Part 3

43. G. RUPESTRE. Schw. St. ½in. densely tufted, slender, dichotomous; l. linear-lanceolate, spreading obtuse keeled, nerved nearly to apex; capsule erect oval, lid flattish, suddenly rising to a longish scarcely bent beak.

Wet alpine rocks. Autumn.

var. β. _ramosissimum._ densely tufted, leaves shorter, capsule smaller on a shorter pedicel.

γ. _stelligerum._ loosely tufted, l. fasciculate and stellato-patent at the ends of the branches, linear-lanceolate acute.

δ. _compactum._ leaves fascicled, longer and more obtuse.

44. G. CURVIROSTRUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. cæspitose branches fastigiate; l. linear-lanceolate, spreading keeled, margins recurved, nerved nearly to apex; caps. broadly ovoid, lid adhering to columella, conical battened, with a long suddenly bent beak.

Moist sub-alpine rocks. Autumn.

var. β. _pomiforme._ leaves narrow, caps. more spherical.

γ. _microcarpon._ l. broader, erecto-patent, caps. smaller, roundish obovate.

δ. _pallidisetum._ st. long slender, l. fascicled, caps. small obovate, with a shorter pedicel and beak.

SECT. II. Infl. monoicous; margins of l. incurved or plane, not reflexed.

_a._ Caps. contracted at mouth; sporangium adherent to columella forming a closed sac.

45. G. SQUARROSUM. Wils. St. ¼in. loosely tufted, l. linear-lanceolate, squarrose, distant, blunt, nerve running out into a mucro; caps. elliptical, sometimes oblique and unequal; lid with a blunt beak.

Clay fields and banks. Autumn, Spring.

46. G. MICROSTOMUM. Hedw. St. ⅛ to ¼in. densely tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, acute, upper ones longest, nerve excurrent; capsule elliptical, sometimes oblique and gibbous, olive-brown, much contracted, lid with a longish curved beak.

Fields, &c. Spring.

var. β. _obliquum._ caps. oblong, oblique, lid sub-rostrate.

γ. _brevirostre._ caps. oblong symmetrical, lid short conical.

δ. _brachycarpum._ caps. roundish, gibbous.

ε. _elatum._ innovations overtopping fruit, caps. roundish small, lid sub-rostrate.

_b._ Caps. scarcely contracted; sporangium not adherent.

47. G. TORTILE. Schw. St. ⅛–¼in. densely tufted with fastigiate branches; l. oblong-lanceolate, spreading or sub-erect curved, obtuse, pointed with the excurrent nerve; caps. elliptical, with a purple mouth and an inclined beaked lid.

Limestone rocks. Spring.

var. β. _subcylindricum._ l. linear-lanceolate, caps. oblong.

6. WEISSIA. HEDW.

_a._ Monoicous.

48. W. CONTROVERSA. Hedw. St. ⅛–¼in. branched; l. lower lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate, margin incurved, with a slightly excurrent nerve; caps. oval, erect, lid conical, beak half-length of capsule; barren fl. gemmiform.

Frequent. Spring.

var. β. _stenocarpa._ caps. sub-cylindrical narrow.

γ. _densifolia._ densely tufted; l. crowded narrower.

δ. _amblyodon._ teeth of peristome variable, short and truncate, acute or cleft at apex., yellowish.

ε. _gymnostomoides._ teeth of peristome almost wanting.

49. W. MUCRONATA. B. & S. Smaller than last; l. linear-lanceolate, with plane margins, the nerve slightly excurrent and forming a mucro; caps. oblong, scarcely striated; teeth of per. short truncate, perforated, lid with a longish beak; barren fl. gemmiform.

Fallow (clay) ground. III. IV.

50. W. CIRRHATA. Hedw. St. ½–1in. loosely tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, spreading entire concave, keeled, margin reflexed, not nerved to apex; per. l. slightly sheathing, shorter; caps. oval-oblong; lid with a long beak; monoicous.

Posts and rocks in mountainous districts.

51. W. CRISPULA. Hedw. St. shorter than last, branched; l. spreading, frequently falcato-secund, lanceolate-subulate, base wide, concave; margins plane, not nerved to apex; caps. oval or oblong without annulus; lid beaked. Barren fl. gemmiform.

Mountainous rocks. VI. VII.

SECT. II. Infl. dioicous; terminal.

52. W. VERTICILLATA. Brid. St. ¼–¾in., branches fastigiate; l. linear-lanceolate, rigid, denticulate at base, sub-erect, margin plane, with a strong slightly excurrent nerve; teeth of per. incurved, not barred, sometimes perforated; caps. erect, reddish; lid beaked.

Dripping limestone rocks. VI. VII.

53. W. CALCAREA. Müll. St. short, simple; densely tufted, radiculose at base; l. lower small ferruginous, erecto-patent, narrowly lanceolate; upper larger deep green lineal-lanceolate, rather obtuse concave, stoutly nerved nearly to apex, margin minutely crenulate; per. l. lanceolate concave acute; caps. oblong sub-cylindric short-necked erect, on a pale yellow seta, lid conical subulate.

var. δ. _brevifolium._ Schpr. Slender branched; l. lower very minute distant, upper crowded ovate-lanceolate, recurved above; caps. oval.

Damp rocks and walls. Blackhall, nr. Banchory, Dee side. Mr. Sim. _var._ δ. only and barren. [Dr. Braithwaite.]

54. W. COMMUTATA. Mitt. “L. from a sub-oblong base lanceolate, narrowed, keeled with the nerve, which vanishes below apex, cells nearly all elongated and pellucid; per. l. similar”; caps. turbinate, lid with a very oblique longish beak.

Alpine rocks, Nant-y-Fydd, Wrexham (Mr. Bowman.)

55. W. TRUNCICOLA. De Not. In large dense bright green tufts; st. 1–2in. dichotomous, reddish, radiculose below; l. erect when moist and often secund on the young shoots, rather soft, papillose at back, from a narrowly lanceolate base gradually subulate channelled, thinly nerved nearly to apex, margin not revolute, sharply denticulate above and on the back of the nerve; strongly cirrhate and twisted when dry; basal cells large cylindraceo-vesicular, the rest small quadrate or sub-hexagonal, filled with chlorophyll. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., IX., 290.]

Base of an oak trunk in Sutton Park, Birmingham. J. Bagnall, 27th Aug., 1870.

7. RHABDOWEISSIA. BRUCH. & S.

56. R. FUGAX. B. & S. St. ¼–½in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, acute, toothed near apex, margins plane; caps. ovate, somewhat striated; teeth of per. subulate, fugacious; lid with an oblique beak longer than capsule.

Sub-alpine rocks, in crevices. VI. VII.

57. R. DENTICULATA. B. & S. St. longer than last, loosely tufted; l. lingulate or linear-lanceolate, strongly toothed half way from apex; caps. more distinctly striated when dry, teeth of per. lanceolate, persistent.

Alpine and sub-alpine rocks.

8. CAMPYLOSTELIUM. BRUCH. & S.

58. C. SAXICOLA. B. & S. Minute; l. elongate, linear-lanceolate, crowded entire, twisted, nerved nearly to summit; caps. elliptical drooping, on a geniculate pedicel, annulus double, calyptra 5–cleft. at base.

Sandstone rocks, rare. XI.

9. BRACHYODUS. NEES. & H.

59. B. TRICHODES. N. & H. Very minute; l. lanceolate-subulate, almost setaceous; erect, with an excurrent nerve forming half the leaf; caps. erect, furrowed; per. very short, annulus large, lid flattish with a long beak.

Sub-alpine sandstone rocks. Spring.

10. SELIGERIA. BRUCH & S.

60. S. PUSILLA. Bruch. & S. Minute, ⅛in. stems loosely tufted, simple or dichotomous; l. lanceolate-subulate, very narrow, thinly nerved nearly to apex; per. with teeth distantly barred; caps. on an upright pedicel, turbinate when dry, with a flattish beaked lid.

Shady limestone rocks. IV. V.

61. S. TRISTICHA. Brid. Densely cæspitose, rigid; l. exactly tristichous, crowded, rigid, narrowly lanceolate, muticous, base whitish; caps. yellowish brown sub-spherical, with a tumid neck, lid large with a long oblique or arcuate beak; per. teeth narrower than in _calcarea_.

Calcareous stones and rocks. Summer.

Blair Athol, Glen Tilt, and Ben-y-Gloe. Rev. J. M. Crombie.

62. S. PAUCIFOLIA. Carruthers. (_S. subcernua_, Schp.; _S. calcicola_, Mitt.) Densely gregarious, low; leaves crowded erecto-patent, lower ones lanceolate, upper subulate from a narrow oblong base, margins plane, nerve exserted, areolæ dense, rectangular; caps. elliptical sub-cernuous on a long seta, unsymmetrical, lid with a long beak; male fl. at base of female plant.

Limestone rocks and stones. VI.

Chalk Downs, Sussex, Mr. Mitten; Near Wetherby, 1801, Dickson.

[63. S. ACUTIFOLIA. Lind. Very small; l. and per. l. from a more or less sheathing base abruptly narrowed into a subterete setiform acute pointed awl, formed by the excurrent nerve, crenulate; seta 1 mm. long; caps. small, scarcely exserted, pyriform with a short neck, lid with a short scarcely oblique beak];—type not British but

var. β. _longiseta_, Lindb. Plant larger, seta 2–3 mm. long, caps. exserted, beak of lid longer and more oblique—gathered by Mr. Wilson, 14th May, 1831, and sent by him to Dr. Lindberg.

64. S. CALCAREA. B. & S. St. short, more robust, than No. 60, l. ovate-subulate, obtuse, dull green with a thicker nerve; caps. turbinate, shortly beaked, on a short stiff pedicel; peris. teeth, broader obtuse, closely barred.

Chalk cliffs. IV. V.

65. S. RECURVATA. B. & S. St. minute gregarious; l. lanceolate-subulate, somewhat flexuose, acute, nerve excurrent generally; caps. obovate elliptical; pedicel curved drooping.

Sandstone rocks, rare. IV. V.

11. ANODUS. BRUCH. & S.

66. A. DONIANUS. B. & S. St. minute, ⅛in. gregarious; l. almost setaceous, lanceolate-subulate, very minutely toothed; per. l. bluntish and rather shorter; caps. cup-shaped or turbinate, mouth wide; Cal. dimidiate; perist. none, lid with a short beak.

Sandstone rocks, rare. IX.

12. STYLOSTEGIUM. WILS.

67. S. CÆSPITICIUM. B. & S. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted; branches fastigiate; l. somewhat falcate and secund, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; per. l. larger with a sheathing base entire, nerve predominant; caps. roundish-pyriform glossy; lid obliquely beaked, adherent to columella.

Alpine rocks, in crevices. VII.

13. BLINDIA. WILS.

68. B. ACUTA. B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. subulate or lanceolate-setaceous, rigid, glossy, sub-secund, nerve thick; per. l. sheathing; caps. roundish-pyriform, on a short reddish pedicel; lid with a longish beak.

Moist alpine or sub-alpine rocks. Summer.

var. β. _breviseta._ “Stem shorter, caps. on a very short pedicel.” Wils.

γ. _rupincola._ pedicels arcuate.

δ. _trichodes._ Braithwaite. l. longer and more falcate. Wet rocks, near Bolton.—Whitehead.

14. ARCTOA. BRUCH. & S.

69. A. FULVELLA. B. & S. St. ½–2in. densely tufted; l. somewhat secund, often falcate, subulate-setaceous dull green, sometimes slightly toothed at apex, nerve predominant, per. l. large sheathing; caps. ovate, sometimes gibbous, 8–furrowed, lid obliquely beaked; barren fl. gemmiform: monoicous.

Fissures of alpine rocks. VII. VIII.

15. CYNODONTIUM. BRUCH. & S.

70. C. BRUNTONI. B. & S. St. ½–1in. tufted, branches fastigiate; l. linear-lanceolate or lanc-subulate, keeled, sometimes minutely denticulate at apex, margin reflexed, twisted when dry, nerved almost or quite to apex; per. l. sheathing; caps. erect obovate or elliptical; lid with a long oblique beak.

Sub-alpine rocks. VI.

16. DICRANUM. HEDW.

_a._ (DICRANELLA. Schimp.)

SECT. I. Stem long, rooting in all parts; leaves spreading flexuose, papillose on both sides, crenulate in margin, not nerved to apex; infl. monoicous; beak of lid shorter than caps.

71. D. POLYCARPUM. Ehr. L. bent, flexuose, often recurved, lanceolate-subulate or linear-lanceolate, keeled, margin recurved, somewhat papillose, denticulate at apex, nerve excurrent; caps. erect, symmetrical, striated, with a tumid neck.

Alpine rocks. VII. VIII.

var. β. _strumiferum._ caps. unequal, base strumose.

SECT. II. St. rooting in all parts, leafy; l. spreading, nerve slightly excurrent; infl. monoicous; caps. strumose.

72. D. VIRENS. Hedw. St. 1–3in. branched; l. erect ovate-lanceolate at base, sheathing, running to a long sub-denticulate, almost setaceous prolongation, margins recurved, nerve thick sub-excurrent; caps. cernuous strumose smooth oblong and curved; lid beaked.

Moist alpine rocks; Ben Lawers. VI. VII.

var. β. _Wahlenbergii._ l. flexuose, much attenuated, above narrower and longer, yellowish; caps. short, with a very prominent struma.

γ. _serratum._ stems taller; l. recurved from a sheathing base, coarsely serrated.

δ. _compactum._ st. shorter and slender; l. shorter lanceolate from an ovate base, entire, or very slightly toothed at apex; caps. gibbous on a shorter pedicel.

ε. _gracilescens._ l. narrower; caps. smaller.

SECT. III. L. squarrose, or patent spreading.

73. D. PELLUCIDUM. Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely tufted; l. distant, lanceolate, margins undulate, denticulate, papillose obtuse; caps. shortly ovate; lid conical rostrate; dioicous.

Wet stones in streams. X. XI.

var. β. fagimontanum. st. short, branches slender, l. shorter.

γ. serratum. l. crenato-serrate, with a more acute point; caps. oval or oblong, lid with a slender beak.

74. D. CRISPUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. gregarious, l. subulate from a broadish sheathing base setaceous above, long, spreading flexuose, minutely dentate, nerved to apex; caps. almost erect, oval or obovate, striate; lid with a long oblique subulate beak: monoicous.

Moist sandy banks, not common. X. XI.

75. D. GREVILLIANUM. B. & S. L. with a broad sheathing base, suddenly lanceolate-subulate prolonged, wide-spreading and wavy, entire, nerve broad; caps. ovate, sub-striate, strumose; lid with a beak longer than capsule: monoicous.

“Glen Tilt, at foot of Ben-y-Gloe, 1823, not since found.”—Wils. VIII. IX.

[I have a specimen gathered by Dr. A. O. Black, marked “Esk-no-more.”]

76. D. SCHREBERI. Hedw. St. ½–1in. sub-cæspitose, branched sparingly; l. base broad, suddenly lanceolate-subulate, spreading flexuose keeled, denticulate at apex; caps. ovate-oblong, scarcely strumose, cernuous; lid conical, shortly rostrate; dioicous.

Clayey or sandy soil near streams, rare. X. XI.

Lancashire, Cheshire, and near Glasgow.

77. D. SQUARROSUM. Schrad. St. 1–3in. dichotomous; l. lanceolate from a broad sheathing base obtuse, undulate, entire concave recurved, nerve narrow, reaching nearly to apex; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous; lid long conical, with a short beak.

Wet mountainous places. VIII. IX.

78. D. CERVICULATUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. sparingly branched; l. spreading flexuose, almost setaceous from a broadish amplexicaul base, entire, nerved into the subula; caps. roundish ovate gibbous, strumose; lid with a long oblique or curved subulate beak.

Sandy banks or on turf, frequent. VI. VII.

var. β. _pusillum._ st. shorter, simple; l. smaller sub-erect; caps. smaller and less gibbous.

SECT. IV. L. secund or sub-secund.

79. D. VARIUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. lanceolate, entire keeled sub-denticulate at apex, margin reflexed, nerve scarcely excurrent; caps. inclined, ovate or oblong, slightly tumid; lid shortly beaked; seta twisted to the right.

Moist banks. XI. XIII.

var., β. _tenuifolium._ l. narrow, obscurely nerved.

γ. _tenellum._ st. slender, scarcely branched; l. falcato-secund, distantly denticulate.

δ. _callistomum._ l. scarcely secund, caps. erect, obovate truncated, lid almost as long as caps.

80. “D. FALLAX. Wils. MS. Closely resembles the last. L. more distant, with impressed wings and less elongated setaceous points, and a more dilated flattened nerve, uppermost sub-secund. Caps. nearly symmetric erect or sub-cernuous, with a shorter conical lid: dioicous.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 227.]

Banks. III. IV.

Anglesea (Wilson); Cotterall Wood (Hunt); Park Gate, Cheshire (Miss Jelly).

81. D. RUFESCENS. Turn. St. short bright red, scarcely branched; l. linear-lanceolate, obscurely toothed, reddish, margins plane, secund, pellucid; caps. erect ovate or obovate, slightly tumid, with a conical beaked lid. Seta twisted to the left; dioicous.

Moist sandy banks. X. XI.

82. D. SUBULATUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. l. falcato-secund, setaceous from an oblong-lanceolate base, entire; caps. ovate gibbous oblique striate when dry, seta red; dioicous.

Moist shady sandy banks; common on the mortar of walls, &c. IX. X.

83. D. CURVATUM. Hedw. Cæspitose; st. bi-tripartite; l. setaceous from a shortly ovate semi-sheathing base, channelled, apex denticulate, falcato-setaceous; caps. erect or sub-erect, ovate-oblong, slightly gibbous, distinctly striate. [Sch. Syn. p. 75. Bry. Eur. vol. I.]

Walls. Autumn and Spring.

Llanberis, N. Wales (W. Wilson).

84. D. HETEROMALLUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. simple or branched, in silky tufts; l. lanceolate-setaceous, slightly dentate at apex; caps. obovate gibbous, obliquely plicate when dry; lid with a long beak, seta pale yellowish; dioicous.

Moist banks and walls. XI. XII.

var. β. _strictum._ l. erecto-patent, straight, not secund; seta longer flexuose.

γ. _interruptum._ larger; stem interrupted leafy; l. spreading or secund.

δ. _sericeum._ Schp. plants taller; l. diverging almost on all sides, pale green or yellowish, often strongly and remotely toothed. Soccoth Hill, Arrochar (McKinlay).

_b._ (EU-DICRANUM.)

SECT. I. FALCATÆ. Densely tufted, st. dichotomous and fastigiate, decumbent at base with few or no radicular fibres; l. lanceolate-subulate, secund or falcato-secund, nerve predominant above; caps. cernuous, neck strumose or ventricose, lid with a long beak: monoicous.

85. D. STARKII. Web. & M. St. 1–3in. branched; l. subulate-setaceous from a lanceolate base, falcato-secund, entire, nerve strongly predominant, caps. oblong arcuate, gibbous, strumose, striate, sub-cernuous.

Alpine rocks. VIII.

var. β. _molle._ taller; l. wider lanceolate, purplish brown; nerve not predominant.

Summit of Ben Nevis.

86. D. FALCATUM. Hedw. St. shorter, dichotomously branched and fastigiate; l. strongly falcato-secund, from a lanceolate base subulato-setaceous, denticulate at apex, nerve predominant, caps. shortly obovate, strumose, almost smooth when dry; lid large beaked.

Alpine rocks. VIII. IX.

87. D. BLYTTII. Br. & S. St. branched fastigiate; l. flexuoso-patent, or sub-secund, from an erect base lanceolate-subulate, soft, entire, nerve predominant, per. l. sheathing; caps. sub-cernuous, ovate, incurved, without striæ, strumose, lid rostrate; per. teeth narrow inflexed when dry.

Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VIII.

SECT. II. ORTHOCARPA. Densely cæspitose; st. 1 or more inches high, dichotomous, with or without radicular fibres; l. secund, lanceolate-subulate, smooth glossy, nerve excurrent or nerveless. Caps. erect cylindrical; neck long symmetrical; lid conical at base.

88. D. GLACIALE. Berg. Monoicous, in wide tufts, without radicular tomentum, erect, 2–5in. high, l. erecto-patent, straight glossy, lowest minute lanceolate nerveless, upper oblong at base, lanceolate-subulate, deeply concave, margin inflexed entire, basal angles auricled, orange, nerve narrow compressed; per. l. sheathing, suddenly narrowed into a long subula; caps. cernuous, cylindraceous, more or less incurved strumose, not striate; lid rostrate.

Alpine rocks; Ben Nevis, Clova, Ben-y-Gloe.

[Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. VIII., 228.]

89. D. VIRIDE. Sull. et Lesq. Dioicous, in dense cushions, or cæspitose, reddish and tomentose at base, above dark green; branches dichotomous; l. lineal-lanceolate subulate, nerve running out in the concave awl; per. l. sheathing; areolæ densely chlorophyllose, enlarged at base; caps. erect, oblong, slightly incurved, lid with a long beak.

Trunks of trees: rarely on sandstone rocks.

fig. Schpr. Musci. Eur. novi, &c. fasc. III. IV.

Staffordshire (Mr. Bloxam).

90. D. SCOTTIANUM. Turn. St. 2 or 3in. robust; l. erecto-patent, sub-secund incurved lanceolate-subulate, slightly twisted at apex when dry, concave entire, nerve strong excurrent; caps. elongated, slightly curved, tapering at base, lid obliquely rostrate.

Rocks in mountainous districts. VII. VIII.

91. D. LONGIFOLIUM. Hedw. Cæspitose, tufts pale green or whitish; stem arcuate or geniculate ascending, slightly radiculose; l. long falcato-secund, rarely spreading, subulate from a lanceolate base, with a slender nerve, margin and back serrate at apex; per. l. convolute sheathing; caps. elongate cylindrical, upright or sub-incurved, without striæ, brown; beak subulate, annulus narrow: dioicous.

Sub-alpine rocks. Autumn.

Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton).

92. D. CIRCINNATUM. Wils. Dioicous, in loose irregular light green tufts; st. 3–6in. dichotomous, geniculate or ascending, with radicles from base of leaves. L. very long, secund, arcuate from an oblong sheathing base decurrent at angles, longly subulate concave; nerve flattened, covering one-fifth of base and all the subula, which is denticulate; base laxly areolate in middle, with narrower cells at margin. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 230.]

Fr. unknown.

Ben Voirlich, Clova, Ben Nevis, Lennox Castle.

SECT. III. SCOPARIÆ. St. loosely or densely matted, tall, with proliferous radicular fibres; l. long spreading or secund, lanceolate-subulate, glossy, denticulate at apex; nerve with or without dorsal lamellæ; caps. cernuous bent; lid with a long beak.

93. D. FUSCESCENS. Turn. St. 2–3m. loosely tufted; l. spreading, sub-secund, flexuose, canaliculate, minutely toothed at apex, nerve excurrent; caps. oblong incurved, furrowed when dry; lid with a very long beak.

Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VIII.

94. D. SCOPARIUM. Hedw. St. 2–4in. loosely tufted dichotomous; l. secund or falcato-secund, carinato-concave, margins inflexed, serrate at apex; nerve with about four prominent ridges at back, serrate at apex; per. l. larger convolute; caps. cylindrical, slightly curved; lid with a long beak.

Shady banks and rocks, common. VII. VIII.

var. β. _orthophyllum._ stem erect; l. erecto-patent or sub-secund straight.

γ. _curvatum._ branches curved ascending, l. more falcate; caps. shorter.

95. D. MAJUS. Turn. St. 4–6in. loosely cæspitose; l. falcato-secund; concave dentato-serrate at apex; caps. horizontally cernuous, curved, furrowed when dry; lid and calyptra very long; fruit-stalks pale aggregate.

Shady banks, &c., in woods. VII. VIII.

SECT. IV. UNDULATA. St. very tall, with radicular fibres; l. large glossy, spreading every way or secund, lanceolate below, linear-subulate above; nerve flattish, with lamellæ at back.

96. D. PALUSTRE. Brid. St. 3–4in. erect branched sub-fastigiate; l. spreading, sub-secund, linear-lanceolate undulated, terminal ones crowded into a cuspidate cluster on the barren shoots; serrate at apex; nerve thin and narrow, not reaching to apex, and without ridges; caps. sub-erect, slightly curved, sub-cylindrical, striate.

Marshy places and moist banks. IX.

var. β. _juniperifolium._ with shorter, wider, and more rigid leaves.

γ. _polycladum._ branches slender flagelliform; l. small imbricate.

97. D. SCHRADERI. Schwaeg. St. 3–6in.; l. sub-secund, rather obtuse, carinato-concave, subrugose, toothed on margin and keel, sub-papillose at back near apex; caps. oval-oblong incurved; lid rostrate.

Turfy bogs, rare. IX.

98. D. SPURIUM. Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose; l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, undulate serrate, papillose at back; not nerved to apex; caps. sub-cylindrical arcuate, slightly strumose, striate; lid with a long curved beak.

Moors and bogs. VI.

17. LEUCOBRYUM. HAMPE.

99. L. GLAUCUM. Hampe. St. 1–6in. or more, dichotomous fragile, fastigiate; l. subulate from an ovate-lanceolate base, erect, rather obtuse, and apiculate; caps, cernuous, strumose, furrowed when dry.

Moist heaths, woods, rare in fr.

18. CERATODON. BRID.

100. C. PURPUREUS. Brid, St. ¼–2in. cæspitose, branched; l. oblong-lanceolate, margin recurved, nerve excurrent; caps. elliptic-oblong, irregular, purple, angular when dry on a purplish red seta; lid conical.

Banks, &c., common. IV. V.