d. Liberation of Chile; battles of Chacabuco and Maipu;

work of O'Higgins and Lord Cochrane; foreigners in San Martin's service.

e. Campaign for Peru--Naval and Military.

12. Relations of Bolivar and San Martin; political theories of each; the conference at Guayaquil; retirement of San Martin.

13. Final Stages in the war of independence, 1822-1826:

a. Bolivar's invasion of Peru; relations with political leaders.

b. Battles of Junin and Ayacucho.

c. The campaign in Upper Peru; the Bolivian constitution.

d. Surrender of Callao.

14. The part of the Indians in the wars; the part of the loyalists, their treatment; emigration of loyalists.

15. Early evidences of national aspiration on the part of various communities.

16. Prosperity; free trade; interest of England and the United States.

17. Unity versus sectionalism.

18. The Confederation of New Granada; Bolivar as an executive and political theorist; revolutionary legislation.

19. Political theories and conflicting ambitions of the generals; radicalism and conservatism in the revolution.

20. Establishment of states.

21. Revolutionary society in South America.

22. Comparison of the revolutions in South America with that in the United States.

23. Mexico and Central America:

a. Hidalgo, Morelos, Mina, Guerrero.

b. Iturbide and the Plan of Iguala.

c. Part of the church; the land issue; social questions.

d. Revolutionizing of Central America.

24. Saint Domingue: Toussaint L'Ouverture.

Required Readings: Shepherd, 69-81; Garcia Calderon, 58-86; Bryce, 423-448; _Cambridge Modern History_, Vol. X, 280-309; Herrera, _La Revolution Francesa y Sud America_; Robertson, _Francisco de Miranda and the Revolutionising of Spanish-America_ (Amer. Hist. Assn. reports, 1907); _Rise of Spanish-American Republics_; Moses, _Spain's Declining Power in South America, 1730-1806_.

Additional Readings: Bancroft, _Mexico_; Pilling, _The Emancipation of South America_; Paxson, _The Independence of South American Republics_; Moses, _South America on the Eve of Emancipation_; Filisola, _La Cooperacion de Mexico en la independencia de Centro America_; Mitre, _The Emancipation of South America_; Petre, _Bolivar_; Mancini, _Bolivar et l'emancipation des colonies espagnoles_; Decoudray-Holstein, _Memoirs of Simon Bolivar_; Rene-Moreno, _Ultimas Dias Coloniales en el Alto Peru_; Ingenieros, _La Evolucion de las Ideas Argentinas: La Revolucion_; Calvo, _Annales historiques de la revolution de l'Amerique latine_; Torrente, _Historia de la revolucion hispano-Americana_; Chandler, _Inter-American Acquaintances_; Walton, _Present State of the Spanish Colonies_.

=Chapter VI. Early Relations of Hispanic America with the United States; the Monroe Doctrine.=

1. Diffusion of revolutionary ideas and political opinions in South America.

2. Part of Spanish-Americans in the American war of independence.

3. Part of the United States in the Hispanic-American wars of independence; diplomatic relations of United States and the _de facto_ governments and people of Hispanic America.

4. Early ideas as to American concert.

5. Jefferson and John Adams on South America.

6. Early statements of the Monroe Doctrine.

7. Evolution of Monroe Doctrine during the Revolutionary War; the part of Hispanic America.

8. Attitude of European States toward Hispanic America after the Congress of Vienna.

a. Effects of revolutionary wars upon European politics and diplomacy.

b. The policy of intervention.

c. The Holy Alliance and the Concert of Europe.

d. Applications of policy of intervention.

e. The Congress of Verona.

f. The position of England.

9. Recognition by the United States.

10. The Canning-Rush-Adams correspondence.

11. The Monroe message.

12. Reception of Monroe Doctrine in South America and in Europe.

13. The Monroe Doctrine, 1823-1828.

14. Recognition by Great Britain, Spain, and other European states.

Required Readings: Edgington, _History of the Monroe Doctrine_; Bingham, _The Monroe Doctrine, an Obsolete Shibboleth_; Garcia Calderon, 58-85; Bryce, 422-451; Koebel, _British Exploits_, 163-254; Shepherd, _Bolivar and the United States_ (Hisp. Am. Hist. Rev. 1918); Moore, _Digest of International Law_ (Sections on Monroe Doctrine); The New International Encyclopaedia; _Annals of the American Academy of Political Science_, July, 1914; Robertson, _Reception of the Monroe Doctrine_ (Political Science Quarterly, 1915); Manning, _Early Diplomatic Relations between the United States and Mexico_.

Additional Readings: Gilman, _James Monroe_; Bigelow, _American Policy_; Coolidge, _United States as a World Power_; Hart, _The Monroe Doctrine_; Torres, _An Exposition of the Commerce of South America_; Chadwick, _The Relations of Spain and the United States_.

=Chapter VII. Political Theories and Early Republican Institutions.=

1. The monarchical idea _versus_ the republican; opinions of the revolutionary leaders: Bolivar, San Martin, Rivadavia, Belgrano, etc.

2. Early political parties or groups and their theories:

a. Unitary; federalist; conservative; and radical.

b. Liberal and conservative writers on politics: Lastarria, Bilbao, Echeverria, Montalvo, Vigil, Sarmiento; Bello, Alberdi, Herrera, Acosta.

c. Influence of France upon political theorists.

3. Political factions:

Military; clerical; civilian; and lay.

4. Party methods and politics.

5. Ballot and elections; restrictions of the suffrage.

6. Popular apathy in political affairs; personal politics.

7. Character of governments:

Federal and unitary.

8. Early constitutions; separation of powers.

9. The office of executive.

a. Constitutional powers in various countries.

b. Prestige and dignity of office.