A Synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha
mi. W Hoisington (16509 KU); Lane County (5520 KU); Elkader (5595
KU). Colorado: Arvada (Cary, 1911:158). Wyoming: 6400 ft., 3 mi. E Horse Creek, P. O. (15936 KU). Nebraska: 8 mi. E Chadron (39380 KU). Montana: _Little Missouri River, 7 mi. NE Albion_ (Hall and Kelson, 1951:52); Box Elder Creek, 25 mi. SW Sykes (_ibid._). North Dakota: Oakdale (Bailey, 1927:134).
SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS SUBCINCTUS (Miller).
1899. _Lepus floridanus subcinctus_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 386, October 5, type from Hacienda El Molino, near Negrete, Michoac['a]n.
1904. _Sylvilagus floridanus subcinctus_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:181).--Jalisco: Lagos. Guanajuato: Ac['a]mbaro. Michoac['a]n: _Querendaro_. Jalisco: _Ameca_; Etzatl['a]n.
SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS YUCATANICUS (Miller).
1899. _Lepus floridanus yucatanicus_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 384, September 29, type from M['e]rida, Yucat['a]n.
1904. _Sylvilagus floridanus yucatanicus_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:191).--Yucat['a]n: Progreso; type locality. Campeche: Campeche.
=Sylvilagus transitionalis= (Bangs)
New England Cottontail
1895. _Lepus sylvaticus transitionalis_ Bangs, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 26:405, January 31, type from Liberty Hill, New London County, Connecticut.
1909. _Sylvilagus transitionalis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:195, August 31.
_Marginal records._--Vermont: west side at Canadian boundary (Osgood, F. L., Jr., 1938:440); Montpelier (_ibid._). Maine: Sagadahoc County (Palmer, 1944:194); _Androscoggin County_ (_ibid._). New York: Miller Place (Nelson, 1909:199). Virginia: Roanoke County (Llewellyn and Handley, 1946:385). North Carolina: Roan Mtn. (Nelson, 1909:199). Georgia: Brasstown Bald Mtn. (A. H. Howell, 1921:71). Alabama: Erin (_ibid._); Ardell (_ibid._). Tennessee: Walden Ridge, "near" Soddy (Kellogg, 1939:291). West Virginia: Ronceverte (Kellogg, 1937:473). Pennsylvania: Renovo (Nelson, 1909:199). New York: Lake George (_ibid._).
Total length, 388; tail, 39; hind foot, 95; ear from notch (dry), 52. Upper parts almost pinkish buff, varying to almost ochraceous buff; back overlaid by a distinct black wash giving a penciled effect; anterior extension of supraorbital process obsolete or short and closely appressed to orbital rim; tympanic bullae small, smaller than in any subspecies of _S. floridanus_ in the United States. _S. transitionalis_ is a forest-inhabiting species--more so than is _S. floridanus_.
=Sylvilagus nuttallii=
Nuttall Cottontail
(See figure 39)
Total length, 350-390; tail, 44-50; hind foot, 88-100; ear from notch (dry), 55-56; weight in Nevada, [MALE] 678, 3 [FEMALE] 928 (868-1032) grams. Hind feet densely covered with long hair; ear short; tympanic bulla of moderate size. In the northern part of its range _S. nuttallii_ occurs principally in the sagebrush areas but it occurs also in the timbered areas of the Transition Life-zone and almost exclusively in timbered areas in the southern part of its range. From _S. floridanus_, _S. nuttallii_ along the eastern margin of its range differs in more slender rostrum, and larger external auditory meatus. In New Mexico and Arizona, _S. nuttallii_ differs from _S. floridanus_ in the posteriorly pointed and un-notched supraoccipital shield and in the posterior extension of the supraorbital process, the tip of which projects free from the braincase or merely lies against the braincase instead of being firmly welded to the side of the skull. From _S. audubonii_, _S. nuttallii_ differs in shorter ears, smaller tympanic bullae and smaller hind legs; _S. nuttallii_ usually occurs at higher elevations, or where the two occur at approximately the same elevation _S. nuttallii_ occurs in wooded or brushy areas and _S. audubonii_ lives on the plains or in relatively open country. Eight females contained an average of 6.1 (4-8) embryos.
SYLVILAGUS NUTTALLII GRANGERI (J. A. Allen).
1895. _Lepus sylvaticus grangeri_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:264, August 21, type from Hill City, Black Hills, Pennington County, South Dakota.
1909. _Sylvilagus nuttalli grangeri_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:204, August 31.
1904. _Lepus l[aticinctus]. perplicatus_ Elliott, Field Columb. Mus., publ. 87, zool. ser., 3:255, January 7, type from Hannopee [= Hannaupah] Canyon, Panamint Mts., Inyo County, California.
_Marginal records._--Alberta: Steveville (Anderson, 1943:25). Saskatchewan (_ibid._): Cypress Hills; Johnston Lake; Big Muddy Lake. North Dakota: Goodall (V. Bailey, 1927:137). South Dakota: Custer (Nelson, 1909:207). Wyoming: 2 mi. W Horse Creek P. O. (15935 KU); Sherman (Nelson, 1909:207). Colorado: Meeker (Warren, 1942:272). Utah (Nelson, 1909:207): Mt. Ellen; "Upper Kanab"; Panguitch. Nevada (Hall, 1946:612): 1/4 mi. W Utah-Nev. boundary, 38[deg] 17' N, 7300 ft.; S end Belted Range, 5 mi. NW Whiterock Spring, 7200 ft.; Chiatovich Creek, 7000 ft.; 2-1/2 mi. E and 1 mi. S Grapevine Peak, 6700 ft.; Charleston Park, Kyle Ca[~n]on, 8000 ft. California (Orr, 1940:103): Johnson Canyon, 6500 ft.; nr. Woodfords, 5500 ft. Nevada (Hall, 1946:612): Calvada; Hardscrabble Canyon; Paradise Valley. Idaho (Davis, 1939:363): S. Fork Owyhee River, 12 mi. N Nevada line; Crane Creek, 15 mi. E Midvale; Lemhi. Montana: 4 mi. W Hamilton (Jellison, MS); 2 mi. N Moise Lake (_ibid._). Alberta: Cardston (Anderson, 1947:105).
SYLVILAGUS NUTTALLII NUTTALLII (Bachman).
1837. _Lepus nuttallii_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:345, type locality probably eastern Oregon near mouth of Malheur River.
1904. _Sylvilagus nuttallii_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:323, June 15.
_Marginal records._--British Columbia: Anarchist Mtn., Osoyoos (Cowan, 1940:9). Washington: Kettle Falls (Dalquest, 1941:408). Idaho: Couer d' Alene (Rust, 1946:322); _Lewiston_ (Davis, 1939:361); Fiddle Creek (_ibid._). Nevada (Hall, 1946:612): 5800 ft., Quinn River Crossing; _1/2 mi. S Granite Cr., Granite Mts._; _Smoke Creek, 9 mi. E California line_; 4-1/2 mi. S Flanigan. California: Truckee (Orr, 1940:101); _Beckwith_ (_ibid._); Weed (Orr, 1940:100); Yreka (_ibid._). Oregon (V. Bailey, 1936:107): near Ashland; Bend; The Dalles. Washington: Grand Dalles (Taylor and Shaw, 1929:29); Yakima Valley (_ibid._); Douglas (Nelson, 1909:203).
SYLVILAGUS NUTTALLII PINETIS (J. A. Allen).
1894. _Lepus sylvaticus pinetis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6:348, December 7, type from White Mts., south of Mt. Ord, Apache County, Arizona, according to Warren (Mammals of Colorado, 1942:270).
1909. _Sylvilagus nuttalli pinetis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:207, August 31.
_Marginal records._--Colorado (Nelson, 1909:210): Arkins; Golden; Greenhorn Mts. New Mexico: Sierra Grande (Nelson, 1909:211); Willis (_ibid._); Zuni Mts. (V. Bailey, 1932:60). Arizona: type locality. Utah (Durrant, MS): 4-1/2 mi. NW Bluff; Block Canyon, 19 mi. SE Moab, 5400 ft.; _5 mi. NE La Sal P. O., 8000 ft._
=Sylvilagus audubonii=
Audubon Cottontail
Total length, 350-420; tail, 45-75; hind foot, 75-100; ear from notch (dry), 55-70; weight of _S. a. vallicola_, 7 [MALE] 912 (835-988), 2 [FEMALE] 1096, 1191 grams. Long hind legs, long ears, sparseness of hair on the ears, shortness of hair on the feet, prominent (upturned) supraorbital process of the skull and much inflated tympanic bullae are characters of this wide-spread species. Embryos in 19 Californian females averaged 3.6 (2-6) per female.
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII ARIZONAE (J. A. Allen).
1877. [_Lepus sylvaticus_] var. _arizonae_ J. A. Allen, Monogr. North Amer. Rodentia, p. 332, August, type from Beals Spring, Yavapai Co., Arizona.
1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni arizonae_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:222, August 31.
1896. _Lepus arizonae major_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:557, June 24, type from Calabasas, Pima County, Arizona.
1904. _Lepus laticinctus_ Elliot, Field Columb. Mus., publ. 87, zool. ser., 3:254, January 7, type from Oro Grande, Mohave Desert, San Bernardino County, California.
1904. _Lepus l[aticinctus]. rufipes_ Elliot, Field Columb. Mus., publ. 87, zool. ser., 3:254, January 7, type from Furnace Cr., Inyo Co., California.
_Marginal records._--Utah (Durrant, MS): 2 mi. SW Fish Springs; Holden; 7 mi. SW Tropic. Arizona (Nelson, 1909:225): Seligman; Ft. Verde; Dos Cabesos. Sonora (Burt, 1938:69): Tecoripa; La Libertad Ranch. Baja California: San Matias Pass (Nelson, 1909:225). California: Vallecito (Orr, 1940:126); Fairmont, Antelope Valley (_ibid._); Little Lake, 3300 ft. (Orr, 1940:125); 5300-5639 ft., near Benton (_ibid._). Nevada (Hall, 1946:614): Arlemont; 4 mi. E Smith Creek Cave.
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII AUDUBONII (Baird).
1858. _Lepus audubonii_ Baird, Mamm. N. Amer., p. 608, July 14, type from San Francisco, San Francisco County, California.
1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:214, August 31.
_Marginal records_ (Orr, 1940:115).--California: 600 ft., Paines Creek; Rackerby; Pleasant Valley; Snelling; 2 mi. S mouth Salinas River, northward not reaching coast again except at San Francisco, thence around shores of San Francisco Bay to mouth of Carquinez Straits and northward along western side of Sacramento Valley to Winslow, 5 mi. W Fruto.
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII BAILEYI (Merriam).
1897. _Lepus baileyi_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:148, June 9, type from Spring Creek, east side of Bighorn Basin, Bighorn County, Wyoming.
1908. _Sylvilagus auduboni baileyi_, Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 22:336.
_Marginal records._--Montana: Great Falls of the Missouri (Nelson, 1909:234). North Dakota: Wade on the Cannonball River (V. Bailey, 1927:138). South Dakota: Corral Draw (Nelson, 1909:234). Nebraska: Glen (_ibid._). Kansas: 2-1/2 mi. S and 4 mi. W Oberlin (19035 KU); Wakeeney (1203 KU). Colorado (Nelson, 1909:234): Monon; The Cedars; Quenda [=Querida]; Salida. Wyoming: 1/2 mi. W Horse Creek P. O. (15948 KU). Colorado (Nelson, 1909:234): White Rock [2 mi. above Meeker, 6400 ft.]; 20 mi. SW Rangely. Utah (Durrant, MS): 8 mi. S Myton; 6 mi. NW Duchesne; 10 mi. E Mountain Home. Wyoming (Nelson, 1909:234): Ft. Bridger; Big Piney; Circle. Montana: Stillwater (_ibid._). Phillips Creek, Montana (Nelson 1909:234) not found.
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII CEDROPHILUS Nelson.
1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni cedrophilus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:83, July 22, type from Cactus Flat, 20 mi. N Cliff, Grant County, New Mexico.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:230).--Arizona: San Francisco Mts. New Mexico: Gallup; Santa Rosa; Capitan; Ancho; Isleta; Burro Mts. Arizona: Springerville.
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII CONFINIS (J. A. Allen).
1898. _Lepus arizonae confinis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10: 146, April 12, type from Playa Maria, Baja California.
1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni confinis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:220, August 31.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:221).--Baja California: type locality; San Bruno, thence southerly over peninsula to tip.
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII GOLDMANI (Nelson).
1904. _Lepus arizonae goldmani_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:107, May 18, type from Culiac['a]n, Sinaloa.
1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni goldmani_ Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:225, August 31.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:226).--Sonora: Ortiz; Camoa. Sinaloa: Bacubirito; type locality.
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII MINOR (Mearns).
1896. _Lepus arizonae minor_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:557, June 24, type from El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.
1907. _S[ylvilagus]. a[uduboni]_. minor, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:83, July 22.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:228, unless otherwise noted).--New Mexico: [12 mi. N] Tularosa. Texas: Kent; Haymond; Langtry. Durango (Nelson, 1909:229): Inde; Rancho Bailon; R['i]o Campo. Arizona: San Bernardino Ranch. New Mexico: Red Rock; _Lordsburg_.
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII NEOMEXICANUS Nelson.
1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni neomexicanus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:83, July 22, type from Fort Sumner, Guadalupe County, New Mexico.
_Marginal records._--Kansas: 1 mi. E Coolidge (12976 KU); Rezeau Ranch, 5 mi. N Belvidere (13208 KU). Texas: Wichita Falls (Nelson, 1909:236); San Angelo (_ibid._); Adam [=15 mi. E Adams] (Nelson, 1909:236); 28 mi. S Alpine (Borell and Bryant, 1942:39); _15 mi. S Alpine_, (Hall and Kelson, 1951:57); 7 mi. NE Marfa (Blair, 1940:34); Toyahvale [= 10 mi. S of] (Nelson, 1909:236); McKittrick Canyon (Davis and Robertson, 1944:271). New Mexico: Roswell (V. Bailey, 1932:54); Emory Peak (_ibid._).
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII PARVULUS (J. A. Allen).
1904. _Lepus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _parvulus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20:34, February 29, type from Apam, Hidalgo.
1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni parvulus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:236, August 31.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:237, unless otherwise noted).--Texas: Llano; San Diego; Rio Grande City. Tamaulipas: El Mulato (Dice, 1937:256); Miquihuana. San Luis Potos['i]: Rio Verde. Veracruz: Perote. Puebla: Chalchicomula. Guanajuato: Silao. Durango: Durango City. Coahuila: Monclova. Texas: Comstock.
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII SANCTIDIEGI (Miller).
1899. _Lepus floridanus sanctidiegi_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 51:389, October 5, type from Mexican Boundary Monument No. 258, shore of Pacific Ocean, San Diego County, California.
1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni sanctidiegi_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:218, August 31.
_Marginal records._--California (Orr, 1940:122): Sespe; Reche Canyon near Colton; San Felipe Canyon. Baja California (Nelson, 1909:220): Nachog[:u]ero Valley; Santo Tomas, thence northerly along coast.
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII VALLICOLA Nelson.
1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni vallicola_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:82, July 22, type from San Emigdio Ranch, Kern County, California.
_Marginal records_ (Orr, 1940:118, unless otherwise noted).--California: Fresno Flat (Nelson, 1909:218); Badger (_ibid._); 2750 ft., Onyx; Tehachapi (Nelson, 1909:218); Mt. Pinos (Orr, 1940:119), northwesterly, seldom actually reaching coast, to central Monterey County thence easterly to point of beginning.
SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII WARRENI Nelson.
1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni warreni_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:83, July 22, type from Coventry, Montrose County, Colorado.
_Marginal records._--Utah: 5250 ft., Willow Creek (Durrant, MS). Colorado (Nelson, 1909:232): Rifle; Villa Grove; Medano Ranch. New Mexico: Hondo Canyon (Nelson, 1909:232); Cieneguilla (_ibid._); Juan Tafoya (Bailey, 1932:59). Arizona (Nelson, 1909:232): Holbrook; Winslow. Utah: Canesville (_sic_) (Nelson, 1909:232); Wellington (Durrant, MS).
=Sylvilagus aquaticus=
Swamp Rabbit
Total length, 530-540; tail, 67-71; hind foot, 105-110; length of ear from notch (dry), 63-67. Upper parts blackish brown or reddish brown; underparts with some white; under side of tail white; skull robust; posterior extensions of supraorbital processes joined for their entire length with side of braincase or, in some specimens, with a small foramen between the braincase and the base of the posterior extension of the supraorbital process. This big rabbit is a stronger runner than the smaller marsh rabbit and is easily distinguished from the smaller species by larger size and white, instead of brownish or grayish, underside of the tail.
SYLVILAGUS AQUATICUS AQUATICUS (Bachman).
1837. _Lepus aquaticus_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:319, type locality western Alabama.
1909. _Sylvilagus aquaticus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:270, August 31.
1895. _Lepus aquaticus attwateri_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:327, November 8, type from Medina River, 18 mi. S San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas.
1899. _Lepus telmalemonus_ Elliot, Field Columb. Mus., publ. 38, zool. ser., 1:285, May 25, type from Washita River, near Dougherty, Murray County, Oklahoma.
_Marginal records._--Illinois: 6 mi. N Sesser (Cockrum, 1949:427). Indiana: Point Township (Harrison and Hickie, 1931:319). Tennessee: 5 mi. W Hornbeak (Kellogg, 1939:292); Henryville (A. H. Howell, 1909:63). Alabama: Huntsville (Nelson, 1909:273); Big Crow Creek near Stevenson (A. H. Howell, 1921:71). South Carolina: "about" 3 mi. SE Westminster (F. Sherman, 1939:259); "about" 5 mi. W Iva (_ibid._). Georgia: Fulton County (_ibid._); Lumpkin (Nelson, 1909:273). Alabama: Castleberry (_ibid._). Louisiana: Covington (Lowery, 1936:32); Kleinpeter (_ibid._). Texas (Nelson, 1909:273): Sourlake; Richmond; Medina River, 18 mi. SW San Antonio; Gurley. Oklahoma: 7 mi. NW Stillwater (Blair, 1939:129). Kansas: Crawford County (8826 KU). Arkansas: along White River near Springdale (Black, 1936:34). Missouri: 3 mi. SW Udall (Leopold and Hall, 1945:145). Arkansas: White River near Augusta (Dellinger and Black, 1940:190). Missouri: St. Francis River, W of Senath (Nelson, 1909:273).
SYLVILAGUS AQUATICUS LITTORALIS Nelson.
1909. _Sylvilagus aquaticus littoralis_ Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:273, August 31, type from Houma, Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana.
_Range._--Swamps and marshes along Gulf Coast, wholly within Lower Austral Life-zone, below 50 ft., from Mobile Bay west to Matagordo Bay. Inland _Marginal records_.--Alabama: Blakely Island opposite Mobile (A. H. Howell, 1921:73). Mississippi: Bay St. Louis (Nelson, 1909:275). Louisiana: Rayne (Lowery, 1936:32); Hackberry (Nelson, 1909:275). Texas: Matagorda (Nelson, 1909:275).
=Sylvilagus insonus= (Nelson)
Omilteme Cottontail
(See figure 39)
1904. _Lepus insonus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:103, May 18, type from Omilteme, Guerrero. Known from type locality only.
1909. _Sylvilagus insonus_, Lyon and Osgood, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:34, January 28 (see Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 100:335, May 26, 1950, for allocation of _S. insonus_ to subgenus _Sylvilagus_ instead of to subgenus _Tapeti_).
Total length, 435; tail, 42.5; hind foot, 95; ear from notch (dry), 61. Color grayish brown above and dingy (not white) below; tail dingy buffy below and dull rusty brown above. The collectors thought that the species was restricted to the forested parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur between 7000 and 10,000 feet altitude in the Mexican state of Guerrero.
=Sylvilagus cunicularius=
Mexican Cottontail
Total length, 485-515; tail, 54-68; hind foot, 108-111; ear from notch (dry), 60-63. Pelage coarse; upper parts brownish gray; skull massive; posterior extensions of supraorbital processes varying from those that project free to those that have the tips, or tips and a considerable part of the processes, attached to the braincase.
SYLVILAGUS CUNICULARIUS CUNICULARIUS (Waterhouse).
1848. _Lepus cunicularius_ Waterhouse, Nat. Hist. Mammalia, 2:132, type from Zacualpan (probably in state of M['e]xico).
1909. _Sylvilagus cunicularius_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:239, August 31.
1890. _Lepus verae-crucis_ Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 74, June, type from Las Vigas, Veracruz.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:241).--Hidalgo: Tulancingo. Veracruz: Las Vigas; Orizaba. Oaxaca: Mt. Zempoaltepec; Suchixtepec. Guerrero: Chilpancingo. Michoac['a]n (Hall and Villa, 1949:469). P['a]tzcuaro; Tanc['i]taro.
SYLVILAGUS CUNICULARIUS INSOLITUS (J. A. Allen).
1890. _Lepus insolitus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:189, December 10, type from plains of Colima, Jalisco.
1909. _Sylvilagus cunicularius insolitus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:243, August 31.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:244).--Sinaloa: Mazatlan; Rosario; Esquinapa. Nayarit: Acaponeta. Colima: Colima; Armeria, thence northward along Pacific Coast.
SYLVILAGUS CUNICULARIUS PACIFICUS (Nelson).
1904. _Lepus veraecrucis pacificus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:104, May 18, type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
1909. _Sylvilagus cunicularius pacificus_, Lyon and Osgood, Catal. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:35, January 28.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:242).--Guerrero: El Lim['o]n. Oaxaca: Llano Grande, thence westward along Pacific Coast.
=Sylvilagus graysoni= (J. A. Allen)
Tres Marias Cottontail
1877. _Lepus graysoni_ J. A. Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Rodentia, p. 347, August, type from Tres Marias Islands, Jalisco; probably Mar['i]a Madre Island. (See Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 14:16, April 29, 1899.)
1904. _Sylvilagus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _graysoni_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:245): Mar['i]a Madre Island; Mar['i]a Magdalena Island.
Total length, 480; tail, 51; hind foot, 99; ear from notch (dry), 57. This insular species is closely related to _Sylvilagus cunicularius_ of the adjacent mainland but has notably shorter ears and more reddish on the upper parts, sides and legs; the skull is slenderer, especially in the rostral region. The posterior extensions of the supraorbital process are united to the braincase throughout most of their length as in _Sylvilagus palustris_. The species seems to have a narrow vertical range, occurring from sea level up to only 200 feet.
Genus LEPUS Linnaeus--Hares and Jack Rabbits
Revised by Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:59-158, August 31, 1909. Concerning Shamel's (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:25, May 12, 1942) proposed changes of names for several species, see Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:45, October 1, 1951.
1758. _Lepus_ Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 1:57. Type _Lepus timidus_ Linnaeus.
1895. _Macrotolagus_ Mearns, Science, n. s., 1:698, June 21. Type, _Lepus alleni_ Mearns. (See Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:552, June 24, 1896.)
1904. _Poecilolagus_ Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:395, June 15. Type, _Lepus americanus_ Erxleben.
1904. _Lagos_ Palmer. N. Amer. Fauna, 23:361, January 23. Type, _Lepus arcticus_ Ross. _Lagos_ J. Brooks, a catalogue of the anatomical and zoological museum, pt. 1, p. 54, July, 1828, appears to be a _nomen nudum_.
1911. _Boreolepus_ Barrett-Hamilton, History of the British Mammalia, pt. 9, p. 160, November 17. Type, _Lepus groenlandicus_ Rhoads. (For status see Sutton and Hamilton, Mem. Carnegie Mus., 12 (pt. 2, sec. 1):78, August 4, 1932; also A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 17:331, November 16.)
Total length, 363-664; tail, 25-112; hind foot, 112-189; ear from notch (dry), 62-144. Upper parts grayish, brownish or black; interparietal bone fused to surrounding bones; cervical vertabrae long, 2nd and 3rd being longer than wide; transverse processes of lumbar vertabrae long, the longest one equal to the length of the centrum to which it is attached plus half of the length of the preceding centrum; free extremity of transverse process of lumbar vertebra considerably expanded; distance from anterior edge of acetabulum to extreme anterior point of ilium less than distance from former point to most distant point of ischium; ulna reduced in size along middle part of shaft, and, excepting the lower extremity, placed almost entirely behind radius.
All members of the genus _Lepus_ are technically hares, as these are defined in the account of the family Leporidae. The largest members of the order Lagomorpha are members of the genus _Lepus_. No domestic strains have been developed but effort in this direction might be profitable, in as much as the so-called Belgian hares of the related genus, _Oryctolagus_, have done well in captivity.
In the past it has been customary to recognize two or more subgenera of the genus _Lepus_. The species are a less diverse lot than those in some other genera, however, and it seems that no useful purpose is served by recognizing subgenera. Accordingly, the several names proposed for this purpose are arranged here as synonyms of the generic name _Lepus_ Linnaeus.
The introduction of the European Hare (_Lepus europaeus_) into the eastern part of the North American Continent has been successful in the sense that the animal is multiplying. If it continues to increase, the increase almost certainly will be at the expense of some native species of rabbit. This circumstance and the unfortunate consequences of the introduction of the European rabbit (_Oryctolagus cuniculus_) in New Zealand (see Wodzicki, 1950:107-141) and Australia (see Stead, 1925:355-358) give basis for effort to exterminate the alien species before it spreads more widely.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LEPUS
1. North of 34[deg] N latitude.
2. All white pelage (tips of ears sometimes black).
3. North of line from Port Simpson, British Columbia, to Halifax, Nova Scotia.
4. Basilar length of skull more than 67; ear from notch usually more than 73 dry (77 fresh); first upper incisors inscribing an arch of a circle the radius of which is more than 9.6 mm.
5. Geographic range east of Mackenzie River. _Lepus arcticus_, p. 178
5'. Geographic range west of Mackenzie River. _Lepus othus_, p. 177
4'. Basilar length of skull less than 67; ear from notch usually less than 73 dry (77 fresh); first upper incisors inscribing an arch of a circle the radius of which is less than 9.6 mm. _Lepus americanus_, p. 173
3'. South of a line from Port Simpson, British Columbia to Halifax, Nova Scotia.
5. Ear from notch more than 82 dry (87 fresh); least interorbital breadth more than 26 _Lepus townsendii_, p. 180
5'. Ear from notch less than 82 dry (87 fresh); least interorbital breadth less than 26 _Lepus americanus_, p. 173
2'. Brownish or grayish pelage.
6. Tail blackish or brownish all around (in specimens not having completed molt on tail, white winter pelage may be present); basilar length less than 67 mm. _Lepus americanus_, p. 173
6'. Tail partly or wholly white.
7. Tail black on upper surface.
8. Upper sides of hind feet without a trace of white; upper parts tawny. _Lepus europaeus_, p. 189
8'. Upper sides of hind feet with more or less white or whitish; upper parts grayish or brownish _Lepus californicus_, p. 181
7'. Tail all white or (in some _Lepus townsendii_) with faint buffy or dusky median line on top but this line not extending on to rump (as in _L. californicus_).
9. Geographic range north of a line from Port Simpson, British Columbia, to Halifax, Nova Scotia.
10. Geographic range east of Mackenzie River _Lepus arcticus_, p. 178
10'. Geographic range west of Mackenzie River _Lepus othus_, p. 177
9'. Geographic range south of a line from Port Simpson, British Columbia, to Halifax, Nova Scotia _Lepus townsendii_, p. 180
1'. South of 34[deg] N latitude.
11. In state of Tamaulipas, M['e]xico. _Lepus californicus_, p. 181
11'. Range outside Tamaulipas, M['e]xico.
12. Ears with terminal black patch (on outside). _Lepus californicus_ and _Lepus insularis_, pp. 181, 186
12'. Ears without terminal black patch.
13. Ear from notch, dry more than 130 (137 fresh), _Lepus alleni_, p. 188
13'. Ear from notch, dry less than 130 (137 fresh).
14. Nape more or less black.
15. Ears yellow; range Pacific Coastal region of Isthmus of Tehuantepec in southern Oaxaca and Chiapas. _Lepus flavigularis_, p. 188
15'. Ears dark buff, grayish, white and black; range north of Isthmus of Tehuantepec. _Lepus callotis_, p. 186
14'. Nape gray or grayish buff. _Lepus gaillardi_, p. 188
=Lepus americanus=
American Varying Hare
Total length, 363-520; tail, 25-55; hind foot, 112-150; ear from notch (dry), 62-70. Upper parts brownish or dusky grayish; hind feet brownish or white depending on subspecies; winter pelage white except in certain populations along Pacific Coast; basilar length less than 67; first upper incisors inscribing an arc of a circle the radius of which is less than 9.6 mm. There are two to six young in a litter according to Orr (1940:59).
LEPUS AMERICANUS AMERICANUS Erxleben.
1777. [_Lepus_] _americanus_ Erxleben, Systema Regni Animalis ..., 1:330, type locality Hudson Bay, Canada.
1778. _Lepus hudsonius_ Pallas, Glires, p. 30, type locality not stated.
1790. _Lepus nanus_ Schreber, S[:a]:a]ugethiere, 4:880-885, pl. 234B, a composite of _Lepus americanus_ and _Sylvilagus floridanus_. No type or type locality designated. Range given as from Hudson Bay to Florida.
1899. _Lepus bishopi_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:11, March 4, type from Mill Lake, Turtle Mts., North Dakota (inseparable from _L. a. americanus_ according to V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 49:138, January 8, 1927 [not December, 1926]).
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:89, unless otherwise noted).--Keewatin: Hudson Bay (Anderson, 1947:100). Ontario: Fort Severn (Nelson, 1909:88); around shore of Hudson Bay to approximately 56[deg] N thence to Ungava: Fort Chimo. Labrador: Hamilton Inlet. Ontario: North Bay of Lake Nipissing; Michipicoten Island; Isle Royal (Anderson, 1947:100). Manitoba: Dog Lake. Saskatchewan: Indian Head. North Dakota (V. Bailey, 1927:139): Mill Lake, Turtle Mts.; Grafton; "near" Fargo; Elbowoods; Buford. Saskatchewan: Battle Creek (Soper, 1946:149). Alberta: Red Deer; 50 mi. N Edmonton; Fort Chipewyan; Govt. Hay Camp, Slave River (Soper, 1942:140).
LEPUS AMERICANUS BAIRDII Hayden.
1869. _Lepus bairdii_ Hayden, Amer. Nat., 3:115, May, type locality Columbia Valley, Wind River Mts., Fremont County, Wyoming.
1875. [_Lepus americanus_] var. _bairdii_, J. A. Allen, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 17:431, February 17.
_Marginal records._--British Columbia: Elko (Anderson, 1947:100); Waterton Lakes Nat'l Park (_ibid._). Montana (Nelson, 1909:112): Fort Benton; Big Snowy Mts. Wyoming: 5 mi. E and 9 mi. N Pinedale (15924 KU); 3 mi. ESE Browns Peak (17603 KU). Colorado: Boulder Co. (Nelson, 1909:112). New Mexico: 10,500 ft., Agua Fria Mtn. (Hill, 1942:82); Pecos Baldy (V. Bailey, 1932:45); Chama (_ibid._). Utah (Durrant, MS unless otherwise noted): 18 mi. SE Manila; _30 mi. N Fort Duchesne_; _23 mi. N Fruitland_; 21 mi. N Escalante; 10 mi. E Marysvale; City Creek Canyon, Salt Lake City (Barnes, 1927:145). Idaho (Dalquest, 1942:181): Pocatello; _Payette_; Cuddy Mtn.; _Weippe_; Bitterroot Valley. _British Columbia: Newgate_ (Anderson, 1947:100).
LEPUS AMERICANUS CASCADENSIS Nelson.
1907. _Lepus bairdi cascadensis_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:87, December 11, type from Roab's ranch, near Hope, British Columbia.
1935. _Lepus americanus cascadensis_, Racey and Cowan, Rep't Prov. Mus. British Columbia, 1935:H28.
_Marginal records_ (Dalquest, 1942:177, unless otherwise noted).--British Columbia: type locality; Fairview-Keremeos Summit (Anderson, 1947:101). Washington: Lake Chelan; Trout Lake; Vance; _Mt. Rainier_; Entiat River, 20 mi. from mouth. British Columbia: Alta Lake.
LEPUS AMERICANUS COLUMBIENSIS Rhoads.
1895. _Lepus americanus columbiensis_ Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 242, July 2, type from Vernon, British Columbia.
_Marginal records._--Alberta: Banff Nat'l Park (Anderson, 1947:101); Jasper Nat'l Park (_ibid._). British Columbia: Creston (Dalquest, 1942:182). Washington: Republic (Dalquest, 1948:385); Moulson (Dalquest, 1942:182). British Columbia: Cottonwood Post Office (Dalquest, 1942:182); Indianpoint Lake (_ibid._).
LEPUS AMERICANUS DALLI Merriam.
1900. _Lepus americanus dalli_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:29, March 14, type from Nulato, Alaska.
_Marginal records._--Noatak River (Bailey and Hendee, 1926:21); Upper St. John River (Rausch, 1950:466); Koyukuk (Nelson, 1909:102); Anvik (_ibid._); Yukon Delta (_ibid._); thence northerly, in suitable habitat, along coast to Noatak River.
LEPUS AMERICANUS KLAMATHENSIS Merriam.
1899. _Lepus klamathensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16:100, October 28, type from head of Wood River, near Fort Klamath, Klamath County, Oregon.
1936. _Lepus americanus klamathensis_, V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 55:95, August 29.
_Marginal records._--Oregon (Dalquest, 1942:176): Mt. Hood; mouth Davis Creek. California (Orr, 1940:53): vicinity Fort Bidwell; 3000 ft., Rush Creek, 12 mi. from [N of] Weaverville. _Oregon: Estacada_ (Dalquest, 1942:176).
LEPUS AMERICANUS MACFARLANI Merriam.
1900. _Lepus americanus macfarlani_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:30, March 14, type from Fort Anderson, near mouth of Anderson River, Mackenzie.
1900. _Lepus saliens_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:39, October 6, type from Caribou Crossing, between Lake Bennett and Lake Tagish, Yukon.
1907. ? _Lepus niediecki_ Matschie, Niedieck's Kreuzfahrten im Beringmeer, p. 240, type locality Kasilof Lake, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:100, unless otherwise noted).--Mackenzie: type locality; Fort Franklin; Fort Rae; Fort Resolution; Fort Smith. British Columbia: Peace River and Alaska Highway (Anderson, 1947:101); Bennett. Alaska: Cordova (Philip, 1939:84); Mills Creek (_ibid._); Lake Clark; E. Fork Kuskokwim River (Dice, 1921:27); head N. Fork Kuskokwim (_ibid._); Fort Yukon. Yukon: Russell Mts.
LEPUS AMERICANUS OREGONUS Orr.
1934. _Lepus bairdii oregonus_ Orr, Jour. Mamm., 15:152, May 15, type from 12 mi. S Canyon City, 5500 ft., Grant County, Oregon.
1942. _Lepus americanus oregonus_, Dalquest, Jour. Mamm., 23:179, June 3.
_Marginal records._--Oregon (Dalquest, 1942:180): 22 mi. N Enterprise; _Wallowa Lake_; _summit of Blue Mts._; Ochoco Nat'l Forest, Harney County.
1938. _Lepus americanus pallidus_ Cowan, Jour. Mamm., 19:242, May 12, type from Chezacut Lake, Chiloctin River, British Columbia.
LEPUS AMERICANUS PALLIDUS Cowan.
_Marginal records._--British Columbia: 23 mi. N Hazelton (Dalquest, 1942:183); Berg Lake (_ibid._); Quesnel (Cowan, 1938:243); Lac La Hache (_ibid._); Bonaparte River, 5 days N Ashcroft (Dalquest, 1942:183); Kimsquit, Dean Channel (Anderson, 1947:102); Hazelton (Dalquest, 1942:183).
LEPUS AMERICANUS PHAEONOTUS J. A. Allen.
1899. _Lepus americanus phaeonotus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:11, March 4, type from Hallock, Kittson County, Minnesota.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:96, unless otherwise noted).--Manitoba: Selkirk Settlement. Ontario: Lake of the Woods (Anderson, 1947:102); Rainy Lake. Michigan: Houghton; Chippewa County (Burt, 1946:244); Presque Isle County (_ibid._); Wayne County (_ibid._); Jackson County (_ibid._); Allegan County (_ibid._). Wisconsin: Rhinelander; St. Croix River, Douglas Co. Minnesota: Elk River; Moores Lake; Warren; St. Vincent. Saskatchewan: Glen Ewen (Soper, 1946:149). Manitoba: Carberry (Anderson, 1947:102).
LEPUS AMERICANUS PINEUS Dalquest.
1942. _Lepus americanus pineus_ Dalquest, Jour. Mamm., 23:178, June 3, type from Cedar Mtn., Latah County, Idaho.
_Marginal records._--British Columbia (Anderson, 1947:102): Trail; Nelson Range south of Creston. Idaho (Dalquest, 1942:179): 5 mi. W Cocolalla; Troy. Washington (Dalquest, 1942:179): Blue Mts., Columbia County; _Marcus_. _British Columbia_: _Rossland_ (Anderson, 1947:102).
LEPUS AMERICANUS SECLUSUS Baker and Hankins.
1950. _Lepus americanus seclusus_ Baker and Hankins, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 63:63, May 25, type from 12 mi. E and 2 mi. N Shell, 7900 ft., Bighorn Mts., Big Horn County, Wyoming. Type locality is only precise locality.
LEPUS AMERICANUS STRUTHOPUS Bangs.
1898. _Lepus americanus struthopus_ Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:81, March 24, type from Digby, Nova Scotia.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:92, unless otherwise noted).--Newfoundland (introduced in 1864): Bay of Islands; Bay of St. George. Nova Scotia: type locality. Maine: Bucksport. Quebec: south of St. Lawrence River (Anderson, 1947:102). New Brunswick: Andover. Prince Edward Island: Alberton. Quebec: Grosse Isle, Magdalen Islands.
LEPUS AMERICANUS TAHOENSIS Orr.
1933. _Lepus washingtonii tahoensis_ Orr, Jour. Mamm., 14:54, February 14, type from 1/2 mi. S Tahoe Tavern, Placer County, California.
1942. [_Lepus americanus_] _tahoensis_, Dalquest, Jour. Mamm., 23:176, June 3.
_Marginal records._--California: vic. Mineral (Orr, 1940:56). Nevada: 350 yards NE junction of Nevada state line and N shore Lake Tahoe (Hall, 1946:601). California: Niagara Creek (Orr, 1940:55); Cisco (Orr, 1940:56).
LEPUS AMERICANUS VIRGINIANUS Harlan.
1825. _Lepus virginianus_ Harlan, Fauna Americana, p. 196, type locality Blue Mountains, northeast of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
1875. _Lepus americanus_ var. _virginianus_, J. A. Allen, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 17:431, February 17.
1825. _Lepus wardii_ Schinz, Das Thierreich ..., 4:428, based on the varying hare of the southern part of the United States (Warden, D. B., in A statistical, political, and historical account of the United States of North America ..., 1:233, 1819).
1845. _Lepus borealis_ Schinz, Synopsis Mammalium, 2:286-287. No type or type locality mentioned. From Virginia and the Alleghenies.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:94, unless otherwise noted).--Quebec (Anderson, 1947:103): Ottawa River; Megantic County. Maine: _Greenville_ (Nelson, 1909:95); Sebec Lake (_ibid._); Mt. Desert Island (Manville, 1942:397). _Massachusetts_: _Concord_; _Middleboro_. _Rhode Island_: _Washington County_. New York: Locust Grove. Pennsylvania: type locality. Tennessee: White Rock (Kellogg, 1939:289). Ohio: Ashtabula Co. (Bole and Moulthrop, 1942:174). Ontario: Holland Riv. (Snyder and Logier, 1930:180).
LEPUS AMERICANUS WASHINGTONII Baird.
1855. _Lepus washingtonii_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:333, type from Steilacoom, Washington.
1875. _Lepus americanus_ var. _washingtoni_, J. A. Allen, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 18:431, February 17.
_Marginal records_ (Dalquest, 1942:175, unless otherwise noted).--British Columbia (Nelson, 1909:107): Sumas; Chilliwack. Washington: _Mt. Vernon_; Lake Kapowsin; White Salmon. Oregon: Drew; Florence; _Tillamook_. Washington: Sekiu River.
=Lepus othus=
Alaskan Hare
Total length, 565-690; tail, 53-104; hind foot, 147-189; ear from notch (dry), 75-78. Color brownish in summer; white in winter; but tips of ears always black. General comparisons indicate that this is the species which, in Eurasia, bears the name _Lepus timidus_.
LEPUS OTHUS OTHUS Merriam.
1900. _Lepus othus_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:28, March 14, type from St. Michael, Norton Sound, Alaska.
_Marginal records._--Alaska (A. H. Howell, 1936:334): Kotzebue Sound; mts. NW Nulato River; Akiak; 75 mi. below Bethel; thence N along coast.
LEPUS OTHUS POADROMUS Merriam.
1900. _Lepus poadromus_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:29, March 14, type from Stepovak Bay, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska.
1936. _Lepus othus poadromus_, A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 17:334, November 16.
_Marginal records._--Alaska (A. H. Howell, 1936:335): Nushagak; Kawatna Bay, Shelikof Strait; _Cold Bay_; _Chignik_; _type locality_; _Sand Point_; 15 mi. W Pavlof Mtn.
=Lepus arcticus=
Arctic Hare
Revised by A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 17:315-332, November 16, 1936. For the taxonomic status of the technical names _arcticus_ and _glacialis_ see Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 30:234-235, March, 1896; Merriam, Science, n. s., 3:564-565, April 10, 1896; Rhoads, Science, n. s., 3:843-845, June 5, 1896; Merriam, Science, n. s., 3:845, June 5, 1896.
Total length, 480-678; tail, 34-80; hind foot, 132-174; ear from notch (dry), 70-84. Upper parts gray in summer in southern subspecies; in others white; in winter white in all subspecies, except black tips of ears. Weights of lean individuals reach 12 pounds. Hopping on the hind feet without touching the forefeet to the ground has repeatedly been recorded for this species. There are four to eight young in a litter.
LEPUS ARCTICUS ARCTICUS Ross.
1819. _Lepus arcticus_ Ross, Voyage of Discovery, ed. 2, vol. 2, appendix 4, p. 151, type locality Possession Bay, Bylot Island, lat. 73[deg] 37' N.
1819. _Lepus glacialis_ Leach, in Ross, Voyage of Discovery, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 170, type locality same as for _Lepus arcticus_ Ross.
_Marginal records._--Franklin: type locality; Egukjuak, 8 mi. E Pond Inlet, Baffin Island (A. H. Howell, 1936:322); W coast Baffin Island, 67[deg] 30' (Anderson, 1947:96); Winter Island, Melville Peninsula (A. H. Howell, 1936:321); Repulse Bay, Melville Peninsula (_ibid._)
LEPUS ARCTICUS ANDERSONI Nelson.
1934. _Lepus arcticus andersoni_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:85, March 8, type from Cape Barrow, Coronation Gulf, Northwest Territory.
_Marginal records_ (A. H. Howell, 1936:328).--Franklin: Cape Kellett, Banks Island; Cambridge Bay, Victoria Island. Mackenzie: Bathurst Inlet; Backs River near Lake Beechey; Lake Hanbury; Fort Rae; Fort Anderson.
LEPUS ARCTICUS BANGSII Rhoads.
1896. _Lepus arcticus bangsii_ Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 30:253[=236 of March issue], author's separates (preprints) published February 20, 1896, type from Codroy, Newfoundland.
_Marginal records_ (A. H. Howell, 1936:327).--Labrador: Hopedale; Makkovik. Newfoundland: Saint Johns; type locality; Mt. St. Gregory.
LEPUS ARCTICUS GROENLANDICUS Rhoads.
1896. _Lepus groenlandicus_ Rhoads, Amer. Nat., 30:254(=237 of March issue), author's separates (preprints) issued February 20, type from Robertson Bay, NW Greenland.
1934. [_Lepus arcticus_] _groenlandicus_, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:83, March 8.
1912. _Boreolepus groenlandicus_, Barrett-Hamilton, Hist. British Mammals, pt. 12, p. 298, October.
1930. _Lepus variabilis hyperboreus_ Pedersen, Medd. om Gr[:o]nland, 77:363, no type or type locality designated but name applied to hares of east Greenland in the general vicinity of Scoresby Sound (preoccupied by _Lepus hyperboreas_ Pallas, Zoogeographica Rosso Asiatica, 1:152, 1831, a species of _Ochotona_).
1934. _Lepus arcticus persimilis_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:84, March 8, type from S side Clavering Island, east Greenland.
_Marginal records._--Greenland (A. H. Howell, 1936:331): Cape Alexander; on east coast to Francis Joseph Fiord; on west coast to _Nugsuak Peninsula_; Disko Island; Holsteinsborg.
LEPUS ARCTICUS LABRADORIUS Miller.
1899. _Lepus labradorius_ Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13:39, May 29, type from Fort Chimo, Ungava, Canada.
1924. _Lepus arcticus labradorius_, G. M. Allen and Copeland, Jour. Mamm., 5:12, February 9.
1902. _Lepus arcticus canus_ Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 22:59, October 31, type from Hubbart Point, W coast Hudson Bay, Keewatin.
_Marginal records_ (A. H. Howell, 1936:323).--Franklin: Pangnirtung Fiord; Nunata, Kingua Fiord; Cumberland Sound, Blacklead Island; Weddell Harbor, Frobisher Bay. Labrador: Ramah; Solomons Island, near Davis Inlet. Quebec: _type locality_; Great Whale River, Hudson Bay; Belcher Islands. Manitoba: Fort Churchill; _Hubbart Point_. Keewatin: Cape Fullerton; Southampton Island. Franklin: _Cape Dorset_; Camp Kungovik, W coast Baffin Island, 65[deg] 35' N lat.; _Nettilling Fiord_.
LEPUS ARCTICUS MONSTRABILIS Nelson.
1934. _Lepus arcticus monstrabilis_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:85, March 8, type from Buchanan Bay, Ellesmere Island.
_Marginal records._--Franklin (A. H. Howell, 1936:329): Cape Sheridan; Craig Harbor; Dundas Harbor, Devon Island.
LEPUS ARCTICUS PORSILDI Nelson.
1934. _Lepus arcticus porsildi_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:83, March 8, type from near Julianehaab, 61[deg] 20' N lat., Greenland.
_Marginal records._--Greenland (A. H. Howell, 1936:332): Sukkertoppen; _Neria, 61[deg] 36' N lat_.; 60[deg] 42' N lat.
=Lepus townsendii=
White-tailed Jack Rabbit
Total length, 565-655; tail, 66-112; hind foot, 145-172; ear from notch (dry), 96-113. Upper parts grayish brown; tail all white or with dusky or buffy mid-dorsal stripe which does not extend onto back; white in winter in northern parts of its range. Two adult males weighed 2945 and 2494 grams (Orr, 1940:43) and there are 3 to 6 young in a litter.
LEPUS TOWNSENDII CAMPANIUS Hollister.
1837. _Lepus campestris_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:349, not of Meyer, 1790; type locality plains of the Saskatchewan, probably near Carlton House.
1915. _Lepus townsendii campanius_ Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 28:70, March 12.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:78, unless otherwise noted).--Saskatchewan: Indian Head (Nelson, 1909:77). Manitoba: Carberry (_ibid._). Ontario: Rainy River (Anderson, 1947:100). Minnesota (Swanson, Surber and Roberts, 1945:97): Polk County; Otter Tail County; Sherburne County: Washington County. Illinois: Blanding, 6 mi. WNW Hanover (Hoffmeister, 1948:1). Kansas: Red Fork, 60 mi. W Fort Riley; Greensburg (Brown, 1940:387). New Mexico: "near" Taos (V. Bailey, 1932:47); Hopewell. Colorado: Antonito; Fort Garland; Villa Grove; Salida; Como; _Denver_; Mt. Whitely, 25 mi. N Kremmling. Wyoming: Spring Creek; Big Piney; head Glenn Creek, Yellowstone Nat'l Park. Alberta: Great Plains region (Anderson, 1947:99).
LEPUS TOWNSENDII TOWNSENDII Bachman.
1839. _Lepus townsendii_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8(pt. 1):90, pl. 2, type from Fort Walla Walla, near present town of Wallula, Walla Walla County, Washington.
1904. _Lepus campestris sierrae_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:132, July 14, type from 7800 ft., Hope Valley, Alpine County, California. Regarded as inseparable from _L. t. townsendii_ by Orr, Occas. Papers, California Acad. Sci., 19:42, May 25, 1940.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:82, unless otherwise noted).--British Columbia: Fairview, Okanagan Valley. Idaho: Rathdrum Prairie (Rust, 1946:322); Lemhi River; Teton Basin. Wyoming: Hamsfork; Henrys Fork. Colorado: Hot Sulphur Springs; Mt. Baldy; Crested Butte; Mill City. Utah: Kanab. Nevada (Hall, 1946:600): Hamilton; Desatoya Mts.; Santa Rosa Mts. California: Parker Creek, 6300 ft., Warner Mts. Nevada (Hall, 1946:600): 8600 ft., 3 mi. S Mt. Rose; 8900 ft., Lapon Canyon, Mt. Grant; Mt. Magruder. California (Orr, 1940:43): Tuolumne Meadows; Woodfords; Tahoe City; 4700 ft., Steele Meadows. Oregon: Antelope. Washington: Manson (Dalquest, 1948:382).
=Lepus californicus=
Black-tailed Jack Rabbit
Total length, 465-630; tail, 50-112; hind foot, 112-145; ear from notch (dry), 99-131. Upper parts gray to blackish; tail with black mid-dorsal stripe extending onto back; never all white in winter. On the tableland of Mexico and in the southwestern United States where this species occurs together with the white-sided jack rabbits, _L. californicus_ can be recognized by the terminal black patch on the outside of each ear and by the less extensive area of white on the flank. To the eastward, in Tamaulipas, where only the black-tailed jack rabbit occurs, it too, has extensively white flanks and some individuals lack the terminal black patch on the ear.
A certain means for distinguishing the skulls of the black-tailed jack rabbit from those of all of the white-sided jack rabbits has not yet been found. The same is true of the skulls of the white-tailed jack rabbit and the black-tailed jack rabbit in the Great Basin region of Nevada. The skulls, at least of adults, of these two species, in the region east of the Rocky Mountains can be readily distinguished by the pattern of infolding of the enamel on the front of the first upper incisor teeth; _L. townsendii_ has a simple groove on the anterior face of the tooth and _L. californicus_, east of the Rocky Mountains, has a bifurcation, or even trifurcation, of the infold that can readily be seen by examining the occlusal surface of the incisor.
In Arizona, Vorhies and Taylor (1933:478) found the weight of 23 adult males to average 5.1 (4.4-6.1) lbs. In that state, 70 pregnant females averaged 2.24 (1-6) young per litter and the authors (_op. cit._) thought that a female had three or four litters each year.
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS ALTAMIRAE Nelson.
1904. _Lepus merriami altamirae_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:109, May 18, type from Alta Mira, Tamaulipas. Known from type locality only.
1951. _Lepus californicus altamirae_, Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:45, October 1, 1951.
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS ASELLUS Miller.
1899. _Lepus asellus_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, p. 380, September 29, type from San Luis Potos['i], San Luis Potos['i].
1909. _Lepus californicus asellus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:150, August 31.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:151).--Coahuila: Jaral. Nuevo Leon: Miquihuana. San Luis Potos['i]: R['i]o Verde. Aguascalientes: Chicalote. Zacatecas: Valparaiso.
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS BENNETTII Gray.
1844. _Lepus bennettii_ Gray, Zoology Voy. _Sulphur_, p. 35, pl. 14, type from San Diego, San Diego County, California.
1909. _Lepus californicus bennetti_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:136, August 31.
_Marginal records._--California: Mt. Pi[~n]os (Orr, 1940:73); Arroyo Seco, Pasadena (Orr, 1940:74); San Felipe Valley (_ibid._); Jacumba (Nelson, 1909:137), Baja California: San Quint['i]n (Nelson, 1909:137). Northward along coast at least to California: Montalvo (Orr, 1940:73).
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS CALIFORNICUS Gray.
1837. _Lepus californica_ Gray, Charlesworth's Mag. Nat. Hist., 1:586, type from "St. Antoine," California (probably on coastal slope of mts. near the Mission of San Antonio, Jolon, Monterey County).
1926. _Lepus californicus vigilax_ Dice, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 166:11, February 11, type from Balls Ferry, Shasta County, California.
_Marginal records._--Oregon (Nelson, 1909:132): Drain; Grants Pass. California (Orr, 1940:68-69): Callahan, Scott River; 3300 ft, Lymans, NW of Lyonsville; Dry Creek, Oroville-Chico Road; Snelling; Hernandez; Morro; _Carmel Point_; _Bolinas Bay_; _Freestone_; _Sherwood_; _Ferndale_; 3 mi. W Arcata. Oregon: Rogue River Valley (Nelson, 1909:132).
_Lepus californicus curti_ Hall.
1951. _Lepus californicus curti_ Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:42, October 1, 1951, type from 88 mi. S and 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Known from type locality only.
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS DESERTICOLA Mearns.
1896. _Lepus texianus deserticola_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:564, June 24, type from western edge Colorado Desert, at base of Coast Range Mts., Imperial County, California.
1909. _Lepus californicus deserticola_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:137, August 31.
1932. _Lepus californicus depressus_ Hall and Whitlow, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 45:71, April 2, type from 1/2 mi. S. Pocatello, Bannock County, Idaho. (Regarded as inseparable from _L. c. deserticola_ by Davis, The Recent Mammals of Idaho, p. 359, April 5, 1939.)
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:140, unless otherwise noted).--Idaho (Davis, 1939:360): Boise River; Sawtooth Nat'l Forest; Arco; Blackfoot. Utah: Ogden; Provo; Loa. Arizona: San Francisco Mtn.; Fort Whipple; Phoenix; Rancho Bonito, Abra Valley (Huey, 1942:362). Sonora: El Doctor. Baja California: Calamahue; Esperanza Canyon. California (Orr, 1940-76): Coyote Wells; Kenworthy; Victorville; Farrington Ranch; 5 mi. SW Lone Pine; 10,000 ft., head Silver Canyon; Mono Mills; 5600 ft., near Woodfords. Nevada (Hall, 1946:606): Sutcliffe; 3/4 mi. S Sulphur. Idaho: 6 mi. S Murphy (Davis, 1939:360).
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS EREMICUS J. A. Allen.
1894. _Lepus texianus eremicus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6:347, December 7, type from Fairbank, Cochise County, Arizona.
1909. _Lepus californicus eremicus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:140, August 31.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:141, unless otherwise noted).--Arizona: Casa Grande; Fort Bowie; 2 mi. E Portal (Cahalane, 1939:435). Chihuahua: San Bernardino Ranch (possibly Nelson should have placed this in Sonora); Colonia Garcia. Sonora: Hermosillo; La Libertad (Burt, 1938:68); Agua Dulce (of Sonora, not of Arizona).
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS FESTINUS Nelson.
1904. _Lepus festinus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:108, May 18, type from Irolo, Hidalgo.
1909. _Lepus californicus festinus_ Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:151, August 31.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:152).--Hidalgo: Zimapan; _Tulancingo_; type locality; Queretaro: Tequisquiapam.
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS MAGDALENAE Nelson.
1907. _Lepus californicus magdalenae_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:81, July 22, type from Magdalena Island, Baja California.
_Marginal records._--Baja California (Nelson, 1909:155): type locality; Margarita Island.
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS MARTIRENSIS Stowell.
1895. _Lepus martirensis_ Stowell, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 5(ser. 2):51, May 28, type specimen from the San Pedro M['a]rtir Mountains of Baja California.
_Marginal records._--Baja California (Nelson, 1909:154): La Huerta; Calamahue; San Bruno; Rancho San Jos['e]; San Simon.
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS MELANOTIS Mearns.
1890. _Lepus melanotis_ Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:297, February 21, type from Independence, Montgomery County, Kansas.
1909. _Lepus californicus melanotis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:146, August 31.
_Marginal records._--South Dakota: Lyman Co. (Over and Churchill, 1945:48). Nebraska: Oakland (12399 KU). Kansas: near Doniphan Lake (Linsdale, 1928:146). Missouri: Saline Co. (Enders, 1932:120); 5 mi. E Rockbridge (Leopold and Hall, 1945:145). Arkansas: "about" 2 mi. S Evansville (Dellinger and Black, 1940:190). Oklahoma: 3 mi. E Wainwright (Blair, 1939:128). Texas: Brazos County (Petersen, 1946:166); Golinda (Nelson, 1909:148); Washburn (_ibid._). New Mexico: Santa Rosa (_ibid._); vicinity of Cimarron (Hill, 1942:82). Colorado: Semper (Nelson, 1909:148). Wyoming: 3 mi. W Meriden along Horse Cr. (15926 KU).
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS MERRIAMI Mearns.
1896. _Lepus merriami_ Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals from the Mexican border of the United States, p. 2, March 25, (Reprint: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:444, May 23, 1896) type from Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:150, unless otherwise noted).--Texas: Mason; Lott; Antioch; Houston. Tamaulipas: Matamoros; Tamaulipeca, San Carlos Mts. (Dice, 1937:255). Nuevo Leon: Santa Catari[~n]a. Coahuila: Monclova; Sabinas.
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS RICHARDSONII Bachman.
1839. _Lepus richardsonii_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8(pt. 1):88, type from California (exact locality unknown, but probably on interior slope of mts. near Jolon, Monterey County).
1909. _Lepus californicus richardsoni_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:133, August 31.
1904. _Lepus tularensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:136, July 14, type from Alila, Tulare County, California.
_Marginal records._--California (Orr, 1940:71): Minkler; Thompson Valley, Walker Basin; Kern Lake Basin; Carrizo Plains, 7 mi. SE Simmler; _2 mi. E Bryson_; Jolon.
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS SHELDONI Burt.
1933. _Lepus californicus sheldoni_ Burt, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 46:37, February 20, type from Carmen Island [(lat. 26[deg] N, long. 111[deg] 12' W) Gulf of Calif.], Baja California. Known from type locality only.
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS TEXIANUS Waterhouse.
1848. _Lepus texianus_ Waterhouse, Nat. Hist. Mamm., 2:136, type locality unknown, but probably in western Texas.
1909. _Lepus californicus texianus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:142, August 31.
1896. _Lepus texianus griseus_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:562, June 24, type from Fort Hancock, El Paso County, Texas.
1903. _Lepus_ (_Macrotolagus_) _texianus micropus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 19:605, November 12, type from R['i]o del Bocas, NW Durango.
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:146, unless otherwise noted).--Colorado: between Grand Junction and the Utah boundary (Cary, 1911:158). New Mexico: Roswell (Nelson, 1909:145). Texas (Nelson, 1909:145). Colorado: Comstock. Coahuila: 8 mi. SE San Pedro de los Colonias, 3700 ft. (40206 KU). Durango: R['i]o Sest['i]n; R['i]o del Bocas. Chihuahua: Santa Rosalia; Pacheco; San Luis Mts. New Mexico (Nelson, 1909:145): Guadalupe Ranch. Arizona: Painted Desert. Utah: Abajo (Blue Mts.) (Barnes, 1927:149).
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS WALLAWALLA Merriam.
1904. _Lepus texianus wallawalla_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:137, July 14, type from Touchet, Plains of the Columbia, Walla Walla County, Washington.
1909. _Lepus californicus wallawalla_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:132, August 31.
_Marginal records._--Washington: Moses Coulee (Dalquest, 1948:386); Touchet (Nelson, 1909:133). Oregon: Ontario (Nelson, 1909:133). Nevada (Hall, 1946:606): 4100 ft., Quinn River Crossing; 4200 ft., 4-1/2 mi. W Flanigan. California (Orr, 1940:79): 5000 ft., 7 mi. E Ravendale; 3600 ft., 1 mi. SE Weed; Hornbrook. Oregon (Nelson, 1909:133): Hay Creek; Willow Junction.
LEPUS CALIFORNICUS XANTI Thomas.
1898. _Lepus californicus xanti_ Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1(ser. 7):45, January, type from Santa Anita, Baja California.
_Marginal records._--Baja California (Nelson, 1909:156): Southern part of the Peninsula. Santa Clara Mts., southward around range of _L. c. martirensis_ to and down east coast; La Paz; Cape St. Lucas; San Jorg['e]; 20 mi. W San Ignacio.
=Lepus insularis= Bryant
Black Jack Rabbit
1891. _Lepus insularis_ Bryant, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3(ser. 2):92, April 23, type from Espiritu Santo Island, Gulf of California, Baja California. Known from Espiritu Santo Island only.
1895. _Lepus edwardsi_ St. Loup, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1:5, type from Espiritu Santo Island, Gulf of California, Baja California.
Total length, 574; tail, 96; hind foot, 121; ear from notch (dry), 105. This insular species, clearly a close relative of _Lepus californicus_ of the adjacent peninsula of Baja California, is mainly glossy black on the upper parts but grizzled and suffused on sides of back and body, and in some specimens on head, with dark buffy or reddish brown; underparts dark cinnamon buffy or dusky brown; ears and sides of head grayish dusky; jugals heavier than in _Lepus californicus_ of the adjacent peninsula of Baja California.
=Lepus callotis= Wagler
White-sided Jack Rabbit
1830. _Lepus callotis_ Wagler, Nat. Syst. der Amphibien, p. 23, type from southern end of Mexican Tableland.
1830. _Lepus mexicanus_ Lichtenstein, Abhandl. k. Akad. Wiss., Berlin., p. 101, type from M['e]xico (southern end of Mexican Tableland).
1833. _Lepus nigracaudatus_ Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 41, type from "that part of California which adjoins to Mexico" (probably southwestern part of Mexican Tableland).
_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:124).--Durango: Durango (city of). San Luis Potos['i]: Arenal. Hidalgo: Tulancingo. Oaxaca: Oaxaca (city of); Tlapancingo. Jalisco: Atenquiqui; Reyes.
Total length, 560; tail, 71; length of hind foot, 133; ear from notch (dry), 117. Upper parts dark, slightly pinkish, buff heavily washed with black; backs of ears mainly white without terminal patch of black; flanks white; rump iron gray.
=Lepus flavigularis= Wagner
Tehuantepec Jack Rabbit
1844. _Lepus callotis_ var [gamma] _flavigularis_ Wagner, Schreber's S[:a]ugthiere, Suppl., 4:106, type from M['e]xico (probably near Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca).
1909. _Lepus flavigularis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:125, August 31.
_Marginal records._--Oaxaca (Nelson, 1909:126): Santa Efigenia; San Mateo del Mar; Huilotepec.
Total length, 595; tail, 77; hind foot, 133; ear from notch (dry), 112. Upper parts bright ochraceous buff strongly washed with black; ears entirely buff; nape with black stripe extending back from base of each ear and median stripe of buff; flanks and underparts of body white; rump iron gray; tympanic bullae smaller than in any other _Lepus_ of M['e]xico.
=Lepus gaillardi=
Gaillard Jack Rabbit
Total length, 450-536; tail, 59-80; hind foot, 124-133; ear from notch (dry), 110-112. Coloration essentially as in _Lepus callotis_ except that nape is plain buff, without a trace of black, and upper parts paler, more vinaceous buff.
LEPUS GAILLARDI BATTYI J. A. Allen.
1903. _Lepus_ (_Microtolagus_ [_sic_]) _gaillardi battyi_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 19:607, November 12, type from Rancho Santuario, northwestern Durango.
_Marginal records._--Durango (Nelson, 1909:122): R['i]o Campo; type locality.
LEPUS GAILLARDI GAILLARDI Mearns.
1896. _Lepus gaillardi_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:560, June 24, type from West Fork of Playas Valley, near monument No. 63, Mexican boundary line, Grant County, New Mexico.
_Marginal records._--New Mexico: Animas Valley (V. Bailey, 1932:53). Chihuahua (Nelson, 1909:121): Whitewater; Colonia Juarez. New Mexico; type locality.
=Lepus alleni=
Antelope Jack Rabbit
Total length, 553-670; tail, 48-76; hind foot, 127-150, ear from notch, in flesh, 138-173. Top and sides of head creamy buff, slightly washed on top with black; tail white except for mid-dorsal line of black extending onto rump; sides of shoulders, flanks, sides of abdomen, rump, and outside of hind legs uniform iron gray. The average weight of 61 adult males from Arizona was 8.2 lbs. In that state 124 pregnant females had an average of 1.93 young (1-5) and Vorhies and Taylor (1933:580) thought that a female had three or four litters per year.
LEPUS ALLENI ALLENI Mearns.
1890. _Lepus alleni_ Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:294, February 21, type from Rillito, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, Pima County, Arizona.
_Marginal records._--Arizona: Queen Creek (Vorhies and Taylor, 1933:480); Cascabel (_ibid._); Calabasas (Nelson, 1909:118). Sonora (Burt, 1938): Cerro Blanco (p. 67); Oputo (p. 66); Batamotal (p. 66); La Libertad Ranch (p. 67); Picu Pass (p. 67). Arizona: 2 mi. W Quitovaquita (Huey, 1942:362); Casa Grande (Nelson, 1909:118).
LEPUS ALLENI PALITANS Bangs.
1900. _Lepus_ (_Macrotolagus_) _alleni palitans_ Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 1:85, February 23, type from Aguacaliente, about 40 mi. SE Mazatlan, Sinaloa.
_Marginal records._--Sonora: near San Bernardo on R['i]o Mayo on Sonora side of Sonora-Chihuahua boundary (Burt and Hooper, 1941:7): _Alamos_ (Nelson, 1909:119); Guirocoba (Burt, 1938:68). Nayarit: Acaponeta (Nelson, 1909:119). Sinaloa (Nelson, 1909:119): Esquinapa; _Rosario_; Culiac['a]n. Sonora: "near" Navajoa (Burt, 1938:68).
LEPUS ALLENI TIBURONENSIS Townsend.
1912. _Lepus alleni tiburonensis_ Townsend, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31:120, June 14, type from Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Sonora. Known from Tiburon Island only.
=Lepus europaeus=
European Hare
Total length, 640-700; tail, 70-100; hind foot, 130-150; ear from notch (dry), 79-100; weight, 3000 to 5000 grams. Upper parts tawny, mixed with blackish hairs on back; underparts white including underside of tail; upper side of tail and terminal patch at distal end of outside of ears black; upper side of feet tawny like sides (not white or whitish). This is an introduced species.
LEPUS EUROPAEUS EUROPAEUS Pallas.
1778. _Lepus europaeus_ Pallas, Nov. Spec. Quadr. Glir. Ord., p. 30. Type locality, Burgundy, France. (Introduced and established in Ontario and parts of the northern United States; slowly spreading in southern Ontario north of Lake Erie (St. Thomas and Woodstock), west and north of Lake Ontario (Toronto) to Goodrich on east side of Lake Huron. See Anderson, Canadian Field-Naturalist, 37:75-76, April, 1923; Anderson, Nat. Mus. Canada Bull., 102:100, January 24, 1947; Burt, Mammals of Michigan, p. 247, 1946.)
LEPUS EUROPAEUS HYBRIDUS Desmarest.
1822. _Lepus hybridus_ Desmarest, Encyclopedie methodique (Zoologie) Mammalogie, pt. 1, p. 349 (Name based on "Russac" of Pallas, Nov. Spec. Quadr. Glir. Ord., p. 5, 1778), type locality central Russia.
1912. _Lepus europaeus hybridus_, Miller, Cat. Mamm., western Europe, Publ., British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), p. 508, November 23, 1912.
_Range._--Introduced and established in New York and Connecticut (see Goodwin, Connecticut Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bull. 53:159-162, 1935).
FIG. 49. _Lepus americanus tahoensis_, 1/2 mi. S Tahoe Tavern, Lake Tahoe, Placer County, California. No. 37522 MVZ, [MALE].
FIG. 50. _Lepus alleni alleni_, Santa Rita Mountains, 30 mi. S Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. No. 8621 KU, [MALE].
FIG. 51. _Lepus arcticus groenlandicus_, Cape Alexander, Greenland. No. 114850 USNM, [MALE].
FIG. 52. _Lepus townsendii townsendii_, north end Ruby Valley, east base Ruby Mountains, Elko County, Nevada. No. 4686, coll. of Ralph Ellis, [FEMALE].
FIG. 53. _Lepus callotis_, 3-1/2 mi. S Tecolotl['a]n, Jalisco. No. 31842 KU, [FEMALE].
FIG. 54. _Lepus californicus deserticola_, 4 mi. W Fallon, Churchill County, Nevada. No. 900061 MVZ, [MALE].
FIG. 55. _Lepus americanus tahoensis_.
FIG. 56. _Lepus alleni alleni_.
FIG. 57. _Lepus arcticus groenlandicus_.
FIG. 58. _Lepus townsendii townsendii_.
FIG. 59. _Lepus callotis_.
FIG. 60. _Lepus californicus deserticola_.
FIG. 61. _Lepus alleni alleni_.
FIG. 62. _Lepus americanus tahoensis_.
FIGS. 63-64. _Lepus arcticus groenlandicus_.
FIG. 65. _Lepus townsendii townsendii_.
FIG. 66. _Lepus callotis_.
FIGS. 67-68. _Lepus californicus deserticola_.
LITERATURE CITED
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1936. Mammals of northwestern Arkansas. Jour. Mamm., 17:29-35, February 17.
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1936. The Florida Marsh rabbit. Jour. Mamm., 17:197-207, August 17.
1938. A new race of the eastern cottontail from the Texas Panhandle. Occas. Papers, Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, no. 380:1-3, June 21.
1939. Faunal relationships and geographic distribution of mammals in Oklahoma. Amer. Midl. Natur., 22:85-133, 1 fig., July.
1940. A contribution to the ecology and faunal relationships of the mammals of the Davis Mountain Region, Southwestern Texas. Misc. Publ., Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 46:1-39, 3 pls., June 28.
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1938. Faunal relationships and geographic distribution of mammals in Sonora, Mexico. Misc. Publ., Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 39:1-77, 3 tables, 26 maps, February 15.
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_Transmitted May 8, 1951. Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas._
23-7988
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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:
Changes that have been made to the text (typos or inconsistent spellings) are as follows:
Changed "are are" to "as are" (such of their diseases as are transmissible to him)
Changed "Inglesmaldie" to "Inglismaldie" (Mount Inglismaldie, near Banff, Alberta).
Changed "Carribean" to "Caribbean" (Sipurio, R['i]o Sixaola, near Caribbean Coast).
Changed "Quintin" to "Quint['i]n" (Baja California (Huey, 1940): San Quint['i]n)