Chapter 20

[23] The main provisions are: 1. Head tax of $2. 2. Excluded classes numbering 17. 3. Criminal offenses against the Immigration Acts, enumerating 12 crimes. 4. Rejection of the diseased aliens. 5. Manifest, required of vessel-masters, with answers to 19 questions. 6. Examination of immigrants. 7. Detention and return of aliens. 8. Bonds and guaranties. The law may be found in full in the Appendix to _Immigration_, and in _The Problem of the Immigrant_, chap. VI., where the rules and regulations for its enforcement are also given. A list of the excluded classes and criminal offenses will be found in Appendix B of this volume.

[24] Joseph H. Adams, in _Home Missionary_, for April, 1905.

[25] The Immigration Bureau has 1,214 inspectors and special agents. The Commissioner-General says of them: They are spread throughout the country from Maine to southern California. They are

[26] thoroughly organized under competent chiefs, many of them working regardless of hours, whether breaking the seals of freight cars on the southern border to prevent the smuggling of Chinese, or watching the countless routes of ingress from Canada, ever alert and willing, equally efficient in detecting the inadmissible alien and the pretended citizen. The Bureau asserts with confidence that, excepting a very few, the government of this country has no more able and faithful servants in its employ, either civil or military, than the immigration officers.

[27] Commissioner-General's Report for 1905, p. 41.

[28] _Immigration Report_ for 1905, p.56.

[29] Broughton Brandenburg, _Imported Americans_, 33.

[30] _Immigration Report_ for 1905, p. 48.

[31] Prof. H. H. Boyesen.

[32] Frederick Austin Ogg, in _Outlook_ for May 5, 1906.

[33] A synopsis of these recommendations will be found in Appendix B.

[34] Sec. 38. That no alien immigrant over sixteen years of age physically capable of reading shall be admitted to the United States until he has proved to the satisfaction of the proper inspection officers that he can read English or some other tongue ... provided that an admissible alien over sixteen, or a person now or hereafter in the United States of like age, may bring in or send for his wife, mother, affianced wife, or father over fifty-five, if they are otherwise admissible, whether able to read or write or not.

[35] Sec. 39. That every male alien immigrant over sixteen shall be deemed likely to become a public charge unless he shows to the proper immigration officials that he has in his possession at the time of inspection money to the equivalent of $25, or that the head of his family entering with him so holds that amount to his account. Every female alien must have $15.

[36] The Bill, as amended, left the head tax at $2, and the reading test was omitted. Great opposition to the Bill came from the foreign element, especially the Jews.

[37] Dr. Goodchild.

[38] Broughton Brandenburg, _Imported Americans_, 302.

[39] _Outlook_ for May 5, 1906.

[40] J. D. Whelpley, _The Problem of the Immigrant_, 13.

[41] _Annual Report for_ 1903, p. 60.

[42] _Annual Report for_ 1905, p. 58.

[43] Idem, opposite p. 34.

[44] This bureau shall collect and furnish to all incoming aliens, data as to the resources, products, and manufactures of each state, territory and district of the United States; the prices of land and character of soils; routes of travel and fares; opportunities of employment in the skilled and unskilled occupations, rates of wages, cost of living, and all other information that in the judgment of the Commissioner-General might tend to enlighten the aliens as to the inducements to settlement in the various sections.

[45] Bernheimer, _The Russian Jew in the United States_, 370.

[46] Prescott F. Hall, _Immigration_, 303.

[47] Eliot Lord, in _The Italian in America_, 177 ff.

[48] "The Problem of Immigration," Presbyterian Board of Publication.

[49] For a condensed characterization of the north of Europe immigrants read the chapter on Racial Conditions in _Immigration_ (chap. III.) The leading traits of the various immigrant peoples are set forth with fairness and discrimination, although probably none of those described would see themselves exactly as Mr. Hall sees them.

[50] _The Italian in America._

[51] John Foster Carr in _Outlook_.

[52] See page 146.

[53] Dr. S. H. Lee in _Baptist Home Mission Monthly_, for May, 1905.

[54] Location of various public institutions of New York City.

[55] Industrial Commission Report to Congress, Dec. 5, 1901.

[56] _The Italian in America_, 215, 216.

[57] G. Tuoti, in _The Italian in America_, 78.

[58] A remarkable showing of what the Italians have accomplished through these farming colonies in various parts of the country is given in the chapter "On Farm and Plantation", in _The Italian in America_.

[59] Rev. E. P. Farnham, D.D., in New York _Examiner_, June 22, 1906.

[60] _University Settlement Studies_, December, 1905.

[61] While the Magyars (or Hungarians) are not Slavs, they have lived in close contact with them, and for convenience may be classed in the Slavic division; and the same thing is true of the Roumanian and Russian Jews. All these peoples come from Russia, Austria-Hungary, or the Balkan States, and represent similar customs and ideas, although they differ materially in character, as we shall see.

[62] Samuel McLanahan, _Our People of Foreign Speech_, 34 ff.

[63] F. J. Warne, _The Slav Invasion_, chap. VI.

[64] Miss Kate H. Claghorn, in _Charities_, for December, 1904.

[65] _Charities_, for December, 1904.

[66] Samuel McLanahan, _Our People of Foreign Speech_, 45.

[67] Louis H. Pick, in _Charities_, for December, 1904.

[68] Miss Emily Balch, "The Slavs at Home," in _Charities and Commons_.

[69] Lee Frankel, in _The Russian Jew in the United States_, 63.

[70] Julius H. Greenstone, in _The Russian Jew in the United States_, 158.

[71] Commissioner-General's Report for 1905, p. 58.

[72] _The Leaven of a Great City_, and _The Story of an East Side Family_.

[73] _University Settlement Studies_, January, 1906.

[74] Hamilton Holt, _Undistinguished Americans_, 43 ff.

[75] Jacob Riis, _How the Other Half Lives_, chap. XVIII.

[76] Robert Hunter, _Poverty_, chap. I. This is a book that every American should read. The author is indebted to it for much of the material in this chapter.

[77] Robert Hunter, _Poverty_, 196.

[78] Idem, chap. V.

[79] Richmond Mayo-Smith, _Emigration and Immigration_, 5 ff.

[80] Walter E. Heyl, in _University Settlement Studies_.

[81] F. J. Warne, _The Slav Invasion_, 103.

[82] Rena M. Atchison, _Un-American Immigration_, 82.

[83] Richmond Mayo-Smith, _Emigration and Immigration_, 84 ff.

[84] Represents the recapitulation of totals of Europe, Asia, Africa and all other countries.

[85] Josiah Strong, _Our Country_, 56.

[86] Kate H. Claghorn, in _Charities_ for December, 1904.

[87] Broughton Brandenburg, _Imported Americans_, 19.

[88] Sidney Sampson, pamphlet, "The Immigration Problem."

[89] Fung Yuet Mow, Chinese missionary in New York, says that at a missionary Conference which he attended in Canton there were fifty missionaries present, native Chinese, and half of them were converted in our missions in America, and returned home to seek the conversion of their people. Everywhere he met the influence of Chinese who found Christ in this country.

[90] Henry H. Hamilton in the _Home Missionary_.

[91] In one city in Massachusetts, where there are 1,700 Italians only fifty or sixty attend the Roman Catholic Church; and in another, of 6,000 Italians, only about 300 go to that church. They declare that they are tired of the Romish Church and have lost faith in its priests. Similar reports come from all parts of the country.

[92] There are numerous instances equally remarkable. Many young people express their desire to lead true lives and the missionaries often learn how well the resolutions made at Ellis Island have been kept. One missionary says: "I meet one here and another there, who tell me that I met them first three or four years ago, when they first reached this country, strangers to Christ as well as to me; but now they say, 'We love to tell the story of Jesus and his love.' Some of the denominations have houses fitted up for the temporary entertainment of immigrants who need a safe place while waiting to hear from friends or secure employment. This missionary work admirably supplements the excellent service rendered by the protective organizations, of which the United Hebrews Charities is perhaps the most influential, dispensing funds amounting to $270,000 a year, including the Baron Hirsch fund. There is also an Immigrant Girls' Home which saves many from temptation while they are seeking employment, and helps them secure places in Christian families."

[93] Rev. Joel S. Ives, pamphlet, "The Foreigner in New England."

[94] Appendix C.

[95] Some denominations already have theological training departments for foreign people. The French-American College at Springfield, Massachusetts, is the first distinctive training school for foreigners.

[96] "The Foreign Problem." Published by the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions.

[97] Rev. F. H. Allen, in _Home Missionary_ for January, 1906.

[98] Rev. C. W. Shelton reports typical cases, that could be duplicated by every secretary of a Home Missionary Society and every missionary. In one mission church a young Swede girl gave $25 a month, out of her earnings as cook, toward the pastor's support. In a Finnish church, another young woman pledged $30 a month out a salary of $50. A Chinese mission in California supports three native workers in China. A Slav Mission Sunday-school in Braddock, Pennsylvania, with thirty members, gave out of its poverty, as one year's record, $6 for home missions, $1.25 for windows in a new Bohemian church, $1 for missionary schools, $6.35 for maps, and $6 for a foreign missionary ship. Nearly fifty cents a member these Slavs gave; and that amount per member from all Christian Churches and Sunday-schools would make the missionary treasuries much fuller than at present.

[99] Words used by Dr. A. L. Phillips, of Richmond, Va., at the Asheville Conference, July, 1906.

[100] From Annual Report of Commissioner-General of Immigration for 1905.

[101] Statement from Commissioner-General F. P. Sargent.

[102] From the Lutheran World.