CHAPTER XXXVI

THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE PROTECTORATE. 1649-1660

1. Establishment of the Commonwealth. 1649 561

2. Parties in Ireland. 1647-1649 562

3. Cromwell in Ireland. 1649-1650 562

4. Montrose and Charles II. in Scotland. 1650 563

5. Dunbar and Worcester. 1650-1651 563

6. The Navigation Act. 1651 564

7. The Dutch War. 1652-1653 565

8. Unpopularity of the Parliament. 1652-1653 565

9. Vane's Reform Bill. 1653 566

10. Dissolution of the Long Parliament by Cromwell. 1653 566

11. The so-called Barebone's Parliament. 1653 566

12. The Protectorate, and the Instrument of Government. 1653 568

13. Character of the Instrument of Government 568

14. Oliver's Government. 1653-1654 569

15. The First Protectorate Parliament. 1654-1655 570

16. The Major Generals. 1655 570

17. Oliver's Foreign Policy. 1654-1655 571

18. The French Alliance. 1655 572

19. Oliver's Second Parliament, and the Humble Petition and Advice. 1656 572

20. The Dissolution of the Second Protectorate Parliament. 1658 573

21. Victory Abroad and Failure at Home. 1657-1658 573

22. Oliver's Death. 1658 574

23. Richard Cromwell. 1658-1659 574

24. The Long Parliament Restored. 1659 575

25. Military Government. 1659 575

26. Monk and the Rump. 1660 575

27. End of the Long Parliament. 1660 576

28. The Declaration of Breda. 1660 576