A Short History of Christianity Second Edition, Revised, With Additions

§ 1. Documentary Clues 1 § 2. The Earliest Christian Sects 5 § 3. Personality of the Nominal Founder 10 § 4. Myth of the Twelve Apostles 16 § 5. Primary Forms of the Cult 20 § 6...

§ 1. Numbers and Inner Life 81 § 2. Growth of the Priesthood 87 § 3. The Gnostic Movement in the Second Century 91 § 4. Marcionism and Montanism 97 § 5. Rites and Ceremonies 101...

An attempt to write the history of Christianity in the space of an average novel is so obviously open to objections that, instead of trying to parry them, I will merely state wh...

In the ancient history of religions, as in the ancient history of nations, the first account given of origins is almost always a myth. A divine or worshipful founder is craved b...

The artificial organism which we have seen beginning to take shape is to be conceived, like organisms properly so called, as depending on and adjusting itself to its environment...

Overshadowed among the Jews by the common traditions of Judaism, and faced among the Gentiles by such competition as we have seen, the Christian cult had to acquire all the chie...

When the "Catholic" Christian Church becomes politically and socially distinguishable in the second century, it is a much less numerous body than is pretended in the literature...

It was involved in the aggressive attitude of the Christist movement that it should be persecuted by a partly countervailing fanaticism. The original bias of all ancient religio...

Theodosius was the last ruler of the empire proper who was capable of leading his army; and from his death onwards the fall of the western section proceeded at headlong rate. Hi...

When the swift triumph of Islam had cut off from Christendom the populations among whom its creed had been evolved, that creed ruled in the Byzantine State; in Italy, still half...

By the seventh century all that idolatry had meant for the early Christists was reproduced within the Christian Church in East and West. There was nothing, to begin with, in the...

In a world so completely under priestly rule, the character of the priest was in general the image of his influence. Whatever good organized Christianity did was in virtue of th...

In judging of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages, account must always be taken of the fact that their earlier literature is mainly religious and ecclesiastical, and that s...

The history of Christian Byzantium, from the rise of Islam to the fall of Constantinople, is the typical instance of mental stagnation. During a period of eight hundred years, e...

As early as the eleventh century we have seen at work in both eastern and western Europe movements of popular resistance at once to the religious claims and the financial method...

It was primarily the growth of physical science, from the middle of the sixteenth century, that gave solidity and permanence to the new movements of rationalistic revolt aroused...

All through the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and till near the end of the eighteenth, the masses of Europe remained attached to their respective Churches in despite of t...

It is a deeply significant fact that in recent times the defence of Christianity takes much more often the form of a claim that it is socially useful than that of an attempt to...

A good introduction to the rational discussion of the whole problem of origins is furnished in Radical Views about the New Testament, by Dr. G. A. van den Bergh van Eysinga, tra...

vi, and vii. For the social bearing of ancient religion consult Fustel de Coulanges, La Cité Antique; Boissier, La Religion romaine d'Auguste aux Antonins (2 tom. 4e édit. 1892)...

See the references to ch. ii. § 5, concerning the prevalent moral ideas. As to the Montanists and other ascetic and antinomian sects see Baur, Church History, Eng. tr. vol. i, P...

Gibbon's fifteenth chapter is still valuable here. Compare Hatch, Organization; Renan, Saint Paul, concluding chapter; and the church historians generally. As to Britain, see Wr...

Consult Gibbon, ch. xvi; Niebuhr, Lectures on Roman History, Eng. tr. Lect. cxli; and Boissier, La Fin du Paganisme (2e édit. 1894), tom. i, Appendice, for critical views, as di...

The narrative may be checked throughout by Neander's General History of the Christian Religion and Church (trans. in Bohn Lib.); by Mosheim, with the variorum notes of Reid's ed...

Hatch (Organization) is still a guide. For special details consult Smith's Dictionary of Christian Antiquities. Bede's Ecclesiastical History gives some specific ideas as to the...

Consult the ecclesiastical historians already cited, and compare R. L. Poole, Illustrations of the History of Medieval Thought (1884), as to Agobard and Claudius. For the specia...

Of the historians cited in the last chapter, most are serviceable here. Consult in addition Lea's Superstition and Force (3rd ed. 1878), Berington's Literary History of the Midd...

Again the same general authorities may be referred to, in particular Lea's History of the Inquisition; also White's History of the Warfare of Science with Theology (two vols. 18...

Finlay's History of Greece and Professor Bury's History of the later Roman Empire and History of the Eastern Roman Empire, 802-867 (1912) are the main authorities in English apa...

In addition to Neander, Mosheim, Milman's History of Latin Christianity, and Hardwick's Church History: The Reformation (rep. 1886), consult Ullmann's Reformers before the Refor...

As to the physical sciences, compare White, Baden Powell, Whewell, and Draper, as above cited; also Draper's Conflict between Religion and Science (Internat. Lib. of Science); a...

For the history of Catholicism since the seventeenth century consult Mosheim and Neander, also the History of the Fall of the Jesuits, by Count A. de Saint-Priest (Eng. tr. 1845...