Chapter 14

1) The elements of form: words, sentences, paragraphs, and wholes 58

a) Words, the medium of language must have two powers 54

(1) Denotation, to name what they mean 54

(2) Connotation, to suggest what they imply 54

b) Suggestive power of words illustrated 55

2) General qualities characteristic of perfect form 57

a) Precision or clearness 57

(1) Precision demands that words have denotation 57

(2) Precision appeals to the intellect 57

b) Energy or force 57

(1) Energy demands that words have connotation 58

(2) Energy appeals to the emotions and holds the attention 58

c) Delicacy or emotional harmony 58

(1) Delicacy demands that words have the power of adaptation 58

(2) Delicacy demands that form appeal to the æsthetic sense 58

(3) Delicacy is secured by selection and arrangement of words according to emotional associations 58

d) Personality 58

(1) Personality gives the charm of individuality 58

(2) Personality suggests the character of the writer 58

3) Principles controlling the elements of form, principles of composition 58

a) The principle of sincerity 58

(1) Sincerity demands a just expression 58

b) The principle of unity 59

(1) Unity demands a central idea 59

(2) Unity demands completeness 59

(3) Unity demands no irrelevant material 59

(4) Unity demands method, sequence and climax 59

c) The principle of mass 59

(1) Mass demands that the chief parts readily catch the eye 59

(2) Mass demands harmonious proportion of parts 59

d) The principle of coherence 59

(1) Coherence demands unmistakable relation of parts 59

(2) Coherence demands this unmistakable relation be preserved by the order, forms and connections 59

4) Form characterized by perfect adaptation of words to thought and feeling is called style 59

a) Style demands that form possess the four general qualities of form in perfection: precision, energy, delicacy, and personality 59

b) Style demands that form have its elements controlled by the four general principles: sincerity, unity, mass, and coherence 59

c) _Oeyvind and Marit_, a modern tale illustrating style 60

d) _Three Billy-Goats Gruff_, a folk-tale illustrating style 64

e) The folk-tale generally considered as to literary form 65

f) The tale by Grimm, Perrault, Dasent, Harris, Jacobs, Lang, and Andersen considered as to literary form 67

g) The tale of to-day considered as to literary form 69

III. The fairy tale as a short-story 70

1. Characters 71

a. Characters must be unique, original, and striking 72

b. Characters of the fairy tales 72

2. Plot 73

a. Plot must be entertaining, comical, novel, or thrilling 73

b. Plot must show a beginning, a middle, and an end 73