CHAPTER IV.

THE VOLATILE OILS USED IN PERFUMERY.

Acacia oil or oil of cassie; Almond oil (bitter) 87

Adulterations of oil of bitter almonds and their detection 90

Angelica oil 92

Anise-seed oil 93

Star anise oil 94

Balm oil; Basil oil; Bayberry oil, or oil of bay leaves 96

Bergamot oil; Testing bergamot oil as to its purity 97

Cajeput oil 98

Camomile or chamomile oil; Blue camomile oil; Green camomile oil 99

Caraway oil; Recognition of the purity of caraway oil 100

Cedar oil; Cherry-laurel oil 101

Detection of oil of mirbane in cherry-laurel oil; Cinnamon oils; Ceylon cinnamon oil 102

Cassia oil 103

Cinnamon-root oil and oil of cinnamon leaves; Quantitative determination of cinnamaldehyde in cassia oil 104

Detection of adulterations in cassia oil; Citron oil 106

Detection of adulterations in citron oil; Citronella oil; Detection of adulterations in citronella oil 107

Oil of cloves 108

Test for the value of oil of cloves 109

Eucalyptus oil 110

Fennel oil 111

Geranium oil, palmarosa oil, Turkish geranium oil; East Indian geranium oil; French and African geranium oils 112

Adulterations of geranium oils; Jasmine oil, or oil of jessamine 113

Juniper oil 114

Lavender oil; Spike oil 115

Detection of adulterations of lavender oil; Lemon oil; Sponge process of obtaining lemon oil 116

Écuelle process 117

Distillation; Apparatus combining the écuelle and distilling processes, illustrated and described 118

Adulterations of oil of lemons and their detection: Lilac oil; Oil of limes 121

Licari oil, linaloë oil; Marjoram oils; Spanish marjoram oil 122

Mignonette oil; Myrrh oil 123

Nutmeg oils; Mace oil; Adulterations of mace oil and their detection 124

Opopanax oil; Orange-peel oil, Portugal oil or essence of Portugal; Mandarin oil 125

Orange-flower oil or neroli oil; Neroli Portugal oil; Cultivation of the orange on the French Riviera and yield of orange blossoms; Characteristics of oil of orange flowers 126

Adulterations of neroli oil and their detection 127

Petit-grain oil; Oil of orris root 129

Patchouli oil 130

Varieties and characteristics of patchouli oil 131

Peppermint oil; Oil of curled mint; Peppermint oil and its varieties 132

American oils of peppermint of high reputation; Mode of distinguishing American, German, and English oils of peppermint 133

Adulterants of peppermint oil and their detection 134

Poley oil 135

Pimento oil or oil of allspice; Rose oil or attar of roses; Principal localities of its production; Schimmel & Co.'s, of Leipzic, Germany, experiment to obtain oil from indigenous roses 136

The rose-oil industry in Bulgaria; Methods of gathering and distilling the roses 137

Characteristics of pure rose oil 138

Manner of judging the genuineness of rose oil; Process for the insulation and determination of stearoptene in rose oil 139

Adulteration of rose oil with ginger-grass oil 140

Test for the adulteration of rose oil with ginger-grass oil employed in Bulgaria 141

Adulterants of rose oil 142

Tests for rose oil; Approximate quantitative determination of spermaceti in rose oil 143

Rosemary oil; Detection of adulterations in rosemary oil 144

Rosewood oil or rhodium oil; Sandal-wood oil; Sassafras oil; Characteristics of sassafras oil 145

Thyme oil 147

Oil of turpentine; Austrian oil of turpentine; German oil of turpentine; French oil of turpentine; Venetian oil of turpentine 148

American oil of turpentine; Pine oil; Dwarf pine oil; Krummholz or Latschenoel; Pine-leaf oil; Templin oil (Kienoel); Balsam-pine oil 149

Oil of verbena; Oil of violet; Vitivert or vetiver oil 150

Wintergreen oil 151

Birch oil; Artificial preparation of methyl salicylate 152

Adulteration of wintergreen oil and its detection; Ylang-ylang oil 153

Cananga oil 154