i. Concessions and monopolies:

1. Procedure in obtaining them.

2. Policies of various countries in relation thereto.

3. Attitude of the United States toward them.

Readings: Shepherd, 168-191; Koebel, _The South Americans_, 304-358; Domville-Fife, _Great States of South America; Atlas America Latina; Sheridan, Transportation Rates to the West Coast of South America_ (Sp. Agts. report, Ser. 72, 1913. Bur. of For. and Dom. Commerce); Gueydan, _Transportation Facilities of Colombia and Venezuela_ (_ibid._); _Trade mark registration in Latin America_ (Tariff series, No. 31, _ibid._); Verrill, Aughinbaugh, and Babson; Reports of Bureau of Trade Relations of the State Department; Report of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the Commerce Department; U. S. Federal Trade Com. Rep. on Trade and Tariffs in Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru; _Tariff Systems of South American countries_. (Bur. of For and Dom. Com.)

7. Educational and Cultural:

A. Educational:

1. General characteristics.

2. Percentages of illiterates in various countries.

3. Educational progress.

4. Obstacles to popular education.

5. Foreign influences in education.

a. European teachers in Hispanic-America.

b. American teachers in Argentina in 1868; educational reforms of Sarmiento.

c. Influence of United States at present.

6. Administration of schools.

7. Elementary and secondary education.

8. Higher education in Hispanic-America.

a. Universities:

1. Faculties, courses, and equipment.

2. Libraries and publications.

3. Students.

b. Scientific pursuits.

1. Observatories and other establishments for study of geography, ethnology, and zoology.

2. Schools of medicine and surgery.

c. Industrial and technical education.

9. Urban and rural education.

10. Popular interest in education.

11. Non-official efforts for promotion of education:

a. Congresses and teachers' associations.

b. Private schools and institutions.

c. Publications and lectures.

12. Educational reforms needed.

B. Cultural achievements in general:

1. Public charity:

a. Control and sources of revenue.

b. Societies and institutions for social service.

2. Public libraries.

3. Journalism:

a. Status of the press in various countries.

b. Notable newspapers.

c. Recent development.

d. Magazines and periodicals.

4. Literature:

a. General characteristics.

b. European and particularly French influence.

c. Representative literary men and their works.

1. Novelists, essayists, poets:

Ricardo Palma, Rodo, Alencar, Gonzalvez Diaz, San Martin, Echeverria, Sarmiento, Ruben Dario, Chocano, Blanco Fombona, etc.

2. Historians:

Alaman, the Amunategui, Barros Arana, Icazbalceta, Vicuña Mackenna, Mitre, Jose Toribio Medina, Oliviera Lima, Zamacois, etc.

3. Jurists:

Bello, Calvo, Velez Sarsfield, Ambrosio Montt, etc.

5. Arts:

a. General characteristics.

b. Achievements in music; the drama; architecture; painting; and sculpture.

Readings: For education: Shepherd, 192-204; ----, _Education in South America_, (Review of Reviews, May, 1908); ----, _Higher Education in South America_, (Columbia University Quart., Dec., 1907); Koebel, _The South Americans_, 109-132; Brandon, _Latin-American Universities and Special Schools_; Blakslee, _Latin-America_, 30-46; Monroe, _An Encyclopedia of Education_ (See discussion under the names of each country); see also, Walle, _Bolivia_, Chap. 6; Eder, _Colombia_, Chap. 16; Hirst, _Argentina_, Chap. 14; and Wright's books on Bolivia, Chile, and Peru; Bravo Mejia, _Organizacion de las escuelas rurales_; Amunategui, _Discursos Parliamentarios_.

For cultural problems: Shepherd, 204-250; _La Literatura y el Periodismo_; Garcia Calderon, _Latin-America_, 249-282; Warner, _Library of the World's Best Literature_, Vol. 15; Blakslee, _Latin-America_, 299-306; Koebel, _The South Americans_, 109-130; Goldberg, _Studies in Spanish American Literature_; Umphrey, _Spanish American Poets of Today and Yesterday_ (Hispania, 1919); Coester, _The Literary History of Spanish America_; Starr, _Readings from Modern Mexican Authors_; Lamborn, _Mexican Paintings and Painters_; Zanelli Lopez, _Mujeres Chilenos de letras_; Amunategui, La _Alborada, poetica in Chile_.