-ant.

ROPE, hwe-luem.

RUN, _to_, kwa-nueng-uet, kwa-nueng-it.

S.

SAD, haetl-tin, huetch-ing'en.

SAIL, _make sail_, _imp._, chai-a-kwuen pa-kwuen; _take in sail_, _imp._, klueng-aes.

SALAMANDER, pet-h'yil.

SALMON, _generic_, s'chaen-hu.-- _Various species:_ kuetch'kues _Salmo scouleri_, RICHARDSON; huen-nuen, _the hump-backed salmon_ (_S. Proteus_); suek-ke (_not ascertained_); yo-mutsh, _S. quinnat_, RICH.; kwal-hu, _S. canis_, SUCKLEY (_this name, it will be noticed, is also applied to sea ducks_); ke-uekh, _S. truncatus_? kwuel-yauk, _salmon when exhausted by spawning_; tueghs, _salmon trout_ (_S. Campbelli_, SUCKLEY); su-kwai, _brook trout_ (_S. stellatus_, GRD.); hu-ma-ni, _salmon fry._ (_This last word suggests the Spokane word for the brook trout_, hu-ma-na.)

SALT, klat'luen.

SAND BEACH, s'het (_Lummi_), si-et'suem (_Kwantlen_).

SAND SPIT, na-wa-letsh.

SCOOP, _for bailing a canoe_, tsang'tuen.

SCRAPE, _to_, ekht.

SCRATCH, _a_, si-heks.

SCRATCH, _to_, huet-che-tueng; _I scratch_, hi-kek-suen.

SEA, klals, kt'hlals.

SEASONS: Spring, tchin-kwe-lis, tchin-kwai-lus. Summer, kwa-lus (kwa-lis, _warm_) tchin-e-yi. Autumn, chits-at-lin, tsa-whengst. Winter, chints-e-huem, chin-sa-tuetsh, sa-titsh.

SEE, _to_, lang-uet, lang-it.

SELL, _to_, hwi-mae'la.

SEVEN, tsakws, tsuek-sae-la, suek-saelt-hu.

SEW, _to_, chets.

SHAKE HANDS, _to_, kwuen-sest'.

SHALLOW, shai-shuem.

SHARP, ai-yas.

SHARPEN, _to_, _to whet on a stone_, t'kas.

SHAWL, suet-sa-muesh.

SHIRT, kuets-a-lis; _"hickory" shirt_, huetl-pe-wuen.

SHOES, _moccasins_, s'kluek'a-shin.

SHOOT, _to_, _with a bow_, ts-maen.

SHOT, hues-uem-akw.

SICK, s'hatl.

SICK, _I am_, s'hal'suen.

SING, _to_, t'e-luem, te'lim.

SISTER, _elder_, a-lish; _younger_, sai-tchin.

SIT, _to_, uem-muet, uem-mit, tsuem-ma-no.

SIX, t'huenkh, tuekh-hueng-ae-la, tuekh-hueng-aelt-hu.

SKIN, _dressed_, huel-kuen; _un-dressed_, kwuel'lo.

SKY, se-ishl, skwai-yil.

SLEEP, _to_, et-t-t, e-tuet-tuet, i-tit.

SLEEPY, a-ta-tueng.

SLOWLY, o-s'n-ang'h.

SMALL, mi-me-min.

SMELL, _a_, haekw.

SMELL, _to_, huek-kwuel'la, huek-kwa-li.

SMOKE, _to_, _a pipe_, smae-nis-tin (sma-nuesh, _tobacco_); _as a fire_, spat-lueng.

SNAKE, s'alkh'ka.

SNEEZE, _to_, hae-sing.

SNORE, _to_, hwa-na-kueng.

SNOW, na-ka.

SON, ng-ueu'na.

SOUL, _the_, suel-le.

SOUR, sa-han.

SOW, _to_, _grain_, _&c._, chai-its (chai, _to work_).

SPEAK, _to_, kwal.

SPEAR, _to_, _water fowl_, t'kwa'-nuem; _seals_, sai-yuem-muen; _fish_, t's-hueng'uen.

SPLIT WOOD, _to_, skuet.

STAB, _to_, met-at-ueng-kwa; _Simiamoo_, ti-chet'ueng-kwa.

STAND, _to_, sit-luen.

STAR, ko-s'n, ka-s'n.

STAY, _I will stay_, a-wues-sin.

STEAL, _I stole_, as-kwa-kan'; _you stole_, nuek'wa kwa-kan'; _he stole_, nikhl-kwa-kan'.

STEER, _to_, chuen-nae-set; chuek-ke-nueng.

STEERSMAN, _of canoe_, as-kwa-at.

STOCKADE, _fence_, kuel-luekh'han.

STONE, chet-hlakh; _rock_, sng-ant.

STOP, _I will stop here_, o-at'la-suen (_perhaps "I have arrived"_); _stop_, _imp._, _i.e. stop doing any thing_, un-nuekhw kwa-tuen s'chai; _stop_ (_when one is helped sufficiently to food_), hai; _stop_ (_talking_), suem-mukh.

STRIKE, _to_, _with the fist_, nuet-sas-tueng.

STRIPED, as-he-uetsh.

STRONG, kam-kuem, kwuem-kwuem.

STURGEON, skwa-wuetsh.

SUN, sku-kuel'.

SWEET, sak-kueng (aikh, _good_).

SWIM, _to_, tueng-a-ang.

T.

TAKE, _to_, kwuen'nut (_same as to get_).

TAKE OFF, _to_, kl_a_-lis, kluet-sang'.

TALE, _story_, skwuel'kwuel.

TALL, kl'k-takhl.

TEETH, chin'nis.

TEN, o'puen, o-puen-ae-la, o-puen-aelt-hu.

TESTICLES, ma-tchin.

THANK YOU, hekh.

THAT, tuel-la, ta-le; _that is Lucy's_, la Lucy ti-le.

THERE, ta-la; _there it is_, e-i-te-i-ti, at-la-ti.

THEY, nan-etl-ya, kw'si'a-hal-tuen.

THING, _things_, stang; _every thing_, nuekw-stang. _It is noticeable that in this language, as well as in the Nisqually, Chinook, and probably in others, the word for "thing" is the same as that for "what."_

THIEF, kan-kan.

THIS, ti'et-hla.

THOU, nuekw; _thyself_, tin-tsi'la; _you are a Kanaka yourself_, Kanaka tin-tsi'la.

THOUSAND, o-pantsh.

THREAD, _twine_, hwe-lum.

THREE, klikhw, kl-whai-la, kl-whaelt-hu.

THROAT, haung'en.

THROW, _to_, _as a stone_, tsi-lakh; _to throw away_, hwelt-hu. (_In the Simiamoo dialect_, e-kwuet; _to throw away with violence_, tim-muet.)

THUMB, sues-tals.

THUNDER, s'ho-hwas.

TIDES: Flood tide, kuem'muel. Ebb tide, hi-klatl'h. High tide, kuem-kuem'muel. Low tide, sham'shuem.

TOBACCO, sma-nuesh.

TOBACCO POUCH, sma-na-sha-la.

TO-DAY, ti-a-kais, ti-o-skwa-chil.

TOES, s'chues'suen, sno-hwl-shin.

TO-MORROW, kwa-chil, kwai-ikhl.

TONGUE, te-whls.

TRADING HOUSE _or store_, shwui-mael (hwi-mae-la, _to sell_).

TREES, _forest_, s'ki-la-lueng-hu.

TREES, ETC.: Red pine (_P. ponderosa_), kwa-kwa-ye-la-hilp. Dwarf pine (_P. contorta_), kwakhwl-ch. Spruce fir (_Abies Menzesii_), chi-kwuet'lp. White fir (_A. grandis_), sko'-me-yueks. Hemlock spruce (_Abies ---- ----_), s'ke-eltch. Yew, tlng-kalsh. Cedar (_Thuja_), h'cha-chiltsh. Red cedar (_Juniperus_), pits-in-ai-ilp. Arbutus (_A. Menzesii_), k[=o]-kweltsh. Trailing arbutus (_A. uva-ursi_), kwuen-neltsh; _the leaves of this vine are used for smoking_. Birch, kats-uel'tch. Maple (_A. macrophylla_), kuem' an-ilp. Vine maple (_A. circinata_), she-chuelp. Alder, s'kwang-ueltsh. Crab apple tree, kuekh-whetsh. Fruit of do., ka-akhw. Elder, tse-wuekh. Willow, swuel-letsh.

TREES, _parts of_: Roots, ko'mel-lokh. Fir cones, ta-ma-ku-kuens. Pitch or rosin, sma-nitsh. Leaves, sats-tla. Fir bark, t'chuel-le. Cedar bark, shl-k[=o]m. Inner bark of do., skwekhw. Willow bark (_used for making seines_), swa-lakh. Rotten wood, pi-kwai.

TWO, chus-sa, cha-sa, tch's-saelt-hu.

U.

UNCOVER, _to_, kuet-lest.

UNDERSTAND,-- _I understand that_, huet-che-tu ti-ats; _I don't understand_, o-na kwins-hu-chet; _Do you understand Clallam?_ huet-che-tuet kwues-sa N[=u]s-klai-y[=u]m?

URINATE, che-wa. (_This applies to either sex, there not being a distinction made, as in the Nisqually._)

W.

WALK, _to_, s-tueng, sh-tueng.

WANT, _to_, skle; _I want_, n's-kle; _I don't want_, a-wa sins-kle.

WARM, kwass, kwa-lues.

WARRIOR, nus-chang-kuen, mich-kuel'lo-wuetl.

WASH, _to_, (_the hands_), tsuek-se-suemg; (_the face_), tsuek-wa-sueng; (_clothes_), tsuek-uel-kwo'-tueng; _I wash_, sa-kwuem'suen.

WATER, kaukh.

WAVES, skwuet-la-lak-uen.

WE, ninglkh, kl-ning-uelkh.

WET, kluek-set, tsa-mueng.

WHAT, staeng, staeng-wuet; _what is that?_ stang ti-a? _what are you doing?_ stang nis-chai? _what food do you buy?_ stang kwa chats sae'wun? _what?_ (_in answer to a call_), stang? _what is the matter with you?_ es-tang hat-su? _what do you want?_ stang sins-kle ti-nuek-wa; _what is your name?_ (_vide "who."_)

WHERE, a-hen; _where is my gun?_ t'hen-ku ken po-yuek? _I don't know where_, kwa-hen ish-tuek'ka; _where do you come from (whence you?)_ tsa-hens-hu, tsa-hents-hu? _where are you going (whither you?)_ t'whens-hu, twentst-hu?

WHISTLE, _to_, sh-pi-las.

WHITE, puek'h.

WHO, waet, wat; _who did that?_ wat'la kwuts-chai-a ti-a? _what (literally "who") is your name?_ wat-tun-ma? wat kud sna?

WIFE, n'sta-lush (_same as husband_).

WIND, st-chang.

WINDS: West, ste-wuet. W. N. W., tent-sa-luek. N. W. and North, s'cha-yuem. S. S. E., skang-uet. S. W., s'chis.

WINGS, sk-kael.

WIPE, _to_, (_the face_), nu-hwa-cha-sueng; (_the hands_), chekw-sim.

WOLF, st-kai-uekh.

WOMAN, sla-ni.

WOOD, s'chuetl; _a log_, kwt-hlai; _dry wood_, stae-ta-chi.

WORK (_do_, _make_), chai.

WORTHLESS, kl-huel-o-_a_s.

WRESTLE, _to_, tsael-tueng.

WRITE, _to_, huel'luet.

Y.

YAWN, _to_, we'a-kues.

YE, YOU, nuek-kwe-li-e.

YELLOW, n's-kwuel-la-wuen, nuek-wai.

YES, a-ah; _yes indeed, certainly_, ho'wues, hu'ues, si-[=e]t

YESTERDAY, chi-lak'hl.

YOUNG, s'hwe-wils.

LOCAL NOMENCLATURE

OF THE LUMMI TRIBE.

Chil-tuen-nuem. Point Roberts.

No-ku-me'khil. A creek running into the bay.

Pi-kalps. The Indian village of Camp Simiamoo.

Sim-i-a'mu. The name of the band.

Kul-la'han. "Stockade," the site of the old village.

A'la-la. Creek at the head of Drayton harbor.

Se'litsh. The site on the sand spit of ditto. The name Tsi-he'lis has the same signification.

Kw[=u]d-shaed. Mount Baker.

H[=o]l-h[=o]l-ok'h. Site between Drayton harbor and Birch bay.

Tsau-wuekh. Site on Birch bay.

Tut-si-nuets. Slai-ek-sen. Sandy point.

Chau-ueks. North end Lummi island.

St'kwaep. A site on eastern side of do.

Ska'lek-shuen. Fishing on west side of do.

Mam-e'uek _or_ S'muem-me-uek. The mountain on south end of do.

Kle-kwa-ni. A rock off S. W. end of ditto. It is a s'hui-yab or demon.

To-whuetsh. Eliza island.

Ku-kwa-ne-ueng. Viti rocks.

Cha-chu-sen. Part of the Delta of Lummi river.

Skuel-ha-netl, Sla-yueks. Mouths of the river on Hale's passage.

Tom-whik-sen. The winter village on the passage.

Tae'la-pi. Another neighboring site.

Sw[=u]l-e-sen _or_ S'h[=u]l-e-sen. The Portage.

N-[=u]s-ka-la-huem. The neck of Point Francis.

Se-liss. Point Francis. (_Vide_ Se-litsh, _supra._)

Klik-a-te-nus. The small prairie at the military station, Fort Bellingham.

Kwal-lu-h[=u]m (Squallicum). The small creek above Whatcom.

What-com. The outlet of the lake. The name refers to the noise of its waters.

Si-h[=o]m. The site of the Bellingham Bay Coal Mine.

Ma-mo-si. Pattle's claim.

Sis'lit-chuem. Thomas's claim.

Tai-cha-mish. The cove at Cullum's claim.

Tchuek-a-nuets. The inner bight of Bellingham bay.

S'huets-kues. Point William, or Samish point.

As-e-a-kuen. Samish village behind the island.

Pen-[=u]kh-hu. Vendovi island. The name is derived from that of a bulbous root growing there.

T'cha-kwil-la. N. W. point of Gueymes island.

T'kwa-wa-tchin. N. E. side of do.

Kwil-shants. S. E. point of do.

N[=u]kh-whai-i-mikhl. Samish village S. W. side of do.

Tal-la-lokh, Nu-kwuet-la-al. Localities on Fidalgo island.

Muek-kuek'hs. N. E. point of do.

Skuet-lues. Sinclair island.

Tuet-sekh. Cypress island.

Tuetl-ki-te-nues. Strawberry harbor on do.

She-ueng-tl'h. The peak on the N. end of do. It is the nest of the thunder bird.

S'n[=u]k-nokh-hw'tl. Site on western side of Blakely island.

N[=u]s-kwi-chen'nuem. James's island.

Chis-si-na-a. Bird rocks off Decatur island.

Huet-tat-ch'l. Site of Indian village on S. E. end of Orcas island.

Ko-pe-tuen. S. E. point of eastern bay in Orcas island.

M[=u]k-kw[=u]l-nitch. Small lake and cascade emptying into the eastern bay.

I-ukh'kan. The cove at M[=u]k-kw[=u]l-nitch.

Chin-chin-tse-l[=u]ng. A rock on the eastern shore of the bay. It was another demon--a woman who committed adultery with every one. She was turned into stone by Ha-als, but her spirit remains. She used to live at that place in summer, but went up the bay in the winter.

N[=u]kh-whai-y[=u]m. Deadman's rock in the eastern bay. An old cemetery of the Lummi Indians.

Tsuel-whe-suen. A site at the head of the bay.

Swa-lakh. Mount Constitution, on Orcas island. The name is also given to the eastern bay itself, or rather to the country upon it.

S'ko-ma-ang. A mountain on the peninsula between the eastern and middle bays. The name refers to a berry called _t'kwa'ma_, and means "_like that berry_."

A'la-la, "_like a house_," from _a'lung_, "_a house_." Another hill on Orcas island. The name also applies to the land bordering on the middle bay.

N[=u]s-kuel-ling-ues. The point at the entrance of the middle or A'la-la bay.

Skwek-sen. A rock on the eastern side of do. This was another demon.

I'ye-huen. The bald hill at the head of A'la-la bay.

T'kai-yetsh. The extreme S. W. point of Orcas island.

Nukh-lo-kwoi. A site on the W. side of do.

Kwi-nues. N. point of Lopez island.

Sklel-nip. Sand point N. end of do.

Nu-chad-kwun. E. point of do.

S'whuel-luetsh. The lagoon on the W. side of do. (Its Clallam name, _Pal-pi-yu_.)

K[=u]t-uel'la. E. point of Shaw's island.

Hues-saltsh, Hwi-cha-sen. Localities on the S. side of do.

Kl-chang. Point on N. side do.

N[=u]k-pa-katsh. Rocky islet N. side do.

Kla-la-ka-mish. Former inhabitants of the E. side of San Juan island; a band of Lummis now extinct.

Si-a'lueng-hu. Hudson's Bay farm, San Juan island.

Wa-huel-a-nuen. Hudson's Bay salmon house, San Juan do.

Kl-whai-ten. Patos island.

Klakhw-kuem (_mussels_). Patos island.

Pen-[=o]kh. Matia group. The name has the same signification as that of Vendovi island.

Chu-she-nueng. Sucia group.

Si-la-ka-mish. Spiedur island.

Kwuen-nues. Stuart island.

S'Huen-ne. Waldron island.

Le-mael-tcha, Stae-shum. Former villages on Waldron island.

El-t'nlh. Point Disney, do.

Pl-hunk'-'sun. W. point, do.

NAMES OF LUMMI CHIEFS.

Sa-h[=o]p-kan, now dead.

Chil-luek, his son, also dead.

Chau-its-h[=u]t, another son, and

Chil-le-uek.

The last is Chief of the North Lummis, and Chau-its-h[=u]t of the southern band.

Hu-te-sa-luek, at Simiamoo.