Alden's Handy Atlas of the World Including One Hundred and Thirty-eight Colored Maps, Diagrams, Tables, Etc.

Part 14

Chapter 143,163 wordsPublic domain

Area, 110,700 square miles; extreme length, 485 miles; length western boundary, 210 miles; extreme breadth, 310 miles. Humboldt the longest river; its valley, extending east and west, determined course of Central Pacific. Number counties, 15.

Temperature at Winnemucca: winter, 30° to 38°; summer, 66° to 73°.

Virginia City, metropolis and chief commercial centre; population, 10,917. Carson City, capital, and contains a branch mint; population, 4,229. Railroad mileage, 948; Central Pacific extends through the State, east and west. Waters of rivers usually fresh, and abound in fish.

Number farms, 1,404; many valleys easily cultivated, and crop yield good. Corn, 1884, 830 acres; wheat, 5,515 acres; oats, 7,858 acres. Area grazing land, 7,508,060 acres. Reported January 1, 1884, 40,732 horses and mules; 385,350 sheep, valued at $793,821; 13,200 hogs, valued at $110,880.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $5,000 Lieut. Gov. 3,000 Sec'y of State 3,000 Treasurer 3,000 Comptroller 3,000 Attorney Gen. 3,000 Supt. Pub. Inst. 2,400 Chief Justice 6,000 2 Asso. Justices 6,000 Senators, } $8 a day Representatives } and 40c. a mile District Judge 3,500 Surveyor Gen. 3,000 Chief Clerk 2,000 Draftsman 1,500 Col. Int. Rev. 2,375 4 Deputy Collectors 1,850 to 1,950 Supt. of Mint 3,000 Melt. & Refiner 2,500 Coiner 2,500 Assayer 2,500 Cashier 2,000 Weigh. Clerk 2,000 Reg. Deposits 1,800 2 Indian Agts. 1,800

Presidential P. O.

Austin $1,400 Carson City 1,800 Elko 1,200 Eureka 1,700 Gold Hill 1,000 Reno 1,800 Tuscarora 1,200 Virginia City 2,000 Winnemucca 1,200

Mineral resources of enormous value; Comstock lode supposed to be richest silver mine in the world; Eureka one of the most productive. Amount of gold produced, 1882, $2,000,000; silver, $6,750,000. Rich lead and copper ores; also zinc, platinum, tin and nickel have been found. Extensive deposits of borax in Churchill and Esmeralda counties.

Ranks second in gold, and fourth in silver.

Population, 62,266; male, 42,019; female, 20,247; native, 36,613; foreign, 25,653; white, 53,556; colored, 488; Chinese, 5,416; Indians, 2803

Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature every 2 years; State, presidential and congressional elections Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 20; Representatives, 40; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years. Voting population, 31,255; native white, 11,442; foreign white, 14,191; colored, 5,622. Idiots, insane and convicts excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 1; school population, 10,483; school age, 6-18.

Legal Interest rate, 10; by contract, any rate. {167}

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CALIFORNIA. Kal-e-for´ne-ah. "THE GOLDEN STATE."

Name of Spanish origin, signifying "Hot Furnace."

First settlement by Spaniards at San Diego, 1768; admitted 1850.

Area, 158,360 square miles, the second largest State; extreme length, 770 miles; extreme breadth, 330 miles; least breadth, 150 miles; coastline, over 700 miles; San Francisco Bay, best harbor on western coast. Number counties, 52.

Temperature at San Francisco: winter, 50° to 55°; summer, 58° to 69°. Rainfall, Sacramento, 20 inches.

San Francisco, metropolis and only port of entry. Regular line of steamers to Australia, Panama, Mexico, China and Japan; pop., 233,959. Sacramento, capital; pop., 21,420. Population Oakland, 34,555; San José, 12,567; Stockton, 10,282; Los Angeles, 11,183; U.S. navy yard at San Pablo Bay.

Number farms, 35,934. Average value per acre, cleared land, $27.16; woodland, $8.55.

One of the richest agricultural tracts in the Union; rich soil and favorable climate, often insuring two crops per year on same field; wheat the most valuable crop; crop of 1884, 44,320,000 bu.; corn, 8,800,000 bu.; oats, 2,149,000 bu.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $6,000 Sec'y of State 3,000 Treasurer 3,000 Comptroller 3,000 Supt. Pub. Inst. 3,000 Attorney Gen. 3,000 Surveyor Gen. 3,000 State Librarian 3,000 District Judge 5,000 Senators, } $8 a day, Representatives } mileage 10c. & $25 2 Colls. Int. Revenue 3,125 to 4,500 Col. Customs San Fransisco 7,000 Pension Agent 4,000 Supt. Mint 4,500 Assayer 3,000 M'lt'r & Refinr. 3,000

Presidential P. O.

Chico $1,800 Fresno City 1,900 Los Angeles 3,000 Marysville 1,900 Napa City 2,000 Oakland 3,100 Petaluma 1,900 Red Bluff 1,800 Sacramento 3,000 San Bernardino 1,800 San Diego 1,800 San Francisco 5,000 San Jose 2,700 Santa Barbara 1,900 Santa Cruz 1,900 Santa Rosa 1,900 Stockton 2,500 40 P. O. 1,700 to 1000

Ranks very high as a fruit-growing state; fruits of temperate climates, about 4,000,000 trees; sub-tropical fruits and nuts, 250,000 trees; grape region north to 41°, with an average breadth of 100 miles, and contains over 21,000,000 vines.

Fine sheep-raising country. Cashmere goats have been introduced and are doing well.

Ranks first in barley, grape culture, sheep, gold and quicksilver; third in hops; fifth in wheat and salt; seventh in silk goods; eighth in soap and silver.

Population, 864,694: male, 518,176; female, 346,518; native, 571,820; foreign, 292,874; white, 767,181; colored, 6,018; Chinese, 75,132; Japanese, 86; Indians, 16,277.

Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature every two years; number Senators, 40; Representatives, 80; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday after January 1st; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 8; number white voters, 262,583. Idiots, Indians, convicts and Chinese excluded from voting.

School population, 216,330; school age, 5-17.

Legal interest rate, 7; by contract, any rate. {169}

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OREGON. Or´e-gon.

Name derived from Spanish word signifying "Wild Thyme," so called on account of the abundance of the herb found by early explorers. Credit of discovery generally given to Captain Gray, of Boston, 1792; Fur Company's trading post at Astoria, 1811; organized as a Territory, 1848; admitted 1859.

Area, 96,030 square miles; average length, 360 miles; breadth, 260 miles; coast line, 300 miles; Columbia river frontage, 300 miles. Number counties, 27. Temperature at Portland: winter, 38° to 46° summer, 62° to 68°: rainfall at Dalles, 22 inches, and at Fort Hoskins, 67 inches.

Portland, Astoria and Coos Bay are ports of entry; Oregon City, Roseburgh and La Grande are land offices. Portland, the metropolis; population, 33,400. Salem is capital.

Number farms, 16,217; about 25,000,000 acres arable land, and same of grazing land; forest, 10,000,000 acres. Average value per acre, cleared land, $21.71; woodland, $4.50.

Wheat the staple; noted for superiority of its flour and for weight, often reaching 65 pounds per bu. Wheat crop, 1884, 15,462,000 bu.; oats, 5,470,000 bu.

Salaries of State Officers.

Governor $1,500 Sec. of State, } 1,500 Aud. & Comp. } Treasurer 800 Supt. of Pub. In. 1,500 State Librarian 500 Chief Justice 2,000 2 Asso. Justices 2,000 Senators, } $3 a day Representatives } and 15c. per mile. District Judge 3,500 District Attorney 200 & fees. Col. Int. Rev. 2,500 Col. Customs, Astoria 3,000 Appraiser 3,000 Surveyor Gen. 2,500 Chief Clerk 1,800 Draftsman 1,500 5 Indian Agents 1,000 to 1,800

Presidential P. O.

Albany $1,500 Ashland 1,000 Astoria 1,900 Baker City 1,400 Corvallis 1,300 East Portland 1,500 Eugene City 1,400 Jacksonville 1,200 Oregon City 1,200 Pendleton 1,600 Portland 3,200 Roseburgh 1,100 Salem 2,100 The Dalles 1,700

Cattle raising ranks 2d only to agriculture; wool is of fine quality.

Extremely rich in minerals; gold found in Jackson, Josephine, Baker and Grant counties; copper, in Josephine, Douglas and Jackson counties; iron ore, throughout the State; coal, along Coast Range.

Principal exports are wheat, flour, lumber and canned salmon. Over 10,000,000 feet lumber out annually, and over 600,000 cases salmon packed.

Population, 174,768: male, 103,381; female, 71,387; native, 144,265; foreign, 30,503; white, 163,075; colored, 487; Chinese, 9,510; Indians, 1694

Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature every two years; number of Senators, 30; Representatives, 60; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in January; limit of session, 40 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number of electoral votes, 3; voting population, 59,629. U.S. army, idiots, insane, convicts, and Chinese excluded from voting.

Number of colleges, 7; school population, 65,216; school age, 4-20.

Legal interest rate, 8; by contract, 10; usury forfeits principal and interest. {171}

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WASHINGTON. W[)o]sh-ing-ton.

First settlement of white Americans at Tumwater, 1845, though trading posts had before been established by fur traders; organized 1853

Area, 69,180 square miles, nearly same as Missouri; greatest length, 340 miles; greatest breadth, 240 miles; Pacific coast line, about 180 miles. Number counties, 33.

Temperature at Olympia: winter, 37° to 44°; summer, 59° to 62°. Rainfall, Ft. Colville, 10 inches; at Ft. Vancouver, 39 inches, and at Neah Bay, 123 inches.

Olympia is the capital, and Walla Walla and Seattle the largest towns. Harbors of Puget Sound numerous and excellent. Railroad mileage, 716; Northern Pacific from Wallula Junction to Idaho line, and from Kalama to New Tacoma, which is connected by railway with Seattle.

About 25 per cent. of area well fitted for agriculture; cereals all thrive, but generally too cold for corn; wheat crop, 1884, 4,118,000 bushels; oats, 2,623,000. Fruits of temperate zone, excepting peaches, attain perfection. Considerable attention paid to hop culture, latest reports giving 703,277 pounds; also 1,003,530 bushels potatoes.

Salaries Territorial Officers.

Governor $2,600 Secretary 1,800 Treasurer 1,200 Auditor 1,200 Supt. Pub. Ins'n. 1,000 Librarian 400 Chief Justice 3,000 3 Assoc. Justices 3,000 Senators, } $4 a day Representatives, } and 20c mileage Surveyor Gen. 2,500 Chief Clerk 1,800 Chief Drftsm'n 1,700 Col. of Customs $1,000 & fees Col. Int. Rev. 2,250 3 Dep. Colls. Int. Rev. 1,200 to 1,600

Indian Agents.

Colville $1,500 Neah Bay 1,000 Nisqually 1,200 Quiniaielt 1,000 Skokomish 1,200 Tulalip 1,000 Yakama 2,000

Presidential P. O.

Cheney $1,100 Colfax 1,500 Dayton 1,500 Olympia 1,600 Port Townsend 1,200 Seattle 2,500 Spokane Falls 1,700 Sprague 1,200 Tacoma 1,600 Vancouver 1,200 Walla Walla 2,300

Grazing interest valuable and rapidly increasing; grazing region east of Cascade Range, the bunch grass furnishing an inexhaustible food supply.

Coal mined at Bellingham Bay and Seattle; area coal-bearing strata, 20,000 square miles. Gold-bearing quartz and silver lodes exist in Cascade and Coast ranges; copper, cinnabar, lead and other minerals are found.

Lumber resources almost inexhaustible; amount lumber cut annually, 250,000,000 to 300,000,000 feet, 150,000,000 being exported.

Population, 75,116: male, 45,973; female, 29,143; native, 59,313; foreign, 15,803; white, 67,199; colored, 325; Chinese, 3,186; Indians, 4,405.

Territorial and congressional elections, Tuesday after first Monday day in November; number Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in October; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each; limit of session, 60 days. Voting population, 27,670; native white, 15,858; foreign white, 8,393; colored, 3,419.

Number colleges, 2; school population, 23,890; school age, 4-21.

Legal interest rate, 10; by contract, any rate. {173}

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CENTRAL AMERICA AND WEST INDIES.

Central America is an irregular mass of land in southern part of North America, and lies about midway between the two great continental masses of the New World. It includes the republics of Guatemala, Honduras, San Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, together with British Honduras.

The West Indies, an extensive system of islands lying southeast of North America, contain the large islands of Cuba, Hayti, Jamaica and Porto Rico, and are arranged mostly in three groups; viz., Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles and the Bahamas.

+-----------+-----------+---------------+---------- | Area, | Pop. | Capital. | Pop. |Sq. Miles | | | --------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+---------- British Honduras | 7,562 | 27,452 | Belize | 5,767 Costa Rica | 26,040 | 190,000 | San Jose | 20,000 Guatemala | 41,830 | 1,278,311 | New Guatemala | 55,728 Honduras | 39,600 | 458,000 | Tegucigalpa | 12,000 Nicaragua | 49,500 | 400,000 | Managua | 12,000 San Salvador | 7,225 | 554,785 | San Salvador | 18,500 Cuba | 43,220 | 1,521,684 | Havana | 25,000 Hayti { Hayti | 10,204 | 572,000 | Port-au-Prince| 35,000 { San Domingo | 18,045 | 400,000 | San Domingo | 10,000 Jamaica | 4,362 | 585,536 | Kingston | 38,566 Porto Rico | 3,550 | 754,313 | San Juan | 27,000 --------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+----------

Statement of Exports and Imports at Belize for the year ending Dec. 31, 1882.

Exports of Cuba, 1882-83. BARACOA--1883.

Cocoanuts, hundreds 9,083,305 Bananas, bunches, hundred 628,916 Value $671,925 Cocoanut Oil 98,930

SANTA CRUZ--1882. SAGUA AND CARDENAS--1882.

Mah'any and cedar logs $166,577 | Sugar $17,484,884 Palm Leaf 8,453 | Molasses 3,941,522 Mahogany Crutches 1,490 | Melada 262,233

Exports of Porto Rico, 1882-83 MAYAGUEZ--1883. AQUADILLA AND ARECIBO--1882.

Sugar $1,141,784 | Sugar $1,409,972 Coffee 1,566,327 | Coffee 567,073 Molasses 326,690 | Tobacco 104,173

Exports of Hayti, 1883.

Coffee $57,341,162 | Orange Peels $459,917 Logwood 264,135,490 | Crude Sugar 561,479 Cocoa 2,735,555 | Mahogany 245,999 Cotton 1,619,891 | Lignum-vitæ 1,062,000

Exports of Jamaica, 1881-82.

Sugar 38,392 hhds. | Oranges $163,928 Rum 22,742 puncheons | Coffee 649,848 Bananas $481,838 | Dye-woods 501,415

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COSTA RICA. Kos´ta Ree´ka.

The most southern republic of Central America. Area, 26,040 square miles. Population, 190,000. There are many volcanic peaks: Turrialba, 12,500 feet high; Chiriqui, 11,265 feet high; Los Votos, 9,840 feet high.

The chief executive, the President, elected for a term of 4 years, is assisted by 5 ministers. Legislative power is vested in a Congress of Deputies, chosen for 4 years. Capital, San José; pop., 20,000.

The principal products of the soil are coffee, sugar, maize, cocoa, sarsaparilla and fruits. The principal export is coffee. Value of exports, 1883, $2,431,625; of which coffee amounted to $2,000,590. Imports chiefly manufactures from England, $2,081,805. Revenue for fiscal year of 1885, $2,867,170, mainly derived from customs duties and the monopoly on spirits; expenditure, $2,961,110. In 1884, $841,440 were expended for public works. There are about 104 miles of railway: telegraph, 451 miles.

The state religion is the Roman Catholic; constitution guarantees religious liberty. There are 341 national schools and 584 private schools; total number of pupils, 13,924.

NICARAGUA. Nik-ar-a´gwa.

Largest of the Central American states. Area, 49,500 square miles. Population, 400,000. Fifty-five per cent, of inhabitants are Indians. Climate is healthy; mean annual temperature about 80°; rainfall about 100 inches. Constitution adopted 1858. Presidential term, 4 years. Legislative power rests with a Senate and a House of Representatives. Capital, Managua; population, 12,000.

Through want of peace and industry the great natural resources are undeveloped. Lead, iron, zinc, antimony, tin, quicksilver and gold are found. The vegetable products are cotton, coffee, indigo, rice, tobacco and corn. There are about 400,000 cattle in the country. Leading exports in 1882: coffee, $659,550; India rubber, $638,010; gold, $150,000. Imports for the same year, $1,477,340; exports, $1,895,760.

Army, 703 regulars and 9,600 militiamen. Number of schools, 178; pupils, 8,330. Vessels entered, 1882, 213; tonnage, 256,000. Telegraph, 1882, 800 miles; railway, 83 miles.

SAN SALVADOR. S[)a]l-v[)a]-d[=o]r´.

In area the smallest, in population the second, of the Central American republics. It extends along the Pacific coast 170 miles. Average breadth, 43 miles; area, 7,225 square miles. Population, 554785

Constitution adopted 1864; amended 1883. Government administered by a President, elected for 4 years, and a ministry of 4 members. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives. Capital, San Salvador; population, 18,500.

The temperature varies greatly; but the climate is generally considered healthful. This is the most advanced and best cultivated of the republics. Principal agricultural products, indigo, coffee, sugar and balsam. Minerals are not abundant, though there are some rich veins of silver. Value of silver ores, 1882, $700,000.

Latest reports give value of imports as $2,327,765; exports, $5,638,080. Value of coffee exported, $3,416,100; indigo, $1,812,590; sugar, $93,230. In the same year 265 vessels entered the ports.

The army consists of 1,200 men and 2,500 militia. {177}

GUATEMALA. Gaw-te-mah´la.

The most populous of the five Central American republics. Area, 41,830 square miles. Population, 1884, 1,278,311. Climate healthful; snow never falls; frequent violent earthquakes occur. Watered by numerous rivers.

Constitution adopted 1859; amended 1879. President is chief executive; legislative power in the hands of National Assembly; President and members of Assembly elected for 6 years; suffrage universal. Capital, New Guatemala; pop., 55,728.

The soil is fertile; cotton, sugar cane, coffee and tobacco are grown. Roads are poor. Coffee crop, 1884, over 42,000,000 lbs. Sugar, wool and fruit trade recently developed. In 1882, number of land-owners 5,334.

Imports, 1884, valued at $2,630,100; exports, $3,716,340. Miles of railway, 105. Miles of telegraph, 2,880; 1,100 miles controlled by the state.

Army consists of 2,180 men, rank and file; 33,000 militiamen. There is no navy.

In 1882, sum spent on education, $434,753; state contributed $323,860; in 1883 there were 844 primary government schools; number night schools, 48; pupils attending all schools, 42,021.

HONDURAS. Hon-doo´ras.

Republic established November 5, 1838. Area, 39,600 square miles. Population, 458,000. Capital, Tegucigalpa; pop., 12,000. Numerous mountains; between them fertile valleys. Coast line on the Pacific, 40 miles: Atlantic, 400 miles. Many excellent harbors; many rivers, some of them navigable.

Government consists of President, 6 ministers, and an Assembly of 37 Representatives. Finances badly disordered; foreign debt, $26,125,106; interest unpaid, $24,308,846. Standing army, 830 men; militia, 31,500. Navy, 2 steam corvettes, with 8 guns.