Chapter V; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. X, 244 _et seq._;

Desdevises du Dezert, _L'Espagne de L'Ancien Régime_ (Les Institutions) 122-163; Solorzano, _Politica Indiana_, Vol. II; Haebler, _Amerika_ (Helmolt's _Weltgeschichte_, Vol. I) 384, _et seq._

C. The Church. _Real Patronato._

1. Royal control of the Church in oversea dominions.

a. Bull of Alexander VI, 1493.

b. The bull of Julius II, 1508.

c. The system as perfected.

2. The clergy in the colonies.

3. The priest as a colonizer.

4. Jesuits and other clerical orders.

5. Relations of Church and State.

6. The church and education.

7. The right of sanctuary in the colonies.

8. The mission system; the Church and the Indian.

9. The Inquisition in Spanish America.

10. The Church in Spanish and Portuguese colonies compared.

11. Some notable priests and monks; Las Casas, Zumarraga; Cardenas, etc.

12. Expulsion of Jesuits, 1767, (Portugal, 1759).

Required Readings: Shepherd, 49-59; Bourne, 302-319; Keller, 283-305; Ayme, _Ancient Temples and Cities of the New World_; Moses, _Establishment of Spanish Rule_, Chap. IV; ----, _South America on the Eve of Emancipation_, 119-142; ----, _Spanish Dependencies in South America_, Vol. I, 338-349; 364-380; Vol. II, 143-153; 206-232; Smith, 229-248.

Additional Readings: Acosta, _The Natural and Moral History of the Indies_, Vol. II; Lea, _The Inquisition in the Spanish Dependencies_; Graham, _A Vanished Arcadia_; Koebel, _In Jesuit Land_; Escriche, _Diccionario Razonado de Legislacion_; Palma, _Anales de la inquisicion de Lima_; Lowery, _Spanish Settlements in the United States_, Vol. I, 339-366; Calle, _Memorial y Noticias Sacras_; Chapman, _The Founding of Spanish California_ (cf. Index, "Religious Conquest"); Medina, _Historia de Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion en Mexico_; _Cambridge Modern History_, Vol. X, 253, _et seq._

D. The Indians and the Labor System.

1. The aborigines: tribes; number.

a. Most important families: Araucanians; Arawak; Aymara; Aztec; Carib; Charrua; Chibcha; Coconuco; Guarani; Inca; Maya; Mojos; Puelche; Quechua; Tapuya; Tupi, etc.

2. Indian civilization:

a. The Aztecs of Mexico.

b. The Incas of Peru.

3. Treatment of Indians by the Spanish; comparison of this treatment with that by other nations.

4. Reputation of Spaniards for cruelty.

5. Laws of Spain relative to Indians:

a. Early regulations; instructions to Columbus; laws of Burgos, 1512; laws of 1530.

b. The "New Laws," 1542.