c. Writers: Zumarraga, Las Casas, Ercilla, Balbuena, Juana

Ines de la Cruz, Espejo.

4. The press.

5. Transplantation of European civilization:

Language; customs; education; religion; political theories and institutions.

6. Cultural influence of colonies upon Spain and Europe.

Required Readings: Shepherd, 59-68; Moses, _South America on the Eve of Emancipation_, 143-166; Coester, _The Literary History of Spanish America_, 1-38.

Additional Readings: Humboldt, _Personal Narrative of Travels_; Ingenieros, _La Revolucion_, 29-78; Bunge, _Nuestra America_.

J. Political History.

1. Diplomatic relations of Spain and Portugal in 17th and 18th Centuries.

2. The Viceroyalties:

a. New Spain, 1534.

b. Peru, 1542.

c. New Granada, 1739.

d. La Plata, 1776.

3. Indian Wars and political insurrections.

4. The favored and the neglected colonies.

5. Colonial defence--military and naval.

Readings: Keller, 316-325; Watson, _Spanish and Portuguese South America_; Moses, _The Spanish Dependencies in South America_.

=Chapter III. Settlement of Brazil and Portuguese Institutions.=

1. The voyage of Cabral; Portuguese claims; Correia, Coelho, de Souza.

2. Early settlements; attitude of Portuguese toward Brazil; founding of cities.

3. Portuguese system of colonization in Brazil.

a. The captaincies.

b. The "desembargo do paco."