Chapter 89
The Peruvian Corporation Railway--The Land of the Incas--Lake Titicaca--Bolivia--Chile--The Argentine--A Last Narrow Escape--Back in England
LIMA is a beautiful city, as everybody knows. Its wonderful churches, its clean streets, its commerce, the great charm of the people--indeed, the Peruvians are the most cultivated and polished people in South America, and the women the most beautiful--make it one of the most attractive cities I visited on that continent.
I was, nevertheless, anxious to return quickly to Europe. I had no strength left. The mental strain on that long journey had been so great that I had lost my memory altogether.
Owing to the great kindness of the British Minister, Mr. C. des Graz, and of Mr. Mockill, the chief of the Peruvian Corporation at Lima, arrangements were made for me to travel in luxurious comfort through the country of the Incas--so that, although terribly exhausted, I decided to take a further journey in the interior of Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.
I left Lima five days after my arrival, on February 5th, going by steamer to the port of Mollendo, where I arrived on February 7th. There I met the railway line of the Peruvian Corporation from the sea coast to Arequipa and Cuzco. A magnificent private car had been placed at my disposal by the Peruvian Corporation, in which I was able to make myself comfortable for the several days which the journey lasted. Not only so, but the Peruvian Corporation kindly looked after my welfare in a most thoughtful way during the whole time I travelled on their line, for which I am indeed extremely grateful, as the travelling in that country would have otherwise been less pleasant.
The railroad from Mollendo went along the coast among curious eroded rocks of great interest; then gradually left the sea among sand-dunes and mounds upon the wide beach.
As the railway began to get higher and higher upon the steep gradient the scenery became more and more beautiful. Presently we found ourselves overlooking a wonderful flat valley between two high hill ranges in lovely green patches, cut with geometrical precision, and well cultivated. Giant cacti of the candelabrum type were plentiful. Farther on we got upon an elevated plateau with a white surface of pumice-stone, followed by red volcanic sand--an immense stretch of country surrounded by low hills of grey tufa and red volcanic rock.
Beyond that we came to a most interesting region of sand-dunes of extraordinary shapes, where the under soil was of a brilliant red, while the sand accumulations were of a grey colour. Some of the dunes were crescent-shaped. They stood usually in sets or rows extending from north-west to south-east. Then there were high mounds, also of sand, and dunes of all kinds, some with a double crescent, or with the inside of the crescent much indented, others with multiple concave curves. The concavity of all those dunes was on the north-east side.
I had seen a similar formation of dunes in the Salt Desert of Persia; also in the south-western desert of Afghanistan and in the northern desert of Beluchistan; but I do not remember ever having seen such a perfect formation of dunes as that to be seen in this part of Peru.
Beyond that sandy zone we had before us a red plateau with fluted sides. Great mounds of blackened volcanic sand were quite frequent, the railway winding its way around immense basins formed by depressions in the land. Then we entered a beautiful green narrow valley along a streamlet intersecting the plateau.
From Mollendo the railway gradually rose to an elevation of 2,301 m. (7,549 ft.) at Arequipa, where I remained for the night.
Arequipa was an interesting city with its picturesque arcades, its magnificent church of Spanish architecture with marvellous ancient wood carvings, and its prettily-laid-out gardens. I visited the astronomical observatory of Harvard College, a few miles from the town, where excellent work is being done in star photography from that eminently suitable spot for the study of the sky. The observatory was situated at an elevation of 8,060 ft. It worked in conjunction with the Harvard observatory in North America. By having thus one station north and another south of the equator, the observations made by that institution included the stars in all parts of the sky from the North to the South Pole. A 24-inch Bruce photographic telescope, a 13-inch Boyden telescope, an 8-inch Bache telescope, and a 4-inch meridian photometer were the principal instruments used at the Arequipa station.
I left Arequipa on the morning of February 9th, going through country of volcanic tufa and red sand, with immense furrows quite devoid of vegetation. Occasionally we came upon great masses of boulders cast by some volcanic force upon the surface of tufa and sand. Then the railway gracefully climbed in great curves over a plateau nearly 14,000 ft. high, where tufts of grass could be seen, giving a greenish appearance to the landscape.
We travelled along that great table-land, occasionally seeing a herd of llamas stampede away at the approach of the train, now and then observing circular stone walls erected by shepherds as shelters. A gable-roofed hut was occasionally seen. Picturesque natives in their _ponchos_ and red or yellow scarves gazed, astonished, at the train throbbing along slowly upon the steep gradient of that elevated barren country. The cold seemed intense after the tropical heat of Lima. It was snowing hard. In the daytime I generally travelled seated in front of the engine, in order to have a better view of the landscape. In the train everybody suffered from _soroche_ or mountain-sickness, which attacked most people when brought up quickly by the railway from the sea to such high elevations. I was driven away from the front of the engine by the cold rain and sleet beating with great force into my face, and obscuring the landscape to such an extent that I could see nothing at all.
When it cleared up we were travelling in a region of marshes and pools in the lowest point of depressions, then along a magnificent lake with green and brown fantastically-shaped mountains and hills in the foreground, and a high snowy range in the background. The effects of light when the storm was raging over the lake, with its conical and semi-spherical islands dotting the water, were intensely picturesque.
After that the plateau became less interesting. We descended gradually some 400 m. (1,312 ft.) to the junction of Juliaca, 3,825 m. (12,550 ft.) above the sea level.
At that place the luxurious car which had taken me there had to be switched off from the Puno Line to the Cuzco Line.
I had dinner in the hotel, and again was impressed by the great honesty of the Peruvian people in the interior, and their considerate manners. It was somewhat curious to see the Indian waiter--most clumsy, dressed up in uncomfortable and ill-fitting European clothes--waiting on a medley of strange passengers, such as red-faced Spanish priests, tidy, smooth, oily-haired Peruvians, and talkative commercial travellers. But all--whether fat or lean, rich or poor, Indian or Peruvian--were the essence of politeness and thoughtfulness.
Being able to sleep in the luxurious car, where I had two good bedrooms, my own kitchen, and a sitting-room, I was indeed extremely comfortable.
I left again on February 10th over a great flat grassy tableland, with hills terraced up for cultivation. We passed an old church with a wonderful dome, and behind it snow-capped blue mountains.
The women wore peculiar hats with flapping edges in order to protect their faces from the wind. A black cloth was generally worn over the women's heads under the hat, while over their shoulders hung dark green or purple _ponchos_.
The Indians of that region showed remarkably strong Malay features.
The train steamed through the wide grassy valley, once crossing a fairly large stream. High snowy peaks loomed against the sky on our right, while we were travelling all the time at elevations varying from 3,531 m. (11,584 ft.) at Sicuani to 4,313 m. (14,150 ft.) at La Raya. The cold seemed intense. I got quite frozen sitting on the engine.
Quantities of llamas and sheep grazing were now to be seen on the land, foot-passengers and horsemen crossing the valley in all directions. At the stations large crowds of picturesque women squatted down selling pottery and fruit.
The farther we got into the interior the more picturesque the hats became. The women there wore hats with rectangular gold-braided brims, and with white, red or blue curtains at the sides. The men had pointed woollen caps with ear-flaps. The women were garbed in ample pleated skirts. Curiously enough, while the head and body were so well protected, most of them had bare legs and feet, the skirts reaching only just below the knee.
Near villages one saw neat patches of land turned, with trouble, into vegetable gardens. Stone enclosures were used by the natives as shelters for the animals during storms and to pen them up at night. The people themselves lived in stone huts.
The country reminded me forcibly of Tibet, and so, in a way, did the people--short and stumpy and smothered in clothes. I frequently noticed cairns of stones like the _obos_ typical of Tibet and of the Himahlyas. There, too, as in Tibet, it seemed the fashion for passers-by to place a white stone on those cairns in order to bring good luck.
The men were curiously garbed in short, wide white woollen trouserettes, reaching just below the knees and split behind just over the calf. Under those they wore another pair of trousers, slightly longer. Their coats were short and tight, resembling Eton jackets. They wore wide and much embroidered belts, red and blue being their favourite colours.
An accident had happened to a bridge. It had collapsed, so that the trains could not proceed. Thanks to the great thoughtfulness of Mr. Mockill and his inspector of the line, Mr. Blaisdell, another private car, equally comfortable, had been sent down from Cuzco to the bridge. My baggage was transferred on men's backs to the opposite side of the stream. With the delay of only an hour or so I was able to proceed on another train to Cuzco, where I arrived that same evening.
The city of Cuzco is situated at an elevation of 11,062 ft. above the sea level. In its vicinity the most important remains of Inca civilization have been found. The city itself was most interesting. Its handsome Spanish cathedral had a façade of beautifully designed columns and a fine central doorway. The great bell in one of the towers contained a large quantity of gold in the bronze, giving wonderful resonance to its vibrating notes. A solid silver altar of great height was to be admired in the interior of the cathedral, while the chancel was of marvellously carved wood. So was a supplementary altar which had been stored away behind the silver one.
The principal square of Cuzco had recently been paved with cement, on which none of the natives could be induced to walk, as they were afraid of slipping, accustomed as they were to the roughest cobble-stone paving of their streets. Only the gentry of the city could be seen treading with great care on the polished pavement, and were looked upon with much admiration by the lower natives, who stared aghast from the porticoes around the square. In the centre of the square was a cheap terra-cotta statue of the Indian hero Atahualpa surmounting a fountain painted of a ghastly green. The gardens were nicely laid out with pretty lawns. Another beautiful church rose in the _plaza_, the doorway of which was also handsome, but not comparable in beauty with that of the cathedral. The stone carvings of its façade were nevertheless remarkable. There were arcades on three sides of the _plaza_, the houses being generally only one storey high above them. The buildings were painted light blue, pink, green, or bright yellow, the columns of beautifully cut stone being also covered with hideous paint to match.
Thanks to the kindness of the President of the Republic, Mr. B. B. Legujia, a telegram had been sent asking the Prefect of Cuzco to give me every possible assistance in visiting the Inca ruins in the neighbourhood. The Prefect, Mr. J. J. V. Cuñer, kindly placed at my disposal three excellent horses and an orderly.
It is seldom one can visit a place where the people have more primitive habits than in the city of Cuzco. The streets, so wonderfully picturesque, were not fit to walk upon. The people threw into them all that can be thrown out of the houses, which possess no sanitary arrangements of any kind. Much of the pleasure of looking at the magnificent Inca walls--constructed of great blocks of stone so well fitted that no cement was necessary to hold them together--was really lost through being absolutely stifled by the suffocating odour which was everywhere prevalent in Cuzco.
The photographs that are reproduced in the illustrations of this book will give an idea of the grandeur of the Inca works better than any description. As I intend to produce at a later date a special work on that country, I am unable here to go fully into the history of the marvellous civilization of that race.
A photograph will be seen in one of the illustrations showing the immensity of the three-walled fortress of Sacsayhuaman. Another photograph will show with what accuracy the Incas could carve stone--which, mind you, in those days must have been much softer than it is now, and not unlike the sandstone that is used in England for building purposes.
Many curious subterranean passages were to be found on the mountains near Cuzco, the entrances to which were among picturesque rocks. The Incas seemed to have a regular mania for carving steps and angular channels in rocks. Not far from the fortress could be found the place of recreation of the Incas--the Rodadeiro--over which the Incas tobogganed, perhaps sitting on hides. Thousands and thousands of people must have gone in for the sport, as the solid rock was deeply grooved by the friction of the persons who have slid on it.
The remains of ancient altars for the worship of the sun and an Inca throne, where the king of the Incas must have sat while battles were taking place, were indeed most interesting to examine.
More interesting than any other to me was the particular spot on the mountain side where a kind of throne existed carved out of a huge block of rock, and where a battle of the Incas against their enemies could be reconstructed. Mounds of ammunition, consisting of round stones as big as a lawn-tennis ball, had been accumulated above and near the throne. Just below that high spot I found scattered upon the mountain side quantities of ammunition which had evidently been thrown by the Incas at the attacking foes.
Farther on was the "round table" where the Incas had their feasts--a huge circular table of rock situated near a conical boulder of immense size.
Interesting fountains with carved figure-heads; an Inca bath of graceful lines; and, some kilometres beyond Cuzco, the marvellous ruins of Viraccocha at Tinta, where gigantic walls of a palace were to be seen standing, and ruins of other fortresses filled one with amazement.
On the mountain side near the town were the strange gateways of Choquechaca, which in their lines resembled ancient Egyptian buildings. Not far off were the blocks of rock to which the Incas fastened their prisoners by their legs, arms and heads, and exposed them to the ridicule of the populace.
Many were the wonderful things which had been found in digging near Cuzco; but most interesting of all to me were the deformed crania--some flattened to almost an incredible extent on the top, others elongated backward to an amazing degree, others still with the central part of the skull deeply depressed, so as to form two globular swellings at the sides. Others, again, had been squeezed so as to form an angular ridge longitudinally on the summit. One skull particularly interested me, which had a pronounced elongation backward, and a dent just above the forehead which must have been caused by tying the cranium while young and still in a soft condition. Most of the skulls were of gigantic size when compared with those of modern times. The lower part was under-developed. Many of them possessed magnificent teeth.
Several of the skulls had been trephined, evidently while the person was still alive, some of the perforations in the brain-case being circular in shape, others quadrangular--most of the trephinations having been made in the forehead, others on the top of the skull. I saw one skull with as many as eleven apertures thus made. The operation had evidently been performed by a very able surgeon, for the little cap of bone removed fitted beautifully into the opening that had been made.
The Incas were great architects. They had an absolute craving for carving rock. They made models of their fortresses and palaces in blocks of hard stone, some of these being of remarkable perfection in their detail.
The pottery, red earthen vessels with geometrical designs upon them, was most interesting, especially the large jars which must have been used for fermenting wine. Those jars of a typical shape must have rested on a pedestal of wood, as they ended in a point at the bottom, which prevented their standing up on a flat surface. Two handles were attached to the lower part of those jars, and also to the great bottles in which they kept wine.
The Incas used tumblers, enamelled in red and green, and of most graceful shape.
They were fond of ornamenting their bottles and vessels with representations of human heads, reproduced with considerable artistic fidelity. Other bottles represented strange gnawing faces, with expanded eyes and a fierce moustache.
Judging from the representations of figures on their jars, the people in those days wore their hair in little plaits round the head. Heads of llamas sculptured in stone or else modelled in earthenware were used as vessels.
The Incas made serviceable mortars for grinding grain, of polished hard rock, mostly of a circular shape, seldom more than two feet in diameter.
The matrimonial stone was interesting enough. It was a double vessel carved out of a solid stone, a perforation being made in the partition between the two vessels. It seems, when marriages were performed, that the Incas placed a red liquid in one vessel and some water in the other, the perforation in the central partition being stopped up until the ceremony took place, when the liquids were allowed to mingle in emblem of the union of the two lives. Curious, too, was the pipe-like arrangement, called the _kenko_, ornamented with a carved jaguar head, also used at their marriage ceremonies.
Their stone axes and other implements were of extraordinary interest--their rectangularly-shaped stone knives, the star- and cross-shaped heads for their war clubs, as well as the star-shaped weights which they used for offensive purposes, attached, perhaps, to a sling. Many were the weapons of offence made of stone which have been found near Cuzco, some of which were used by holding in the hand, others attached to sticks.
The Incas were fairly good sculptors, not only in stone but also in moulding human figures and animals in silver and gold. Llamas, deer, long-nosed human-faced idols were represented by them with fidelity of detail, although perhaps not so much accuracy in the general proportions. At a later date the Incas used metal implements, such as small rakes and chisels for smoothing rock. They made hair-pins and ear-rings, chiefly of a mixture of gold, silver, lead and copper.
I saw at Cuzco a stone arrangement which was used by the Incas for washing and milling gold. Many ornaments of silex, agate and emerald, and also of coral, which had evidently been brought there from the coast, have also been found near Cuzco.
The spoons and knives which the Incas used were generally made of gold, with representations of heads attached to them. The average length of these articles was from two to four inches.
I left the city on Friday, February 16th, going back the way I had come as far as the junction of Juliaca.
The Cuzco railway, to my mind, crosses the most beautiful and most interesting scenery of any railway I have ever seen. It is a pity that more English people do not travel by it. The great elevation makes people suffer from mountain-sickness, and that perhaps deters many travellers from attempting the journey. The railway has to contend with great natural difficulties--land-slides, which often stop traffic for days at a time, being frequent.
From Cuzco I went direct to Lake Titicaca, where more Inca ruins, such as the cylindrical towers of Sillistayni, existed at Puno. Lake Titicaca is a heavenly sheet of water, situated at an elevation by hypsometrical apparatus of 12,202 ft. With its magnificent background of snowy peaks, the lake looked indeed too impressive for words, as I steamed across it in the excellent steamer of the Peruvian Corporation.
Early in the morning of February 17th, having travelled the entire night in order to cross the lake from north to south, we arrived at Guaqui, the port for La Paz, the capital of Bolivia. Although I travelled in the most luxurious comfort, owing to the kindness of the Peruvian Corporation, the journey by rail and the going about examining the ruins at Cuzco had tired me considerably. My brain was so exhausted that it would really take in no more.
Worse luck, when I reached La Paz it was during carnival time, when it was impossible to go out of the hotel without being smothered in cornflour or chalk, and sprinkled with aniline dyed water. Even bottles of ink were emptied on one's head from the windows. So that, although I crossed Bolivia from one end to the other in its longest part, I was unable to do any further work. I tried to get down to the coast as quickly as possible in order to return home.
La Paz was a beautiful city, extremely neat, with bright red-tiled roofs and white buildings. It was situated in a deep hollow surrounded by a great barrier of mountains. So deep and sudden was the hollow that within a few metres of its upper edge one would never suppose a town to be at hand. Bolivia is a go-ahead country in which English people are greatly interested. We have in our Minister there, Mr. Gosling, a very able representative of British interests.
Bolivians have shown great enterprise in building railways in all directions in order properly to develop their enormously wealthy country. Many important lines are in construction; others are projected--of which, perhaps, the most interesting will be the one from Santa Cruz to Corumba on the Brazilian boundary.
The day will come when the port of Arica on the Pacific Ocean will be joined to Oruro, on the Antofagasta line, the well-known junction in Bolivia, and eventually to Santa Cruz. The present plan is to build a line from the already existing railway at Cochabamba to Porto Velarde on the Rio Grande (Rio Mamore), then to Santa Cruz. The Brazilians on their side will eventually connect São Paulo with Cuyaba and Corumba. It will then be possible to travel by rail right across the South American continent in its richest part.
There is also a project of connecting Santa Cruz with Embarcacion and Campo Santo, in the Argentine Republic, and eventually with the Trans-Andine Railway.
Other smaller lines projected are those between Potosí and Sucre, and one from the Chilian boundary at La Quiada to Tarija. That system of railways will greatly develop the entire southern portion of Bolivia. A small railway is also proposed in the most northern part of the Republic, between Riberalta on the River Madre de Dios and Guajara Merim on the Madeira-Mamore railway, a district of immense wealth for the production of rubber.
The exact elevation of La Paz by hypsometrical apparatus was 12,129 ft.
I left La Paz on February 21st, and travelled through flat, alluvial, uninteresting country--only a huge flock of llamas or vicuñas enlivening the landscape here and there, or a group of Indians in their picturesque costumes. The women, with their green, violet or red shawls and much-pleated short skirts, generally blue, afforded particularly gay patches of colour.
I saw a beautiful effect of mirage near the lake in the vicinity of Oruro, as I was on the railway to Antofagasta. We were going through flat country most of the time. It had all the appearance of having once been a lake bottom. Perhaps that great Titicaca Lake formerly extended as far south as Lake Poopo, which is connected with Lake Titicaca by the River Desaguadero. In fact, if I am not far wrong, the two lakes formed part, in days gone by, of one single immense lake. The mountains on our right as we went southwards towards Oruro showed evidence that the level of the then united lakes must have reached, in days gone by, some 150 ft. higher than the plain on which we were travelling. The low undulations on our left had evidently been formed under water in the lake bottom.
The junction of Oruro, from which the Cochabamba railway branches, was quite a large place, of 8,000 inhabitants, but with no particularly striking buildings. Tin and silver mining was carried on in the surrounding mountains.
From Oruro I continued the journey to Antofagasta via Uyuni. Immense deposits of borax were to be seen all along the line from the station of Ulaca; then we came to a most beautiful sight--the volcano of Ollagüe, 12,123 ft. above the sea level. It looked like a giant dome, snow-capped, and smoking on its southern side. Its slopes were fairly regular, and of most brilliant colouring, red and blue. Near the volcano were mounds of mud and shattered rock. Ollagüe stood on the boundary between Bolivia and Chile.
After passing San Martin, the first station on the Chilian side, the railway skirted the bed of an ancient lake, an immense circular flat stretch with deposits of sand and borax, in which could be seen occasional pools of stagnant water. On the west side stood a high three-peaked mountain covered with snow, while at the southern end of that plain was a charming lakelet. We had no sooner left this beautiful view than we had before us to the south-west an immense conical mountain, flat-topped. It looked just like the well-known Fujiyama of Japan, only more regular in its sloping lines.
We passed the works of a Borax Company, which were between the stations of Sebollar and Ascotan. There was to be seen another immense lake of borax, some 40 kil. (24 miles) long.
I arrived that evening at Antofagasta, and was fortunate enough to get on board one of the Pacific Mail Line steamers the next morning on my way to Valparaiso. We were now in the height of civilization again--very hot, very uncomfortable, very ambitious, very dirty, the hotels abominable. Had it not been for the kindness of friends I should have fared badly indeed in Valparaiso, for the place was invaded by a swarm of American tourists, who had just landed from an excursion steamer and rendered the place unbearable.
From Valparaiso, as soon as it was possible to obtain accommodation, I travelled across the Andes and as far as Buenos Aires by the Trans-Andine railway. The scenery on this line was most disappointing to any one who has seen the Andes in their real grandeur farther north; but for the average traveller the journey may prove interesting enough, although hot, dull, dusty, and not particularly comfortable.
While I was travelling on the railway between Mendoza and Buenos Aires there was a serious strike of railway employés. The railway had been attacked at many different points. Amateur engineers and attendants ran the trains. We were only two hours from Buenos Aires. The heat and dust were intense as we crossed the great pampas. The shaking of the train had tired me to such an extent that I placed a pillow on the ledge of the open window, and was fast asleep with my head half outside the carriage, when I woke up startled by the sound of an explosion. I found myself covered with quantities of débris of rock. A huge stone, as big as a man's head or bigger, had been thrown with great force at the passing train by the strikers, and had hit the side of my window only about three inches above my head, smashing the woodwork and tearing off the metal frame of the window. Had it struck a little lower it would have certainly ended my journey for good.
As it was I arrived in Buenos Aires safely. A few days later I was on my way to Rio de Janeiro, by the excellent steamer _Aragon_. Shortly after, by the equally good vessel _Araguaya_, of the Royal Mail Steamship Company, I returned to England, where I arrived in broken health on April 20th, 1912. It was a relief to me to land at Southampton, with all my notes, the eight hundred photographs I had taken, and the maps which I had made of the regions traversed.
APPENDIX
SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL PLANTS OF BRAZIL
(C.) = Colouring and Tanning. (C.W.) = Woods good for Construction. (M.) = Medicinal. (F.) = Fibrous. (R.) = Resinous. (P.) = Palms. (L.) = Lactiferous. (O.) = Oliferous. (S.) = Starchy. (T.) = Tanning.
_Alocasia macrorhiza_ Schott Inhame (S.) _Anchietea salutaris_ St. Hil. Cipo suma (M.) _Andira spectabilis_ Sald. Angelim Pedra (C.W.) _Andira vermifuga_ Angelim amargoso (C.W.) _Apuleia præcox_ M. Grapiapunha (F.) _Arachis hypogoea_ L. Amendoim (O.) _Araucaria Brasiliana_ Lamb Pinho do Paraná (C.W.) _Aristoiochia_ (various kinds) Jarrinha (M.) _Asclepia curassavica_ L. Official da sala (M.) _Aspidosperma dasycarpon_ A.D.C. Peroba rosa (C.W.) " _eburneum_ Fr. All. Pequia marfim " " _leucomelum_ Waring. Peroba parda " " _macrocarpum_ M. Guatambú " " _polyneuron_ M. Arg. Peroba amarella " " _sessiliflorum_ Fr. All. Pequia amarello " " _sp._ Peroba revessa " _Astronium fraxinifolium_ Schott Gonçalo Alves " _Attalea funifera_ M. Piassava (P.) _Bertholletia excelsa_ H.B.K. Castanha do Pará (O.) _Bignoniaceas_ (various kinds) Caroba (M.) _Bixa orellana_ L. Urucú (C.) _Boerhavia hirsuta_ Willd. Herva-tostão (M.) _Bromelia_ (various kinds) Caragoatá (F.) (S.) _Brunfelsia Hopeana_ Benth. Manacá (M.) _Byrsonima_ (various kinds) Muricy (C.) _Cabralea cangerana_ Sald. Cangerana (C.W.) _Cæsalpinia echinata_ Lam. Pao Brasil " _Cæsalpinia ferrea_ M. Pao Ferro (C.W.) _Calophyllum brasiliense_ C. Guanandy (R.) _Capaifera_ (various kinds) Copahyba (O.) _Cassia_ (two kinds) Canafistula (F.) _Cayaponia_ (various kinds) Cayapó (M.) _Cecropia_ (various kinds) Embauba (F.) _Cedrera fissilis_ Vell. Cedro vermelho (C.W.) _Centrolobium robustum_ M. Arariba amarello " " _tomentosum_ Benth. " rosa " _Chiococca anguifuga_ M. Cipo cruz (M.) _Chrysophyllum glyciphloeum_ Cazar Buranhen (C.W.) " " " Monesia (M.) _Cissampelos_ (various kinds) Abútua (M.) _Ciusta criuva_ Cambess Manguerana (F.) _Cocos nucifera_ L. Coqueiro Bahia (P.) _Coffea arabica_ L. Caféeiro _Copaifera guaianensis_ Desf. Copahyba (C.W) _Copernicia cerifera_ M. Carnahubeira (C.W.) (P.) _Cordia alliodora_ Cham. Louro (C.W.) _Couratari estrellensis_ Raddi Jequitiba Vermelho (C.W.) _Coutarea hexandra_ Schum Quina-quina (M.) _Cuscuta_ (various kinds) Cipo chumbo (M.) _Dalbergia nigra_ Fr. All. Jacarandá cabiuna (C.W.) _Dioscoreas batatas_ D.C. Cará (S.) _Drimys granatensis_ Mutis Casca d'anta (M.) _Echyrosperum Balthazarii_ Fr. All. Vinhatico amarello (C.W.) _Eloeis guineensis_ L. Dendé (P.) _Erythrina corallodendron_ L. Mulungú (M.) _Esenbeckia febrifuga_ M. Laran do Matto (M.) " _leiocarpa_ Guarantan (C.W.) _Eugenia durissima_ Ubatinga (C.W.) _Euterpe edulis_ M. Palmito (P.) " _oleracea_ L. Assahy (P.) _Favillea deltoidea_ Cogu Fava de S. Ignacio (O.) _Ficus_ (various species) Figueiras (L.) _Genipa Americana_ L. Genipapo (C.) _Gesnera alagophylla_ M. Batata do campo (M.) _Gossipum_ (various kinds) Algodoeiro _Harncornia speciosa_ M. Mangabeira (L.) _Hedychium coron-koen_ Lyrio do brejo (S.) _Hymencæa courbaril_ L. Jatahy (C.W.) (R.) _Ilex paraguayensis_ St. Hil. Maté (M.) _Inga edulis_ M. Inga-assú (C.W.) _Ipomoea jalapa_ Pursh. Jalapa (M.) _Jatropha curcas_ L. Pinhão de purga (O.) _Johannesia princeps_ Vell. Anda-assú (O.) _Lafoensia_ (various kinds) Pacuri (C.) _Laguncularia rac._ Gaertu. Mangue branco (F.) _Landolphia_ (various kinds) Pacouri (L.) _Lecythis grandiflora_ Berg. Sapucaia commun (C.W.) " _ollaria_ Piso " -assú " " _ovata_ Cambess " mirim " _Lisianthus pendulus_ M. Genciana Brazil (M.) _Machærium Alemanni_ Benth. Jacarandá violeta (C.W.) " _incorruptibile_ Fr. All. " rosa " " _leucopterum_ Vog. " tan " _Maclura_ (two kinds) Tajuba (C.) " _affinis_ Mig. " (C.W.) _Malvaceas_ (various kinds) Guaxima (F.) _Manicaria saccifera_ G. Ubussú (P.) _Manihot_ (two kinds) Mandioca (S.) " Maniçoba (L.) _Mauritia vinifera_ M. Burity (P.) _Melanoxylon brauna_ Schott Guarauna (C.W.) _Mespilodaphne sassafras_ Meissn. Canella sassafraz (C.W.) _Mikania_ (various kinds) Guaco (M.) _Mimusops_ (various kinds) Massaranduba (L.) " _elata_ Er. All. " Grande (C.W.) _Moldenhauera floribunda_ Schrad Grossahy azeite (C.W.) _Moquilea tomentosa_ Benth. Oity " _Musa_ (various kinds) Bananeira _Myracroduon urundeuva_ Fr. All. Urindueva (C.W.) _Myristica_ (two kinds) Bucu huba (O.) _Myrocarpus erythroxylon_ Fr. All. Oleo vermelho (C.W.) " _frondosus_ " pardo (C.W.) _Myrsine_ and _Rapanea_ (various kinds) Copororoca (F.) _Nectandra amara_ Meissn. Canella parda (C.W.) " _mollis_ Meissn. " preta " " _myriantha_ Meissn. " capitão-mor " _Nicotina tabacum_ L. (various kinds) Fumo _Operculina convolvulus_ M. Batata de purga (M.) _Oreodaphne Hookeriana_ Meissn. Itauba preta (C.W.) _Paullinia sorbilis_ M. Guaraná (M.) _Pilocarpus pinnatifolius_ Jaborandy (M.) _Piper umbellatum_ L. Pariparoba (M.) _Piptadenia rigida_ Benth Angico (C.W.) (F.) _Protium_ (various kinds) Almecega (R.) _Psidium acutangulum_ M. Araça pyranga (C.W.) _Psychotria ipec._ M.A. Poaya legitima (M.) _Pterodon pubëscens_ Faveiro (C.W.) _Renealmia occident._ P. and E. Capitiú (M.) _Rhizophora Mangle_ L. Mangue verm. (F.) _Rhopala Gardnerii_ Meissn. Carvalho Vermelho (C.W.) _Ricinus communis_ L. Mamoneira (O.) _Saccharum officin._ L. (various kinds) Canna de assucar _Sanserieria_ (two kinds) Espada (F.) _Schinus terebenthifolius_ Raddi Aroeira (C.W.) (R.) _Silvia navalium_ Fr. All. Tapinhoã (C.W.) _Siphonia elastica_ (_Hevea_) (various kinds) Seringueira (L.) _Smilax_ (various kinds) Japecanga (M.) _Solanum_ (various kinds) Jurubeba (M.) _Strychnos macroacanthos_ P. Quassia (M.) _Stryphnodendron barbatimão_ M. Barbatimão (C.W.) (T.) _Styracaceas_ (various kinds) Estoraqueiro (R.) _Syphonia globulifera_ L.F. Anany (R.) _Tecoma araliacea_ P.D.C. Ipé una (C.W.) " _pedicellata_ Bur. and K. Sch. Ipé tabaco " _Terminalia acuminata_ Fr. All. Guarajuba " _Theobroma cacao_ L. Cacaoeiro _Tournefortia_ (various kinds) Herva de Lagarto (M.) _Vanilla_ (three kinds) Baunilha (M.) _Vitex Montevidensis_ Cham. Taruman (C.W.) _Vouacapoua Americana_ Aubl. Acapú (C.W.) _Xanthosoma sagit._ Schott Tayoba (S.) _Xylopia_ (various kinds) Embira (F.)
MAMMALS
_Atele paniscus_ Coatá _Balsena australis_ Baleia austral _Bradypus tridactylus_ Preguiça _Callithrix scicuria_ Saymiri do Pará _Canis brasiliensis_ Aguarachaim " _jubatus_ Guará _Cavia cobaya_ Cobaya _Cebus appella_ Macaco chorão _Cercolabos prehensilis_ Coandú _Cervus dama_ Gamo " _elaphus_ Veado " _rufus_ Guazú-Pita _Coeelogenys pacca_ Pacca _Dasyprocta aguti_ Cotia _Dasypus novemcinctus_ Tatú de cauda comprida _Delphinus amazonicus_ Golfinho _Dicotyles labiatus_ Porco queixada branco " _torquatus_ Caetitú canella ruiva _Didelphis azuræ_ Gambà " _marsupialis_ Philandra _Felis concolor_ Sussuarana " _onça_ Jaguar " _pardalis_ Jaguatirica _Gallictis barbara_ Irara _Hapale jacchus_ Ouistití or mico _Hydrochoerus capibara_ Capivara _Lepus brasiliensis_ Coelho _Lutra brasiliensis_ Ariranha _Manatus australis_ Peixe-boi do Pará _Mephitis suffocans_ Jacarecaguá _Myrmecophaga jutaba_ Tamanduá bandeira _Nasua socialis_ Caotí de bando " _solitaria_ " " mundeo _Phyllostoma spectrum_ Vampiro _Procyon concrivorus_ Guaxinim _Sciurus æstuans_ Caxinguelê _Tapirus americanus_ Anta _Vespertilio auritus_ Morcego orelhudo " _murinus_ " commun
BIRDS
_Ajaja_ Colhereiro _Alauda arvensis_ Cotovia _Amazona amazonica_ Curiça _Amazona brasiliensis_ Papagaio _Ampelis atropurpurea_ Cotinga vermelha do Pará _Anumbius anumbi_ Cochicho _Ara ararauna_ Arara azul " _macao_ " piranga " _nobilis_ Maracanã _Aramides saracura_ Saracura _Aramus scolopaceus_ Carão _Ardea Socoi_ João Grande _Ateleodacius speciosa_ Sahi _Belonopterus cayannensis_ Quero-quero _Brotogeris tirica_ Periquito _Cacicus cela_ Checheo _Cairina moschata_ Pato do matto _Calospiza pretiosa_ Sahira _Calospiza toraxica_ Sahira verde _Caprimulgus cericeocaudalus_ Curiango _Cathartes atratus_ Urubú _ " Papa_ " roi _Ceryle amazona_ Martim pescador _Charadrius dominicus_ Tarambola _Chasmorhychus nudicolis_ Araponga _Chauna cristata_ Tachan _Chiromachæris gutturosus_ Corrupião _Colaptes campestris_ Pica-pão _Columba domestica_ Pombo domestico _ " turtur_ Rõla _Conurus jendaya_ Nandaya _Corvus corax_ Corvo _Crax alector_ Hocco do Pará _ " pinima_ Mutum _Creciscus exilis_ Frango d'agua verde _Crypturus japura_ Macucan _ " notivagus_ Jahó _ " rufescens_ Tinamú ruivo _ " scolopax_ Juó _ " soui_ Turury _ " variegatus_ Inhambú anhanga _Dacnis cayana_ Sahi azul _Dendrocygna fulva_ Marreca peba _ " viduata_ Irerê _Donacubius articapillus_ Japacamin _Eudocimus ruber_ Guará _Euphonia aurea_ Gaturamo amarello _Eurypyga helias_ Pavão do Pará _Falco destructor_ Harpya _ " haliætus_ Aguia _ " sparverius_ Falcão _Fringilla carduelis_ Pintasilgo _Fulica armillata_ Carqueja _Furnarius rufus_ João de barro _Gallinago delicata_ Narceja _ " gigantea_ Gallinhola _Grotophaga ani_ Anú _Glaucidium brasilianum_ Caburé _Heterospizias meridionalis_ Gavião caboclo _Hycter americanus_ Can-can _Ibis rubra_ Ibis escarlate _Jacamaralcyon tridactyla_ Beija flor bicudo _Jonornis martinica_ Frango d'agua azul _Lauru macubipennis_ Gaivota _Leptotila rufaxilla_ Juruty _Loxia cardinalis_ Cardeal _Meleagris gallopavo_ Perú _Microdactylus cristatus_ Seriema _Minus lividus_ Sabiá da praia _Milvago Chimachim_ Caracará _ " chimango_ Chimango _Molothrus bonariensis_ Vira-bosta _Molybdophanes coerules_ Maçarico real _Morinella interpres_ Batuira _Mucivora tyrannus_ Tesoura _Myopsitta monachus_ Catorrita _Myothera rex_ Myothera real _Nomomyx dominicus_ Can-can _Nothura maculosa_ Codorna _Nyctidromus albicolis derbyanus_ Bacuraú _Odontophorus capueira_ Urú _Opisthocomus cristatus_ Cigana _Oriolus brasiliensis_ Sapú _Oryzoborus angolensis_ Avinhado _ " crassirostris_ Bicudo _Ostinops decumanus_ Yapú _Otalis katraca_ Aracuan _Parra jacana_ Jacaná _Pavo cristatus_ Pavão _Penelope cristata_ Jacú _Phasianus colchicus_ Faisão _Piaya cayana_ Alma de gato _Picus Martius_ Picanço negro _Pionus menstruns_ Maitaca _Pipra strigilata_ Manequim variegado _Piroderus scutatus_ Pavó _Pisorhin choliba_ Coruja _Pitherodius pileatus_ Garça real _Podiceps americanus_ Mergulhão _Polyborus tharus_ Carancho _Psittacus passerinus_ Tuim _Psophius crepitans_ Agami _Rhamphastos discolorus_ Tucano _Rhea americana_ Avestruz, Ema _Rupicola_ Gallo do Pará _Siconea mycteria_ Jaburú _Stephanophorus leucocephalus_ Azulão _Sterna hirundinacea_ Trinta reis _Sula leucogastra_ Mergulhão _Syrigma sibilatrix_ Socó assobiador _Tanagra citrinella_ Tanagra de cabeça amarella _Tantalus americanus_ Tuyuyu _Tinamus tao_ Macuco _Triclaria cyanogaster_ Sabia-cica _Turdus rufiventris_ Sabia larangeira _Volatinia jacarini_ Serrador _Xanthormis pyrrhopterus_ Encontro
FISH
_Acanthurus bahianus_ Acanthuro Bahiano _Caranx pisquelus_ Solteira _Chromis acara_ Acará _Cichla brasiliensis_ Nhacundá _Coryphoena_ Dourado _Curimatus laticeps_ Curimatá _Cybium regale_ Sororóca _Cymnotus electricus_ Poraqué _Eugraulis Brossnü_ Anchova _ " encrausicholus_ Sardinha _Leporinus_ Piaú _Macrodon trahira_ Trahira _Merlangus vulgaris_ Pescada _Muroena anguilla_ Enguia dos rios _Petromyzom marinum_ Lampreia do mar _Platystoma Lima_ Surubim _Primelodé Pirinambú_ Pirinambú _Prochilodus argenteus_ Pacú _Rhinobates batis_ Raia lisa _Scomber scombrus_ Cavalla _Serrasalmo piranha_ Piranha _Silurus bagrus_ Bagre _Solea vulgaris_ Linguado _Squalus carcharias_ Tuburão _Tristis antiquorum_ Espadarte _Vastres gigas_ Pirarucú
REPTILES
CROCODILES AND LIZARDS
_Caiman fissipes_ Jacaré _Enyalius bilimeatus_ Camaleão listrado _Teus monitor_ Teyú
SNAKES.
_Boa constrictor_ Giboia constrigente _Bothrops indolens_ Jararaca preguiçosa _Ciclagras gigas_ Boipevaussú _Coluber poecilostoma_ Caninana _Crotalus durissus_ Cobra de cascavel commun " _horridus_ " " " hor. " _mutus_ Sururucú " _terrificus_ Boicininga, Cascavel _Drimobius bifossatus_ Cobra nova _Elaps corallinus_ Boi coral " " Cobra coral " _frontalis_ Boi coral _Erythrolamprus æsculapii_ Cobra coral _Eunectes murinus_ Sucuriú _Helicops modestus_ _Herpetodryas carinatus_ " _sexcarinatus_ Copra-cipó _Hyla faber_ Pereréca ferreiro _Lachesis alternatus_ Urutú, cotiara, cruzeiro, etc. " _atrox_ Jararaca, jararacucu " _bilineatus_ Surucucú patioba " _castelnaudi_ " _itapetingæ_ Cotiarinha, boipeva, furta-côr " _jararacucu_ Jararacucu, surucuçú, tapête " _lanceolatus_ Jararaca, jararacucu " _Lansbergii_ " _mutus_ Sururucú, surucutinga " _neuwiedii_ Urutú, jaraca do rabo branco _Liophis almadensis_ Jararaquinha do campo " _poecilogyrus_ _Oxirhopus trigeminus_ Cobra coral, boi coral _Philodryas serra_ _Pipa curcurucú_ Entanha _Phrynonax sulphureus_ Canninana _Radinoea Merremii_ Cobra d'agua " _undulata_ _Rhachidelus Brazili_ Mussurana _Thamnodynastes nattereri_ _Xenedon merremii_ Boipeva
TORTOISES
_Chelys fimbriata_ Mata-matá _Emys amazonica_ Jurara-assú " _tracaxa_ Tracajá _Testudo tabulata_ Jabuti
VOCABULARIES
BORORO--APIACAR--MUNDURUCU--CAMPAS OR ANTIS
+----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------- ENGLISH. | BORORO. | APIACAR. |MUNDURUCU. |CAMPAS OR ANTIS. ----------------+----------------+-----------------+------------+---------------- Anger | | | |nokatzmatahtzeh Angry | | |sapecoreh | Ant | | | |cachpigache Anta (Tapir) | | |biuh | Ariranha | | |auareh | Arm | | |ueiba |noshempa Arm (1st pers.) |ikkanna |zizuhbáh | | " (2nd " ) |akkanna | | | " (3rd " ) |kanna | | | " (elbow to | | | | shoulder) | |zizubah puha | | " (elbow to | | | | wrist) |ittaddagara |zizubah ziahppura| | (1st pers.) | | | | " (2nd " ) |akkeddagan | | | " (3rd " ) |akkagara | | | Armlet (ribbon) |canagadje geo |tahttùh ahsa | | | |(metal bracelet) | | | |zih pahürahna | | | |(fibre bracelet) | | Arrow | | | |tchohkopi Arrow-head |tugh otto |uübaffah | | Arrow feathers |attahga |uübappah | | Arrows |tuhga |uüba |ubipah | Ashes |djoroguddo |tahnimbuga |kaburi | | |tanimbo | | Attack (to) |bakkuredda |ahre mohmmahíh | | Aureole of | | | | feathers |parikko |ahkahntarah | | Axe | | |uah |
Bad | | | |kahmáhri Bag | | | |nottaratti Bands (ankle) |burere paro |tah pakkuhrah | | |gagadje geo | | | Bands (knee) |buregadje geo |tah pakkuhrah | | Barter (to) | |ahmazohppuhru | | Baskets (for | | | | bones of | | | | deceased) |koddo |mbuhah | | Beans | | |adianrap |macha | | | | Beard |nogua buh |tennovohava |erapirap |noshpatonna Beautiful | | |rip | Bees | | |eit | Belly |butto | |euk |nomucha Belt (for |coggu |mahté pikku | | women) | | ahsa | | Belt | | | |nuata quero Big |kurireo |huh _or_ hun |berehiubuh |niroikki Bird |kiyeggeh |ühráh |uassehm |tzmehdi Black | | |inucat |potztaghi | | | |takarontz Blind |yoko bokkua |dai haï | | Blood | |ærui | |irantz Blue | | |ibitacobush |tahmaroli Born (to be) |curi butto |ohíh | | Bow |baiga |ühwürrappara |irarek |piamen " (1st pers.) |inaiga | | | " (2nd " ) |anaiga | | | " (3rd " ) |baiga | | | Bow-string |baighikko |übühra | | | | pahama | | Boy |méhdrogo | | | " (plural) |neh ghe |azzih van | | | kogureh | vohsáh | | Bracelet | | | |marentz Break (to) |rettegaddo, |ahmoppéhn | | | tuo | | | Breathe |akke |ippottuh hém | | Brother | | |uagnuh |yegue " eldest |ihmanna |zikkuhbuhra |uamuh | " (1st pers.) | | | | " (2nd " ) |ahmanna | | | " (3rd " ) |uhmanna | | | " (general) |tchemanna | | | " (1st p. p.) |pahmanna | | | " (2nd " ) |tahmanna | | | " (3rd " ) |ettuhmanna | | | " younger | |zihrukkiera |ocutoh | " (1st pers.) |ihvieh | | | " (2nd " ) |ahvieh | | | " (3rd " ) |uhvieh | | | " (general) |tchevieh | | | " (1st p. p.) |pahvieh | | | " (2nd " ) |tahvieh | | | " (3rd " ) |ettuvieh | | | Butterfly | | |orebereb |kittandaro
Canoe |ikka |ühara | |pitotzu Caress (to) |kera amudda |uahvaippiáhr | | | appo | | | Charcoal |djoradde |tattah pühn | | Chest (man's) |immorora |zipassiah |uei cameah |notto piné (1st pers) | | | | " (2nd " ) |ammorore | | | " (3rd " ) |morora | | | " (woman's ) |immokkuro |izi kahma |uei came |ciuccioni |ammokkuro | | | |mokkuro | | | Child | | | |entzih Chin (1st pers.)|inogura |zirenuvah |hueniepaeh | " (2nd " )|akogura | | | " (3rd " )|okkura | | | Cloak (worn by | | | |kittahreutz Campas) | | | | Cloud | | |crehreate | Clouds |boettugo |ivagon | |menkori Cold |biakko |irhossahn | | Comet |cujedje kigareu | | | Courage |paguddah bokua |ihmandarahih | | Crocodile | | |abatchiri | Cry |araguddu |oh zaïyóh | |niraatcha
Dance |erehru |ahniuaréh | | Dark |boetcho |puhtunhaïba | |stiniri taki Daughter | | |araichih |nessintcho Day |meriji |koeïn | | Dead | | |abeh | Deaf |bia bokkua |diahppuhai | | Deer | | |arapisehm | Design (to |tugo |ohkuazzihat | | ornament) | | | | Die (to) |bi |ahmonnoh | | Dog |arigao |ahwaráh |yacurité |otzitii Drink (to) |kuddo |uhükkuhr | |nerachi nerativo | | | | riratzi Drunk | | |icanuh |noshinghitatcha Dumb |battaru bokkua |nogni enghih | |
Ears | |zinambí |naeinebui |noyembitta " (1st pers.) |iviyah | | | " (2nd " ) |aviyah | | | " (3rd " ) |biyah | | | Earth |motto |wuhra | | Earthquake |mottumagaddo | | | Eat |ko |animaüvuttáh |inenetieh |noatcha, | | | com combih | Egg | | |tupissa | Enemy | |zih ruhwahsahra | | Eyebrows | |zirapezavah | |notta makku " (1st pers.) |iyerera | | | " (2nd " ) |aerira | | | " (3rd " ) |djerira | | | Eyelashes | | | |noshumpigokki Eyes | | | | " (1st pers.) |yokko |ziarakkuara | | lokki " (2nd " ) |aekko | | | " (3rd " ) |dyokko | | |
Fat |kavaddo |hih haï | |uannanowata Father |pao |zihruwa |utahbah |ahppah " (1st pers.) |iyuohka | | | " (2nd " ) |ao | | | " (3rd " ) |uho | | | " (plur., our) |tcheo | | | " (your) |tao | | | " (their) |ettuoh | | | Feathers | | | | " (of wings) |ikkoddo |ürapeppoh | | " (of tail) |ayaga |mehruazah | | Fight | | | |nogempi Find (to) |jordure gí |uèppiahr | | Finger or thumb |ikkera kurireo |ziffah | |notta pakki Finger (first) |boya gaisso | | | " (second) |boya taddao |ziffah mottehra | | " (third) |mekkijio |ziffah inha | | " (small) |biagareo |ziffah inha | | Fire |djoro |tahttáh |eraitcha |pah mahri Fish |kahre |pihráh |ashiman |gna denga | | | |aite shumma Five | | |brancogeh | Fling arrows | | | | with a bow |kiddogoddu |oh üvahn | | Fly (to) |koddu |ahvevéh | |haratzu Foot | |zihppuha |ibuih |numaronca | | | | nocunta noetzi " (1st pers.) |iyure | | | " (2nd " ) |aure | | | " (3rd " ) |bure | | | " (sole of) | | | |noetzi _or_ | | | | nuitche Forehead | | | |nohpanka | | | |nopanka Forest |ittura |kahueh | | | |kauru khuh | | " (thick) |iguro kurireo | | | Four | | |ibaribrip | Fowl | | | |ataripa Friend | | |ubeshi | Fright |paguddah |ohkkriheéh | |nottaruatzo
Give (to) | makko | ahmandáh | | (I give him) | makkai | | | Girl | ahredrogo | ahwah vohsáh | | " (plural) | naguareh | | | | kogureh | | | God | | | Tuhpane | (_Sun_) pahua Good | | | tchipat | kahméhta Good afternoon | | ené mahrukka | | " day | | ené cohéma | | " night | | nehppi tuhna | | | | kattuh | | Give me water | | | | bina ina Gourds | bappo | | | (rattling | | | | gourds used | | | | by Bororos) | | | | Grandfather | | zihra magna | | " (1st pers.)| yeddaga | | | " (2nd " )| aeddoga | | | " (3rd " )| iyeddoga | | | Grandmother | | zihza ruza | | " (1st pers.) | mugapega | | | " " | imaruga | | | " (2nd " )| atcharuga | | | " (3rd " )| itcharuga | | | Grass | | | | tuarish Green | | | | natchari Guayaba (fruit) | | | | comassique Gums of teeth | | | | nohtapu Gun | | | | natziarih
Hair | | ziava | kahp | noeshi " (1st pers.)| ittao | | | nuesse " (2nd " )| akkao | | | " (3rd " )| ao | | | Hand | | zippoa | ibuih | nakku " (1st pers.)| ikkera | | | " (2nd " )| akkera | | | " (3rd " )| ijera | | | Happy | jakkare | horrüm | | Hatred | okki | naimïa roi | | Head | | ziakkan | | noppolo " (1st pers.)| ittaura | | | " (2nd " )| akkaura | | | " (3rd " )| aura | | | Head band | | | | nahmattery (worn by Campas)| | | | Hear (to) | | | | nokkie | | | | makimpi Hearing | merudduo | ziahppuh[)a]h | | Heart | | | |nasangani Heat | |heai | | Heel | | | |tsungueche Hippopotamus |aidje | | | Honey | | |eit attuh | Hunt (to) | | |itieh urepp |nomarma wai Husband |ohreddo |zihméhna | | tazu | |acuimibaeh | |nueme " (plural) |tcheddoreddo | | | |pagoreddo | | | |ettohreddo | | | Hut | | |anioca |mengotcha | | | |pangotzu
I do not want | | | |erocaticondaca, | | | |fenotchiro | | | | eroka I want you | | | |noni chempe | | | | naka Ill |cogoddu |ikkaruhara | |nohmahrtzi Illness |jorubbu |zihkkáh ruhara | | Ill-treat (to) |utchebai, |huàuàr | | |erugoddo kigoddo| | | Indian corn | | | |sagre ssengue | | | |famadole " Infuriated |kurigoddo |zih manarahíh | | (to be) | | | | Iron | | | |kirieh tonghi Island | | |tiahueruh |
Jump |karetta |appóll | |nuhme atcha
Kill (to) |bitto |ahzukkah | |noautziri Knee |ippoh godaoh |zirinupphuá |yon-ah |loyeretto | | | |yerito Knuckles | | | |nouaviro
Lake |kuruga |üppiah | | Large |kuri |hih haï | |andavuete Laugh |noguari |ahpukkàh | |noshontatchu Leaf | | | |kahrashi Lean | | | |tonghnizi Leg | |zirito mahk |oira-oh |noh pori " (1st pers.) |ippogora |khana | | " (2nd " ) |appogora | | | " (3rd " ) |pogora | | | Let us go | | | |fame ate Light |djorugo |uhüga | |(_lamp_) purika Light a fire |djaro guddo |tahttàh induh | | (to) |djoruggo | | | Lightning |baigahbe |tupan veravah | |pureka | |tupasseo | | Lip (lower) | | | |nohtchare " (upper) | | | |nohpanti Lips | | | |tchara Little | | | |capichenni Lose (to) |okkua |ohkkagnüh | | Love |aiddu |ahmán oron | |nohnindatzimbi Lunacy | |heh wuhruh | |
Man |mehddo |ahzibah |aniocat |shambari (plural) |ihme | | | (old) | | |iabut | Milky way |cujedje doghe |aniang puku |kabieureh | |ehro guddo |zahwara | tpuih | Monkey | | |taueh |oshetto Moon |ahri |zahir | |kahshi " (during a) | | |kachi | Morning | | |kabi ason |kittaittidih Mosquito | | |caame | Mother | |zihuba |anhih |nanná " my |ihmuga (1st p.) | | | " thy |atche (2nd p.) | | | " his |utche (3rd p.) | | | " |tchedge | | | | (general) | | | " our |padge (1st | | | | pers. plural) | | | " yours |tadge (2nd p.) | | | " theirs |ettudge (3rd) | | | Mountain | |iuitir |otioah |chahtoshi Mountains |toreakkari |ühwüttura | | " (range of) |toreakkari | " | | | doghe | | | Moustache | | | |noshpatonna Mouth | | |ueibi |nottaramash Mule | | | |manno mari
Nails (of | | |ueimba rahn |nosha takki fingers) | | | |tchamoro Neck | | | | " (front of) |iruho |zisuhra | | " (1st pers.) | | | | " (2nd p" ) |aruho | | | " (3rd " ) |ruho | | | " (back of) | |zikupeah | | " (1st pers.) |ikiddoro | | | " (2nd " ) |akkiddoro | | | " (3rd " ) |ittoro | | | Necklace | | | |nighitzki Night |batchioji |kaáhrúh |atchiman | | |puitun ahiueh | | No |boro, carega |napohttahri |cahmah | |boekkimo | | | |kah (_suffix_) | | | |bokkua | | | Nose | |zissignah | |nokkirimash " (1st pers.) |ikkenno | | | " (2nd " ) |akkenno | | | " (3rd " ) |kenno | | |
Oar | | | |kumarontzu Old | | | |kinkiuari Onça (jaguar) | | |huira | One | | |pan |
Parrot | | |aruh | Perspire (to) |caroh |zihruhaï | |nama savitache Pig | | | |pihratz Pottery (for | |tahpe quazzihar | | cooking) | | | | Pot (large) |ariya | | | " (small) |ruobo |gnaéh peppóh | | " (very small)|pohri | | | " " " |pohri (gabo) | | | " " " |pohrero | | | Present |makkakai |ahmbehunteheh | |
Rain |buh buttu |ahmanna |monbaht |ngagni |(boe) buttu |aman | | Rainbow | | | |ohyié Rapid (cataract)| |ituihi | | Receive |makkinai |ahmbohul | | |(_I received_) | | | Red | | |patpecat |kitchongahri Reward |mohri | | | Rise (to) |racodje |ehppóhan | | River |poba |parana | |gnah " (large) |poba kurireo |parana hun | | " (small) |pahga |parana hin | | Rock |tori |ittahih(n) | | " (large) |tori kurireo |ittahuh(n) | | Rocks | | | |mappih Run |reh |oh gnama | |preteten | | | | spayieni " (to) | | | |noshatchah Run away (to) |arekoddo |zihppohséh | |
Sad |kierigoddo |ahnimombü áh | | Salt | | |caotah | Same | | | |fecatche cuanta | | | | nana Scratch |kiggori |ogni oï | | Sea | | | |(_unknown_) Search (to) |wogai |éhekkahr | | See (to) | | | |nogna akuripi Shame |poguruh |ah(g)ni nossïn | | Shin |iraetta | | | Shiver |magoddo |zihrahúh | | Shooting stars |aroi koddo |zahir ta tai wai | | Sight |aiyuoh |ueppiáh pottahr | | |djohruddoh | | | Silver | | | |kiriekki Sing | |amaracaib | | Sing (to) |roya, |mahrakkahi |huamame | |arage | | | " (and dance) | | | |nowishtiaccia Sister | |garikie |etchih |tchogue | |zihreüsa | | Sister | | | | " (1st pers.)|ittuiyeh | | | " (2nd " )|attuiyeh | | | " (3rd " )|uttuhiyeh | | | " (general) |tchedduiyeh | | | " (1st p. p.) |pahduiyeh | | | " (2nd " )|tahduiyeh | | | " (3rd " )|ettuhduiyeh | | | " (younger) | |zihkuppuhera | | Sit (to) |mogudda |oh ahppúh | |nosseiki Sky |baru |üvahga |kabi | | |ivagh | | Sleep | | | |ahmayaweh Sleep (to) |nuddoh |okkiéht | | Small |biagattigé |suhhin | |entzit |biagareu | | |gliagnini |pikkiriri rogo | | |japchoquin Smell (sense of)|ikkenomeruddo |uéttóhn | | | (_nose hears_) | | | Smoke |djereddudde |tahttahssin | | " (to) |coguatta medji |ohppeh tambúh | | | (_eat smoke_) | | | Snake | | |puibui | " (large) | | |pushiribeh | Son | | |ipot |nientzteh | | | |nochumi Speak | | | |nona guayte Speak (to) |battaru |ogni éh | |nugniáni Spit | | | |notchôrah Star |cujedje |zahir ta tai |kasupta | Stars |cujedje doghe | | |bogro Steel | | | |coshintzi Stone | | |itai | Streamlet | | | |gnahtinka Strong | | | |niroite katzuini Strong sun | | | |minchare pahua Sun |mehri |ahra |huatchi |pah hua | |cuaracu | | Sunrise |mehri rutto |ahra nikki uh | | | | appoha | | Sunset |mehri re rotto |ahra nikki hoh | | | " butto | | | Swim |kuhru |oh üttapp | |nahmatatzu
Tail (of an |oh |behruaza | | animal) | | | | Tall |kuritchiga |ih zuh hàh | |iriritheh |aritchodo | | | Tattoo | |zihzuppohra | | | |(_on chin_) | | | |zihra pegnana | | | |(_on forehead_ | | | |_and eyebrows_) | | Teeth | |ziragna |erahi |naikki " (1st pers.) |ittah | | | " (2nd " ) |akkoh | | | " (3rd " ) |oh | | | Ten | | |ohehssuat | Thank you |_unknown_ |_to all_ | | Then |tohare | | | Thigh |immomonna |zihuwa | | |ippohgahdde | | | Thin |rakkiggiarogogo |ah sihnnin | | Thirst | | |bipehrehp | Three | | |tchibapehng | Throat | | |huenie | | | | combira | Throw (to) |barigo |ahmenbott | | Thumb | | | |notta pakki Thunder |boejaruru |tupah | |takkirisse | |aman tsiuic | | Tired | | |yahboroeh |nomautache | | | |(_I am tired_) Toes |bure bahppe |zihppuhán | |noetzi tapaki Tongue | | | |nonnenni Tortoise | | |kanianiareh | Touch |kerajettudji |ahmahppuh | | Tree |ippo |üba |eïp | " (trunk of) |ippo |üba poh | |uhtchattu " (branch of) |ippo ittura |übakkan | | Trees | | | |chatto Trumpet | |niumbiháh | | Two | | |tchepitchepe|
Ugly | | |guereh | Umbilicus | | | |nohmoetto Uncle | |tzi | |natchalene
Village | |amonabuh | | Vomit (to) |towari goddo |zirivipposüh | |nokkamarangatzu
Wait (to) |to gudduguddu |eh ohnroh | | | giao | | | Wake (to) |yettado |ehmma èh | | Walk |mehru |oh attáh | |atteh otzki Warm |boero |hakkuh | | Water |poba |üha |iribbi |gnah Waterfall |pobbore |üttuh (_fall_) | |opparengnahtazzi | |ühppohsuh | | | | (_rapid_) | | Way | | | |aboche Weak | | | |teshintztéh West, East, | | | | North, South | |(_unknown to all_) | What is this in |Inno ba boi |gar te zih | | the ... |yiere? |méhrennoih? | | language? | | | | White | | |iretiat |kittamorori Wife |ohredduje |kuhnia |otachi |nuena Wife (plural) | | | | " (1st pers.)|tchevireh | | | " (2nd " .)|pavireh | | | " (3rd " .)|ettuvireh | | | |tcheddoreddo | | | |(_abbrev. of_) | | | |tcheddoredduje | | | Wild beasts |bahregghe |zahwahra | | Wind | |iuituh |kabihru |tampeah Woman |ahreddo |ahvah |tanian |coya (plural) |ahréhme | |aiatiah |
Yellow | | | |tchengotz Yes |uh |apohttáh |ibeheh | Yuka (jute) | | | |cagniri
INDEX
Acre territory, i, 3; ii, 403, 408 Aguachini River, ii, 440 Albuquerque, Mr., ii, 276, 361-369 Alcobaça, Port of, i, 110 Amazon, main estuary of the, ii, 387 Amazon River, ii, 385-391, 394-404, 416-418 Amazon State, Governor of, ii, 405-406, 414 Amazon, State of, i, 3 _Amazonas_, launch, ii, 411 Andes, journey across the, ii, 438-476 Antofogasta, ii, 472, 473, 474, 475 Ants, ii, 325 Apiacar Indians, ii, 266, 278 Apiacars, Vocabulary of language (Appendix), 486-496 Arabiranga I., ii, 390 Araguary, i, 51-61 Araguaya River, i, 109, 115, 119, 159, 168 Araguaya River, sources of the, i, 167 Araujo, Mr. J. G., ii, 408 Arequipa, ii, 460 Arinos River, the, i, 431; ii, 1-150 Arinos River, birthplace of the, i, 413 Arinos River, meeting-place with the Juruena River, ii, 149-151 Arinos-Juruena, ii, 151-263 Ariranha (_Lutra Brasiliensis_), ii, 21, 26, 33, 58, 78, 88, 93, 159, 165 Arrival in England, ii, 476 Associação Commercial do Amazonas, ii, 408 _Atahualpa_, S.S., ii, 416 Atrocities, ii, 266 August Falls, ii, 196-206 Azupizu River, ii, 437, 440
Bandeiras, the, i, 17 Barretto, José Sotero, ii, 266, 269, 271, 273 Batataes, i, 44 Bay of Coralhina, ii, 389 Bay of Guajara, ii, 390 Bay of Jappelin, ii, 390 Bay of Marajo, ii, 389 Bees, i, 392; ii, 72, 123, 321 Belem (Pará), ii, 390, 392 Bella Vista, ii, 380 Beluchistan, ii, 460 Beri-beri, ii, 393, 457 Bernardelli, Prof., i, 10 Bertino Miranda Island, ii, 262 Bilans, ii, 434 Birds of Brazil (Appendix), 481 Bolivia, ii, 471-474 Bolivian Railways, ii, 473 Booth Steamship Line, ii, 394, 410, 416, 417, 419 Borax, ii, 475 Bororo Indians, their origin, customs, manners, legends, anthropometric measurements, language, superstitions, music, etc., i, 207-263 Bororos, Vocabulary of language (Appendix), 486-496 Boundaries, i, 115, 116, 159; ii, 417 Boundaries, Matto-Grosso and Pará, ii, 268 Boundaries, Minas Geraes and Goyaz, ii, 60, 62 Boundary between Bolivia and Chili, ii, 474 Brazil, area of, i, 3 Brazil, wealth of, i, 4 Brazil, Col. R. E., "King of the Tapajoz," ii, 368, 373-381 Bueno de Silva, Bartholomeu, i, 105 Buenos Ayres, ii, 475-476 Butterflies, i, 94; ii, 55, 72
Cacti, i, 155 Cahombanas, ii, 435, 436 Cahombanas, trails from, ii, 435 Cairns, ii, 464 Caju or Acaju, i, 158; ii, 335 Caldas de Goyaz, i, 76 Campas or Antis Indians, ii, 434, 444 Campas or Antis Indians, Vocabulary of language (Appendix), 486-496 Campinas, i, 91 Cañon, a, i, 295, 358 Canuma River, ii, 412 Carnival, ii, 472 Carrapatinhos, i, 136, 188, 342, 392 Carrapatos, i, 138, 188, 334, 342 Carts, i, 69 Cashibos (Carapaches and Callisecas), ii, 432, 434 _Cassicus icterronatus_ (Jappelin), ii, 396 Castanha do Pará, ii, 370 _Cathartes_ (Urubu), ii, 59 Cattle breeding, i, 22, 106 Cayapo Indians, ii, 13 Cepa d'agua, i, 397 _Cervus elaphus_ (Veado), i, 184, 269, 316 Church Rock, i, 382 Ciancias, ii, 431 Cocoa, ii, 400 Coffee, i, 26-37 Coffee, estates, i, 26 Coffee, export, i, 21 Colbacchini, Father A., i, 281 Collings Bros., ii, 403 Concepção (on the Araguaya), i, 110, 115 Concepção Island, ii, 390 Condamano, ii, 427 Corumbá River, i, 70 Corumbahyba, i, 68 _Crax pinima_ (mutum), ii, 284, 288 Credentials, the use of, i, 118 Cretins, i, 360 Crocodiles, ii, 132 _Crypturus notivagus_ (jaho), ii, 284, 292 Cuñer, J. J. V., Prefect of Cuzco, ii, 466 Cutijuba Island, ii, 390 Cuvettes, i, 312, 313, 318, 321, 327, 330, 347, 369, 378, 380, 412, 417, 430 Cuyaba River, i, 19 Cuzco, ii, 464 Cuzco Railway, ii, 458-464
De Rio Branco, Baron, i, 7 Diamantino, i, 410, 419-428 Diamantino, prices of commodities in, i, 420 Diamonds, i, 149, 420 Distance between Araguary and Goyaz, i, 101 Distance between Iquitos and Lima, ii, 456 Distance between Manaos and Iquitos, ii, 419 Distance from the River Araguaya to Capim Branco, i, 343 Distance from the River Arinos to Araguary, i, 432 Distance from Araguary to Serra Azul, i, 410 Distance from Goyaz City to Serra Azul, i, 410 Dogs, ii, 130 Dumont Estate, i, 36 Dumont Railway, i, 37
Effects of food after long period of starvation, ii, 346 Effects of starvation on the brain, ii, 311, 316, 324, 326, 329, 331 Electric spring of water, i, 284 Elevation of the Araguaya, i, 169 End of transcontinental journey, ii, 457 _Esploradora_, the launch, ii, 430, 437 _Eunictes murinus_ (Sucuriú), ii, 162 Expedition, outfit of, i, 13
Farquhar, Percival, ii, 403 Fish, i, 153, 168; ii, 63, 90, 96, 104, 107, 126, 158, 223, 387, 484 Flora, i, 4, 62, 75, 82, 85, 89, 99, 139, 143, 152, 155, 158, 164, 172, 175, 275, 311, 330, 332, 347, 348, 355, 380, 389, 396, 397, 406, 416, 417, 430; ii, 4, 10, 24, 25, 37, 49, 52, 54, 58, 63, 94, 95, 105, 108, 134, 207, 224, 227, 336, 370, 388, 398, 430, 432, 437, 477-480 Fonseca, Marechal Hermes da, i, 107 Forest, i, 5, 12 Forest, across the virgin, ii, 278-365 Forest, the Brazilian, ii, 67-69 Forest fire, i, 385 Fossils, the discovery of giant, i, 371-376 Fossils, loss of, ii, 270 Franca, i, 45 Frontin, Dr. Paulo, i, 8, 16 Furnas Corros Mountains, i, 206
Garibaldi's grandson, ii, 450 Gavião caboclo, i, 412 Geological formation, i, 176, 182, 186, 187, 190, 194, 200, 204, 205, 267, 271, 273, 276, 278, 282, 287, 292, 301, 319, 322, 332, 334, 336, 349, 356, 363, 364, 368, 370, 380, 382-385, 393, 400, 407, 418; ii, 99, 142, 155, 168, 262, 384, 455 Goyaz, i, 19 Goyaz, city of, i, 100-131 Goyaz, Government of, i, 108 Goyaz, railway line in construction, i, 59, 61 Goyaz, State of, i, 3 Guajara Merim, ii, 403 Guanabara, Alcindo, i, 7; ii, 124
Hammocks, ii, 87 Harvard Observatory, ii, 460 History of the wars in the kingdom of Brazil between Holland and Portugal, i, 414 Honesty of Peruvians, ii, 444, 452 Horses of Goyaz, i, 106 Huacapistana, ii, 452 _Hydrochærus Capibara_ (Capivara), ii, 49, 56, 124
Igorrotes of Luzon Island, ii, 456 _Ilex Paraguayensis_ (Mate), ii, 59, 81 Inca implements, ii, 470 Inca matrimonial stone, ii, 469 Inca ornaments, ii, 470 Inca pottery, ii, 469 Inca skulls, ii, 468 Inca throne, ii, 467 Inca weapons, etc., ii, 470 Incas, the, ii, 441, 466-471 Incas, architecture of the, ii, 466 Incas, civilization of the, ii, 466-471 Indians, i, 12, 17, 105, 185, 205, 207-263, 282, 338, 353; ii, 13, 70, 134, 158, 274, 423, 424, 430, 432, 434 Insanity, i, 124 Iquitos, ii, 418 Islands of the Arinos and Arinos-Juruena Rivers--vol. ii.-- Ada I., ii, 120 Alastor I., ii, 65 Alberto Masõ I., ii, 171 Albert Rex I., ii, 110 Angela I., ii, 159 Anna I., ii, 121 Antonio Prado I., ii, 126, 128 Arabella I., ii, 140 Araujo I., ii, 263 Ariadne I., ii, 222 Armida I., ii, 98 Aspasia I., ii, 149 Babin I., ii, 186 Barretos I., ii, 126 Belinda I., ii, 184 Bertha I., ii, 141 Bomfin I., ii, 176 Bridget I., ii, 39 Camilla I., ii, 107 Carmela I., ii, 156 Caterina I., ii, 157 Clara I., ii, 161 Corona I., ii, 122 Daphne I., ii, 126 Diana I., ii, 141, 168 Dora I., ii, 115 Edna I., ii, 115 Eileen I., ii, 141 Eleonora I., ii, 52 Elfrida Landor I., ii, 152 Elizabeth Chimay I., ii, 97 Elizabeth R. I., ii, 62, 111 Eloisa I., ii, 110 Emma I., ii, 117 Erminie I., ii, 121 Eva I., ii, 109 Evelina I., ii, 141 Faith, Hope and Charity Is., 98 Francesco I., ii, 152 Gabriella I., ii, 93 George Rex I., ii, 158, 160 Gemma I., ii, 71 Germaine I., ii, 111 Gingillo I., ii, 142 Giselle I., ii, 171 Helena I., ii, 66 Hilda I., ii, 156 Hugo I., ii, 120 James Dewar I., ii, 172 Jessica I., ii, 176 Josephine Island, 122 Julia I., ii, 70 Jupiter I., ii, 126 Kuvera I., ii, 172 Landor, Charles, I., ii, 96 Laurita I., ii, 116 Leander I., ii, 263 Leda I., ii, 175, 263 Lilian I., ii, 118 Loel I., ii, 80 Lucia I., ii, 115 Lucky I., ii, 39, 43 Lunghissima I., ii, 155 Lydia I., ii, 61 Mabel I., ii, 112 Magda I., ii, 109 Margie I., ii, 112 Maria I., ii, 106 Mars I., ii, 126 Martia I., ii, 107 Maude I., ii, 93 Maude Adams I., ii, 169 May I., ii, 110 Medea I., ii, 175 Melusine I., ii, 170 Meraud I., ii, 80 Midas I., ii, 171 Minerva I., ii, 169 Miranda I., ii, 171 Mosquito I., ii, 46 Nair I., ii, 105 Negrino I., ii, 63 Nina I., ii, 114 Noailles I., ii, 112 Nora I., ii, 120 Normand I., ii, 173 Olivia I., ii, 133, 161 Oriana I., ii, 168 Orlando I., ii, 97 Pandora I., ii, 134 Passos I., ii, 47 Passos Junior I., ii, 47 Paulina I., ii, 161 Pelleas and Melisande Is., ii, 162 Pericles I., ii, 149 Philomela I., ii, 160 Pomona I., ii, 168 Portia I., ii, 160 Priscilla I., ii, 125 Providence I., ii, 114 Psyche I., ii, 160 Queen Mary I., ii, 171 Rebecca I., ii, 103 Rhea I., ii, 160 Rita I., ii, 110 Rock I., ii, 105 Rodriguez, J. Carlos I., ii, 117 Romeo and Juliet Is., ii, 115 Romola I., ii, 156 Rosalinda I., ii, 160 Rose I., ii, 109 Sarah I., ii, 102 Schnoor, Luiz, I., ii, 95 Seven Sisters Is., ii, 153 Sibyl I., ii, 134 Sophia I., ii, 142 Stella I., ii, 156 Susan I., ii, 118 Sylvia I., ii, 124 Tanis I., ii, 60 Teffe I., ii, 108 Teresa I., ii, 125 Three Graces Is., ii, 113 Toledo, Pedro de, I., ii, 44 Tristan and Isolde Is., ii, 161 Two Sisters Is., 46 Una I., ii, 157 Urania I., ii, 157 Vanessa I., ii, 160 Vera I., ii, 93 Victor Emmanuel I., ii, 74 Yolanda I., ii, 156 Itaituba, ii, 380 Itaquatiara, ii, 402, 412
Jacutinga, ii, 48 Jaguar, the, i, 184, 307, 316; ii, 315 Jararakinha I., ii, 390 Javari River, ii, 417 Jeckill, Mrs., ii, 404 Jesuits, i, 414 Jews, ii, 258, 262 Jiggers, ii, 338 _Jornal do Commercio_, i, 7 Juliaca junction, ii, 462 Junction of the Arinos-Juruena and Tres Barras or S. Manoel River, ii, 263 Juruena River, ii, 149 Juruena River, meeting-place of with the Arinos River, ii, 149-151
Krause, Dr., i, 121
La Merced, ii, 450 La Paz, ii, 472 Lage, Mr., ii, 380 Lagoa dos Veados, i, 413, 415 Lagoa Formosa, i, 96, 328 Land, value of, i, 38, 43, 45, 49 Las Palmas River, ii, 449 Legislative Congress of Goyaz (State), i, 112 Leguia, Dr. B. B., President of Peru, ii, 465 Leopoldina, i, 110 Leprosy, i, 87 Leticia, ii, 418 Lighthouses, ii, 388 Lima, ii, 456, 458 Llamas, ii, 453, 456, 461, 463, 473 Lovelace, Dr. Carl, ii, 404 Lua Nova, ii, 376 Lunar halo, i, 199, 328, 333
Macaws, i, 308; ii, 132, 396, 398 Macedo, Commandante, ii, 380-391 _Macrocerus hyacinthinus_ (araruna), ii, 396 Madeira-Mamore Railway, ii, 402-404 Madeira River, ii, 277, 347, 411-414 Magalhães, Couto de, i, 109 Malampaya Sound, i, 9 Malan, Father A., i, 309 Mammals of Brazil (Appendix), 480 Manaos, ii, 402, 405-411 Manaos, Commandants of the Federal Troops in, ii, 409, 414, 416 Manaos, Improvements, Limited, ii, 410 Mangabeira, the, i, 406 Mangabel, ii, 374-377 Manobos, ii, 434 Maps, i, 116, 414 Maps, inaccurate, i, 404 Maribondos (hornets), ii, 194 Masisea, ii, 430 Masõ, Dr. Alberto, ii, 408, 416 Matto Grosso (State of), i, 3 May, Jeckill & Randolph, Messrs., ii, 403-404 Maya Indians of Yucatan, ii, 254 Mazagan, i, 70 Medicinal plants, i, 152 (Appendix), 477-480 Minas Geraes, Province of, i, 3 Minerals, i, 4 Minister of Marine, ii, 407 Mirage, ii, 473 Miranda, Dr. Bertino, ii, 408 Miriatiriami, ii, 440 Mitchell, Mr., English Consul at Iquitos, ii, 419 Mockill, Mr., Chief of Peruvian Corporation, ii, 458, 464 Mogyana Railway, i, 38-51 Mollendo, ii, 458 Monoliths, i, 363, 364 Mori Brothers, ii, 260 Mori, Don Eulogio, ii, 367 Morro da Meza, i, 59 Mountain sickness, ii, 461 Mules, i, 140, 389 Müller, Severiano, i, 7 Mundurucu Indians, ii, 248, 252, 369 Mundurucu Indians, vocabulary of the language (Appendix), 486-496
_Nasua socialis_ (coati), i, 319; ii, 354 _Nasua solitaria_ (coati), i, 319 Nazaratec River, ii, 437 Nery, Julio V., ii, 266, 275, 276, 280, 283 New York (Ucayalli), ii, 421 Nunes, Dom Pedro, ii, 343-348
Obidos, ii, 399 Oliveira, Regis de, i, 11 Ollagüe Volcano, ii, 474 _Opisthocomus cristatus_ (cigana), ii, 132 Oroya, ii, 454 Oroya, railway, ii, 454-456 Oruro, ii, 472, 473, 474
Pachitea River, ii, 431-435 Pack-saddles, i, 78 Palms, i, 5 Pampas, ii, 445 Pará chestnut, ii, 207 Pará Fiscal Agency, ii, 268, 272 Pará Province of, i, 3 Paraguay River, birthplace of, i, 414 Paraguay River, sources of, i, 416 Parana River, i, 167 Parana River, birthplace of, i, 414 Paranahyba River, i, 60 Paredão Grande, the, i, 292 Paredãozinho, i, 287 Parintins, ii, 412 Passos, Dr. F. Pereira, i, 8 Pasture lands, i, 6 Paulista Railway, i, 24 Paulistas, the, i, 17, 105 Pedro II., Emperor, i, 100, 109, 134 _Penelope cristata_ (jacú), ii, 26, 132, 237, 296, 354 Peruvian Corporation, ii, 458-471 Peruvian Railway, ii, 458-473 Philadelphia (Ucayalli), ii, 424 Photography, ii, 82 Pichis River, ii, 435-438 Pinto, Mr., ii, 368 Pium, i, 173, 300, 302 _Podiceps Americanus_ (mergulhão commun), ii, 48 Polvora, the, i, 300 Pombas Island, ii, 369 Poopo, Lake, ii, 473-474 Port Bermudez, ii, 437 Port Guaqui, ii, 471 Porto do Castanho, i, 161 Porto Velho, ii, 1, 20, (Rio Madeira) 403 Potzuzu, ii, 435 Pouso Alto, i, 86 Prado, Antonio, i, 7, 22, 26 Praia da Rainha, i, 110 Preguya, the, ii, 432 Prices of commodities, ii, 259, 372, 410, 424 Prison of Goyaz, i, 123 Province of Loreto, Prefect of, ii, 420, 430, 437 Pueblo Pardo, ii, 449 Putumayo River, ii, 417
Raft made of demijohns, ii, 335-341 Railways, i, 111 Redemptionist Friars, i, 90, 92 Reptiles of Brazil (Appendix), 484 Requeña, ii, 422 Riberão Preto, i, 38 Rio Arinos, i, 413, 431; ii, 1-150 Rio Barreiros or das Garças, i, 195, 196, 206, 264, 265, 284 Rio Caitté, i, 416 Rio Canuma, ii, 269, 412 Rio Capim Branco, i, 335, 337, 346 Rio Chabo, i, 409 Rio Chanchamayo, ii, 449 Rio Claro, i, 149 Rio Corgo Fundo, i, 194 Rio Corisho, i, 416 Rio Crepore, ii, 374 Rio Cuyaba, i, 359, 402, 404, 405 Rio das Mortes, i, 116, 350 Rio dos Patos, ii, 39, 43 Rio Estivado, i, 416 Rio Euphrasia, ii, 268 Rio Grande, i, 46 Rio Jamanchin, ii, 378 Rio Jangada, i, 359 Rio Las Almas, i, 153 Rio Macucu, i, 417 Rio Madeira, ii, 127 Rio Manso, i, 387-389 Rio Misericordia, ii, 268 Rio Mollah, i, 416 Rio Montagna, ii, 377-378 Rio Paraguay (Paraná), i, 323 Rio Paraná, i, 349, 411, 415 Rio Pedra Grande, i, 366, 369 Rio Ponte Alto, i, 154 Rio Preto, i, 413 Rio Roncador, i, 364, 369 Rio S. Florencio, ii, 268 Rio S. Lourenço, i, 341, 349 Rio S. Lourenço, headwaters of, i, 323 Rio S. Manoel or Tres Barras, i, 403 Rio S. Thomé, ii, 268 Rio Secundury, ii, 269, 328, 333, 349, 351 Rio Sumidoro, ii, 53 Rio Tapajoz, ii, 269 Rio Tarma, ii, 452 Rio Trombetas, ii, 399 Rio Uruguatos, ii, 218 Rio Verde, i, 403 Rio Vermelho, i, 109, 133 Rio Xingu, i, 403; ii, 127 Rio Xingu, nearest point to Rio Tapajoz, ii, 379 Rio de Janeiro, i, 9 Rock carvings, i, 338 Rodadeiro or toboggan slide of the Incas, ii, 467 Rodriguez, José Carlos, i, 7 Rondon, Col., i, 12 Ross, Mr., ii, 391 "Round Table" of the Incas, the, ii, 467 Royal Mail Steamship Co., i, 9; ii, 476 Rubber, i, 36; ii, 4, 46, 48, 60, 63, 78, 91, 97, 267, 272, 369, 434 Rubber, coagulation of the latex, ii, 8 Rubber, collection of the latex, ii, 6 Rubber, collectors, i, 424; ii, 1
S. Antonio, i, 88 S. Benedicto, Mt., ii, 274, 367 S. Isabel (Castanho), ii, 373 S. Jeronimo, ii, 429 S. Luiz de Caceres, i, 419, 429 S. Luiz de Shuaro, ii, 449 S. Manoel, Collectoria of, ii, 264 S. Manoel, Tres Barras or Paranatinga River, ii, 263 S. Paulo, i, 16 S. Paulo, elevation of, i, 23 S. Paulo, State of, i, 20, 22 S. Ramon, ii, 451 Salesian Friars, i, 132, 264, 280, 284, 309 Salto Benjamin, i, 342 Salto Floriano Peixoto, i, 342 Sand-dunes, ii, 459 Santarem, ii, 385 Santarem to Belem (Pará), ii, 385-391 Sauba Ants (_Oecodonia cephalotes_), ii, 119, 315, 318-320 Schmidt, Col. (The Coffee King), i, 37 Schnoor, Luiz, i, 56 Seringueiros, or rubber collectors, the, i, 424; ii, 1, 22, 250, 258, 272, 273, 276, 361, 369, 371, 379, 411, 428 Serra Azul, the, i, 399-405, 411 Serra das Pedra, i, 405 Serra de Almerin, ii, 387 Serra de Callos, i, 70, 74 Serra de Pasco, ii, 435 Serra de Sta. Rita (or Dourada), i, 96 Serra do Sappé, i, 77 Serra do Tombador, i, 419, 429 Sete Lagõas, i, 413-415, 416 Sillistayni towers, ii, 471 Siphonia elastica (_Hevea Brasiliensis_), or rubber trees, i, 429; ii, 4, 60, 63, 78, 91, 97, 249 Slavery, i, 423; ii, 11, 19, 22, 40 Snakes, i, 93; ii, 162, 180 Snakes of Brazil (Appendix), 485 Solimões River, ii, 416-418, 421 Sorveira (milk trees), ii, 10, 105, 288 Stars, i, 179 Starvation, ii, 300-345 Sungaro Paro Mts., ii, 437
Tabatinga, ii, 418 Table of comparative anthropometric measurements, i, 261 Tamandua Bandeira, the, i, 307, 316 Tambos, ii, 438, 441, 443, 444, 446, 447, 448 Tapajoz River, ii, 367-385 Tapanhonas Indians, ii, 70 Tapiche River, ii, 423 _Tapirus Americanus_ (Anta), i, 316; ii, 76, 345 Tarma, ii, 452 Taxipa I., ii, 390 Telepathy, ii, 363 Termites (_Termes album_), i, 155-8, 348, 431 Terra Blanca Lake, ii, 426 Thermal springs, i, 76 Titicaca Lake, ii, 471, 474 Tocantins River, i, 110 Toledo, Pedro de, i, 7, 12, 15 Trans-Andine Railway, ii, 475 _Troglodytes fuscus_, ii, 395 Tucano, the, i, 164 Tunnels, ii, 451, 452, 454
Uancabamba, ii, 435 Uberaba, i, 48 Uberabinha, i, 50 Ucayalli River, ii, 421-431 Urubu, i, 154 Useful Plants (Appendix), 477-480
Valparaiso, ii, 475 Vampire Indians, ii, 432 _Vastres gigas_ (pirarucú), ii, 387 Venus, i, 296; ii, 128 Vocabularies of Indian languages--Apiacar, Bororo, Campas, Mundurucu (Appendix), 486-496
Water during long periods of starvation, ii, 309 Watersheds, i, 96, 349, 355, 414 Wellman's Balloon, ii, 425 Wild boar, i, 152 Wireless telegraphy, ii, 422, 437 Women of Goyaz, i, 128 Woods for construction (Appendix), 477-480 Woods, fibrous (Appendix), 477-480 Woods, lactiferous (Appendix), 477-480 Woods, oleaginous (Appendix), 477-480 Woods, resinous (Appendix), 477-480
Yanna Yakka River, ii, 425 Yessup, ii, 438 Yuta (jute), ii, 425
_Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury._
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