Part 1
Produced by Ben Courtney, Keith Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
Transcriber's note: In the indicated pronunciations [=a] signifies "a macron" (i.e. long a); [)a] "a breve" (short a); and so forth.
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ALDEN'S
HANDY ATLAS
OF THE
WORLD.
INCLUDING ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-EIGHT COLORED MAPS, DIAGRAMS, TABLES, ETC.
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NEW YORK: JOHN B. ALDEN, PUBLISHER. 1888.
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BRILLIANT BOOKS.
The following are A FEW TITLES and prices from my catalogue of standard books:
Alden's Cyclopedia of Universal Literature, publishing in 15 volumes, of about 500 pages each; per volume, paper, 30c.; cloth, 50c.; half Morocco, 60c.
American Patriotism: Famous Orations and Patriotic Papers; cloth 50c., half Morocco 70c.
Ancient Classics for English Readers; 27 volumes; each, paper, 10c.; cloth, 20c. Also bound in 9 vols., half Russia, each 50c.
Argyll's Reign of Law, cloth, 60c.; Unity of Nature, 60c.; Primeval Man, 35c.; the three in one volume, cloth, $1.00.
Bacon's Essays, complete; paper 12c., cloth 25c.
Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress; paper 8c., cloth 20c. and 30c.
Chambers's Cyclopedia of English Literature; 8 volumes in cloth, $2.00.
Chinese Classics: The Works of Confucius and Mencius, translated; cloth 75c.
Classic Comedies, by Goldsmith, Sheridan, and Jonson; cloth 40c., half Morocco 60c.
Classic Prose Wonder-Book; 900 large octavo pages, richly bound. $1.50.
Confessions of St. Augustine; translated, cloth, 50c.
Creasy's Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World; cloth, 40c.
De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium Eater; cloth, 20c.
Doré's Bible Gallery of Illustrations and Stories; reduced from $5.00 to $1.25.
Doré's Milton's Paradise Lost; text complete, with 52 cartoons, $1.25.
Durfee's Poetical Concordance to the principal Poets of the World; cloth, gilt edges, $1.00.
Emerson's Essays, 2 volumes; each, cl., 40c.; half Morocco, 60c.
Emerson's Nature, Etc.; cloth 35c., half Morocco 50c.
Famous Warriors: Lives of Hannibal, Cæsar, and Cromwell, by famous authors; each, paper, 8c.; all in one vol., cloth, 40c.
Farrar's Seekers after God; cloth, 35c.
---- Lectures, Addresses and Essays; cloth 35c., half Morocco 50c.
Geikie's Hours with the Bible; 6 vols., illustrated; reduced in price from $1.50 per vol. to 45c. in cl., or 60c. in half Morocco.
---- Life and Words of Christ; reduced in price from $8.00 to 45c. for cloth, or 60c. for half Morocco.
JOHN B. ALDEN, PUBLISHER, 393 PEARL ST., NEW YORK.
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Copyright, 1885 and 1886, by RAND, MCNALLY & CO.
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INDEX
TO
MAPS AND DESCRIPTIVE MATTER.
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PAGE | PAGE Abyssinia 51 | Maryland 101 Afghanistan 45 | Massachusetts 87 Africa 47 | Mexico 77 Alabama 115 | Michigan 137 Alaska 75 | Minnesota 143 Algeria 49 | Mississippi 117 Anam 39, 40 | Missouri 125 Andorra 23, 24 | Montana 163 Arabia 37, 41 | Montenegro 27, 30 Argentine Republic 189, 191 | Mozambique 53 Arizona 157 | Natal 55 Arkansas 123 | Nebraska 147 Asia 37 | Netherlands 17, 19 Australasia 63 | Netherlands Indies 61 Australia 63 | Nevada 167 Austro-Hungary 31 | New Brunswick 71 Belgium 17, 19 | New Hampshire 83 Beluchistan 45 | New Jersey 95 Bolivia 187 | New Mexico 155 Brazil 187 | New South Wales 63 British Columbia 73 | New York 93 British Isles 13 | New Zealand 63 Bulgaria 25, 27 | Nicaragua 175, 176 Burmah 39, 40 | North America 65 California 168 | North Carolina 107 Cape Colony 55 | Northwest Territories 73 Central America 175 | Norway 33 Ceylon 43 | Nova Scotia 71 Chili 191 | Nubia 51 China 39 | Oceania 59, 60 Chinese Empire 38 | Ohio 131 Colombia, U.S. of 183, 184 | Ontario 67 Colorado 153 | Orange River Free State 55 Congo Free State 57 | Oregon 171 Connecticut 91 | Paraguay 191 Corea 39, 41 | Pennsylvania 97 Costa Rica 175, 176 | Persia 45 Cuba 179, 180 | Peru 187, 188 Dakota 145 | Porto Rico 175, 179 Delaware 99 | Portugal 21 Denmark 33, 34 | Prince Edward Island 71 Ecuador 187, 188 | Quebec 69 Egypt 51 | Queensland 63 England 14 | Rhode Island 89 Europe 9 | Rumania 25, 27 Europe, Northern 10 | Russia 35 Europe, Southern 11 | San Domingo 175, 178 Florida 113 | Sandwich Islands 61 France 23 | San Salvador 175, 176 Georgia 111 | Scotland 16 Germany 19 | Servia 25, 27 Great Britain 12 | Siam 39, 40 Greece 27 | South America 181, 182 Guatemala 175, 177 | South Australia 63 Guiana, British 185 | South Carolina 109 Guiana, Dutch 185 | Spain 21 Guiana, French 185 | Sweden 33 Hawaii 61 | Switzerland 23, 24 Hayti 175, 178 | Tasmania 63 Honduras 175, 177 | Tennessee 127 Honduras, British 175, 177 | Texas 121 Hong Kong 39, 41 | Transvaal 56 Idaho 165 | Tripoli 47 Illinois 135 | Tunis 49 India 43 | Turkey 27 Indiana 133 | United States 79 Indian Territory 151 | Uruguay 189, 191 Iowa 141 | Utah 159 Ireland 15 | Venezuela 183, 184 Italy 29 | Vermont 85 Jamaica 175, 178 | Victoria 63 Japan 39 | Virginia 103 Kansas 149 | Wales 14 Kentucky 129 | Washington 173 Liberia 56, 58 | Western Australia 62 Louisiana 119 | West Indies 175 Madagascar 53 | West Virginia 105 Maine 81 | Wisconsin 139 Malay 39, 40 | World 7 Manitoba 73 | Wyoming 161 Marocco 49 | Zanzibar 53
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INDEX
TO
DIAGRAMS AND TABLES.
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Agriculture, Persons Engaged in 114 Agricultural Products of Mexico 76 Angora Hair Exported by Cape Colony, Value of 46 Area and Population of African Countries 46 Area and Population of Asiatic Countries 36 Area and Population of Central America 174 Area and Population of European Countries 8 Area and Population of German States 18 Area and Population of Mexico 76 Area and Population of Oceania 59 Area and Population of South American Countries 181 Area and Population of West Indies 174 Barley, Average Annual Product of 82 Boots and Shoes Manufactured, Value of 86 Butter Product, 1880, Value of 172 Cattle in Territories, Value of 160 Cheese Product, 1880, Value of 92 Cheese Product in Territories, 1880, Value of 158 Cloth Manufactured in the Southern States 116 Cocoa Exported by Venezuela, Value of 181 Coffee Exported by Brazil, Value of 181 Coffee Exported by Venezuela, Value of 181 Coffee Imported by Europe 8 Copper Ingots, Amount of, Produced in Southern States 106 Copper Ingots, Annual Product of 156 Corn Crop, 1870 to 1880, Increase in 104 Corn, Increase in Acreage of 146 Cotton Exported by Brazil, Value of 181 Cotton Manufactures per 1,000 Population, Capital Invested in 88 Crop Productions of Australasia 59 Diamonds Exported by Brazil, Value of 181 Diamonds Exported by Cape Colony, Value of 46 Exports of Africa 46 Exports of Belize 174 Exports of Cuba 174 Exports of Hawaiian Islands 59 Exports of Hayti 174 Exports of Jamaica 174 Exports of Mexico 76 Exports of Philippine Islands 59 Exports of Porto Rico 174 {6} Exports of Society Islands 59 Exports of South America 181 Farm Animals in Australasia, Number of 62 Farm Crops, Comparative Value of 122 Farm Crops, 1870 to 1880, Increase in 164 Farms of Five Hundred Acres or Over Occupied by Owners 110 Farm Products, Comparative Yearly 112 Farm products, 1882, Comparison of 166 Fishery Products, 1880, Value of 170 Flouring and Grist Mills, Capital Invested in 142 Glassware, 1880, Capital Invested in Manufacture of 96 Gold and Silver Deposited at Mints and Assay Offices, 1793 to 1883 168 Gold Produced from Placer Fields in 1880 162 Granite Quarries, Capital Invested in 80 Hardware, Capital Invested in Manufacture of 90 Hides Exported by Brazil, Value of 181 Hogs on Farms, Number of 140 Hops Produced in West in 1880, Pounds of 138 Imports of Belize 174 Imports of Society Islands 59 Indigo Exported by Colombia, Value of 181 Lace, Production of, Europe 8 Lakes of South America, Area of 181 Land, Total Cultivated, Uncultivated and Timber 120 Lead Ore Mined, Annual Value of 124 Limestone and Marble Quarries, 1880, Capital Invested in 84 Linen Production of Europe 8 Lumber Products, 1880, Value of 136 Mineral Productions of Europe 8 Molasses Produced in 1880, Gallons of 118 Mules, Value of 126 Orchard Products per 1,000 Population, Value of 98 Ostrich Feathers Exported by Cape Colony, Value of 46 Oyster Fisheries, 1880, Value of 100 Peanuts, Annual Amount of Crop 102 Plate Glass Manufacture, 1880 132 Population, 1870 to 1880, Increase of 148 Rice Produced in 1880, Pounds of 108 Rivers of Africa, Length of 46 Rivers of Asia, Length of 36 Rivers of Europe, Length of 8 Rivers of South America, Length of 181 Rubber Exported by Brazil, Value of 181 Seal Fisheries, Annual Products of 74 Seas and Lakes of Asia, Areas of 36 Seas and Lakes of Europe, Areas of 8 Sheep in Territories, Comparative Number of 154 Silk Goods Manufactured, Value of 94 Silk Production of France 8 Silk Production of Italy 8 Silver Product of 1882 152 Slaughtering and Meat Packing Products, 1880 134 Sugar Exported by Brazil, Value of 181 Tea Imported by Great Britain 8 Tobacco Crop, 1882, Value of 128 Tobacco Exported by Brazil, Value of 181 Wheat and Corn, Amount Raised Yearly by Different Nations 150 Wheat Production 1870 to 1880, Increase in 144 Wool Product, in Pounds, 1880 130
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EUROPE.
Northwestern portion of Old World and smallest of its grand divisions. Extreme length northeast and southwest, 3500 miles extreme breadth, over 2,400 miles; coast line not less than 20,000 miles.
+-----------+-------------+---------------+------------ Divisions. | Area, | Population. | Capitals. | Population. | Sq. Miles.| | | -----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+------------ Andorra | 175 | 5,800 | Andorra | 1,000 Austro-Hungary | 240,942 | 37,883,226 | Vienna | 1,103,857 Belgium | 11,373 | 5,655,197 | Brussels | 389,782 Bulgaria | 24,360 | 2,007,919 | Sophia | 20,501 Denmark | 13,784 | 1,969,039 | Copenhagen | 273,323 England and Wales| 58,186 | 25,974,439 | London | 4,766,661 France | 204,177 | 37,672,048 | Paris | 2,269,023 Germany | 212,028 | 45,234,061 | Berlin | 1,122,360 Greece | 25,111 | 1,979,453 | Athens | 84,903 Ireland | 32,531 | 5,174,836 | Dublin | 418,910 Italy | 114,410 | 28,459,628 | Rome | 273,268 Montenegro | 3,550 | 250,000 | Cetigne | 2,000 Netherlands | 12,648 | 4,225,065 | The Hague | 127,931 Norway | 122,869 | 1,806,900 | Christiania | 124,155 Portugal | 36,510 | 4,306,554 | Lisbon | 246,343 Rumania | 48,307 | 5,376,060 | Bukharest | 221,805 Russia | 2,041,402 | 86,486,959 | St. Petersburg| 929,100 San Marino | 32 | 7,816 | San Marino | 6,000 Scotland | 29,820 | 3,735,573 | Edinburgh | 236,002 Servia | 18,800 | 1,865,683 | Belgrade | 37,500 Spain | 191,100 | 16,064,859 | Madrid | 397,816 Sweden | 170,979 | 4,603,595 | Stockholm | 194,469 Switzerland | 15,992 | 2,846,102 | Bern | 44,087 Turkey | 63,850 | 4,490,000 | Constantinople| 600,000 -----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+------------
LENGTHS OF RIVERS.
Miles. | Miles. Danube 1,725 | Loire 600 Don 1,300 | Oder 550 Dneiper 1,230 | Petchora 900 Dwina 700 | Rhine 600 Elbe 737 | Vistula 690 Kama 1,400 | Volga 2,400
AREAS SEAS AND LAKES.
Square Miles. Square Miles. Azov 14,000 | Geneva 336 Baltic 154,570 | Ladoga 5,190 Black 185,000 | Ogena 3,400 Constance 200 | Wener 3,120 Enara 685 | White 4,500
PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK.
Italy 6,600,000 lbs. | France 19,149,000 lbs.
LINEN.
Produced. Consumed. Russia 250,000 tons 90,000 tons Great Britain 26,000 " 130,000 " France 50,000 " 70,000 " Germany 15,000 " 35,000 " Netherlands 80,000 " 65,000 "
LACE.
Nottingham. Persons employed, 10,500. Value products, $29,782,980 The Continent. Persons employed, 535,000. Value products, 28,128,370
ANNUAL MINERAL PRODUCTIONS.
Lead, Cornwall 70,000 tons | Tin, Great Britain 15,000 tons Lead, Cordova 30,000 " | Quicksilver, Spain 1,000 " Coffee imported, Europe 270,000 tons Tea " Great Britain 140,000,000 lbs.
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GREAT BRITAIN.
The largest island of Europe, and forming, with Ireland and the adjacent islands, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The union of England and Ireland was effected January 1, 1800.
Area of the kingdom, 120,832 square miles. Pop., 35,241,482. The divisions are: England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. Capital, London; pop., 4,766,661. Thirty-five cities have over 75,000 population. Climate is variable but healthful. Average temperature, 50°. Rainfall, London, 25 inches; Glasgow, 21; and Dublin, 29.
Middle-class education is entirely unorganized; no complete, trustworthy statistics are to be had. There were, in 1884, 69 universities and colleges, with 23,823 students. In 1881, there were 1,855 schools of science, with 66,000 students. Number of public libraries, 202. The library of the British Museum has 32 miles of shelves, filled with books. Number of daily papers, 169.
Productive area in England is 80 per cent.; in Ireland, 74 per cent.; Scotland, 28.8 per cent.; Wales, 60 per cent. Leading crops in Great Britain, wheat, barley and oats. Acreage, 1884: wheat, 2,676,477; barley, 2,159,485; oats, 2,892,576. In Ireland, oats and potatoes are most important; acreage of former, 1,347,395; of latter, 798,942. Number of acres of flax, 89,197. Orchards of Great Britain cover 180,000 acres, and produce 85,000 tons of apples.
The most important minerals are coal and iron. In 1883, coal product was 163,737,327 tons; value, $230,270,715. Iron ore, 17,383,046 tons; value, $25,611,905. In 1883, 1,724,251 tons of pig iron were used in the manufacture of Bessemer steel, 1,097,174 tons of it being made into steel rails. Over 800 tons of steel are annually consumed in the manufacture of pens, Birmingham alone using 500 tons; the average yearly production is 800,000,000.
The annual value of the fisheries is $50,000,000. Herring fishery alone $10,000,000; salmon, $4,000,000; oysters and shell-fish, $10,000,000. Value of the Scotch fisheries alone in 1884 was $16,431,210, the herring fishery alone being $10,267,755. Total value of imports, 1884, $1,948,872,745; exports of home produce, $1,164,537,875; foreign and colonial produce, $312,218,575. Value of corn and flour imported 1882, $338,111,835. Value of cotton manufactures exported was $382,228,785.
There are 2,674 cotton factories, employing 482,903 persons. Total number of all factories, 7,105; number of persons employed, 975,546, of whom 110,585 are children under 13 years of age. Men employed, 38 per cent.; women, 62 per cent. Amount of cotton imported, 1883, 1,734,333,552 lbs.; wool, 495,946,779 lbs.
Standing army in time of peace unlawful without the consent of Parliament; annual appropriation of Commons for support of troops, based on "estimates" made by the Cabinet. For 1884 and 1885, home and colonial effectives and reserves, 644,753.
Previous to 1815 there was but little emigration from the United Kingdom; in that year the number was 2,081; in 1830-34, 381,956; 1875, 173,809; 1882, 413,288; and in 1884, 304,074, of whom 203,539 came to the United States.
First railway opened in 1825. In 1883, there were 18,681 miles of railway; 13,215 belonging to England and Wales, 2,964 to Scotland, and 2,502 to Ireland. Number of postoffices, 1884, 15,951; and, in addition, 15,749 road and pillar boxes. There are 27,604 miles of telegraph lines, and 140,498 miles of wire.
The colonies and dependencies of Great Britain have an estimated area of 8,000,000 square miles. Of this vast extent of territory, over 3,500,000 square miles are in America, over 250,000 in Africa, over 1,000,000 in Asia, and 3,000,000 in Australasia.
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BELGIUM. Bel´je-[)u]m.
A kingdom of West Central Europe. Formerly united with Holland to form the Netherlands. Independence achieved in 1830. Executive power is vested in a King; legislative, in King, Senate and House of Representatives.
The most densely populated of the European countries, Belgium ranks eighteenth in area, but ninth in population. Area, 11,373 square miles. One-sixtieth of the territory artificially gained by means of dykes. Length of canal and river system, 995 miles. Capital, Brussels. Population, 389,782.