Chapter 11

on a Supreme Directive Power, 213-14

Bartlett, on colouring of male birds, i. 302

Bates, F., i. 69

---- H.W., i. 24, 25; explores the Amazon, 26-30

---- ---- letter from, on "Law regulating Introduction of New Species," i. 64

Bates's caterpillar, i. 178, 253

Bateson, Prof., Sir W.T. Thiselton-Dyerson, ii. 91

---- "Material for Study of Variation," ii. 60-1

Bats, fruit-eating, i. 57

_Beagle_, Darwin's voyage in the, i. 19, 31, 32, 33, 43

"------, Voyage of the," i. 31, 32, 34, ii. 2

Bee's cell, Prof. Haughton's paper on the, i. 148

Bees' combs, i. 135; a honeycomb from Timor, 143, 146

Beetles, Darwin's zeal for collecting, i. 18; Wallace's study of, 24; South American, 30; Wallace's collection of, 38,114

"Beginnings of Life," Bastian's, i. 274

Bell, Sir C., i. 182

Belt, Mr., glacial theory of, i. 298

Bendyshe, Mr., i. 165

Bennett, A.W., i. 253

Bentham, G., i. 219

Bergson, Wallace on, ii. 98

Bermuda, birds of, i. 138

Best, Miss Dora, letter to, on Welsh offer of a degree to Wallace, ii. 222

Biology and geographical distribution, Wallace's works on, ii. 1-17; correspondence on, 18-102

---- "Grand Old Men" of, ii. 12 (note)

Birch, Mr. F., ii. 177, 223-4

Bird of paradise, i. 41, 44, 238, 261

Birds, flight of, i. 145-6, ii. 25 _et seq._; colour problem of, i. 184, 185, 212, 226-9, 230, 252, 289 (note), 302; polygamous, 194, 199; migration of, ii. 19, 20; instincts of, 54

Birds' nests, i. 134, 191, 212, 213, 252

"---- ---- and Plumage," Wallace's, i. 191

"---- ---- Philosophy of," Wallace's, i. 212, ii. 6, 8

Blackbird, crested, i. 163

Blainville, D., i. 162

Blandford, H.F., i. 290

Blood relationship, Galton on, i. 277

Blyth, E., i. 132

Blytt, Axel, essay on plants of Scandinavia, i. 293

Borneo, Wallace's collections from, i. 61; cave exploration, 152

---- Company, i. 38, 39, 40

Boston (U.S.A.), Wallace's lectures at, ii. 15

Botany, Darwin's study of, at Cambridge, i. 17; Wallace's study of, 20, 21, ii. 106

"----, Elements of," Lindley's, i. 21

Brazil, Wallace's explorations in, i. 29

Bree, Dr., i. 271 (note), 272-3

British Museum, original of Wallace letter in, i. 73

Broadstone, funeral of Wallace at, ii. 252

Bronn, H.G., translates "Origin of Species" into German, i. 141

Brooke, Capt., i 52

---- H. Jamyn, ii. 175

---- Sir James, i. 39, 52, 59-60, 152, 238

Bruce-Joy, Mr., portrait-medallion of Wallace, ii. 122, 254

Buckle, Rev. G., article by, on Lyell's "Principles," i. 232

Buckley, Miss (Mrs. Fisher), i. 260, 264, 313, 316, 319, ii. 40, 89, 90; reviews "Descent of Man," i. 264

Budd, Dr. Richard, ii. 58

Buffon and Evolution, i. 1

Buru, Wallace's collection of birds from, ii. 3

Bustards, i. 146

Butler, Samuel, "Life and Habit," ii. 102

Butterflies, Wallace's study of, i. 24; of South America, 30; of Malay Archipelago, 41-2; protective adaptation of, 140; variation and distribution of, 149; mimetic, 167, 168, 176, 178, 189 (note), 200, 213, 217, 224, 254, 300; sexual selection of, 179, 260 (note); flight of, ii, 26

C

Cambridge, Darwin at, i. 16, 17

---- Philosophical Society, attacks on "Origin of Species" at, i. 142

Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, ii. 146

Carbon, deposits of, i. 298

Carlyle, Thomas, ii. 228

Carpenter, Dr., his controversies with Wallace, ii. 195, 198

Carroll, Lewis, Wallace's quotations from, ii. 105

Casuarius, query from Darwin on, i. 239

Caterpillars, colouring of, i. 178, 179, 183, 236, 260, 270, 299

Celebes, i. 138, 237, 289; geological distribution in, 168

"Cessation of selection," ii. 52

Chambers, Robert, i. 114, 116, 244

Child's "Root Principles," ii. 83

Clairvoyance, ii. 200, 208, 211. (_See also_ Spiritualism)

Claparède, critique of, on Wallace's "Natural Selection," i. 253, 254

Clarke, Prof., attacks Darwin at Cambridge Philosophical Society, i. 142

Clarkson, Thomas, ii. 225

Cleistogamic flowers, i. 298

Climates, geological, Wallace's theory of, i. 306

Climatic conditions, plants and, i. 130

"Climbing Plants, Movements and Habits of," Darwin's, i, 285, ii. 2

Coal, export duties on, Wallace's view of, ii. 250

Cockerell, Sydney C., ii. 161

---- Theo. D.A., ii. 49; and the Darwin Celebration at Cambridge, 226; first personal relations with Wallace, 233-5

"Coleoptera Atlantidum," Wollaston's, ii. 22-3

"Colin Clout's Calendar," ii. 46

Coloration, protective, i. 156, 177, 178-9, 181, 183, 184, 185-6, 201, 220, 221, 224 _et seq._, 260, 270, 298, ii. 4, 11, 85. (_See also_ Protection, Mimicry)

Colour-adaptability, ii. 56

Confucius, Wallace's appreciation of, ii. 152

Conscience, evolution of, i. 263

"Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection," Wallace's, i. 94, 250, 252, ii. 5, 6

Cooke, Kate, medium, ii. 193, 194, 195

Co-operation, Wallace on, ii. 151-2

Cope, E.D., ii. 47

Copley Medals awarded to Wallace, ii. 128, 222

Coral islands, Lyell on, ii. 22

"---- Reefs," Darwin's, ii. 2

---- snakes, i. 187

Crawford, Marion, one of Wallace's favourite authors, ii. 131

"Creation by Law," Wallace's article on, i. 188, 192, ii. 6

"Creative Thought," Sir Wm. Barrett's, ii. 212-13, 249

"Creed of Science," Graham's, i. 318

Croll, James, i. 242, 305, 313, ii. 5, 13

Crookes, Sir W., and psychical research, ii. 87, 189, 191, 205; and Westminster Abbey memorial to Wallace, 253

Cross- and self-fertilisation, i. 169, 297, ii. 46

"Cross Unions of Dimorphic Plants," Darwin's, i. 218

"Crossing Plants," Darwin's, i. 296

Crotch, G., i. 262

D

"Darwin and After Darwin," Romanes', ii. 50

"---- and his Teachings," i. 170

"---- and 'The Origin,'" Poulton's, ii. 88 (note)

----, Charles, i. 1, 2; birth of, 5; autobiography, 5, 23 (note); ancestors, 6; at Shrewsbury Grammar School, 12; natural history tastes, 12; as angler, 12; egg-collecting, 12; humanity of, 13; leaves Shrewsbury Grammar School, 15; fondness for shooting, 16; at Cambridge, 16; medical studies, 16; theological studies, 17, ii. 184; tours in North Wales, i. 18; beetle-hunting, 18, 114; voyage in the _Beagle_, 18; theory of Natural Selection, 102, 107; reading, 103; visits Maer and Shrewsbury, 103; experiments, 103; Huxley and, 104; at work on Species and Varieties, 107; at Down, 109; receives presentation copy of Spencer's Essays, 124; appreciation of Wallace's magnanimity, 134, 137, 139, 141, 153, 164, 242, 252, 287, 304; falls from his horse, 243; on Wallace's review of "Descent of Man," 260-2; criticism of Wallace's "Geographical Distribution," 286, 289; at Dorking, 288; promotes memorial to City Corporation in favour of Wallace, 303; acknowledgment of "Island Life," 307-8; on migration of plants, 307 (note), 312; memorial to Gladstone on behalf of Wallace, 313; death of, 318

Darwin, Charles, letters to Wallace: On "Law regulating Introduction of New Species," etc., i. 106, ii. 129; on distribution of animals, i. 133; on his "Origin of Species," etc., 134, 136; on Wallace's "Zoological Geography of the Malay Archipelago," 137; inviting Wallace's opinion of the "Origin," 139; on protective adaptation of butterflies, 140; on Press reviews of "Origin," 141, 144; on theory of flight, 146; on Wallace as reviewer, 148; on Wallace's "Variation" and his paper on Man, 153; on sexual selection, 159; on Wallace's papers on pigeons and parrots, 160; on the Aru pig, 162; on the crested blackbird, etc., 163; on Wallace's "Pigeons of Malay Archipelago" and dimorphism, 166; on the non-blending of varieties, 169; on the term "survival of the fittest," 174; on sexual differences in fishes, 177; on colour of caterpillars, 178; on coloration and expression in man, 179; on sexual selection and expression, 182; on scheme for his work on Man, 183; on laws of inheritance, etc., 185; on Wallace's "Mimicry," 187; on Wallace's reply to Duke of Argyll, 189; on sexual selection and collateral points, 194; on pangenesis and sterility of hybrids, 197; on production of natural hybrids, etc., 201; on sexual selection, 204, 206, 207; on northern alpine flora, 211; on Wallace's article on "Birds' Nests," and on mimetic butterflies, 212; on Sir Clifford Allbutt's sperm-cell theory, and on female protected butterflies, 214; on Wallace's "Protective Resemblance," 216; on dimorphic plants and colour protection, 220; on the colour problem of birds, 225, 229, 231; on fifth edition of "Origin of Species," 233; on single variations, 234; on Wallace's "Malay Archipelago," 235, 237, 240; on Wallace's review of Lyell's "Principles," 242; on baffling sexual characters, 245; on Wallace's paper, "Geological Time," 250; on Wallace's views on Man, 250, 251; on Wallace's "Natural Selection," 252; on Wallace's criticism of Bennett's paper, 253; on his "Descent of Man" and St. G. Mivart, 257; on Wallace's review of "Descent of Man," 260; on Chauncey Wright's criticism of Mivart, 264; on a _Quarterly_ review, 269, 291; on Fritz Müller's letter on mimicry, 270; on Dr. Bree, 271, 272; on Bastian's "Beginnings of Life," 274, 278; on ants, 279; criticising Wallace's review of "Expression of the Emotions," 280; on Spencer and politics, 283; on Utricularia, 284; on Wallace's "Geographical Distribution of Animals," 286, 289, 292; on Wallace's article on Colours of Animals, etc., 299; on Wallace's "Origin of Species and Genera," 304; on Wallace's "Island Life," 307; on land migration of plants, 312; on memorial for Wallace pension, 314, 315; on mimicry, 316; on political economy and "Creed of Science," 318; on land question, 319 ----, Erasmus, i. 6; on the Wallace-Darwin episode, 127

---- Sir Francis, and "Life and Letters of Charles Darwin," i. 118, 119, 120, 122

---- Sir G., Expulsion theory of, ii. 180

----, Mr. Horace, letter from his father, on discoverers, ii. 242 (note)

---- Major Leonard, i. 145, 146

---- Dr. Robert Waring, i. 6, 18

"Darwinism," Wallace's, i, 212, 218, ii. 2, 14, 15, 75, 90, 109; plan of, 15-17; Spencer's objection to title, 47

Davos, Wallace's lecture at, ii. 204

Dawson, Sir J.W., attack on Natural Selection, i. 142

De Rougemont, Wallace on, ii. 76

De Vries on mutation, ii. 80, 96

Decaisne's paper on flora of Timor, i. 236

Deformities, article on, in Chambers's Encyclopedia, ii. 57

Dendrobium devonianum, i. 23

Denudation, theory of, i. 250, 309, ii. 71, 72, 73

Deposition, theory of, i. 309, ii. 72, 73

"Descent of Man," Darwin's, i. 152, 255, 259, 284, 289 (note), ii. 2, 34; review in _Pall Mall Gazette_, i. 263; in _Spectator_, 263

"Development of Human Races under Law of Natural Selection," Wallace's, ii. 6, 183

"Different Forms of Flowers and Plants of the Same Species," Darwin's, i. 298, ii. 2

Dimorphism, i. 167, 202, 220

Dipsomania, Wallace on, ii. 68

Discontinuous variation, ii. 62, 63

Disuse, physiological effects of, i. 69

Divining rod, experiments with, ii. 205, 206-8, 211

Dixey, Dr., ii. 79

Domestic selection (_see_ Selection, domestic)

Domestication, variation under, i. 192

Dowsing for water, etc., ii. 205, 206-8, 211

Dunraven, Lord, and psychical research, ii. 199

"Duration of Life," Weismann's, ii. 44, 45

Dyaks, i. 55, 59

E

Earl, W., on distribution of animals in Malay Archipelago, i. 138

"Early History of Mankind," Tylor's, i. 164, 165

Earth, formation of, ii. 179; Wallace's views on, 168 _et seq._

"Earthworms," Darwin's, i. 320, ii. 2

Edinburgh, Darwin in, i. 16, 17

Education, Wallace's views of, ii. 147

Edwards, W.H., "Voyage up the Amazon," i. 25

Eight hours' day, Wallace on, ii. 156

"Encyclopedia of Plants," London's, i. 21, 23, 92

Entomological Society, i. 35; discussion on mimicry at, 176; Wallace's Presidential Address to, 126

Eocene Period, i. 308, 312

Epping Forest, superintendency of, Wallace and, i. 302-4, 306

Erotylidæ, i. 65

Erskine of Linlathen on evolution, ii. 228

"Essays on Evolution," Poulton's, ii. 61 (note), 79 (note), 84, 85

"---- upon Heredity," Weismann's, ii. 45, 51, 52

Eugenics, ii. 160, 246; term disliked by Wallace, 150, 246; and segregation of unfit, letter from Wallace on, 160

Evans, Miss, ii. 226

Evil, origin of, ii. 149

Evolution, theory of, Lamarck and, i. 1, 109; Lyell and, 76, 142, 239; as conceived in "Vestiges of Creation," 91, 92 (note) _et seq._; Darwin and, 103 _et seq._, 122-4; notable converts to, 137, 139, 141, 219, 221, 239; Wallace's views on, 240, 256, 294, ii. 78, 94, 95; Sir W.T. Thiselton-Dyer on, 97, 185. (_See also_ Selection)

"---- and Adaptation," Morgan's, ii. 79

---- and Mendelism, Wallace on, ii. 93

"Evolution of the Stellar System, Researches on," ii. 178

"---- Theories of," Poulton's, ii. 61

"Evolutionist at Large," ii. 46

"Expanse of Heaven," Proctor's, ii. 80

"Exposition of Fallacies in the Hypotheses of Darwin," Bree's, i. 271 (note), 272-3

"Expression, Anatomy of," Bell's, i. 182

---- in the Malays, i. 182, 191

"---- of the Emotions," Darwin's, i. 279, ii. 2; review of, i. 280-1

"Expressiveness of Speech, etc., in the Origin of Language," Wallace's, ii. 65

F

Facsimile of Wallace's inscription on envelope containing his first eight letters from Darwin, i. 128

Faraday on Spiritualism, ii. 188

Farmer, W.J., ii. 101

Farrer, Mr., i. 304

Fauna, British, i. 307

Felis of Timor, i. 138

Fellenberg and R.D. Owen, ii, 225

Ferns, Lawrence on, ii. 40

"Fertilisation of Orchids," Darwin's, i. 189 (note), ii. 2

---- self- and cross-, i. 169, 297, ii. 46

Finger-prints, Gallon's papers on, ii. 48-9

"First Principles," Spencer's, Wallace's admiration of, i. 125

Fish, sexual differences in, i. 178

Fisher, Mrs. (_see_ Buckley, Miss)

---- O., "Physics of the Earth's Crust," Wallace on, ii. 74

FitzRoy, Capt., i. 33

Flight, theory of, i. 145-6, ii. 25 _et seq._

Flora, endemic, ii. 43

"Floral Structures," Henslow's, ii. 46

Flourens' criticism of Darwin's theory, i. 160

Flowers, tropical, i. 238; cleistogamic, 298

Flustra, Darwin's article on larvæ of, i. 16

Forbes, Dr. Henry, ii. 12 (note); estimation of Wallace, 229-33, 239

---- Prof., i. 96, 99, 100, 132, 139, 189, 248

Forel and Darwin, i, 294, 296

"Forms of Flowers," Darwin's, i. 298

Fossils, i. 20

"Foundations," Sir F. Darwin's, ii. 92

Free trade and monopoly, Wallace's views on, ii. 152

"Freeland," Wallace's opinion of, ii. 114

"Fuel of the Sun," M. Williams's, i. 263-4

G

Galapagos Islands, i. 97, 103; fauna of, i. 295, ii. 13

Galaxias, i. 290

Galton, Sir Francis, on heredity, ii. 45; on organic stability, 60; introduces term Eugenics, 246

---- letter from, on finger-marks, ii. 48-9

Gärtner, i. 195

Geach, C., i. 79, 191, 245

Geddes, Prof. Patrick, ii. 12 (note), 41, 43

Geikie, Sir A., i. 122, ii. 71, 253

General Enclosure Act, ii. 140

"Genesis of Species," Mivart's, i. 257, 264, 265-7, 291, ii. 31

Geodephaga, exotic, i. 69

Geographical distribution and biology, Wallace's writings on, ii. 1-17; correspondence on, 18-102

"---- ---- of Animals," Wallace's, i. 42, 286, ii. 1-2, 8, 32, 233, 286-7, 289-94

"---- ---- of Mammals," Murray's, i. 181

"---- ---- of Plants," Sir W.T. Thiselton-Dyer's, ii. 90

Geographical distribution of plants and animals, i. 94, 95, ii. 13

Geography, old-time teaching of, i. 11; organic, 95; zoological, ii. 9

"Geological Climates and the Origin of Species," Wallace's, ii. 5

---- distribution of plants and animals, i. 94, 95, 136

"---- History of Man," Lyell's, i. 142

"---- Observations on South America," Darwin's, ii. 2

---- time, Wallace's paper on, i. 249

Geology, Darwin's studies in, i. 16, 17

George, Rt. Hon. D. Lloyd, Wallace's letter to, on the railway strike,