Chapter 16

[80:2] _Patr. Apost._ ed. 4th, 1855. In a review of Denzinger's work in the _Theolog. Quartalschrift_, 1849, p. 683 ff., Hefele devotes eight lines to the Armenian version (p. 685 f.)

[80:3] _Hippolytus_, 1852, i. p. 60, note. Cf. iv. p. vi ff.

[81:1] _S.R._ i. p. 264.

[81:2] _Contemporary Review_, February 1875, p. 347 [_ibid._ p. 72].

[82:1] _Contemporary Review_, February 1875, p. 348 [_ibid._ p. 74].

[82:2] _S.R._ i. p. 265.

[83:1] _Contemporary Review_, February 1875, p. 347 [_ibid._ p. 72 f.] Dr. Lightfoot makes the following important admission in a note: "The Roman Epistle indeed has been separated from its companions, and is embedded in the Martyrology which stands at the end of this collection in the Latin Version, where doubtless it stood also in the Greek, before the MS. of this latter was mutilated. Otherwise the Vossian Epistles come together, and _are followed_ by the confessedly spurious Epistles in the Greek and Latin MSS. In the Armenian all the Vossian Epistles are together, and the confessedly spurious Epistles follow. See Zahn, _Ignatius von Antiochien_, p. 111."

[83:2] Note to Horne's _Int. to the Holy Scriptures_, 12th ed. 1869, iv. p. 332, note 1. The italics are in the original.

[83:3] _The Ancient Syrian Version_, &c. 1845, p. xxiv f.

[84:1] _Corpus Ignat._ p. 338.

[84:2] _Ibid._ p. ii.

[84:3] Dressel, _Patr. Ap._ p. lvi.

[84:4] Cureton, _Corp. Ign._ p. iii.

[84:5] Dressel, _Patr. Ap._ p. lvii f.

[84:6] Cureton, _Corp. Ignat._ p. vii f.

[84:7] _Ibid._ p. xi; Dressel, _Patr. Ap._ p. xxxi; cf. p. lxii; Jacobson, _Patr. Ap._ i. p. lxxiii; Vossius, _Ep. gen. S. Ign. Mart._, Amstel. 1646.

[84:8] Dressel, _Patr. Ap._ p. lxi.

[86:1] "A Few Words on 'Supernatural Religion,'" pref. to _Hist. of the Canon_, 4th ed. 1874, p. xix.

[87:1] "A Few Words on 'S.R.,'" preface to _Hist. of Canon_, 4th ed. p. xix f.

[87:2] _S.R._ i. p. 268.

[88:1] _On the Canon_, Preface, 4th ed. p. xx.

[89:1] These consist only of an additional page of Baur's work first quoted, and a reference to another of his works quoted in the second note, but accidentally left out of note 3.

[90:1] I take the liberty of putting these words in italics to call attention to the assertion opposed to what I find in the note.

[91:1] It is the same work, I believe, subsequently published in an extended form. The work I quote is entitled _Kirchengeschichte der ersten sechs Jahrhunderte_, dritte, umgearbeitete Auflage, 1869, and is part of a course of lectures carrying the history to the nineteenth century.

[92:1] I do not know why Dr. Westcott adds the 'ff' to my reference, but I presume it is taken from note 4, where the reference is given to 'p. 52 ff.' This shows how completely he has failed to see the different object of the two notes.

[93:1] _On the Canon_, Pref. 4th ed. p. xxi f.

[97:1] P. 213.

[98:1] _On the Canon_, Preface, 4th ed. p. xxiv. Dr. Westcott adds, in a note, "It may be worth while to add that in spite of the profuse display of learning in connection with Ignatius, I do not see even in the second edition any reference to the full and elaborate work of Zahn." I might reply to this that my MS. had left my hands before Zahn's work had reached England, but, moreover, the work contains nothing new to which reference was necessary.

[99:1] _On the Canon_, Preface, 4th ed. p xxv.

[100:1] Ruinart, _Acta Mart._ p. 137 ff.; cf. Baronius, _Mart. Rom._ 1631, p. 152.

[100:2] Cf. Lardner, _Credibility_, &c., _Works_, iii. p. 3.

[101:1] _Contemporary Review_, February 1875, p. 349 [_ibid._ p. 75].

[101:2] _Ibid._ p. 350 [_ibid._ p. 76].

[102:1] There are grave reasons for considering it altogether inauthentic. Cf. Cotterill, _Peregrinus Proteus_, 1879.

[102:2] _De Morte Peregr._ 11.

[102:3] _Ibid._ 14.

[102:4] _Gesch. chr. Kirche_, i. p. 410 f.

[103:1] See, for instance, Denzinger, _Ueber die Aechtheit d. bish. Textes d. Ignat. Briefe_, 1849, p. 87 ff.; Zahn, _Ignatius v. Ant._, 1873, p. 517 ff.

[103:2] _Contemporary Review_, February 1875, p. 350 f. [_ibid._ p. 77].

[104:1] _S.R._ i. p. 268, note 4.

[105:1] Dean Milman says: "Trajan, indeed, is absolved, at least by the almost general voice of antiquity, from the crime of persecuting the Christians." In a note he adds: "Excepting of Ignatius, probably of Simeon of Jerusalem, there is no authentic martyrdom in the reign of Trajan."--_Hist. of Christianity_, 1867, ii. p. 103.

[106:1] _K.G._ 1842, i. p. 171.

[106:2] _Ibid._ i. p. 172, Anm.

[108:1] _Hist. of Christianity_, ii. p. 101 f.

[109:1] P. 276 (ed. Bonn). _Contemporary Review_, February 1875, p. 352 [_ibid._ p. 79].

[109:2] _Ibid._ p. 353 f. [_ibid._ p. 80].

[109:3] _Ibid._ p. 352 [_ibid._ p. 79 f.].

[110:1] _Contemporary Review_, February 1875, p. 353 f. [_ibid._ p. 81].

[110:2] _Ignatius v. Ant._ p. 66, Anm. 3.

[111:1] I need not refer to the statement of Nicephorus that these relics were first brought from Rome to Constantinople and afterwards translated to Antioch.

[112:1] Ruinart, _Acta Mart._ pp. 59, 69.

[112:2] _Ignatius v. Ant._ p, 68.

[112:3] Ruinart, _Acta Mart._ p. 56. Baronius makes the anniversary of the martyrdom 1st February, and that of the translation 17th December. (_Mart. Rom._ pp. 87, 766 ff.)

[112:4] _Ignatius v. Ant._ p. 27, p. 68, Anm. 2.

[112:5] There is no sufficient evidence for the statement that, in Chrysostom's time, the day dedicated to Ignatius was in June. The mere allusion, in a Homily delivered in honour of Ignatius, that "recently" the feast of St. Pelagia (in the Latin Calendar 9th June) had been celebrated, by no means justifies such a conclusion, and there is nothing else to establish it.

[114:1] _St. Paul's Ep. to the Philippians_, 3rd ed. 1873, p. 232, note. Cf. _Contemporary Review_, February 1875, p. 358 f. (_Ibid._ p. 88)

[116:1] Complete ed. i. p. 277 f. All the references which I give in these essays must be understood as being to the complete edition.

[117:1] i. p. 443 ff.

[117:2] [PG Transcriber's note: probably a misprint for "lost work"]

[118:1] This rendering is quoted from Dr. Lightfoot's _Essays_, p. 163.

[119:1] _Essays_, p. 167 f.

[120:1] _Essays_, p. 170.

[121:1] _Ibid._ p. 169.

[122:1] _Essays_, p. 170.

[122:2] _Ibid._ p. 170.

[122:3] _Ibid._ p. 170.

[123:1] _Ibid._ p. 152.

[124:1] Vol. i. p. 463 f.

[124:2] _Ibid._ p. 171.

[124:3] _Ibid._ p. 172 f.

[124:4] i. p. 463 f.

[125:1] _Ibid._ p. 173.

[125:2] i. 236 ff.

[125:3] Note.

[125:4] Note.

[126:1] _Clem. Rom._ § 53, § 45; ibid. 173 f.

[130:1] I. p. 210 f.

[132:1] I. p. 213 ff. I have italicised a few phrases.

[133:1] _S.R._ i. 259 ff. See further illustrations here.

[134:1] _S.R._ i. p. 363 f.

[135:1] _S.R._ ii. p. 221, n. 7.

[135:2] _Ibid._ p. 220.

[135:3] _Ibid._ ii. p. 169 f.

[136:1] _S.R._ ii. p. 226.

[136:2] In discussing the authenticity of fragments ascribed to Melito, Dr. Lightfoot quoted, as an argument from _Supernatural Religion_ the following words: "They have, in fact, no attestation whatever except that of the Syriac translation, which is unknown and which, therefore, is worthless." The passage appeared thus in the _Contemporary Review_, and now is again given in the same form in the present volume. I presume that the passage which Dr. Lightfoot intends to quote is: "They have no attestation whatever, except that of the Syriac translator, who is unknown, and which is, therefore, worthless" (_S.R._ ii. p. 181). If Dr. Lightfoot, who has so much assistance in preparing his works for the press, can commit such mistakes, he ought to be a little more charitable to those who have none.

[137:1] _S.R._ ii. p. 182 ff.

[137:2] _Ibid._ p. 239.

[137:3] _Ibid._ p. 248.

[140:1] _S.R._ ii. p. 198 ff., iii. 24 ff.

[140:2] _Ibid._ 255.

[141:1] _S.R._ ii. p. 200.

[142:1] _S.R._ ii. p. 200 f.

[143:1] _S.R._ iii. p. 257

[143:2] _Ibid._ p. 25 f.

[144:1] _Ibid._, p. 259.

[145:1] II. pp. 144 ff., 372 ff.

[146:1] Euseb. _H.E._ iv. 29. (_Ibid._ p. 227 f.)

[146:2] I need not quote the references which Dr. Lightfoot gives in a note.

[146:3] _Ibid._ p. 278.

[147:1] _Unters. N.T. Kanons_, 1881, p. 15 f.

[147:2] _On the Canon_, 1875, p. 318, n. 3. Cf. 1881, p. 322, n. 3.

[147:3] _The Diatessaron of Tatian_, 1888, p. xiv.

[147:4] _Ibid._ p. 279.

[148:1] Dr. Lightfoot's rendering, p, 280. Assem. _Bibl. Orient._ ii. p. 159 sq.

[148:2] _Ibid._ p. 280 f.

[149:1] _The Diatessaron of Tatian_, p. xxx.

[149:2] Euseb. _Op._ iv. p. 1276 (ed. Migne.) The translation is by Dr. Lightfoot (_l.c._ p. 281, n. 1).

[150:1] Zahn, _Tatian's Diatessaron_, 1881, p. 70 f.

[150:2] _Hist. Chr. Lit. and Doctr._ iii. p. 26.

[150:3] Moesinger, _Evang. Concor. Expositio_, 1876, p. x f.

[150:4] _Ibid._ p. xi.

[152:1] Zahn, _l.c._ p. 38.

[153:1] _Ibid._ p. 286.

[153:2] _Ibid._ p. 288. The italics are mine.

[153:3] Hemphill, _The Diatessaron of Tatian_, p. xxiv.

[154:1] I have already referred to this document further back, p. 136.

[156:1] Lightfoot, _Apostolic Fathers_, part ii. 1885, p. 598 ff.

[168:1] By recent returns the number of the professors of different religions is estimated as follows:

Parsees 150,000 Sikhs 1,200,000 Jews 7,000,000, being about ½ per cent. of the whole. Greek Catholics 75,000,000 " 6 " " Roman Catholics 152,000,000 " 12 " " Other Christians 100,000,000 " 8 " " Hindus 160,000,000 " 13 " " Muhammedans 155,000,000 " 12½ " " Buddhists 500,000,000 " 40 " " Not included in the above 100,000,000 " 8 " " ----------- 1,250,350,000

We have taken these statistics, which are approximately correct, from an excellent little work recently published by the Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge--_Buddhism_, by T.W. Rhys Davids, p. 6.

INDEX.

Acts of the Apostles, evidence for, 142 f., 164 Addai, Doctrine of, 147 Ammonius, _Diatessaron_ of, 148 Anger, 5 Antioch, earthquake at, in A.D. 115, 107 f. Aphthonius; see Elias of Salamia Apocalypse, allusion to Paul in, 26, n. 2; language of, 27 ff. Apollinaris, Claudius; date, 137; evidence for Gospels, 137 Aristion, 55 Ascension, evidence for, 165 Aubertin, 65, 66 Aucher, 145

Baronius, 112 n. 3 Bar-Salibi, Dionysius, 147 f. Basnage, 65, 66 Baumgarten-Crusius, 70, 72 Baur, does not allude to Armenian version of Ignatian Epistles, 79; date of martyrdom of Ignatius, 89 f.; place of his martyrdom, 95 ff.; on Peregrinus Proteus, 102 Beausobre, 70, 71 Bleek, 7, 32, 60, 62, 68, 74, 80, 90, 93 Blondel, 65, 66 Bochart, 65, 66 Böhringer, 59, 62, 63, 80 Bunsen, 32, 62, 63, 79

Calvin, 64 Campianus, 64 Casaubon, 65, 67 Celsus, Origen on, 10 ff., 146 Centuriators, Magdeburg, 64 Chemnitz, 62, 64, 65 Christianity, claim to be Divine Revelation, not original, 166 f.; history and achievements opposed to this claim, 167 f.; census of religions, 168 n. 1; transformation of, 169 f. Chrysostom, 108, 110, 111 f. Ciasca, alleged Arabic version of Tatian's _Diatessaron_, 145, 150 f. Clement of Alexandria, on Basilides, 18 f. Cleophas, 52 Cook, 65, 66 Criticism, attitude towards, 1 Cureton, 62, 63, 65, 68 ff., 79, 83 f. Curetonian version of Ignatian Epistles, 59 ff., 67 ff., 74 ff., 80 f.

Dallaeus, 62 Davidson, Dr., on passage of Irenaeus, 6; date of martyrdom of Ignatius, 91; place of the martyrdom, 96 Delitzsch, 30, 31, 32 Denzinger, 78, 79, 80 n. 2, 103 n. 1 Diatessaron of Ammonius, 148 ff., 152 ff. Diatessaron of Elias of Salamia, 148 ff. Diatessaron of Tatian, 145 ff.; alleged Armenian version of Ephraem's commentary on it, 145 f.; Latin translation by Aucher and Moesinger, 145 f.; Arabic version of, translated by Ciasca, 145 f.; Eusebius on it, 146 f.; did Eusebius directly know it? 146 f.; Bar-Salibi on it, 147 f.; Theodoret suppresses it, 149 f.; the genealogies of Jesus said to be excised, 149 f.; not all suppressed in Armenian and Arabic works, 150; called 'Gospel according to the Hebrews,' 150; Epiphanius had not seen it, 150; we could not identify it, 150; Arabic version of Ciasca, 150 f.; said to be translated from Syriac, 151; its date, 151; ascribed in notes to Tatian, 151; original language of Tatian's _Diatessaron_, 151 f.; Gospel texts in alleged versions affected by repeated translation, 151 f.; name of Tatian not on original work, 152; could it be identified? 152 ff.; case of Victor of Capua, 152 ff.; was he mistaken? 153 f.; Dr. Wace says: No, 153; value of evidence if alleged versions be genuine, 154 Dionysius of Corinth, 56 Doctrine of Addai, 147 Donaldson, Dr., on Epistle of Polycarp, 21; on Tatian's _Diatessaron_, 150 Dorner, 4 Dressel, 79

Ebrard, 7 Elias of Salamia, his _Diatessaron_, 147 f.; he finds fault with Canons of Eusebius, 148 Ephraem Syrus, his Commentary on Tatian's _Diatessaron_, 147 f.; date, 148; alleged Armenian version of his Commentary, 145; date of the MS., 150; translated from Syriac, 150; evidence, 150 f.; Tatian's name not mentioned, 150; value as evidence if genuine, 154 Epiphanius, 150 Eusebius, on Papias, 7; silence of, 45 f.; my only inference from silence of, 50 f.; procedure of, 50 f.; his references to Hegesippus, 52 ff.; his references to John, 53 ff.; on Claudius Apollinaris, 137; on Polycrates of Ephesus, 137; on Tatian's _Diatessaron_, 146 f.; on _Diatessaron_ of Ammonius, 148 f.; his Epistle to Carpianus, 148 f., 152 Ewald, 32, 33, 62, 63, 79, 141

Farrar, Dr., 34 Francke, 97

Gfrörer, 7, 75 Glaucias, 15, 18, 19, Gobarus, Stephanus, 23 Godet, 32 Gospel, the Fourth, contrast with Synoptics, 26 f., 26 n. 2; Hebraic character of its language, 27 ff.; Eusebius regarding it, 49, 51, 53 f., 55 ff.; evidence to it of Martyrdom of Polycarp, 135; alleged evidence of Claudius Apollinaris, 137; alleged evidence of Polycrates 137; supposed reference to it in Epistle of Vienne and Lyons, 144; Tatian's _Diatessaron_ said to begin with it, 147 f.; insufficiency of evidence for it, 162 ff.; its contents cannot be reconciled with Synoptics, 163 f. Gospels, Justin's use of, 24 f.; evidence of alleged quotations, 24 f.; object in examining evidence for, 37 ff., 41 ff.; numerous Gospels circulating in early Church, 131 f.; anonymous quotations not necessarily from canonical, 131 ff.; illustrations of this, 132 ff.; evidence of Martyrdom of Polycarp, 135; evidence of Melito of Sardis, 135 f.; evidence of Claudius Apollinaris, 137; evidence of Epistle of Vienne and Lyons, 141 ff.; principles on which evidence is examined, 162; insufficiency of evidence for, 162 ff. Greet, Hofstede de, 5, 9 n. 2 Grove, 34 Guericke, 7, 90 f., 93

Hadrian, 12 Hagenbach, 91, 93 Harless, 75 Hase, 76 Hebrews, Gospel according to the, 122 f., 123, 150 Hefele, 80 Hegesippus, his attitude to Paul, 23; references to him by Eusebius, 52 ff.; on Simeon, 52 Hemphill, Professor, did Eusebius directly know Tatian's _Diatessaron_? 146 f.; on Arabic _Diatessaron_, 149; it takes Matthew as basis, 149; its substantial identity with Victor's _Diatessaron_, 153 Hengstenberg, 31 Hilgenfeld, on passage of Irenaeus, 5 f.; on Ignatian Epistles, 78, 79; place and date of martyrdom of Ignatius, 97 ff.; on Papias and Matthew's Hebrew "Oracles," 122; Protevangelium Jacobi, 142; Eusebius on Tatian's _Diatessaron_, 146 f. Hippolytus, 17 f. Holtzmann, 135, 147 Hug, 32 Humfrey, 66

Ignatius, Epistle of Polycarp regarding him, 20 ff.; date and place of his martyrdom, 87, 94 ff.; his alleged martyr-journey, 94 ff.; his treatment during it, 99 f.; compared with Paul's journey, 100 f.; compared with case of Peregrinus, 101 ff.; reasons opposed to martyr-journey to Rome, and for martyrdom in Antioch, 104 ff.; remains of Ignatius, 111 ff.; martyrologies, 112 f. Ignatian Epistles, Dr. Lightfoot on, 57 ff.; critics on priority of Syriac version, 59 ff., long recension, 64 ff.; Vossian Epistles, 67 ff.; version of Ussher, 67; Armenian version, 78 ff.; Eusebian Epistles, 80 ff.; their order in MSS., 82 ff.; their value as evidence, 113 f. Irenaeus, 3 ff.

Jacobson, 65 Jerome, 110 f. John, references of Eusebius, 53 ff.; Papias and Presbyters on, 55 f.; double use of name, 55 f. Justin Martyr, his quotations, 28 ff.

Keim, 135 Kestner, 70, 71 Kirchhofer, 7

Lange, 32 Lardner, 70, 136 Lechler, 76 f. Lightfoot, 32, 33 Lightfoot, Dr., objectionable style of criticism, 1 f., 3, 7 f., 13 n. 1, 14 f., 15 n. 1, 20, 21, 23 f., 24 n. 5, 25 f., 27, 30 f., 36, 44 f., 46 f., 57 ff., 68 ff.; 73 ff., 144; on a passage of Irenaeus, 3 ff.; discussion of date of Celsus, 9 ff.; Dr. Westcott on Basilides, 15 ff.; weightier arguments of apologists, 20 ff.; on Epistle of Polycarp, 20 f., object of Papias' work, 22; on Hegesippus and Apostle Paul, 22 f.; on Justin Martyr's quotations, 23 ff.; on duration of ministry of Jesus, 26 f.; on Hebraic character of language of the Fourth Gospel, 27 ff.; identification of Sychar, 30 ff.; on argument of S.R., 36 ff.; on silence of Eusebius, 45 ff.; the intention of Eusebius, 44 f.; procedure of Eusebius, 50 f.; silence of Eusebius as evidence for Fourth Gospel, 56 f.; on Ignatian Epistles, 57 ff.; on view of Lipsius, 60 f.; misstatements regarding references in S.R., 61 ff.; differentiation of Ignatian Epistles, 80 ff.; their position in MSS., 82 ff.; on martyr-journey and treatment of Ignatius, 99 f.; compared with Apostle Paul's, 100 f.; compared with case of Peregrinus Proteus, 101 ff.; on John Malalas, 108 ff.; on Polycarp of Smyrna, 115 f.; date of his Epistle, 115; does not examine alleged quotations of Gospels, 116; on Papias of Hierapolis, 117 ff.; Papias on Mark, 117 f.; Papias on Matthew, 119 ff.; on accuracy of Papias, 120 ff.; translation of Hebrew Oracles of Matthew, 121 f.; on Gospel according to the Hebrews, 122 f.; on nature of Oracles of Matthew, 124 ff.; can Oracles include narrative? 125 f.; his misapprehension of argument of S.R., 129 ff.; on Martyrdom of Polycarp, 135; on Melito of Sardis, 135 f.; erroneous quotation from S.R., 136, n. 2; on Claudius Apollinaris, 137 f.; on Polycrates of Ephesus, 137; on Epistle of Vienne and Lyons, 139 ff.; on the "testimony of Zacharias," 140 ff.; alleged reference to Acts, 142 f.; alleged reference to Fourth Gospel, 144; Tatian's Diatessaron, 145 f.; on Eusebius's mention of it, 146 f.; did he directly know it? 146; on Doctrine of Addai, 147; it mentions Tatian's Diatessaron, 147; Dionysius Bar-Salibi on Tatian's _Diatessaron_, 147 f.; on _Diatessaron_ of Ammonius, 148; quite different from Tatian's work, 148 f.; similarity to Arabic version asserted by Hemphill, 149; case of Victor of Capua, 152 f.; Victor must have been mistaken, 153 f.; Victor not mistaken after all, 153; on Letter of the Smyrnaens, 154 ff.; a short way with its miraculous elements, 154 f.; practically justifies procedure of "Supernatural Religion," 156 Lipsius, on Ignatian Epistles, 60 f., 63, 78, 79; on Martyrdom of Polycarp, 135 Logia, meaning of, in N.T., 124 ff. Logos doctrine in Apocalypse, 30 n. 1 Lucian, 12, 101 f. Luke, Gospel according to, supposed reference to it in Epistle of Vienne and Lyons, 141 f.; its use in _Diatessaron_, 149, 153 Luthardt, on passage of Irenaeus, 6; on Basilides, 18; on language of Fourth Gospel and Apocalypse, 28 ff.

Magdeburg Centuriators, 64 Malalas, John, on martyrdom of Ignatius, 108 ff. Marcus Aurelius, 105 f. Mark, Presbyters and Papias on, 117 f.; not eye-witness but interpreter of Peter, 118 f.; value of his Gospel as evidence, 118 f.; use in _Diatessaron_, 149 Matthew, Presbyters and Papias on, 55 f., 119 ff.; wrote oracles in Hebrew, 119 ff.; when translated, 121 ff.; use in _Diatessaron_ of Ammonius, 148; also in that of Tatian, 149 f. Matthias, 16, 18 Mayerhoff, 91, 93 Melito of Sardis, 135 f. Merx, 78, 79 Meyer, on passage of Irenaeus, 5, 82 Mill, on miracles, 36 ff. Milman, 59, 62, 63, 105 n. 1, 107 f. Moesinger, Ephraem's Commentary, 145 f., 150 Mozley, on belief, 35 f.

Neander, 70, 71 f., 105 f. Neubauer, 30, 34 Nicephorus, 111 n. 1

Olshausen, 7, 32 "Oracles," meaning of, 124 ff. Origen, on Celsus, 10 f.

Papias of Hierapolis, alleged quotations from him, 3 ff.; object of his work, 22; references of Eusebius to him, 54 ff.; words of the Presbyters, 55 f.; double reference to "John," 55 f.; he had nothing to tell of Fourth Gospel, 55 ff.; on Mark's Gospel, 117 ff.; on Matthew's Hebrew Oracles, 119 f.; value of his evidence for the Gospels, 127 f. Parker, 65, 66 Paul, Apostle, his treatment as prisoner compared to that of Ignatius, 100 f.; unconscious testimony regarding the supernatural, 165; his testimony for Resurrection and Ascension, 165 f. Pearson, 67 Peregrinus Proteus, 102 ff. Perpetua, Saturus and, 100 Petau, 65, 67 Petermann, 78 ff. Phillips, 147 Polycarp of Smyrna, 115 f.; date of martyrdom, 115 Polycarp, Martyrdom of, 135, 154 ff.; Dr. Lightfoot's short way with the miraculous elements, 154 f. Polycrates of Ephesus, date, 137; evidence for Fourth Gospel, 137 Pressensé, de, 60 Protevangelium Jacobi, 142 Quadratus, Statius, date of proconsulship, 115

"Religion, Supernatural," argument of, 36 ff., 40 ff., 129 ff.; canons of criticism, 130 ff.; the "testimony of Zacharias," Epistle of Vienne and Lyons, 140 ff.; was Eusebius directly acquainted with Tatian's _Diatessaron_? 146 f.; argument of S.R. practically justified by Dr. Lightfoot, 154 ff.; conclusions of, 157 ff.; evidence of Divine Revelation which is necessary, 157; miracles as evidence destroyed by doubtful source, 157 f.; miraculous evidence not original, 158 f., stream of miraculous pretension, 158; true character of miracles betrayed, 158 f.; origin of belief in supernatural interference, 159; assumptions to justify miracles, 159 f.; an Infinite Personal God, 159 f.; Divine design of Revelation, 160; miracles antecedently incredible, 160 f.; evidence for the Christian miracles, 161 f.; principles upon which evidence examined, 162; evidence for Gospels, 162 f.; evidence for Acts, 164; the remaining books of New Testament, 164 f.; evidence of Paul, 165; evidence for Resurrection and Ascension, 165 f.; results tested by general considerations, 166 ff.; claim of Christianity to be Divinely revealed not original, 166 f.; history and achievements of Christianity opposed to it, 167 f.; census of religions, 168 n. 1; how far the Great Teacher was misunderstood, 168 f.; transformation of Christianity, 169 f.; alleged objections to disturbing belief, 169 f.; objections not valid, 170 f.; argument that Divine Revelation is necessary to man, 172 f.; we gain more than we lose by finding our theology to be mere human inventions, 173 f. Resurrection, evidence for, 165 f. Reuss, 147 Riggenbach, on passage of Irenaeus, 5; on Sychar, 32 Ritschl, 62, 63 Rivet, 64, 65, 67 Routh, on passage of Irenaeus, 4 Ruinart, anniversary of Ignatius, 112 Rumpf, 60