Part 6

Now cut at the joints, allowing an ⅛-inch for the fitting of the joint after the wreath is cut and roughed out. Use another piece of timber about 2 inches thick, to form the bed block, and cut it to the pitch accurate and square in thickness. Screw or pin it to the under side of the wreath piece (see Fig. 95), taking care to get it parallel with the shank, and the nails in clear of the saw. Then proceed to cut the wreath with the band saw, beginning at the circular part, and work it to the shank inside and outside. This operation should be performed most carefully with a narrow band saw, having a strong set and strained tight, feeding very slowly. The wreath should require hardly any spoke shaving. Knock off the block and draw a chalk mark across the table, just in front of the teeth. The use of this line is to assist the operator to get the outside of the wreath always touching this spot in front of the saw. He must carefully lower his hand until it is down level at the shank end. The top is cut first, and the saw should skim along the outside top arris, giving a sweep that cannot be excelled in graduation of curve. Then set a gauge to the thickness of the rail, mark a line on the inside of the wreath, and cut as before. With a little practice a wreath can be turned off the band saw ready for molding. When the shank is too long, it is always better to nail the bed block on top of the wreath, and cut it upside down, thus getting the curve portion near the table. Then the shank can be run in with the band saw when the block is knocked off. The foregoing is for a single-pitch wreath as used for stairs with level landings and narrow wells. Where the rails are pitched both ways, the bed block has to be cut at the double inclination. (See preceding answers.)

INDEX

A. B. C. STEEL SQUARE—THE STEEL SQUARE AND ITS USES.

Division A.

Preface 1 Introductory remarks 3 Some useful advice 7 Framing posts, girts and braces 9 Testing a steel square 11 Practical uses of the steel square 13 Some rules for roof framing 16 Octagon rules 19 Lines on steel square explained 22 Varieties of squares 29 Bridge-builder’s square 31 Crenelated square 34 Test diagrams 37 Degrees on the square 44

Division B.

Introductory 47 Slotted fence 48 Laying out stairs 49 Laying out rafters 51 Metal fences 53 Fence adjusted for stair strings 55 Brace rules and diagrams 57 Regular and irregular runs 60 Roof framing 63 Cutting rafters 64 Octagon rafter bevels 65 Hip and valley rafters 65 Jack rafters 66 Bevels for hips, valleys and jack rafters 66 Measuring rafters 68 Different pitches for roofs 70 Some pointers in roof framing 72 Roof diagrams 79 Rise and run of rafters, hips and jacks 82 Cuts and bevels for rafters 86 Unequal pitches 91 Hip-roof with deck 96

Division C.

Introductory 97 Diagram of hip-roof 98 To cut jack rafters 100 Hopper miters 101 Questions and answers for correspondents 102 Joints for obtuse or acute angles 102 Drawing circle with square 104 Laying out stair wreath with square 105 Bevel for miter cap 105 Face mould by the square 106 Making pitch-board by the square 107 To lay out braces, girts and trusses 108 Braces, regular and irregular 109 Diagram of braces in position 112 Finding center of circles 113 Stair with three windows 114 Pitches and bevels for hand-rail 115 Traces for hand-rail bevels 116 Cutting out rails with band saw 118 Diagram of hand-railing 119 Tangents in hand-railing 121 Getting horizontal trace of hand-railing 122 Instrument for laying out hand-rails 124 Framing a hip-roof 125 Diagram of hip and rafter lines 126 Rafter measurement on the square 127 Bevels and cuts of roof 128 Plumb and horizontal cuts for hips 129 Length of rafters, hips and jacks on square 131 Rules for cutting rafters 133 Stair wreath for level landing 133 Wreath for single pitch rail 134 Block for cutting wreath 135 Square and plumb 136

Transcriber’s Notes

--Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.

--Silently corrected a few palpable typos.

--Moved illustrations to the nearest paragraph break.

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