CHAPTER I.

HISTORICAL NOTICE OF PERFUMERY.

PAGE

Consumption of perfume-substances by the early nations of the Orient 17

Perfume-substances as an offering to the gods and their use for embalming the dead; Arts of the toilet in ancient times 18

Perfume-substances used by the Hebrews; Olibanum and the mode of gaining it in ancient times, as described by Herodotus 19

Pliny's account of olibanum 20

Practice of anointing the entire body customary among the ancients; The holy oil prescribed by Moses; Origin of the sweet-scented ointment "myron" 21

Luxurious use of ointments in Athens, and the special ointments used for each part of the body; Introduction of ointments in Rome, and edict prohibiting the sale of foreign ointments; Plutarch on the extravagant use of ointments in Rome 22

Ancient books containing directions for preparing ointments; Directions for rose ointment, according to Dioscorides 23

Ancient process of distilling volatile oils; Dioscorides's directions for making animal fats suitable for the reception of perfumes; Consumption of perfume-substances by the ancient Romans; Condition of the ancient ointment-makers 24

Use of red and white paints, hair-dyes, and depilatories by the Romans 25

Peculiar substance for cleansing the teeth used by the Roman ladies; Perfumeries and cosmetics in the Middle Ages; Receipts for cosmetics in the writings of Arabian physicians, and of Guy de Chanlios 26

Giovanni Marinello's work on "Cosmetics for Ladies;" Introduction of the arts of the toilet into France, by Catherine de Medici and Margaret of Valois 27

Extravagant use of cosmetics in France from the commencement of the seventeenth to the middle of the eighteenth century 28

Importance of the perfumer's craft in France; Chief seats of the French perfumery industry 29

Privileges of the _parfumeurs-gantiers_ in France; Use of perfumes in England; Act of Parliament prohibiting the use of perfumeries, false hair, etc., for deceiving a man and inveigling him into matrimony 30