CHAPTER XLI
JAMES II. 1685-1689
1. The Accession of James II. 1685 634
2. A Tory Parliament. 1685 636
3. Argyle's Landing. 1685 636
4. Monmouth's Landing. 1685 637
5. The Bloody Assizes. 1685 637
6. The Violation of the Test Act. 1685 638
7. Breach between Parliament and King. 1685 638
8. The Dispensing Power. 1686 638
9. The Ecclesiastical Commission. 1686 639
10. Scotland and Ireland. 1686-1687 639
11. The Fall of the Hydes. 1686-1687 640
12. The Declaration of Indulgence. 1687 640
13. The Expulsion of the Fellows of Magdalen. 1687 641
14. An Attempt to pack a Parliament. 1687 641
15. A Second Declaration of Indulgence. 1688 642
16. Resistance of the Clergy. 1688 642
17. The Trial of the Seven Bishops. 1688 643
18. Invitation to William of Orange. 1688 643
19. Landing of William. 1688 644
20. William's March upon London. 1688 645
21. A Convention Parliament Summoned. 1688 646
22. The Throne Declared Vacant. 1689 646
23. William and Mary to be Joint Sovereigns. 1689 647
24. Character of the Revolution. 647
_LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS_
FIG. PAGE
174. Henry VIII. 368 (_From a painting by Holbein about 1536, belonging to Earl Spencer_)
175. Cardinal Wolsey 365 (_From an original picture belonging to the Hon. Sir Spencer Ponsonby-Fane, K.C.B._)
176. The embarkation of Henry VIII. from Dover, 1520 370 (_From the Society of Antiquaries' engraving of the original picture at Hampton Court_)
177. Silver-gilt cup and cover, made at London in 1523; at Barber Surgeons' Hall, London 371 (_From Cripps's_ 'College and Corporation Plate')
178. Part of Hampton Court; built by Cardinal Wolsey; finished in 1526 373 (_From a photograph_)
179. Portrait of William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1503-1532, showing the ordinary episcopal dress, with the mitre and archiepiscopal cross 376 (_From a painting by Holbein, belonging to Viscount Dillon, F.S.A., dated 1527_)
180. Tower of Fountains Abbey church; built by Abbot Huby, 1494-1526 378 (_From a photograph by Valentine and Sons, Dundee_)
181. Catharine of Aragon 380 (_From a painting in the National Portrait Gallery_)
182. The gatehouse of Coughton Court, Warwickshire; built about 1530 381 (_From Niven's_ 'Illustrations of Old Warwickshire Houses')
183. Hall of Christchurch, Oxford; built by Cardinal Wolsey; finished in 1529 384 (_From a photograph by W. H. Wheeler, Oxford_)
184. Sir Thomas More, wearing the collar of SS. 387 (_From an original portrait painted by Holbein in 1527, belonging to Edward Huth, Esq._)
185. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, 1504-1535 393 (_From a drawing by Holbein in the Royal Library, Windsor Castle_)
186. Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, brother of Jane Seymour, afterwards Duke of Somerset, known as 'the Protector,' at the age of 28, 1507-1552 395 (_From a painting at Sudeley Castle_)
187. Henry VIII. 403 (_From a painting by Holbein, belonging to the Earl of Warwick_)
188. Angel of Henry VIII., 1543 405 (_From an original example_)
189. Part of the encampment at Marquison, 1544, showing military equipment in the time of Henry VIII. 406
190, 191. Part of the siege of Boulogne by Henry VIII., 1544, showing military operations 407, 408 (_From the Society Of Antiquaries' engravings, by Vertue, of the now destroyed paintings formerly at Cowdray House, Sussex_)
192. Armour as worn in the reign of Henry VIII.; from the brass of John Lymsey, 1545, in Hackney church 409
193. Margaret, wife of John Lymsey; from her brass in Hackney church, showing the costume of a lady circa 1545 409 (_From Haines's_ 'Manual of Monumental Brasses')
194. Thomas Howard, third Duke of Norfolk, 1473(?)-1554 410 (_From a painting by Holbein at Windsor Castle_)
195. Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1533-1556 414 (_From a painting by Holbein dated 1547, at Jesus College, Cambridge_)
196. Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London, 1550-1553 417 (_From the National Portrait Gallery_)
197. King Edward VI. 419 (_From a picture belonging to H. Hucks Gibbs, Esq._)
198. Queen Mary Tudor 422 (_From a painting by Lucas de Heere, dated 1554, belonging to the Society of Antiquaries_)
199. Hugh Latimer, Bishop of Worcester, 1535-1539, burnt 1555 425 (_From the National Portrait Gallery_)
200. A milled half-sovereign of Elizabeth, 1562-1568 435 (_From an original example_)
201. Silver-gilt standing cup made in London in 1569-70, and given to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, by Parker 440 (_From Cripps's_ 'College and Corporation Plate')
202. Sir Francis Drake in his forty-third year 448 (_From the engraving by Elstracke_)
203. Armour as worn during the reign of Elizabeth; from the brass of Francis Clopton, 1577, at Long Melford, Suffolk 451 (_From Haines's_ 'Manual of Monumental Brasses')
204. Hall of Burghley House, Northamptonshire, built about 1580 455 (_From Drummond's_ 'Histories of Noble British Families')
205. Sir Martin Frobisher, died 1594 459 (_From a picture belonging to the Earl of Carlisle_)
206. The Spanish Armada. Fight between the English and Spanish fleets off the Isle of Wight, July 25, 1588 461 (_From Pine's engravings of the tapestry formerly in the House of Lords_)
207. Sir Walter Raleigh (1552-1618), and his eldest son Walter at the age of eight 463 (_From a picture dated 1602, belonging to Sir J. F. Lennard, Bart._)
208. A mounted soldier at the end of the sixteenth century 465 (_From a broadside printed in 1596, in the Society of Antiquaries' collection_)
209. Wollaton Hall, Nottinghamshire; built by Thorpe for Sir Francis Willoughby, about 1580-1588 466 (_From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby_)
210. Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire; built by Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, about 1597 467 (_From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby_)
211. E-shaped house at Beaudesert, Staffordshire; built by Thomas, Lord Paget, about 1601 469 (_From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby_)
212. Ingestre Hall, Staffordshire; built about 1601 471 (_From a photograph by R. Keene, Derby_)
213. Coaches in the reign of Elizabeth 473 (_From_ 'Archæologia,' vol. xx. pl. xviii.)
214. William Shakspere 474 (_From the bust on his tomb at Stratford-on-Avon_)
215. Robert Devereux, second Earl of Essex, K.G., 1567-1601 476 (_From a painting by Van Somer, dated 1599, belonging to the Earl of Essex_)
216. Queen Elizabeth, 1558-1603 477 (_From a painting belonging to the University of Cambridge_)
217. William Cecil, Lord Burghley, K.G., 1520-1591 479 (_From a painting in the Bodleian Library, Oxford_)
218. Royal arms borne by James I. and succeeding Stuart sovereigns 482 (_From Boutell's_'English Heraldry')
219. North-west view of Hatfield House, Herts; built for Robert Cecil, first Earl of Salisbury, between 1605 and 1611 485 (_From a photograph by Valentine and Sons, Dundee_)
220. An unknown gentleman 487 (_From a painting belonging to T. A. Hope, Esq._)
221. King James I. 491 (_From a painting by P. Van Somer, dated 1621, in the National Portrait Gallery_)
222. Civil costume, about 1620 492 (_From a contemporary broadside in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries_)
223. The banqueting-hall of the Palace of Whitehall (from the north-east); built from the designs of Inigo Jones, 1619-1621 493 (_From a photograph_)
224. Francis Bacon, Viscount St. Alban, Lord Chancellor 495 (_From a painting by P. Van Somer in the National Portrait Gallery_)
225. Costume of a lawyer 497 (_From a broadside dated 1623 in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries_)
226. The Upper House of Convocation 498
227. The Lower House of Convocation 499 (_From a broadside dated 1623, in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries_)
228. King Charles I. 504 (_From a painting by Van Dyck_)
229. Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I. 505 (_From a painting by Van Dyck_)
230. Tents and military equipment in the early part of the reign of Charles I. 507 (_From the monument of Sir Charles Montague (died in 1625), in the church of Barking, Essex_)
231. George Villiers, first duke of Buckingham, 1592-1628 509 (_From the painting by Gerard Honthorst in the National Portrait Gallery_)
232. Sir Edward and Lady Filmer; from their brass at East Sutton, Kent, showing armour and dress worn about 1630 515 (_From Waller's_ 'Monumental Brasses')
233. Archbishop Laud 517 (_From a copy in the National Portrait Gallery by Henry Stone, from the Van Dyck at Lambeth_)
234. Silver-gilt tankard made at London in 1634-5; now belonging to the Corporation of Bristol 518 (_From Cripps's_ 'College and Corporation Plate')
235. The 'Sovereign of the Seas,' built for the Royal Navy in 1637 522 (_From a contemporary engraving by John Payne_)
236. Soldier armed with a pike 527
237. Soldier with musket and crutch 527 (_From a broadside printed about 1630, in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries_)
238-243. Ordinary civil costume, _temp._ Charles I., viz:-- A gentleman and a gentlewoman 550 A citizen and a citizen's wife 551 A countryman and a countrywoman 552 (_From Speed's map of_ 'The Kingdom of England,' 1646)
244. View of the west side of the Banqueting-House, Whitehall, dated 1713, showing the window through which Charles I. is said to have passed to the scaffold 558 (_From an engraving by Terasson_)
245. Execution of King Charles I., January 30, 1649 559 (_From a broadside in the collection of the late Richard Fisher, Esq., F.S.A._)
246. A coach in the middle of the seventeenth century 564 (_From an engraving by John Dunstall_)
247. Oliver Cromwell 567 (_From the painting by Samuel Cooper, at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge_)
248. Charles II. 579 (_From the portrait by Sir Peter Lely in Christ's Hospital, London_)
249. Edward Hyde, first Earl of Clarendon, 1608-1674 581 (_From an engraving by Loggan_)
250. A mounted nobleman and his squire 582 (_From Ogilby's_ 'Coronation Procession of Charles II.')
251. Dress of the Horseguards at the Restoration 583 (_From Ogilby's_ 'Coronation Procession of Charles II.')
252. Yeoman of the Guard 583 (_From Ogilby's_ 'Coronation Procession of Charles II.')
253. Shipping in the Thames, circa 1660 584 (_From Pricke's_ 'South Prospect of London')
254. Old St. Paul's, from the east, showing its condition just before the Great Fire 591 (_From an engraving by Hollar_)
255. John Milton in 1669 597 (_From the engraving by Faithorne_)
256. Temple Bar, London, built by Sir Christopher Wren in 1670 601 (_From a photograph_)
257. Anthony Ashley-Cooper, first Earl of Shaftesbury, 1621-1683 604 (_From the painting by John Greenhill in the National Portrait Gallery_)
258. Ordinary dress of gentlemen in 1675 611 (_From Loggan's_ 'Oxonia Illustrata')
259. Cup presented, 1676, by King Charles II. to the Barber Surgeons' Company 612 (_From Cripps's_ 'College and Corporation Plate')
260. Steeple of the church of St. Mary-le-Bow, London, built by Sir Christopher Wren between 1671 and 1680 614 (_From a photograph_)
261. Dress of ladies of quality 628 (_From Sandford's_ 'Coronation Procession of James II.')
262. Ordinary attire of women of the lower classes 628 (_From Sandford's_ 'Coronation Procession of James II.')
263. Coach of the latter half of the seventeenth century 629 (_From Loggan's_ 'Oxonia Illustrata')
264. Waggon of the second half of the seventeenth century 629 (_From Loggan's_ 'Oxonia Illustrata')
265. Reaping and harvesting in the second half of the seventeenth century 630 (_From Loggan's_ 'Cantabrigia Illustrata')
266. Costume of a gentleman 632 (_From Sandford's_ 'Coronation Procession of James II.')
267. James II. 635 (_From the painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller in 1684-5 in the National Portrait Gallery_)
268. Yeomen of the Guard 636 (_From Sandford's_ 'Coronation Procession of James II.')
269. Dress of a bishop in the second half of the seventeenth century 642 (_From Sandford's_ 'Coronation Procession of James II.')
GENEALOGICAL TABLES
I
_KINGS AND QUEENS OF ENGLAND (AFTER 1541 OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND) FROM HENRY VII. TO ELIZABETH._
HENRY VII. = Elizabeth 1485-1509 | of York _____________________________| | | Arthur = Catharine = HENRY VIII. = (2) Anne Boleyn = (3) Jane Seymour Prince of Aragon | 1509-1547 | | of | | | Wales | | | MARY I. ELIZABETH EDWARD VI. 1553-1559 1558-1603 1547-1553
II
_KINGS OF SCOTLAND AND GREAT BRITAIN, FROM JAMES IV. OF SCOTLAND TO WILLIAM AND MARY._
HENRY VII., king of | England | JAMES IV. = Margaret = Archibald, Earl of king of Scotland | | Angus 1488-1513 | | __________________| | | | JAMES V. = Mary of Guise Margaret Douglas = Matthew Stuart 1513-1542 | | Earl of Lennox | | |__________________________ | | | (1) Francis II. = MARY = (2) Henry Stuart king of France 1542-1567 | (Lord Darnley) | JAMES VI. 1567-1625 king of Great Britain as JAMES I. 1603-1625
III
_KINGS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND FROM JAMES I. TO GEORGE I._
JAMES I. = Anne of Denmark 1603-1625 | | | ____________________________________________ | | | | | | Henry CHARLES I.=Henrietta Elizabeth=Frederick V. Prince of 1625-1649 | Maria of | Elector Wales | France | Palatine | | | |_____________ __________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | CHARLES II.=Catharine Mary=WILLIAM II. (1)Anne Hyde=JAMES II.=(2)Mary| (nominally) of | Prince of |1685-1689| of | 1649-1660 Braganza | Orange | |Modena | (actually) | | | | 1660-1685 | ______________| | | | | | | | | | | | | WILLIAM III. = MARY II. ANNE James | Prince of 1689-1694 1702-1714 (The Old | Orange, Pretender) | king of Great | | Britain and | | Ireland Charles Edward | 1689-1702 (The Young | Pretender) | | ______________________________| | | _______________________________________ | | | | | | Charles Lewis Prince Rupert Sophia Elector Palatine | | GEORGE I. 1714-1727
IV
_GENEALOGY OF THE KINGS OF FRANCE FROM LOUIS XII. TO LOUIS XIV., SHOWING THEIR DESCENT FROM LOUIS IX._
(St.) Louis IX. 1226-1270 | +--------------------------------+ | | Philip III. Robert of Clermont 1270-1285 | | | | Louis I. Duke of +----------------+ Bourbon | | : Philip IV. Charles : 1283-1314 of Valois '............... | | : | | : (For descendants Philip VI. : of 1328-1350 : Philip IV. | : see Part I. | : Table IV.) JOHN : 1350-1364 : | : +-------------+ : | | : CHARLES V. Louis : 1364-1380 Duke of Orleans : | | : | +---------------------+ : | | | : CHARLES VI. Charles John : 1380-1422 Duke of Orleans Count of Angoulême : | | | : | | | : CHARLES VII. LOUIS XII. Charles : 1422-1461 1498-1515 | : | | : | | : LOUIS XI. FRANCIS I. : 1461-1483 1515-1547 : | | : | +---------------------+ : CHARLES VIII. | .....................' 1483-1498 | : | : HENRY II. Antony = Jeanne d'Albret, 1547-1559 | queen of | | Navarre +-------------+-----------+-----+-----+ | | | | | FRANCIS II. CHARLES IX. Francis HENRY III. HENRY IV. 1559-1560 1560-1574 Duke of 1574-1589 1589-1610 Alençon | | Louis XIII. 1610-1643 | | Louis XIV. 1643-1715
V
_GENEALOGY OF THE KINGS OF SPAIN FROM FERDINAND AND ISABELLA TO CHARLES II._
Maximilian I. FERDINAND = ISABELLA Emperor king of Aragon | queen of | 1479-1516 | Castile | ___________________| 1474-1504 | | | PHILIP I. = Juana Catharine = (1) Arthur, Prince of Wales Archduke of | (2) Henry VIII. king of England Austria, | king of | Castile | 1504-1506 |____________________________ | | CHARLES I. Ferdinand I. (the Emperor Charles V.) Emperor king of Castile, 1506-1556, king of Aragon, 1516-1556 | PHILIP II. 1556-1598 | PHILIP III. 1598-1621 | PHILIP IV. 1621-1665 | CHARLES II. 1665-1700
VI
_GENEALOGY OF THE GERMAN BRANCH OF THE HOUSE OF AUSTRIA FROM FERDINAND I. TO LEOPOLD I._
(The dates given are those during which an archduke was emperor.)
FERDINAND I. 1556-1564 |__________________ | | MAXIMILIAN II. Charles 1564-1576 Duke of Styria _______________________| | | | | RUDOLPH II. MATTHIAS FERDINAND II. 1576-1612 1612-1619 1619-1635 | FERDINAND III. 1635-1658 | LEOPOLD I. 1658-1705
VII
_GENEALOGY OF THE PRINCES OF ORANGE FROM WILLIAM I. TO WILLIAM III._
WILLIAM I. (The Silent) 1558-1584 _________________|________________ | | | PHILIP WILLIAM MAURICE FREDERICK HENRY 1584-1618 1618-1625 1625-1647 | WILLIAM II. 1647-1650 | WILLIAM III. 1650-1702
_SHORTER AND SOMETIMES MORE DETAILED GENEALOGIES will be found in the following pages._
PAGE
Genealogy of the Poles 399
" " children of Henry VIII. 411
" " Greys 421
" " last Valois kings of France 433
" " Guises 435
" of Mary and Darnley 438
" of the descendants of Charles I. 609