Part 7

_a._ Monoicous.

270. A. UNDULATUM. P. Beauv. St. 1–2in. l. ligulate, margin undulate, thickened, with bi cuspid spinulose teeth, which also occur on back near apex, where lamellate nerve ceases; caps. cylindrical curved; lid with a long curved beak.

Grassy places, common. X. XI.

var. β. _attenuatum._ l. narrow, more crisped when dry; caps. smaller.

_b._ Dioicous.

271. A. ANGUSTATUM. Brid. St. shorter, l. narrower, densely reticulate, serrate at apex _only_, less hispid beneath, with numerous lamellæ on nerve; caps. sub-erect cylindrical straight or curved, lid dark purple, shortly rostrate. [Schp. Syn. p. 434.]

Bare sandy ground, heaths, &c. Winter.

Braes of Doune, fr. (McKinlay); Sussex—male (Mitten).

272. A. TENELLUM. Roth. St. short; l. elongate, oblong-lanceolate, upper ones narrowly lingulate, scarcely undulate, smooth beneath, margins dentate below the middle, subcirrhate when dry, nerve thinly lamellate; caps. obovate-oblong, sub-cernuous, lid with a long beak; per. teeth large. [Bry. Eur. IV., 412. Syn. 435.]

Bare moist sandy places, and dried-up pools. Autumn.

Loch Goil Head; Killin, Perthshire.

273. A. CRISPUM. James. (_laxifolium_, Wils. MS.) St. simple, slender; l. lower small somewhat spathulate; upper much larger oblong-lanceolate, slightly undulate, border thickened, toothed; nerve reaching apex, scarcely lamellate; areolæ larger, hexagonal or rounded; caps. obovate-oblong, sub-erect or inclined, wide-mouthed, teeth very short irregular, seta red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 225.]

Lancashire; Oakmere, Cheshire; Saddleworth, Yorkshire; Dartmoor. Male plant only found in Britain.

43. OLIGOTRICHUM. DE C.

274. O. HERCYNICUM. De C. St. ½–1in; l. rigid erecto-patent, lanceolate, sheathing, margins indexed, lamellæ of nerve undulate, and spinulose at back; caps. erect cylindrical, plicate and oblique when dry; lid conical pointed.

Alpine and sub-alpine barren soil. VI. VII.

Scotland; Todmorden (Nowell).

44. POGONATUM. P. Beauv.

275. P. NANUM. Brid. St. short, not branched at apex; l. rigid spreading, lanceolate obtuse, sheathing, serrulate above; caps. almost globose, erect or inclined, lid with a curved or oblique beak; columella not winged.

Moist shady sandy banks. X. XI.

var. β. _longisetum._ l. long, linear-lanceolate, seta very long; caps. oval-oblong.

276. P. ALOIDES. Brid. St. less than 1–in., branched at apex; l. rigid spreading, lanceolate, sheathing, serrate on margin and back; caps. erect, somewhat ovate-urceolate or cylindrical; lid conical beaked; columella with four wings; hairs of calyp. whitish.

Moist banks. X. XI.

var. β. _minus._ smaller generally; “hairs of calyp. confluent below capsule.”

277. P. URNIGERUM. Brid. St. 1–4in. branched above, reddish below; l. spreading linear-lanceolate from a short broader sheathing base, acute serrate; caps. narrowly cylindrical regular papillose, lid convex with a short beak.

Mountainous banks and sides of streams. X. XI.

var. β. _crassum._ l. broader, caps, oval-oblong, lid with a longer beak.

278. P. ALPINUM. Brid. St. much longer, branched above, decumbent below; l. linear-lanceolate from a sheathing base, gradually tapering, serrate, back spinulose, margin inflexed; caps. generally inclined, ovoid, tumid, smooth, lid small, with a long curved beak.

Sub-alpine localities. E. S. I. VI.

var. β. _arcticum._ caps. oblong sub-cylindrical.

δ. _campanulatum._ st. short, l. narrower and shorter; caps. apophysate; calyp. campanulate.

45. POLYTRICHUM. BRID.

A. Caps. six-angled; apophysis indistinct.

279. P. SEXANGULARE. Hoppe. Barren st. 2–6in., fertile shorter; l. short incurved rigid, linear-lanceolate from a broader base, margins plane, incurved, almost cucullate at serrulate apex; caps. short, at first upright, afterwards cernuous, sometimes six, sometimes only four or five-angled; lid rostrate; calyp. short, and shortly villous.

Summits of Scotch mountains. VIII. IX.

Ben Lawers; Cairngorm, &c.

280. P. GRACILE. Menzies. St. about ½in. densely tufted; l. lanceolate from a broad sheathing base, serrate, with prominent lamellæ on upper surface; caps. ovate, obscurely four, five, six-angled; lid conico-rostrate; calyp. small.

Turbaries, &c., frequent. VI.

281. P. FORMOSUM. Hedw. St. 3–6in. loosely tufted; l. spreading linear-lanceolate from a broad sheathing base, acute, serrate, lamellate; caps. four, five, six-angled, fawn-coloured; lid long conical; calyp. large.

Woods. VI.

var. β. _pallidisetum._ st. and l. shorter; caps. narrower, on a short pale seta.

B. Caps. four-angled; apoph. very distinct.

282. P. COMMUNE. L. St. 6 or 8in. simple; l. spreading reflexed, linear-lanceolate, sheathing, whitish and membranous at base, serrate on margin and back; nerve broad; per. l. with long wavy hair points; caps. short, upright, afterwards cernuous, on a very long seta; lid variable in size; calyp. large reddish.

Tufty and marshy places. VI.

var. β. _perigoniale._ smaller; outer per. l. longer; dry heaths.

γ. _minus._ st. short; l. shorter, less spreading; per. l. less striking; calyp., caps., and seta smaller: dry heaths.

γ. β. _fastigiatum._ st. branched fastigiate; l. as in var. γ. Very dry heaths.

283. P. JUNIPERUM. Hedw. St. 1–6in.; l. reflexed, spreading, linear-lanceolate, almost bristle-pointed, margin entire, except a few teeth at apex, much inflexed from middle upwards, somewhat spinulose at back; caps. roughish, horizontal when dry, on a seta 2in. or more long; calyp. large.

Heaths. V. VI.

284. P. STRICTUM. Menzies. (_P. juniperum._ β. _strictum_, Bry. Brit.) “St. more slender, densely matted, branched, closely interwoven with whitish tomentum; l. straight, erecto-patent, imbricate when dry, shorter and narrower, pale glaucous green; caps. shorter cuboid, acutely angled, rufous orange; calyp. brownish or white.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. of Bot., VIII., 225.]

Mountain moors, common.

285. P. PILIFERUM. Schreb. St. about 1in. simple; l. lower short appressed, upper much longer, lanceolate, prolonged into roughish hair points, margins entire inflexed; caps. faintly angular, almost ovate, on a short seta; calyp. long, reddish.

Dry heaths. V. VI.

46. TIMMIA. HEDW.

286. T. AUSTRIACA. Hedw. St. 2–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate from a reddish brown sheathing dilated base, margins strongly serrate; caps. ovate pyriform, inclined, striate when dry, on a seta 2in. long; lid rounded mammillate; per. teeth inner smooth entire.

Rocks, very rare. Forfarshire. Summer.

287. T. MEGAPOLITANA. Hedw. St. loosely cæspitose, brownish below; l. from a whitish sheathing base, spreading and recurved, linear-lanceolate concave opaque serrate, cirrhate when dry; per. l. internal ovate-lanceolate thinner; caps. oblong horizontal, somewhat striate when dry; lid convex, not apiculate; per. teeth internal with numerous appendiculate cilia. [Schp. Syn., 431.]

Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton). Summer.

47. AULACOMNION. SCHW.

288. A. PALUSTRE. Schw. St. 2–4in. branched, beset with reddish radicles; l. oblong-lanceolate, denticulate at apex, flexuose undulate, crisped when dry, papillose on both sides; caps. ovate-oblong, gibbous, cernuous, curved; lid conical, with a blunt beak; barren fl. discoid: dioicous.

Turfy bogs and marshes. V. VI.

var. β. _imbricatum._ “l. broader imbricate, entire, not twisted when dry.”

γ. _fasciculare._ st. with many short innovations and fasciculate leaves; ramuli flagelliform from axils of fl. leaves.

δ. _polycephalum._ “st. decumbent branched; pseudopodia elongated numerous.”

289. A. ANDROGYNUM. Schw. St. less than 1in., nearly simple; l. lower lanceolate, upper longer, all denticulate at apex, not flexuose nor crisped when dry, papillose, margin recurved; caps. almost cylindrical, gibbous, inclined, furrowed; lid short, conical; pseudopodia numerous; barren fl. gemmiform.

Dry shady woods and banks. V. VI.

48. ORTHODONTIUM. SCHW.

290. O. GRACILE. Schw. St. ½in. slender, tufted; l. long linear setaceous, carinate, flexuose, entire, faintly nerved nearly to apex; caps. obovate-clavate, gradually tapering at base into the seta, inclined; lid long, beaked; calyp. very small.

Sandstone rocks. Yorkshire and Cheshire. III.

49. LEPTOBRYUM. WILS.

291. L. PYRIFORME. Wils. St. scarcely ½in.; l. lower lanceolate entire, upper linear-setaceous, flexuose, serrate at summit, nerve sometimes reaching apex; caps. pyriform pendulous, on a slender flexuose seta; lid convex mammillate.

Rocks. Cheshire. V. VI.

50. BRYUM. H. & T.

Synopsis specierum.

I. L. erect narrow; not nerved to apex (except No. 1).

A. Caps. narrow, inclined. _a._ monoicous. 1. acuminatum. 2. polymorphum. 3. elongatum. _b._ synoicous or dioicous. 4. crudum.

B. Caps, pyriform pendulous. _a._ monoicous or synoicous. 5. nutans. _b._ dioicous. 6. annotinum. 7. carneum.

II. L. ovate, not nerved to apex.

_a._ dioicous. 8. Wahlenbergii. 9. Ludwigii. _b._ monoicous. 10. Marrattii. 11. calophyllum.

III. L. mostly ovate, nerved to apex.

A. synoicous or monoicous. 12. lacustre. 13. Warneum. B. dioicous. 14. pseudotriquetrum. 15. neodamense. 16. alpinum. 17. Muhlenbeckii. 18. turbinatum. 19. latifolium. 20. Duvalii. 21. pallens. 22. barbatum.

IV. L. ovate, nerve excurrent.

A. monoicous. 23. uliginosum. 24. pallescens. 25. Sauteri. B. synoicous. _a._ inner perist. imperfect. 26. cernuum. 27. inclinatum. _b._ inner perist. perfect. 28. intermedium. 29. bimum. 30. torquescens. C. dioicous. 31. obconicum. 32. capillare. 33. Donianum. 34. Billarderii. 35. cæspiticium. 36. murale. 37. sanguineum. 38. atropurpureum. 39. apiculatum.

V. L. very concave, imbricate, nerve mostly ceasing below apex, dioicous.

A. caps. symmetrical. 40. julaceum. 41. argenteum. 42. Funkii.

B. mouth of caps. oblique. 43. Zierii. 44. demissum.

VI. L. broad roundish bordered.

45. Tozeri.

VII. L. very large, in a terminal rosaceous tuft.

46. roseum.

SECT. I.

292. (1) B. ACUMINATUM. B. & S. St. ½–1in., simple or branched; l. rigid, lower ovate-lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate larger, margins recurved, nerved to serrulate apex, sometimes secund; caps. almost horizontal, narrowly clavate, tapering at base; lid sharply conical. (There are many varieties.)

Crevices of rocks and mountainous districts. VIII.

293. (2) B. POLYMORPHUM. B. & S. St. ¼–½in., seldom branched; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, small, scattered, upper oblong-lanceolate longer, crowded, apex in all serrate; caps. oblong-pyriform horizontal or drooping, with a short neck; lid mammillate. (Many varieties.)

Scotch and Welsh mountains. Summer.

294. (3) B. ELONGATUM. Dicks. St. ¼–1in., one innovation from floral apex; l. lower ovate-lanceolate scattered, upper longer linear-lanceolate, all serrate at apex; caps. very long and slender, clavate, with a long distinct neck, inclined, upright when dry; lid convex beaked; inner perist. with cilia.

Rocks and walls in mountainous districts. VIII.

295. (4) B. CRUDUM. Schreb. St. 1–2in. cæspitose, radiculose below; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, with plane margins and reddish nerve, upper gradually passing upwards into linear-lanceolate, with serrate apex; caps. oval-pyriform, from sub-erect to horizontal or even pendulous; lid convex apiculate; inner perist. with cilia. The leaves are generally shining and transparent.

Mountainous banks and rocks. VII.

296. (5) B. NUTANS. Schr. St. ¼–2in. with innovations; l. spreading, with margins reflexed below, lower ovate-lanceolate entire, upper linear-lanceolate serrulate at apex; caps. pyriform or elliptical, with a short neck; lid small mammillate; inner perist. with cilia: synoicous.

Sandy heaths, &c.

(Four var. are given in Bry. Europ.)

297. (6) B. ANNOTINUM. Hed. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l. lower lanceolate erecto-patent entire, upper longer, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed below; caps. narrow pyriform, with a long tapering neck; lid conical pointed; barren fl. terminal; inner perist. with cilia; annulus distinct compound.

Sandy banks and quarries. V. VI.

298. (7) B. CARNEUM. L. St. ¼in. cæspitose, reddish; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower, all serrate at apex, and loosely reticulate, margin not reflexed; nerve reddish; caps. ovate-oblong or shortly pyriform on a thick succulent reddish seta, sharply curved at summit; lid convex, shortly pointed; annulus none; perist. large, dark-coloured when dry.

Moist clay banks. IV.

SECT. II.

299. (8) B. WAHLENBERGII. Schw. St. ½–1in. reddish cæspitose; l. lower ovate-acuminate, upper lanceolate, all serrate at apex, margins scarcely reflexed, areolæ loose; caps. broadly pyriform, with a short neck, and wide-mouthed when dry, sub-pendulous; annulus none or imperfect; per. teeth large, inner with cilia; lid small conical.

Wet banks and rocks. V.

300. (9) B. LUDWIGII. Spreng. St. about 1in. decumbent and blackish below; l. lower ovate, passing upwards into ovate-lanceolate and lanceolate, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed below; caps. obovate pyriform, sub-pendulous on a reddish slender seta 1in. long; lid conical, somewhat obtuse; inner perist. with cilia.

Scotch and Welsh mountains. IX.

var. β. _gracilis._ Goat Fell; Ben Lawers, Ben Lomond; Snowdon.

301. (10) B. MARRATTII. St. about ¼in. gregarious; l. broadly elliptical, blunt-pointed entire; per. l. narrower and longer; caps. small turbinate almost globose, tapering at neck into the slender seta, from which it is pendulous; lid bluntly beaked; perist. outer red, inner imperfect, adhering to outer.

Southport, 1854. IX.

302. (11) E. CALOPHYLLUM. R. Br. St. about ¼in. reddish gregarious; l. broadly elliptical or ovate, sharply pointed, concave, entire, almost nerved to apex; caps. oval-oblong, neck not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical, slightly pointed; per. teeth outer brownish, inner free, mostly without cilia.

Southport, with the last. IX.

SECT. III.

303. (12) B. LACUSTRE. Brid. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. lower ovate-apiculate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire, very concave, margins recurved; per. l. narrower; caps. roundish pyriform, with a tapering neck, slightly pendulous; lid small pointed; annulus present; inner perist. partially adherent, sometimes with cilia; synoicous.

Moist sandy places. Yarmouth; Suffolk. V. VI.

304. (13) B. WARNEUM. Bland. St. about ¼in. tufted; branched; l. ovate-acuminate, scarcely concave, serrate at apex, margins recurved; caps. obovate pyriform pendulous, bordered at mouth when dry; lid small convex pointed; inner perist. with cilia: monoicous or synoicous.

Muddy places. Scotland, Southport. VIII. IX.

305. (14) B. PSEUDOTRIQUETRUM. Schw. St. 1–3in, branched, erect; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower and longer concave, all bordered, margins recurved, occasionally serrulate at apex, and slightly decurrent; nerve sometimes excurrent; caps. sub-cylindrical, pendulous; lid small mammillate.

Wet mountainous rocks. S. W. VII.

306. (15) B. NEODAMENSE. Itzig. Regensb. Fl. 1841, I. (p. 360.) St. slender, cæspitose and tomentose elongate, reddish and almost naked below, leafy above; l. lower roundish oblong obtuse, apex and margins involute; upper crowded, shortly oblong, inflated at base, margins revolute below, all cucullate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, on a long seta.

Southport Sands, where liable to inundation.

307. (16) B. ALPINUM. L. St. ½–2in. cæspitose simple; l. imbricate lanceolate, margins recurved, serrulate at apex; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep red, on a bent and arcuate seta, lid mammillate; whole plant reddish and shining.

Sub-alpine moist rocks, fr. rare. VI.

308. (17) B. MUHLENBECKII. B. & S. St. ½in. or more; tufted, branched, radiculose; l. almost elliptical, blunt-pointed, conical, almost cucullate at apex, margin reflexed; nerved almost to apex; caps. oblong tapering, pendulous, reddish brown; lid convex pointed.

Scotch mountains (Dr. C. Smith and Dr. Stirton).

309. (18) B. TURBINATUM. Hedw. St. ½–3in. sometimes branched; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper longer and narrower, concave, margins not recurved; nerve not always reaching apex; caps. globoso-pyriform pendulous, when dry contracted at mouth, reddish brown; lid convex pointed.

Manchester; Fakenham; Norfolk. VI. VII.

var. β. _prælongum._ st. elongate, l. pale green, caps. ventricose larger.

310. (19) B. LATIFOLIUM. Schl. (_B. turbinatum_, var. γ, Bry. Brit.) St. elongate, decumbent at base; l. imbricate, broadly oblong acuminate, very concave, shining, serrulate at apex, margined, nerve excurrent; caps. longer than the last, on a long seta, geniculate at base. [Schp. Syn., 380. Bry. Eur., IV., t. 372.]

Boggy places. VI.—VIII.

Ben More; Shetland (McKinlay).

311. (20) B. DUVALII. Voigt. St. tufted, decumbent when old, elongate, branched; l. patulous, remote, broadly ovate-lanceolate, decurrent, cirrhate when dry, scarcely nerved to apex; per. l. inner lanceolate erect; caps. obovate-oblong regular pendulous from a long slender seta, contracted at mouth when dry; lid mammillate. [Bry. Eur., IV., t. 371.]

Boggy places. VIII. IX.

Glen Lyon, Ben Lawers, Hartfell, Helvellyn.

312. (21) B. PALLENS. Swartz. St. ¼–1in. branched; l. reddish, remote patulous ovate-lanceolate, slightly decurrent, keeled, serrulate at apex, margins thickened and recurved, nerve almost excurrent; caps. oblong pyriform, with a long tapering neck, pendulous, mouth small, but not contracted; lid small convex, pointed.

Near springs and ditches. VI.

var. β. _microstomum._ “caps, regular, sub-clavate, mouth smaller.”

313. (22) B. BARBATUM. Wils. MS. St. about 1in. branched, slender, red, and copiously beset with reddish brown radicles from base to summit; l. sub-erect, ovate, rather suddenly tapering into a longish sparsely toothed subula, uppermost broader, more shortly pointed, spreading, all concave, strongly nerved, margins plane, not recurved; areolæ very lax and transparent. The only specimen I have bears no fruit.

Ben Ledi (Dr. Stirton).

SECT. IV.

314. (23) B. ULIGINOSUM. B. & S., St. ½–1in. cæspitose, branched; l. green oval-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, margin reflexed below, excurrent nerve toothed; caps. clavate unequal pendulous, tapering into the long curved seta; mouth oblique; lid convex pointed.

Wet places near streams. VIII.

315. (24) B. PALLESCENS. Schw. St. 1–2in. branched, cæspitose, with purplish radicles below; l. ovate-lanceolate, margin reflexed, generally serrate at apex; upper with nerve scarcely excurrent, lower reddish; caps. pyriform, pendulous, tapering, contracted at mouth when dry; lid conical pointed; inner perist. with cilia.

Rocks and walls. VII. VIII.

var. β. _boreale._ caps. smaller, sub-erect.

γ. _contextum._ st. long, much branched; caps. ventricose, shorter, sub-pendulous.

δ. _subrotundum._ stem and l. smaller; caps. almost globose; seta curved.

316. (25) B. SAUTERI. B. & S. St. cæspitose, much branched; l. erecto-patent, ovate-acuminate or oblong-lanceolate, elongated, very concave, margins plane, nerve thick excurrent into a mucro; wings at base with hyaline cells; per. l. narrower; caps. slightly incurved, pendulous solid sanguineous; lid shortly conical. [Müller, Syn. I., 280.]

Teesdale (Spruce); Scotland (Mitten).

317. (26) B. CERNUUM. Hedw. St. ½–1½in; tufted, branched, very radiculose; l. ovate-acuminate concave, nerve much excurrent, sometimes serrulate at apex, margins recurved; caps. oblong-oval or pyriform, mouth small, neck not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical; inner perist. adherent to outer; annulus large.

Walls and rocks. V.

318. (27) B. INCLINATUM. B. & S. St. short, tufted branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate; caps. almost elliptical or pyriform, with a small mouth; lid conical, sharply pointed; perist. inner generally without cilia, and free.

Walls, banks, and decayed trees. V.

319. (28) B. INTERMEDIUM. Brid. St. about ½in. tufted, branched; l. imbricate, somewhat spreading ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, point sometimes toothed, margins recurved; caps. pyriform narrow sub-pendulous, tapering into a longish neck; lid conical pointed; inner perist. with cilia.

Walls and rocks, frequent. VI.—XII.

320. (29) B. BIMUM. Schreb. St. ½–1in. tufted, sometimes branched, with purplish radicles; l. ovate-lanceolate, shortly apiculate, occasionally serrate at apex, margins recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, tapering at neck, pendulous, constricted at mouth when dry; lid large convex apiculate.

Wet and boggy places. VI. VII.

var. β. _cuspidatum._ l. with long bushy points, margined. Walls, &c.

321. (30) B. TORQUESCENS. B. & S. St. ¼–1in. tufted, radiculose; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper ovate, all shortly pointed, entire, margin recurved, slightly twisted when dry; caps. large obconical or clavate, sub-pendulous, neck tapering; lid pointed.

Rocks and walls; rare. VI. VII.

322. (31) B. OBCONICUM. Hornsch. St. short tufted, branched; l. oblong-ovate pointed, concave, entire, margin recurved, not twisted when dry; caps. obconical, pendulous; neck long tapering; lid convex apiculate.

Walls. Barnard Castle, 1843 (Spruce). VI. VII.

323. (32) B. CAPILLARE. Hed. St. ¼–1in. tufted; l. lower ovate-oblong, upper obovate-oblong, all with longish slender points, concave, much contorted when dry, margin bordered with smaller cellules, reflexed, sometimes serrulate at apex; caps. sub-clavate or obovate, tapering, pendulous, only slightly constricted at mouth when dry; lid pointed.

Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent. VI.

var. β. _majus._ st. longer, l. broader, and with a wider margin, caps. larger and thicker. (Wilson says this is the most frequent English form.) On walls.

γ. _minus._ l. concave imbricate; caps. smaller.

δ. _flaccidum._ l. lower, purplish, flaccid, not contorted when dry, distinctly serrate at apex.

324. (33) B. DONIANUM. Grev. St. shorter than last, branched; l. ovate-oblong, slightly pointed, not contorted, but slightly twisted when dry, margin thickened, serrulate at apex; caps. long clavate, constricted at mouth when dry, sub-pendulous, lid pointed.

Sandy banks and rocks, rare. Warrington (Wilson); Hurst-pier-point (Mitten); Winchelsea (Jenner).

325. (34) B. BILLARDERII. Schw. St. ½–1in. branched, radiculose; l. crowded in tufts at top of branches and stems, ovate-oblong, serrate and recurved at apex, apiculate, margins recurved below; caps. pyriform, broadest below the middle, tapering at neck, pendulous; lid conical pointed.

Hurst-pier-point, on old ant-hills; barren. Summer.

326. (35) B. CÆSPITICIUM. L. St. ¼–1in. tufted, branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margin recurved but not thickened, erect when dry, upper ones largest; caps. oblong-obovate, pendulous, slightly constricted when dry; lid large mammillate.

Walls, rocks, roofs, &c.

327. (36) B. MURALE. Wils. St. ¼in. tufted, branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, concave, shortly pointed, margins plane; loosely imbricate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep purple or almost black when ripe; neck tapering; lid large mammillate.

Mortar of old walls. V. VI.

Marple, Killarney, N. Wales, Oxford, 1863 (H. Boswell).

328. (37) B. SANGUINEUM. Ludwig. St. ¼in.; l. distant, ovate-lanceolate pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margins scarcely recurved; caps. oblong or pyriform pendulous, blood-red when ripe; lid pointed.

Heathy ground and walls., VI. VII.

var. β. _radiculosum._ caps. obconical, seta geniculate at base.