A Text-book of Diseases of Women

The average length of the normal Fallopian tube is 4 inches (10 centimeters). The tubes are often of unequal length, the difference sometimes being equal to 1 centimeter. The le...

Fibroid tumors originate in the muscular wall of the uterus. They are composed of elements resembling, to a greater or less extent, those that compose the middle uterine wall. T...

A detailed description of such anatomical relations is out of place here. It is especially important to study the distribution of the arterial supply and the relations of the ur...

The examination of the urethra and bladder has been very much facilitated by the methods and instruments that have been popularized in this country by Kelly. The following appar...

The technique of some of the special gynecological operations, such as perineorrhaphy, and trachelorrhaphy, has already been considered in discussing the treatment of the condit...

In a few cases menstruation appears for one, two, or three periods after the operation, usually in diminished amount, and then ceases for ever. In some other cases there is a pe...

Cancer of the cervix uteri is a very common disease. About one-third of all cases of cancer in women affect the uterus. Like cancer in other parts of the body, the disease has b...

=Retroversion= of the uterus means a turning back or a backward rotation of that organ. The shape of the uterus may not be altered. The fundus, instead of lying forward upon the...

In the discussion of the secondary changes, the clinical history, and the treatment of cysts, the oöphoritic, paroöphoritic, and parovarian cysts will be considered together und...

The injuries to the perineum that may result from childbirth are classified according to the position or the direction and extent of the laceration. They are as follows: slight...

The histogenesis of cystic tumors of the ovary is not yet definitely settled. Every structure that enters into the composition of the ovary has been supposed to form the startin...

Fecundation may take place in the Fallopian tube, because spermatozoa may pass through the uterus and the tube into the pelvic cavity; but unless something occurs to arrest the...

Laceration of the neck of the uterus is of very frequent occurrence. It is said that nearly every woman suffers with a laceration of greater or less extent at her first labor. T...

ABDOMINAL DRAINAGE.--Drainage of the peritoneum is accomplished by means of the glass drainage-tube (Fig. 202), or by capillary drainage with gauze. The peritoneum may be draine...

Hernia of the ovary may take place through the inguinal ring. Congenital hernia of the ovary is extremely rare. Bland Sutton says that there is no properly authenticated case. N...

Acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus is called acute corporeal endometritis. The disease is usually the result of septic infection occurring at a...

=Examination of the Abdomen.=--In order to make a perfectly satisfactory examination of the abdomen, the woman should be in bed, with all clothing removed except the undershirt...

Prolapse of the uterus means a falling of that organ below its normal level. The condition is popularly spoken of as “falling of the womb.” There are an infinite number of degre...

=Vulvitis.=--Vulvitis, or inflammation of the vulva, is not a common disease. The vulva is composed of several parts which are anatomically distinct, and, though all these parts...

Fistulous openings may exist between the different portions of the genital tract and the neighboring structures. Such fistulæ are the result of childbirth, operative or other fo...

Gonorrhea in women has been considered disconnectedly in the preceding pages as one of several pathological conditions that affect the different parts of the genital tract. A mo...

Cancer of the body of the uterus is a rare disease in comparison with cancer of the cervix. The older statistics--those of Schroeder--appear to show that the disease begins in t...

The mucous membrane of the cervical canal may be the seat of acute or chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation usually occurs as part of a general acute process affecting the wh...

The after-treatment of celiotomy is usually very simple. A special nurse is required for the first three days. The patient should lie upon her back for the first two or three da...

Menstruation, or the regular periodical discharge of blood from the uterus, is a phenomenon that occurs only in the human race and in some monkeys. The anatomical changes that a...

Tuberculosis attacks the Fallopian tubes much more frequently than any other part of the genital apparatus. The disease may be associated with tuberculosis of the peritoneum or...

In inversion of the uterus this organ is turned partly or completely inside out. The condition usually results from childbirth or from the growth of an interstitial or polypoid...

=Inflammation of the Vagina.=--Acute inflammation of the vagina is not a very common affection. Primary inflammation confined to the vagina alone is unusual. The disease in most...

As has already been said, the uterus normally lies with its anterior surface in contact with the posterior surface of the bladder, and with its long axis approximately perpendic...

=Rectocele.=--A rectocele (Fig. 56) is the tumor formed by the protrusion of the lower part of the posterior vaginal wall into the vagina or through the ostium vaginæ. The condi...

Solid tumors of the ovary are of rare occurrence. They are said to be found in about 5 per cent. of all the cases of ovarian tumors that are submitted to operation.

The uterus normally lies with its anterior surface in contact with the posterior aspect of the bladder, no intestines intervening. The absolute and relative positions of the ute...

Congenital malformations are found in all parts of the genital tract. Some of the more common forms, like arrested development of the uterus, have been referred to in the previo...

The parovarium consists of a series of fine tubules lying between the layers of the mesosalpinx. It may be seen in the fresh specimen by holding the mesosalpinx stretched betwee...

Gynecology is the study of diseases peculiar to women. As woman possesses organs which man has not, and as the parts--physiological and social--that she plays in life differ fro...

In describing the lesions of laceration of the cervix and cervical catarrh, frequent mention has been made of the cervical erosion or the catarrhal patch. The erosion, or red gr...

=Anatomy.=--The ovaries vary a good deal in size, within the limits of health, in different individuals. It is unusual to find the two ovaries in the same person exactly alike i...

Subinvolution of the uterus is a condition that results from imperfect involution of the uterus after labor, abortion, or miscarriage. The muscular and fibrous structures of the...

The menopause is the final cessation of menstruation. The age at which it occurs is dependent upon a great variety of conditions--nationality, climate, mode of life, constitutio...

An accurate knowledge of the anatomy and mechanism of the female perineum is essential to an understanding of the nature and treatment of injuries to this structure. The anatomi...

Tuberculosis of the uterus is not a very rare disease. In this respect it differs from tuberculosis of the cervix, which, as has already been said, is a most unusual site for th...

=Cervical Polypi.=--Polypoid tumors are found growing from the mucous membrane of the cervical canal, projecting into the canal or protruding from the external os. The mucous po...

If there exists in the genital tract any obstruction that prevents the escape of menstrual blood, the uterus will become distended and the condition of _hematometra_ will be pre...

Removal of the Uterine Appendages (Salpingo-oöphorectomy), 504.--Removal of an Ovarian Cyst, 512.--Operation for the Removal of Intra-ligamentous Cysts, 514.--Marsupialization o...

Diseases of the Urethra, 426.--Urethritis, 427.--Stricture of the Urethra, 430.--Prolapse of the Mucous Membrane of the Urethra, 431.--Vesico-urethral Fissure, 431.--Dilatation...

Vulvitis, 36.--Inflammation of the Vulvo-vaginal Glands, 38.--Suppuration of the Vulvo-vaginal Gland, 39.--Cysts of the Vulvo-vaginal Glands, 40.--Pruritus Vulvæ, 42.--Kraurosis...

Secondary Changes or Accidents of Ovarian Cysts, 374.--Inflammation and Suppuration, 374.--Torsion of the Pedicle, or Axial Rotation, 375.--Rupture of Ovarian Cysts, 377.--The C...

Abdominal Drainage, 480.--Gauze-drainage, 482.--Indications for Drainage, 484.--Vaginal Drainage, 487.--The Incision of the Abdominal Wall, 487.--Exploration of the Abdomen, 489...

Operating-room, 461.--Apparatus, 462.--Operator, Assistants, Nurses, 463.--Sterilization of Dressings, Towels, etc., 466.--Sterilization of Instruments, 466.--The Water, 467.--S...

Slight Median Laceration of the Perineum, 67.--Median Tear involving the Sphincter Ani, 68.--Laceration through the Sphincter Ani, involving the Recto-vaginal Septum, 73.--Lacer...

Cancer of the Body of the Uterus, 218.--Malignant Adenoma, 221.--Sarcoma of the Uterus, 225.--Diffuse Sarcoma of the Mucous Membrane, 225.--Sarcoma of the Uterine Parenchyma, 22...

Hernia of the Ovary, 334.--Prolapse of the Ovary, 335.--Inflammation of the Ovary, Oöphoritis, or Ovaritis, 339.--Acute Oöphoritis, 339.--Chronic Oöphoritis, 341.--Apoplexy of t...

Examination of the Abdomen, 19.--Examination of the External Genitals and Pelvic Structures, 22.--Vaginal and Bimanual Examination, 23.--Examination of the Rectum, 33.--Examinat...