Part 17

NOTE 9.--THE SWINEHERD'S STORY. _Page_ 119.

This story was afterwards related to Odysseus under very different circumstances. The curious reader is referred to the Odyssey, Book XV., 390-485.

NOTE 10.--PRAYERS. _Page_ 129.

"The gods themselves are placable, though far Above us all in honor and in power And virtue. We propitiate them with vows, Incense, libations, and burnt-offerings, And prayers for those who have offended. Prayers Are daughters of almighty Jupiter,-- Lame, wrinkled, and squint-eyed,--that painfully Follow Misfortune's steps; but strong of limb And swift of foot Misfortune is, and, far Outstripping all, comes first to every land, And there wreaks evil on mankind, which Prayers Do afterwards redress. Whoe'er receives Jove's daughters reverently when they approach, Him willingly they aid, and to his suit They listen. Whosoever puts them by With obstinate denial, they appeal To Jove, the son of Saturn, and entreat That he will cause Misfortune to attend The offender's way in life, that he in turn May suffer evil, and be punished thus." _The Iliad_ (BRYANT'S Translation), IX. 618-636.

A sacrifice to Poseidon similar to that described here is spoken of in the Odyssey, III. 30-60.

NOTE 11.--THE LABORS OF HERACLES. _Page_ 140.

It seems to have been one of the unexplainable decrees of fate that Heracles should serve Eurystheus twelve years, and that at his bidding he should perform the most difficult undertakings. The account of the twelve labors of Heracles, undertaken by command of his master, belongs to a later age than that of Homer, The twelve labors were as follows:--

1. The fight with the Nemean lion. 2. The fight with the Lernaean hydra. 3. Capture of the Arcadian stag. 4. Destruction of the Erymanthian boar. 5. Cleansing the stables of Augeas. 6. Putting to flight the Harpies, or Stymphalian birds. 7. Capture of the Cretan bull. 8. Capture of the mares of Thracian Diomede. 9. Seizure of the girdle of the queen of the Amazons. 10. Capture of the oxen of Geryones. 11. Fetching the golden apples of the Hesperides. 12. Bringing Cerberus from the lower world.

NOTE 12. _Page_ 151.

The description of the palace of Tyndareus given here has many points of resemblance to the description of the palace of Alcinous.--See _Odyssey_, VII. 85.

NOTE 13. THE VENGEANCE OF ODYSSEUS. _Page_ 224.

Palamedes, according to the ancient story, went to Troy with the heroes, where he distinguished himself by his wisdom and courage. But Odysseus, who could never forgive him, caused a captive Phrygian to write to Palamedes a letter in the name of Priam, and bribed a servant of Palamedes to conceal the letter under his master's bed. He then accused Palamedes of treachery. Upon searching the tent, the letter was found, and Palamedes was stoned to death. When Palamedes was led to death, he exclaimed, "Truth, I lament thee, for thou hast died even before me!" There are other stories as to the manner of the death of Palamedes. Some say that Odysseus and Diomede induced him to descend into a well, where they pretended they had discovered a treasure; and when he was below, they cast stones upon him, and killed him. Others state that he was drowned by them while fishing; and others that he was killed by Paris with an arrow.--See _Smith's Classical Dictionary_.

NOTE 14.--THE GARDEN OF LYCOMEDES. _Page_ 230.

The curious reader may find in the description of the garden of Alcinous (Odyssey, VII. 85, _et seq._) some resemblance to the description here given of the garden of Lycomedes.

NOTE 15.--THE CASKETS OF ZEUS. _Page_ 233.

"Beside Jove's threshold stand Two casks of gifts for man. One cask contains The evil, one the good; and he to whom The Thunderer gives them mingled sometimes falls Into misfortune, and is sometimes crowned With blessings. But the man to whom he gives The evil only stands a mark exposed To wring, and, chased by grim calamity, Wanders the teeming earth, alike unloved By gods and men."--_The Iliad_, XXIV. 663-672,

NOTE 16.--DEATH OF AJAX. _Page_ 258.

"The soul of Ajax, son of Telawon, alone stood apart, being still angry for the victory wherein I prevailed against him, in the suit by the ships concerning the arms of Achilles that his lady mother had set for a prize; and the sons of the Trojans made award and Pallas Athene. Would that I had never prevailed and won such a prize!"--_Odyssey_, XI. 544-548.

*INDEX TO PROPER NAMES.*

[_The figures in parentheses indicate the page or pages on which the name receives fullest mention._]

Acarnania (3, 72), the most western province of Hellas.

Acastus (92), son of Pelias, king of Iolcos; he was slain by Peleus.

Achaia (5), the northern coast of Peloponnesus.

Achilles (91, 109, 225-236, 246, 255), son of Peleus and the sea-nymph Thetis. The chief hero among the Hellenes.

Actaeon (87), a celebrated huntsman. He was changed by Artemis into a stag, and torn to pieces by his own dogs.

Admetus (90, 166), king of Pherze in Thessaly.

AEson (80), son of Cretheus, and father of Jason. He was excluded from the kingship of Iolcos by his half-brother Pelias.

AEtolia (5), a country north of the Corinthian Gulf (Bay of Crissa), and east of Acarnania.

Agamemnon (150, 233, 238, 251), king of Mycenae, and commander-in-chief of the Hellenic forces in the war against Troy.

Ajax Telamon, sometimes called the greater Ajax (150, 234, 257), son of Telamon, king of Salamis. He was a nephew of Peleus, and hence a cousin of Achilles.

Ajax Oileus, sometimes called the lesser Ajax (151, 234), son of Oileus, king of the Locrians.

Alcestis (166), daughter of Pelias, and wife of Admetus.

Alpheus (132), a river which flows through Arcadia and Elis.

Althea (65), the mother of Meleager.

Amphithea (53), grandmother of Odysseus.

Amphitryon (55), the stepfather of Heracles.

Anticleia (2, 219), daughter of Autolycus, and mother of Odysseus.

Antilochus (131, 151), son of Nestor.

Aphareus (125, 187), founder of the town of Arene in Messene, and father of Idas and Lynceus.

Aphrodite (99-110, 160), goddess of love and beauty.

Apollo (37-46, 189, 208), son of Zeus and Leto. He was the god of prophecy and of music and song, the punisher of evil, and the helper of men.

Arcadia (5, 132), a country in the middle of the Peloponnesus.

Ares (223), the god of war. _Mars_.

Arethusa (133), a sea-nymph.

Argo (2, 89), the ship upon which Jason and his companions sailed to Colchis.

Argolis, see Argos.

Argonauts (2, 67), "the sailors of the Argo."

Argos (2, 5), a name frequently applied by Homer to the whole of the Peloponnesus. A district north of Laconia, often called Argolis.

Argus (196), a monster having a hundred eyes, appointed by Here to be the guardian of Io.

Artemis (134, 239), daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin-sister of Apollo. She was the goddess of the chase, and the protectress of the young and helpless. _Diana_.

Asclepius (87-90), son of Apollo, and god of the healing art. _AEsculapius_.

Atalanta (68, 162), daughter of Iasus and Clymene; the fleet-footed wife of Milanion.

Athene (10, 14,99-105) goddess of wisdom, and "queen of the air;" often called Pallas Athene. _Minerva_.

Atropos (66, 98), one of the Fates.

Aulis (233, 239-251), a harbor in Boeotia, on the Euripus.

Autolycus (48), the grandfather of Odysseus.

Balios and Xanthos (97), the horses of Peleus.

Boeotia, a district north of the Corinthian Gulf, bounded on the east by the Euripus, and on the west by Phocis.

Bosphorus (197), the "ox ford," the strait connecting the Sea of Marmora with the Black (Euxine) Sea.

Cadmus (217), a Phoenician who settled in Hellas, and founded the city of Thebes. He is said to have brought the alphabet from Phoenicia.

Calchas (225, 241-252), the wisest soothsayer among the Hellenes. He died of grief because the soothsayer Mopsus predicted things which he had not foreseen.

Cal{~CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT U U+045e~}don (66-76), an ancient town and district of AEtolia, on the Evenus River.

Castor (56, 68, 146, 185), twin-brother of Polydeuces.

Centaurs (84-86), an ancient race inhabiting Mount Pelion and the neighboring districts of Thessaly.

Cephallenia (183), a large island near Ithaca.

Charybdis (155), a dreadful whirlpool on the side of a narrow strait opposite Scylla.

Cheiron (58, 78, 170), a Centaur, "the wisest of men," and the teacher of the heroes.

Chryse (252), an island in the AEgaean Sea; also a city on the coast of Asia Minor, south of Troy.

Circe (270), daughter of Helios, a sorceress who lived in the island of AEaea.

Cleopatra (67-76), wife of Meleager.

Clotho (66, 98), one of the Fates.

Clytemnestra (152, 242-252), daughter of Tyndareus and Leda, and sister of Castor and Polydeuces and Helen. She was married to Agamemnon, and became the mother of Iphigenia and Orestes.

Colchis (2, 87-89), a country of Asia, at the eastern extremity of the Black Sea.

Copais (40), a lake in Boeotia.

Corinth (5, 49, no), a city on the isthmus between the Corinthian Gulf and the AEgaean Sea.

Corycia (51), a nymph who lived on Mount Parnassus.

Crissa (5, 29), the ancient name of the Gulf of Corinth; also, the name of a town in Phocis.

Cronus (11,182), the youngest of the Titans, and the father of Zeus. _Saturn_.

Cythera (165), an island off the south-western point of Laconia.

Deianeira (142, 171-181), wife of Heracles.

Delos (38), the smallest of the Cyclades islands in the AEgaean Sea.

Delphi (5, 30-45), a town on the southern slope of Mount Parnassus.

Deucalion (200), son of Prometheus, and father of Hellen.

Diomede (151, 235), son of Tydeus, and king of Argos.

Dodona (171, 225), an ancient oracle of Hellas, situated in Epirus in a grove of oaks and beeches.

Echion (61, 76), son of Autolycus.

Elis (125), a country on the western coast of the Peloponnesus, south of Achala.

Epaphos (16, 198), son of Zeus and Io.

Eris (98), the goddess of discord.

Erymanthus (139), a mountain in Arcadia.

Euboea, the largest island of the AEgaean Sea, separated from Boeotia by the Euripus.

Eumaeus (114-119), the swineherd of Ithaca.

Euripus (233), the narrow strait between Euboea and Boeotia.

Eurycleia (12), the nurse of Odysseus and of Telemachus.

Eurystheus (138), the master of Heracles, king of Argolis.

Eurytion (71, 92), king of Phthia.

Eurytion (85), a Centaur.

Eurytus (55, 136-144), king of OEchalia.

Evenus (176), a river in AEtolia.

Gan{~CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT U U+045e~}medes (208), the most beautiful of mortals, son of Tros.

Glaucus (25), a fisherman who became immortal by eating of the divine herb which Cronus had sown.

Gorgons (27), three daughters of Phorcys and Ceto.

Gray Sisters (26), daughters of Phorcys.

Hades (89, 170), the god of the lower regions. _Pluto_.

Hebe (98), the goddess of youth.

Hector (101, 255), son of Priam; the chief hero of the Trojans.

Helen (145-162, 216, 267), daughter of Tyndareus and Leda of Lacedaemon, represented in mythology as the daughter of Zeus and Leda. "The most beautiful woman in the world."

Helenus (258), son of Priam, soothsayer of the Trojans.

Helios (5, 15-19), the god of the sun. _Sol_.

Hellas, the name which the Greeks applied to their country. _Greece_.

Hellen (203), son of Deucalion and Pyrrha, and ancestor of all the Hellenes.

Hephaestus (90, 160, 193), the god of fire. _Vulcan_.

Here (99-105), the wife of Zeus. _Juno_.

Heracles (55, 87-90, 138-144, 169-181, 211-214), the most celebrated of all the old heroes. _Hercules_.

Hermes (100-104, 196), the herald of the gods, son of Zeus and Maia. _Mercury_.

Hesione (210-213), the sister of Priam

Hesperia (19), "the western land."

Hesperides (5, 27, 139), guardians of the golden apples which Earth gave to Here on her marriage day--said by some to be the daugters of Phorcys and Ceto.

Hippodameia (84, 167) wife of Peirithous.

Hyllus (176), son of Heracles.

Hyperboreans (6, 39), a people living in the far North.

Iasus (163), an Arcadian, father of Atalanta.

Icarius (155, 162), brother of Tyndareus, and father of Penelope.

Ida (102-109, 208), a mountain-range of Mysia in Asia Minor, east of Troy.

Idas (67, 185), "the boaster," son of Aphareus, and father of Cleopatra.

Idomeneus (151, 215, 235), king of Crete.

Ilios (206-214, 253), a name applied to the district in which Troy was situated. _Ilium_.

Ilus (208), son of Dardanus.

Inachus (196), the first king of Argos.

Io (196-199), daughter of Inachus, and mother of Epaphos from whom was descended Heracles.

Iolcos (77-110), an ancient town of Thessaly at the head of the Pegasaean Gulf.

Iole (138-144, 173-181), daughter of Eurytus of OEchalia, beloved by Heracles.

Iphigenia (242-252), daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra.

Iphitus (136-153, 172), son of Eurytus, one of the Argonauts.

Ithaca (1, 113), a small island in the Ionian Sea, the birthplace of Odysseus.

Jason (2, 68, 87), leader of the Argonauts.

Lacedaemon (5, 145-169, 189-204), a district of Laconia in which was situated Sparta. The name is also applied to the town of Sparta.

Lachesis (66), one of the Fates.

Laconia (5, 145), a country in the south-east of Peloponnesus.

Laertes (2, 182), king of Ithaca, father of Odysseus.

Laodamia (254), daughter of Acastus, and wife of Protesilaus.

Laomedon (208-314), king of Troy, father of Priam.

Lapiths (84), a people inhabiting the country adjoining Mount Pelion in Thessaly.

Leda (146), wife of Tyndareus of Lacedaemon.

Lemnos (253, 260), an island in the AEgaean Sea.

Lichas (174-179), the herald of Heracles.

Linus (56), a musician, brother of Orpheus.

Lycomedes (228), king of Scyros.

Lydia (173), a district of Asia Minor.

Lynceus (185), son of Aphareus, brother of Idas.

Machaon (151, 262), son of Asclepius, the surgeon of the Greeks in the Trojan war.

Medea (89), daughter of AEetes, king of Colchis, celebrated for her skill in magic.

Medusa (27), one of the Gorgons.

Meleager (66-76), son of Oineus and Althea, husband of Cleopatra.

Menelaus (150, 234), brother of Agamemnon, and husband of Helen.

Messene (120), a country in the south-western part of the Peloponnesus.

Milanion (163), the husband of Atalanta.

Mycenae (150), an ancient town in Argolis.

Mysia (239), a country in Asia Minor.

Nedon (131), a river of Messene.

Neleus (125, 173), son of Poseidon and Tyro, brother of Pelias, and father of Nestor.

Nessus (176), a Centaur, ferryman at the River Evenus.

Nestor (125, 235), king of Pylos, son of Neleus.

Nireus (151, 160, 235), one of the heroes of the Trojan war.

Oceanus (194), god of the Ocean.

Odysseus, the hero of this story, son of Laertes, husband of Penelope. _Ulysses_.

OEchalia (138, 174), a town supposed to be somewhere in Euboea.

OEnone (103, 263), daughter of the river-god Cebren, and wife of Paris.

OEta (171, 180), a rugged pile of mountains in the south of Thessaly.

Oineus (65), king of Pleuron and Calydon.

Olympus (5, 79), a mountain in Thessaly, on the summit of which Zeus held his court.

Omphale (173), a queen of Lydia.

Orestes (244), son of Agamemnon.

Orpheus (248), the greatest of the old musicians.

Orsilochus (129, 134), son of Alpheus, king of Messene.

Ortygia (134), an island near the coast of Sicily.

Palamedes (166, 217-224), son of Nauplius, king of Euboea.

Pallas Athene, see Athene.

Paris (101-110, 204-216), son of Priam of Troy.

Parnassus (5, 30-36, 201), a mountain, or group of mountains, a few miles north of the Corinthian Gulf.

Patroclus (227, 234), the friend of Achilles.

Peirithous (84, 167), king of the Lapiths, son of Ixion and Dia.

Peleus (71, 91-100, 227), son of AEcus and Endeis the daughter of Cheiron.

Pelias (80, 125), son of Poseidon and Tyro, and brother of Neleus. He made himself king of Iolcos, by excluding his half-brother AEson from the throne.

Pelion (79-110), a lofty mountain in Thessaly not far from Iolcos.

Peloponnesus, all that part of Hellas south of the Corinthian Gulf (Bay of Crissa).

Penelope (152, 162-168), daughter of Icarius, cousin of Helen, and wife of Odysseus.

Perseus (27), one of the older heroes, son of Zeus and Danae.

Phaeethon (15-19), son of Helios and Clymene.

Phemius (3, 14), a celebrated minstrel.

Pherae, or Pharae (130-144), an ancient town in Messene on the river Nedon. Also (90), a town in Thessaly of which Admetus was king.

Philoctetes (159, 180, 252, 260-263), a friend of Heracles, and the most celebrated archer in the Trojan war.

Phorcys (20-27), "the old man of the sea."

Phthia (92), a district in the south-east of Thessaly.

Polydeuces (146, 185), brother of Castor and Helen. _Pollux_.

Poseidon (22-27, 208), the god of the sea. _Neptune_.

Priam (101, 207-214), the last king of Troy, son of Laomedon, and father of Hector and Paris.

Prometheus (191-203), a Titan, son of Iapetus, the friend of man.

Protesilaus (254), a hero from Phylace in Thessaly.

Proteus (23), the prophetic shepherd of the sea.

Pylos (125-131), a town on the south-west coast of Messene.

Pyrrha (201), the wife of Deucalion.

Pyrrhus (259-262), the son of Achilles, also called Neoptolemus.

Pythia (34), a name applied to the priestess of Apollo at Delphi.

Rhadamanthus (6, 56), son of Zeus and Europa, and judge and ruler in the Islands of the Blest.

Scandia (164), a harbor in Cythera.

Scylla (155), a monster with six heads, which guarded one side of a narrow strait.

Scyros (228, 259), a small island east of Euboea.

Sinon (265), a grandson of Autolycus, and cousin of Odysseus.

Sisyphus (49), son of AElus. He is said to have built the town of Ephyra, afterward Corinth.

Sparta, see Lacedaemon.

Stymphalus (139), a town in the north-east of Arcadia.

Syma (151), a small island off the south-western coast of Caria in Asia Minor.

Syria, or Syra (115), one of the Cyclades islands.

Talthybius (250), the herald of Agamemnon.

Taygetes (149, 185), a lofty range of mountains between Laconia and Messene.

Telamon (214), son of AEacus and Endeis, and brother of Peleus, king of Salamis. He was the father of Ajax by Periboea, his second wife; after the death of Periboea, he married Hesione, the sister of Priam.

Telemachus (219), the son of Odysseus and Penelope.

Telephus (239, 241, 252), son of Heracles and Auge, and king of Mysia.

Theseus (147), the great hero of Attica, and king of Athens

Thessaly, the largest division of Hellas.

Thetis (95), a sea-nymph, wife of Peleus, and mother of Achilles.

Tilphussa (40), a nymph dwelling at Lake Copais.

Tiryns (143), a city in Argolis, not far from Mycenae.

Trachis (143, 171), a town of Thessaly.

Trophonius (41), one of the architects of the temple at Delphi.

Tyndareus (146-169, 184-188), king of Lacedaemon.

Zacynthus (183), an island west of Messene.

Zeus (182, 191), son of Cronus, "the ruler of gods and men." _Jupiter_.