CHAPTER XXIX.

Marital Relations, and Causes that limit Population 293

APPENDIX.

I.--Measurements of the Ainu Body, and Descriptive Characters 298

II.--Glossary of Ainu Words, many of which are found in Geographical Names in Yezo and the Kurile Islands 304

INDEX 313

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Portrait of the Author _Frontispiece._ Aputa 1 Ainu Woman saluting 6 Toya Lake, near Aputa 11 Fisherman's Hut 12 Pack-Saddle 18 Norboribets Volcano 19 Horobets 21 Storehouses at Piratori 22 Benry, the Ainu Chief of Piratori 25 Ainu Man waving his Moustache-lifter before drinking 29 Ainu Festival, An 30 Ainu Women dancing 33 Piratori Woman in Costume 34 Utarop Rocks 35 Ainu Lashed Canoe 37 Front View of Lashed Canoe 38 Ainu Oars 38 Sailing Canoe 38 Ainu Wooden Anchors 39 Ainu Canoe, Top View of an 39 Erimo Cape 43 Natural Stone Archway, A 44 Iwa Rocks at Biru 49 Ainu Houses and Storehouse, Frishikobets, Tokachi River 50 Madwoman of Yammakka 55 Ainu Woman of Frishikobets, on the Tokachi River 60 Shikarubets Otchirsh, The 67 Ainu Man of the Upper Tokachi 68 Ainu Hook for Smoking Bear-Meat 77 Koro-pok-kuru Fort 78 Flint Arrow-Heads 78 Flint Knives 79 Koro-pok-kuru Pottery and Fragments of Designs 86 Stone Adzes and Hammer 94 Ainu Huts and Storehouses on Kutcharo Lake 95 Kutcharo Lake from Mount Yuzan 98 Sulphur Mine 100 Akkeshi in a Fog 105 Ainu Man and Woman on Horseback 106 Ainu Bits 110 Semi-Ainu Rat Trap 120 Ainu Woman of the Kurile Islands 121 Shikotan Ainu 126 Woman of the Kurile Islands 132 Abashiri Island 133 Ainu Belle, An 140 Saruma Lagoon 144 Eagle-displayed Sable, An 145 My Host, the Madman 148 Sarubuts, showing River-Course altered by Drift Sand 157 Ainu Village on the East Coast of Yezo 166 Mashike Mountain 167 Ishikari Kraftu Ainu 178 Kamui Kotan Rapids, The 179 Woman of Ishikari River 186 Ainu Bark Water Jugs 187 Ainu Half-caste Child of Volcano Bay 194 Komatage Volcano, Volcano Bay 196 Wooden Drinking Vessels 207 Kammakappe, The, &c. 209 Ahunkanitte, The, &c. 210 Atzis-Cloth in process of Weaving 210 Roasting Hook 211 Ape-Kilai, The, or Earth-Rake 214 Pestle, Mortar, Spoon, &c. 215 Ainu Pipe Holder and Tobacco Pouch 217 Ainu Knife, with ornamented Sheath, &c. 218 Kike-ush-bashui, or Moustache-Lifters 220 Suggestions of Leaves, &c. 221 Elaborations of Chevrons, Wave Patterns, &c. 222 Tchutti, or War-Clubs, &c. 223 Ainu Knives 224 Monuments for Women 225 Wooden Monuments over Men's Grave 225 Wooden Blade 226 Ainu Pipe, An 228 Ainu Man walking with Snow-Shoes 236 Thiaske-Tarra, The 238 Atzis, The 245 Atzis, after Japanese Pattern 245 Winter Bear-skin Coat 245 Atzis, Back of 246 "Hoshi," The 247 Boots, Deer-Skin Shoe, &c. 248 Tattoo-marks on Women's Arms 253 Snow-Shoes 254 Ainu Salutation 255 "Mukko," A, or Musical Instrument 258 Wooden Pipe, A 265 Naked Ainu Man from the North-East Coast of Yezo 274 Trophy of Bears' Skulls 281 Inao-netuba, &c. 292