Part II of the Regulations relates to dealers in de-natured alcohol, and

manufacturers using the same.

"SEC. 58. Alcohol de-natured by use of methyl alcohol and benzine as provided in section 26 of these regulations is to be classed as _completely de-natured alcohol_. Alcohol de-natured in any other manner will be classed as _specially de-natured alcohol_."

DE-NATURED ALCOHOL NOT TO BE STORED ON CERTAIN PREMISES, AND NOT TO BE USED FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES.

"SEC. 59. Neither completely nor specially de-natured alcohol shall be kept or stored on the premises of the following classes of persons, to wit: dealers in wines, fermented liquors or distilled spirits, rectifiers of spirits, manufacturers of and dealers in beverages of any kind, manufacturers of liquid medicinal preparations, or distillers (except as to such de-natured alcohol in stamped packages as is manufactured by themselves), manufacturers of vinegar by the vaporizing process and the use of a still and mash, wort, or wash, and persons who, in the course of business, have or keep distilled spirits, wines, or malt liquors, or other beverages stored on their premises. _Provided_, That druggists are exempt from the above provisions."

CAN NOT BE USED IN MANUFACTURING BEVERAGES, ETC.

"SEC. 60. Anyone using de-natured alcohol for the manufacture of any beverage or liquid medicinal preparation, or who knowingly sells any beverage or liquid medicinal preparation made in whole or in part from such alcohol, becomes subject to the penalties prescribed in section 2 of the Act of June 7, 1906."

Under the language of this law it is held that de-natured alcohol can not be used in the preparation of any article to be used as a component part in the preparation of any beverage or liquid medicinal preparation.

A person, firm, or corporation desiring to sell de-natured alcohol, must make application, in proper form, to the district collector on or before the first of July each year, and if the provisions of the law have been violated the permit may be withdrawn (Sections 61 to 65).

Sections 66 to 71 relate to the keeping of records by collector, and wholesale and retail dealers.

RETAIL DEALERS TO KEEP RECORD.

"SEC. 72. Retail dealers in de-natured alcohol shall keep a record, in which they shall enter the date upon which they receive any package or packages of de-natured alcohol, the person from whom received, the serial numbers of the packages, the serial numbers of the de-natured alcohol stamps the wine and proof gallons, and the date upon which packages are opened for retail.

The transcript for each month's business as shown by this record must be prepared, signed, and sworn to and forwarded to the collector of internal revenue of the district in which the dealer is located before the 10th of the following month. This transcript must be signed and sworn to by the dealer himself or by his duly authorized agent."

LABELS TO BE PLACED ON RETAIL PACKAGES.

"SEC. 73. Retail dealers in de-natured alcohol must provide themselves with labels upon which the words "De-Natured Alcohol" have been printed in plain, legible letters. The printing shall be red on white. A label of this character must be affixed by the dealer to the container, whatever it may be, in the case of each sale of de-natured alcohol made by him."

STAMPS TO BE DESTROYED WHEN PACKAGE IS EMPTY.

"SEC. 74. As soon as the stamped packages of de-natured alcohol are empty the dealer or manufacturer, as the case may be, must thoroughly obliterate and completely destroy all marks, stamps, and brands on the packages.

The stamps shall under no circumstances be re-used, and the packages shall not be refilled until _all_ the marks, stamps, and brands shall have been removed and destroyed."

MANUFACTURERS USING COMPLETELY DE-NATURED ALCOHOL TO SECURE PERMIT.

"SEC. 75. Manufacturers desiring to use completely de-natured alcohol, such as is put upon the market for sale generally, may use such alcohol in their business subject to the following restrictions:

A manufacturer using less than an average of 50 gallons of de-natured alcohol per month will not be required to secure permit from the collector or to keep records or make returns showing the alcohol received and used.

Manufacturers who use as much as 50 gallons of completely de-natured alcohol a month must procure such alcohol in stamped packages, and before beginning business the manufacturer must make application to the collector of the proper district for permit, in which application he will state the exact location of his place of business, describing the lot or tract of land upon which the plant is located, and must keep the alcohol in a locked room until used.

"SEC. 79. As the agents adapted to and adopted for use in complete de-naturation render the alcohol de-natured unfit for use in many industries in which ethyl alcohol, withdrawn free of tax, can be profitably employed, therefore in order to give full scope to the operation of the law, special de-naturants will be authorized when absolutely necessary. Yet the strictest surveillance must be exercised in the handling of alcohol incompletely or specially de-natured."

FORMULA FOR SPECIAL DE-NATURANTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE COMMISSIONER.

"SEC. 80. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue will consider any formula for special de-naturation that may be submitted by any manufacturer in any art or industry and will determine (1) whether or not the manufacture in which it is proposed to use the alcohol belongs to a class in which tax-free alcohol withdrawn under the provisions of this act can be used. (2) whether or not it is practicable to permit the use of the proposed de-naturant and at the same time properly safeguard the revenue. But one special de-naturant will be authorized for the same class of industries, unless it shall be shown that there is good reason for additional special de-naturants."

The Commissioner will announce from time to time the formulas of de-naturants that will be permitted in the several classes of industries in which tax-free alcohol can be used.

The specially or incompletely de-natured alcohol can only be used by special permission, for which the manufacturer must apply, at the same time giving full details as to business, plant, premises, the special de-naturants desired to be used, and the reason therefor, etc. (Section 81).

Section 82 recites the necessary requirements as to storerooms, etc., and Sections 83 to 87 relate to the form of application and the inspection of the plant. Section 88 recites the form of bond necessary to be given by the manufacturer, and Sections 89 to 104 relate to the general requirements as to records, books, affidavits, etc.

Sections 105 and 106 rule that the alcohol must be used just as received, and as called for in the permit, and that a manufacturer quitting business may dispose of his specially de-natured alcohol to other manufacturers.

PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO MANUFACTURERS USING EITHER SPECIALLY OR GENERALLY DE-NATURED ALCOHOL.

"SEC. 107. Under no circumstances will de-naturers, manufacturers, or dealers, or any other persons, in any manner treat either specially or completely de-natured alcohol by adding anything to it or taking anything from it until it is ready for the use for which it is to be employed. It must go into manufacture or consumption in exactly the same condition that it was when it left the de-naturer. Diluting completely de-natured alcohol will be held to be such manipulation as is forbidden by law.

"SEC. 108. Manufacturers using either specially or completely de-natured alcohol must store it in the storeroom set apart for that purpose, the place for deposit named in the bond and application, and nowhere else. Likewise they must deposit recovered alcohol in said storeroom as fast as it is recovered. It will be held to be a breach of the bond and a violation of the law if any alcohol of any kind, character, or description should be found stored at any other place on the premises."

The question of special de-naturants is one of great importance to the manufacturer, and should be carefully studied. The distiller who succeeds on a large scale will be he who is most expert in preparing alcohol specially de-natured to suit the requirements of the various arts. Germany has done most in this line, and the German practice should be carefully studied.

Parts IV and V of the Rules relate to that portion of the De-Naturing Act, referred to in Section 2 thereof--the recovering, restoring and re-de-naturing of alcohol used by manufacturers employing processes in which the formerly de-natured spirits are? expressed, or evaporated. This not being within the plan of this book, the rules relating thereto are not quoted.

Those desirous of acquiring full information as to the rules regulating the operation of distilleries for the manufacture of alcohol and de-natured spirits can procure the same by applying either to the collectors of Internal Revenue for their respective districts or to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Washington, D. C.

PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE DE-NATURING ACT.

The De-naturing Act as passed and the regulations thereunder are undoubtedly too complicated in their character to remain very long in the Statute Books. There has already arisen a cry for simpler regulations which shall place the manufacture of de-natured alcohol on a plane with the practice in Germany, France and other countries which have carried the manufacture and use of alcohol, for industrial purposes to a very high plane. Both in England and America the Excise and Internal Revenue regulations have been of very troublesome character, and the production of spirits has been so carefully guarded, watched and checked that the distiller aside from the high tax he has had to pay has been greatly hampered. In Germany and France, however, things are different. There the manufacture of Industrial Alcohol from farm products has been encouraged and as a consequence the regulations are of very much simpler character. In Germany the number of agricultural or co-operative stills is very large and these stills are practically free from the constant supervision of internal revenue officials.

Until the wash passes into the still there is practically no Governmental supervision except as to the proper gauging of the vats and to the proper sealing of all joints or pipes leading from the vats to the still. From that point onward, however, to the final receiver every vessel is locked and sealed and no access to the spirit can be obtained by the distiller. The quantity of spirit distilled and its quality is ascertained by the Revenue Officer from this final receiver and on this spirit so found is computed the vat tax and the distillery tax which have to be paid by the distiller. There are none of the cumbersome regulations regarding the warehouses, storehouses, storekeepers, etc., which are found in our own revenue laws. To provide security against abstraction of wash in the fermenting tanks, reliance is placed upon frequent but uncertain visitations.

There is no question but that in the fulness of time our own laws and regulations will be very much simplified for all industrial plants. An attempt has been made to so simplify the laws by Act of Congress No. 230, approved March 2, 1907 and taking effect on September 1, 1907, the text of which is appended, and undoubtedly other acts will follow as the country becomes more and more sensible of the benefits to be derived from free industrial alcohol. The text of the act is as follows:

[PUBLIC--NO. 230.]

An Act to amend an Act entitled "An Act for the withdrawal from bond tax free of domestic alcohol when rendered unfit for beverage or liquid medicinal uses by mixture with suitable denaturing materials," approved June seventh, nineteen hundred and six.

_Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress Assembled_, That notwithstanding anything contained in the Act entitled "An Act for the withdrawal from bond tax free of domestic alcohol when rendered unfit for beverage or liquid medicinal uses by mixture with suitable de-naturing materials," approved June seventh, nineteen hundred and six, domestic alcohol when suitably denatured may be withdrawn from bond without the payment of internal-revenue tax and used in the manufacture of ether and chloroform and other definite chemical substances where said alcohol is changed into some other chemical substance and does not appear in the finished product as alcohol: _Provided_, That rum of not less than one hundred and fifty degrees proof, may be withdrawn, for de-naturation only, in accordance with the provisions of said Act of June seventh, nineteen hundred and six, and in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

SEC. 2. That the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may authorize the establishment of central de-naturing bonded warehouses, other than those at distilleries, to which alcohol of the required proof may be transferred from distilleries or distillery bonded warehouses without the payment of internal-revenue tax, and in which such alcohol may be stored and de-natured. The establishment, operation, and custody of such warehouses shall be under such regulations and upon the execution of such bonds as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may prescribe.

SEC. 3. That alcohol of the required proof may be drawn off, for de-naturation only, from receiving cisterns in the cistern room of any distillery for transfer by pipes direct to any de-naturing bonded warehouse on the distillery premises or to closed metal storage tanks situated in the distillery bonded warehouse, or from such storage tanks to any denaturing bonded warehouse on the distillery premises, and de-natured alcohol may also be transported from the de-naturing bonded warehouse, in such manner and by means of such packages, tanks or tank cars, and on the execution of such bonds, and under such regulations as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may prescribe. And further, alcohol to be de-natured may be withdrawn without the payment of internal-revenue tax from the distillery bonded warehouse for shipment to central de-naturing plants in such packages, tanks and tank cars, under such regulations, and on the execution of such bonds as may be prescribed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury.

SEC. 4. That at distilleries producing alcohol from any substance what ever, for de-naturation only, and having a daily spirit-producing capacity of not exceeding one hundred proof gallons, the use of cisterns or tanks of such size and construction as may be deemed expedient may be permitted in lieu of distillery bonded warehouses, and the production, storage, the manner and process of de-naturing on the distillery premises the alcohol produced, and transportation of such alcohol, and the operation of such distilleries shall be upon the execution of such bonds and under such regulations as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may prescribe, and such distilleries may by such regulations be exempted from such provisions of the existing laws relating to distilleries as may be deemed expedient by said officials.

SEC. 5. That the provisions of this Act shall take effect on September first, nineteen hundred and seven.

Approved, March 2, 1907.

INDEX.

Adam's Still, 38 faults of, 39 operation of, 38

Air necessary to fermentation, 18 cooling for mashes, 15

Alcohol, absolute, 2 as fuel, 221 boiling point of, 2 points of mixture, 2 composition of, 1, 6 contraction in mixtures of, 4 de-natured, 143 determination of purity, 186, 188 estimation of, 179 estimating by Geisler's method, 183 Brand's method, 184 sugar in "Beer", 185 ethyl, 7 methyl, 7 measuring in mixtures, 174, 179 by hydrometers, 176, 178 proof, 175 rectification of, 82, 92 relative amounts in different grains, 126 specific gravity of, 2, 174 strengthening, 31 under proof, 176 wood, 7

Alcoholometer, Cartier's, 178 Field's, 182 Tralle's, 179

Alcoholometry, 174

Alcohols, principal, 6 boiling points of principal, 6 composition of principal, 6

Barbet's still, 93 traps, 68 test for alcoholic purity, 187

Barley best for malting, 103 cleaning, 104 draining after steeping, 105 drying malt from, 108 effect of germination on, 107 germination of, 106 steeping, 105 test of sufficient steeping, 105 washing, 104

Beet-cleaners, 151 -juice, extraction of by maceration and diffusion, 157, 158 pulp, addition of sulphuric acid to, 153, 156, 160 presses, 154, 156 rasp, 152

Beets, alcohol from, 150 cellars for storing, 149 cultivation of, 140 characteristics of good, 140 cleaning, 151 composition of, 141 conditions for cultivating, 142, 144, 145 diffusion battery for, 158 direct distillation of, 161 distilling apparatus for, 162, 200, 201 distilling plant for, 199, 201

Beets, fermenting juice of, 160 harvesting, 146 how to tell when ripe, 147 hydraulic presses for, 153 macerating, 156, 159 manures for, 143 roll press for, 154 soil for growing, 142 sowing, 144, 146 stack for storing, 148 storing in winter, 149 scum forming during fermentation of, 160 transportation of, 203

Boiling over, to prevent in still, 58 points of alcoholic liquors, 2

Carbonic anhydride, to get rid of, 25

Cellar for beets, 149

Cellier-Blumenthal still, 48

Cleaning barley, 103 beets, 150 grain, 104 potatoes, 110, 204 apparatus for, 151

Coal consumption, 208

Coffey's still, 54

Column distillery, 64, 66 rectifying, 51, 87, 94

Condenser, Cellier-Blumenthal's, 48 Coffey's still, 54 and mash heater, 41, 43, 46, 52, 64, 74

Concentration of alcohol by distillation, 31

Continuous distillation, 50

Cooling mashes by air, 15 by water, 17, 133, 196

Corn, mashing, (see Grain).

Couch, wet, 106

Covered fermentation, 27

Current still, 59

De-Naturants, formulas for, 211, 214, 216, 219, 254 prescribed in U. S., 211, 220

De-natured alcohol in Canada, 214 England, 214 France, 215 Germany, 211, 214 uses of, 210, 213, 217 in Germany, 217, 222

De-naturing in London establishment, 215 in U. S., Acts regulating, 212, 219, 225, 259 regulations, 229 with benzine, 216

Diastase, 14 proper temperature for action of, 14, 133

Distilling apparatus, 33, 63, 189 Adams', 8 beet, 162 Cellier-Blumenthal's, 48 Coffey's, 54 continuous, 50, 68 current, 59 compound still, 46, 47 fire heated, 47 Corty's, 40 double, 41 Dorn's, 43 Gillaume's, 78 simple, 38, 36, 190 with enricher, 37

Distilling column, 64, 73 plants, 189, 199, 205

Distillation, checking 32 compound, 42, 50 multiple to strengthen alcohol, 31

Dough, luting still with, 34

Dujardin's roll press for beets, 154

Drying, barley, 108 kiln for, 108

Drying rooms, temperature of, 108

Dunder from molasses, 168

Flavor in alcohol, cause of bad, 86

Ferment, too much, 24

Fermentation in general, 9, 18, 27 alcoholic, 22, 23 acetous, 24 foaming, 27 heat necessary for, 19 lactic, 25 loss in, 28 phenomena of, 27 periods of, 26 under cover, 27 viscous, 25

Fermenting apparatus, 28, 194 room, 29, 194 vats, 28, 29, 195

Fire, regulating distilling, 61

Floors for malting barley, 106

"Fractionating", 83

Fusel oil, (see Rectifying).

Geisler's apparatus for estimating alcohol, 184

Gelatinizing apparatus, 10

Germinating barley, 106

Grain, alcohol from, 126 composition of, 128 cooling of mashed, 133 distillery for, 197 grinding, 129 infusion of, 131, 135

Grain, mashing in general, 130, 134 mashing, proportions of grain for, 134 under steam pressure, 137 mashes, cooling, 133 regulating temperature of, 133, 138 mash tub, 134 thin mash of, 134, 135 saccharifying, 131, 134 steeping, 129 sulphurous acid, 132 temperature of water, 129 sufficient steeping of, 130

Grains, relative quantities of alcohol from various, 126

Gauge glass, 71

Heat indicator for regulating, 61 necessary for fermentation, 19

Henze steamer, 11, 14

Hydraulic presses for beets, 153

Hydrometers, 176, 177

Indicator for regulating distillery fire, 61

Iodine Test, 185

Lactic fermentation, 25

Lime, neutralizing acid by milk of, 80

Loss of alcohol in fermentation, 28

Malt, 103 drying, 108 grinding dried, 109 kiln, 108

Malting barley, 103 cleaning barley for, 104 couch, 106 floors, 106 germinating barley for, 106 in large plants, 108 steeping barley for, 105

Mash cooling, 15, 16, 17 heating, 52, 74 tub, 122, 123, 124

Mashing in general, 8 grain, 30, 134 cleaning, 104 potatoes, 110, 125 starchy materials, 10

Molasses, alcohol from, 163 acidifying, 164 beet sugar, 164 cane sugar, 168 clarifying cane sugar, 170 composition of " ", 168 dilution of, 167 dunder from cane sugar, 168 fermenting cane sugar, 170, 206 cane sugar in Mauritius, 172 cane sugar in Java, 172 mixing vats for water and, 164, 165 plant for distilling, 205 skimmings from cane sugar, 168 transportation of, 207 washes, setting up, 166 pitching temperature of, 166

Methylated spirits, 211, 212

Neutralizing Acids in rectifying, 86

Pitching the mash, 22 temperature, 22

Potato-alcohol use in Germany, 212 how to obtain good, 138

Potatoes, alcohol from, 110 best for distilling, 110 cleaning, 110, 204 crusher for, 116

Potatoes, crushing and steaming, 111, 117 extraction of starch from separately, 122 isolation of starch from, 122 keeping, 110 mashing, 110, 118, 125 plant for distilling, 204 rasp for pulping, 152 saccharifying by sulphuric acid, 124 starch from, 122 steaming, 111 under high pressure, 11, 118, 121 vat for, 112, 121 steamer and crusher for, 111, 117 vacuum cooker for, 11

"Proof spirit", 175

Rectification, 82, 92 by filtration, 101

Rectifying apparatus, 87 Barbet's, 94 Gillaume, 97, 99 intermittent, 90 Vulcan, 93

Regulating distillery fire, 61

Relative quantities of alcohol in grains, 126

Rice, (see Grains).

Saccharification, 8, 10, 14 by sulphuric acid, 138 complete, 185 of grain, signs of, 137

Saccharifying apparatus, 14

Specific gravity of alcohol, 2, 174 calculating, 174

Steam generator, 114 regulator, 69

Steamers, high pressure, 11, 12

Steaming under high pressure, 13

Steaming grain, 136 potatoes, 111 under pressure, 118, 121 vat, 112

Steeping barley, 105 grain, 129 sufficiently, 130 temperature, 130

Stills, (see Distilling Apparatus).

Sulphuric acid for saccharifying grain, 138 neutralizing, 86

Sykes' hydrometer, 177

Testing Alcohol for purity, 187

Twin column rectifier, 95

Vacuum cooker, 10, 11

Vulcan rectifying still, 93 stills, 73, 77 traps, 75

Water for distilling, 208

Yeast, 20 brewers, 11 fermentation by, 9, 10

* * * * *

ELECTRICAL BOOKS.

=THE DISEASES OF ELECTRICAL MACHINERY.= By ERNST SCHULZ. Edited with a preface by Sylvanus P. Thompson. Contents of Chapters: 1, _Continuous Current Machines_; breakdowns in the armature; brushes and brush holders; faults in the field winding; faults in the regulator or starter. 2, _Singlephase and Polyphase Generators_; faults in armature; grounds in generators; connections of different phases; field windings. 3, _Singlephase and Polyphase Induction Motors_; stator faults; rotor faults. 4, _Transformers_; faults in winding; effects of lightning. 5, _Efficiency_; examples of efficiency calculations. 94 pages, 42 illustrations, 12mo., cloth, $1.00.

=ELECTRICAL TABLES AND MEMORANDA.= A valuable little reference book for engineers, electricians, motor inspectors and others interested in the electrical science, containing many tables and much valuable information in a very small space, with a number of illustrations, by PROF. SILVANUS THOMPSON. 64mo., roan, gilt edges, 40c.

=THE VOLTAIC ACCUMULATOR.= By EMILE REYNIER. Contents: Part 1, Principles, definitions, voltmeters. Part 2, Voltaic accumulators of various types. Part 3, Technology. Part 4, Application of accumulators. 202 pages, 62 illustrations, cloth, $3.00.

=THE MERCURIAL AIR PUMP.= By PROF. SILVANUS P. THOMPSON, D. Sc. 37 pages, 43 illustrations, large 8vo., paper, 60c.[++]

=THERMO-ELECTRIC REACTIONS AND CURRENTS, BETWEEN METALS IN FUSED SALTS.= By THOMAS ANDREWS, F.R.S. 18 pages, with illustrations and tables, 8vo., paper, 40c.[++]

=THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY TO RAILWAY WORKING.= By WILLIAM EDWARD LANGDON. Contents of Chapters: 1, On the construction of a telegraph line. 2, Surveying. 3, Construction. 4, Telegraph instruments and batteries. 5, Block signalling. 6, Single line working. 7, Automatic block signalling. 8, Interlocking. 9, Miscellaneous appliances in connection with block signalling. 10, Train lighting. 11, Electric light and power. 12, Intercommunication in trains. 13, Administration. Appendix. Index. 301 pages, 6 full page plates and 143 engravings and diagrams, 8vo., cloth, $5.00.

=ELECTRICAL TESTING OF TELEGRAPH CABLES.= By COL. V. HOSKIAER. Third edition. 12mo., cloth, $1.50.

=HARD SOLDERING, A MANUAL OF INSTRUCTION IN.= By H. ROWELL, with a chapter on soft soldering and brazing. 12mo., cloth, 75c.

* * * * *

JUST OUT.

293 pages, 298 illustrations, 8vo. Cloth, $1.00 net.

THE MODEL LIBRARY

VOL. I.

Consisting of the following four American books, with very complete general index.

=The Study of Electricity= and Its Laws for Beginners.

=How to Install Electric Bells=, Annunciators and Alarms.

=Dry Batteries=, How to Make and Use Them.

=Electrical Circuits= and Diagrams. Illustrated and explained.

* * * * *

25c. BOOKS.

=ELECTRICITY.= The study of, and its laws for beginners, comprising the laws of electric current generation and flow, Ohm's law, galvanism, magnetism, induction, principles of dynamos and motors, wiring, with explanations of simple mathematics as applied to electrical calculations. By N. H. SCHNEIDER. With 55 original illustrations and 6 tables.

=DRY BATTERIES.= A practical handbook on the designing, filling and finishing of dry batteries, with tables, for automobiles, gas engine, medical and coil work, electric bells, alarms, telephones, experiments and all purposes requiring a first-rate battery. Fully illustrated with 30 original drawings.

=ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND DIAGRAMS.= Being a selection of original up-to-date and practical diagrams for installing annunciators, alarms, bells, electric gas lighting, telephones, electric power light and wiring circuits, induction coils, gas engine igniters, dynamos and motors, armature windings. By N. H. SCHNEIDER.

=ELECTRIC BELLS AND ALARMS.= How to install them. By N. H. SCHNEIDER. Including batteries, wire and wiring, circuits, pushes, bells, burglar alarms, high and low water alarms, fire alarms, thermostats, annunciators, and the locating and remedying of faults. With 56 original diagrams.

=MODERN PRIMARY BATTERIES.= Their construction, use and maintenance, including batteries for telephones, telegraphs, motors, electric lights, induction coils, and for all experimental work. By N. H. SCHNEIDER. 94 pages, 55 illustrations. The best and latest American book on the subject.

=EXPERIMENTING WITH INDUCTION COILS.= H. S. NORRIE, author of "Induction Coils and Coil Making." A most instructive little book, full of practical and interesting experiments, fully explained in plain language with numerous hints and suggestions for evening entertainments. Arranged under the following headings: Introduction; The Handling of Ruhmkorff Coil; Experiments with Sparks; Effects in the Vacuum; Induction and Wireless Telegraphy. With 36 original illustrations. [In the press]

=SMALL ACCUMULATORS.= How made and used, by P. MARSHALL. Giving full descriptions how to make all the parts; assemble them, charge the cells and run them, with examples of their practical application. Useful receipts and memoranda and a glossary of technical terms. 80 pages, 40 illustrations, paper. = ELECTRIC GAS LIGHTING.= How to install Electric gas igniting apparatus including the jump spark and multiple systems for all purposes. Also the care and selection of suitable batteries, wiring and repairs, by H. S. NORRIE. 101 pages, 57 illustrations, paper.

=SIMPLE ELECTRICAL WORKING MODELS.= How to make them and how to use them. With 43 illustrations.

=TELEPHONES AND MICROPHONES.= Making and using simple forms of telephones and microphones, with 29 illustrations.

=SMALL ELECTRIC MOTORS.= How to make and use them, including design, examples of small motors, and their applications, speed controllers, starters, fuses, etc. 48 illustrations.

=ELECTRIC LIGHTING= for amateurs. The installation of electric light on a small scale, construction of lamps and lamp holders, switches, batteries and their connections. With 45 illustrations.

=INDUCTION COILS.= A practical handbook on the construction and use of shock and spark coils. With 35 illustrations.

=X-RAYS SIMPLY EXPLAINED.= The theory and practical application of Radiography. 10 illustrations and 6 plates.

=STATIC ELECTRICITY.= Simple experiments in. A series of instructive and entertaining electrical experiments with simple and inexpensive apparatus. With 51 illustrations.

=SIMPLE SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS.= How to perform entertaining and instructive experiments with simple home-made apparatus. With 59 Illustrations.

=SMALL ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS=, describing the making and using of the different instruments fully illustrated.

=SMALL DYNAMOS AND MOTORS.= How to make and use them. A practical handbook, by F. E. POWELL. Contents of Chapters: 1. General Considerations. 2. Field Magnets. 3. Armatures. 4. Commutators and Other Details. 5. Tables of Windings. 6. How to Build a Small Machine. 7. Useful Data. 8. Testing and Repairing. 76 pages, fully illustrated with detail drawings.

=UNIVERSAL TIME CARD MODEL.= By setting to the desired hour at any one place the movable model will show at a glance the actual time of all the other places in the world. Printed in two colors.

CROSS SECTION BOOKS 25c. each.

=THE HANDY SKETCHING BOOK.= Size 5◊8, scale 8 to 1 in. =THE HANDY SKETCHING PAD.= Size 8◊10, scale 8 to 1 in. =ELECTRICIANS' SKETCHING BOOK.= Size 5◊8, scale 10 to 1 in. =ELECTRICIANS' SKETCHING PAD.= Size 8◊10, scale 10 to 1 in. =PLOTTING PAD.= Size 9◊11, scale 16 to 1 in.

* * * * *

=ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS and TESTING.=

How to Use the Voltmeter, Ammeter, Galvanometer, Potentiometer, Ohmmeter, the Wheatstone Bridge, and the Standard Portable Testing Sets.

BY

NORMAN H. SCHNEIDER.

Author of "Care and Handling of Electric Plants," "Induction Coils and Coil Making," "Circuits and Diagrams," etc., etc.

The aim of the author has been to produce a complete and practical work on this important subject.

First describing the various forms of Electrical Testing and Measuring Instruments and their construction.

Secondly, their practical application to everyday work with numerous examples worked out.

Thirdly, detailing the many tests of insulation resistance, current and e.m.f. that can be made with a voltmeter.

Using only formulas in simple algebra and then explaining them in plain language for the benefit of practical men lacking a knowledge of mathematics.

During the past ten years the author has made hundreds of tests, which has made him familiar with the subject from the practical standpoint. He has also obtained valuable information and diagrams from the principal manufacturers of Testing Instruments. The apparatus described is modern and in universal use.

Most of the diagrams have been specially drawn for this book.

The work is divided into XI. chapters as follows:

Introduction; Chapters I. and II, The Galvanometer; III, Rheostats; IV, The Voltmeter; V, The Wheatstone Bridge; VI, Forms of Portable Sets; VII, Current Flow and e.m.f.; VIII, The Potentiometer; IX, Condensers; X, Cable Testing; XI, Testing with Voltmeter.

=230 pages, 105 illustrations and diagrams, 12mo., cloth, $1.00.=

* * * * *

EVERYBODY'S BOOK ON ELECTRICITY.

PRACTICAL ELECTRICS. A UNIVERSAL HANDY-BOOK ON EVERYDAY ELECTRICAL MATTERS.

FIFTH EDITION.

CONTENTS.

_Alarms._--Doors and Windows; Cisterns, Low Water in Boilers; Time Signals; Clocks. _Batteries._--Making; Cells; Bichromate; Bunsen; Callan's; Copper-oxide; Cruikshank's; Daniel's; Granule carbon; Groves; Insulite; LeclanchÈ; Lime Chromate; Silver Chloride; Smee; Thermo-electric. _Bells._--Annunciator System; Double System; and Telephone; Making; Magnet for; Bobbins or Coils; Trembling; Single Stroke; Continuous Ringing. _Connections. Carbons. Coils._--Induction; Primary; Secondary; Contact-breakers; Resistance. Intensity Coils.--Reel; Primary; Secondary; Core; Contact-breaker; Condenser; Pedestal; Commutator; Connections. _Dynamo-Electric Machines._--Relation of Speed to Power; Field-Magnets; Pole-pieces; Field-magnet Coils; Armature Cores and Coils; Commutator Collectors and Brushes; Relation of size to efficiency; Methods of exciting Field-Magnets; Magneto-Dynamos; Separately excited Dynamos; Shunt Dynamos; Organs of Dynamos as constructed in practice; Field-Magnets; Armatures; Collectors; Brush Dynamo; Second Class; Alternate Currents; Third Class. _Fire Risks._--The Dynamo; Wires; Lamps; Danger to persons. _Measuring._--Non-Registering Instruments; Registering Instruments. _Microphones._--Construction, &c. _Motors._--Application; for Railways. _Phonographs. Photophones. Storage._--Plates. _Terminals._--Charging. _Telephones._--Forms; Circuits and Calls; Transmitter and Switch; Switch for Simplex.

135 PAGES. 126 ILLUSTRATIONS. 8 VO. Cloth, 75 Cents.

* * * * *

AN AMERICAN BOOK.

INDUCTION COILS and COIL MAKING.

Second edition thoroughly revised, greatly enlarged and brought up to latest American Practice,

BY H. S. NORRIE, (NORMAN H. SCHNEIDER)

Considerable space in the new matter is given to the following: Medical and bath coils, gas engine and spark coils, contact breakers, primary and secondary batteries; electric gas lighting; new method of X-ray work, etc. A complete chapter on up-to-date wireless telegraphy; a number of new tables and 25 original illustrations. Great care has been given to the revision to make this book the best American work on the subject. A very complete index, contents, list of illustrations and contents of tables have been added.

Contents of Chapters.

1. Construction of coils; sizes of wire; winding; testing; insulation; general remarks; medical and spark coils. 2. Contact breakers. 3. Insulation and cements. 4. Construction of condensers. 5. Experiments. 6. Spectrum analysis. 7. Currents in vacuo; air pumps. 8. Rotating effects. 9. Electric gas lighting; in multiple; in series. 10. Primary batteries for coils; varieties; open circuit cells; closed circuit cells; solutions. 11. Storage or secondary batteries; construction; setting up; charging. 12. Tesla and Hertz effects. 13. Roentgen Radiography. 14. Wireless telegraphy; arrangement of circuits of coil and coherer for sending and receiving messages; coherers; translating devices; air conductors; tables; contents; index.

XII + 270 Pages, 79 Illustrations, 5 ◊ 6-1/2 Inches. Cloth. $1.00.

* * * * *

PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL POWER. (CONTINUOUS CURRENT.) FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERS.

BY A. H. BATE, A.M.I.E.E.

The rapid progress that has been made of late years in the application of electricity to industrial purposes, and particularly in the transmission of power by means of the electric motor, has made it imperative for every engineer who wishes to keep up to date to have some knowledge of the way electrical currents are controlled and used for practical purposes. This work is especially written for the practical engineer, mathematics being avoided.

Contents of Chapters.

1. The Electric Motor. 2. Magnetic Principles. 3. Electrical Measurements. 4. The Dynamo. 5. Construction of Motor. 6. Governing of Motors. 7. Open and Closed Motors; rating. 8. Motor Starting Switches. 9. Speed Control of Shunt-wound Motors. 10. Series Motor Control. 11. Distribution System. 12. Installing and Connections. 13. Care of Dynamos and Motors. 14. Cost of Plant. 15. Examples of Electric Driving.

Horse-power absorbed by various machines, including general engineering and shipyard machines; wood working and printing machinery (arranged in 14 pages of tables).

XII + 204 pages, 63 illustrations, 12 mo. cloth. $2.00.

* * * * *

THE PRACTICAL ENGINEER'S HANDBOOK. TO THE CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

By NORMAN H. SCHNEIDER, _Chief Engineer, "White City," Colingwood, Ohio_.

EXTRACTS FROM PREFACE.

In revising the first edition of Power Plants the author decided to greatly enlarge it in the hope that it will have a still greater success than the first one. The section on theory is thoroughly revised. A complete chapter on Standard Wiring including new tables and original diagrams added. The National Fire Underwriters' rules condensed and simple explanations given.

Direct and alternating current motors have been given a special chapter and modern forms of starting rheostats described at length. The principles of alternators have been considered also transformers and their applications. Modern testing instruments and their use are given a separate chapter. New matter has been added to storage batteries including charging of automobile batteries, 10 new tables, and 137 new illustrations.

SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.

1. THE ELECTRIC CURRENT; series and multiple connections; resistance of circuits; general explanation of formulas.

2. STANDARD WIRING; wiring formulas and tables; wiring systems; cut-outs; conduits; panel boxes; correct methods of wiring.

3. DIRECT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATORS; management in the power house; windings; selection of generators.

4. MOTORS AND MOTOR STARTERS; various forms of motors; controllers; care of motors and their diseases; rules for installing.

5. TESTING AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS; voltmeter testing and connections; instruments used; switchboard instruments.

6. THE STORAGE BATTERY; different kinds; switchboards for charging fixed and movable batteries; management of battery.

7. THE INCANDESCENT LAMP; various methods of testing; life of lamps.

8. ENGINEERING NOTES; belts and pulleys h.p. of belts. Tables. Contents. Index.

290 pages, 203 illustrations. 12mo., cloth, $1.50. Full limp leather, $2.50.

* * * * *

Design of Dynamos

BY SILVANUS P. THOMPSON, D. Sc., B. A., F. R. S.

EXTRACTS FROM PREFACE.

"The present work is purposely confined to continuous current generators. The calculations and data being expressed in inch measures; but the author has adopted throughout the decimal subdivision of the inch; small lengths being in mils, and small areas of cross-section in sq. mils, or, sometimes, also, in circular mils."

CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.

1. DYNAMO DESIGN AS AN ART.

2. MAGNETIC DATA AND CALCULATIONS. Causes of waste of Power. Coefficients of Dispersion. Calculation of Dispersion. Determination of exciting ampere-turns. Example of Calculation.

3. COPPER CALCULATIONS. Weight of Copper Wire. Electrical resistance of Copper, in cube, strip, rods, etc. Space-factors. Coil Windings; Ends; Insulation; Ventilating; Heating.

4. INSULATING MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES. A list of materials, including "Armalac," "Vitrite," "Petrifite," "Micanite," "Vulcabeston," "Stabilite," "Megohmite," etc. With tables.

5. ARMATURE WINDING SCHEMES. Lap Windings, Ring Windings, Wave Windings, Series Ring-Windings, Winding FormulÊ. Number of circuits. Equalizing connections. COLORED PLATES.

6. ESTIMATION OF LOSSES, HEATING AND PRESSURE-DROP. Copper Losses, Iron Losses, Excitation Losses, Commutator Losses, Losses through sparking. Friction and Windage Losses. Secondary Copper Losses.

7. THE DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS CURRENT DYNAMOS. Working Constants and Trial Values; Flux-densities; Length of Air-gap; Number of Poles; Current Densities; Number of Armature Conductors; Number of Commutator Segments; Size of Armature (Steinmetz coefficient); Assignment of Losses of Energy; Centrifugal Forces; Calculation of Binding Wires; Other procedure in design. Criteria of a good design. Specific utilization of material.

8. EXAMPLES OF DYNAMO DESIGN.

1. Shunt-wound multipolar machine, with slotted drum armature. 2. Over-compounded Multipolar traction generator, with slotted drum armature, with general specifications, tables, dimensions and drawings, fully described.

A number of examples of generators are given in each chapter, fully worked out with rules, tables and data.

VIII. ◊ 253 pages, 92 illustrations, 10 large folding plates and 4 THREE-COLOR PLATES, 8vo., cloth, $3.50.

* * * * *

Dynamo-Electric Machinery

VOL. I.--CONTINUOUS CURRENT.

BY SILVANUS P. THOMPSON, D.Sc., B.A., F.R.S.

7th Edition Revised and Greatly Enlarged.

CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.

1. Introductory. 2. Historical Notes. 3. Physical Theory of Dynamo-Electric Machines. 4. Magnetic Principles; and the Magnetic Properties of Iron. 5. Forms of Field-Magnets. 6. Magnetic Calculations as Applied to Dynamo Machines. 7. Copper Calculations; Coil Windings. 8. Insulating Materials and their Properties. 9. Actions and Reactions in the Armature. 10. Commutation; Conditions of Suppression of Sparking. 11. Elementary Theory of the Dynamo, Magneto and Separately Excited Machines, Self-exciting Machines. 12. Characteristic Curves. 13. The Theory of Armature Winding. 14. Armature Construction. 15. Mechanical Points in Design and Construction. 16. Commutators, Brushes and Brush-Holders. 17. Losses, Heating and Pressure-Drop. 18. The Design of Continuous Current Dynamos. 19. Analysis of Dynamo Design. 20. Examples of Modern Dynamos (Lighting and Traction). 21. Dynamos for Electro-Metallurgy and Electro-Plating. 22. Arc-Lighting Dynamos and Rectifiers. 23. Special Types of Dynamos; Extra High Voltage Machines, Steam-Turbine Machines, Extra Low Speed Machines, Exciters, Double-Current Machines, Three-Wire Machines, Homopolar (Unipolar) Machines, Disk Dynamos. 24. Motor-Generators and Boosters. 25. Continuous-Current Motors. 26. Regulators, Rheostats, Controllers and Starter. 27. Management and Testing of Dynamos. Appendix, Wire Gauge Tables. Index.

996 pages, 573 illustrations, 4 colored plates, 32 large folding plates. 8vo., cloth. $7.50.[++]

* * * * *

Alternating-Current Machinery

BEING VOL. II OF

Dynamo-Electric Machinery.

BY SILVANUS P. THOMPSON, D.Sc., B.A., F.R.S.

Owing to the enormous increase in the use of electrical machinery since the publication of the sixth edition of DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINERY the author has deemed it advisable to divide the work. Vol. I. is devoted to DIRECT CURRENT MACHINERY and this the second part. Vol. II. ALTERNATING CURRENT MACHINERY. Amongst the many new features treated special mention must be made of the number of fine colored plates of windings and the many large folding scale drawings. These two volumes make the most comprehensive and authoritative work on dynamo machinery. The work has been so universally adopted that it has been found necessary to translate it into French and German.

CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.

1. Principles of Alternating Currents. 2. Periodic Functions. 3. Alternators. 4. Induced E.M.F. and Wave-Forms of Alternators. 5. Magnetic Leakage and Armature Reaction. 6. Winding Schemes for Alternators. 7. Design of Alternators. Compounding of Alternators. 8. Examples of Modern Alternators. 9. Steam Turbine Alternators. 10. Synchronous Motors, Motor Generators, Converters. 11. Parallel Running of Alternators. 12. Transformers. 13. Design of Transformers. 14. Induction Motors. 15. Design of Induction Motors. 16. Examples of Induction Motors. 17. Single-Phase Induction Motors. 18. Alternating-Current Commutator Motors. Appendix. The Standardization of Voltages and Frequencies. Complete Index.

XX + 848 pages, 546 illustrations, 15 colored plates and 24 large folding plates. 8vo., cloth. $7.50[++].

* * * * *

Books for Steam Engineers.

=DIAGRAM OF CORLISS ENGINE.= A large engraving giving a longitudinal section of the Corliss engine cylinder, showing relative positions of the piston, steam valves, exhaust valves, and wrist plates when cut-off takes place at 1/4 stroke for each 15 degrees of the circle. With full particulars. Reach-rods and rock shafts. The circle explained. Wrist-plates and eccentrics. Explanation of figures, etc. Printed on heavy paper, size 13 in. ◊ 19 in., =25c.=

=THE CORLISS ENGINE= and its Management. A Practical Handbook for young engineers and firemen, (3rd edition) by J. T. HENTHORN. A good little book, containing much useful and practical information. =Illustrated, cloth, $1.00.=

=THE FIREMAN'S GUIDE= to the Care and Management of Boilers, by KARL P. DAHLSTROM, M.E., covering the following subjects: Firing and Economy of Fuel; Feed and Water Line: Low Water and Priming: Steam Pressure: Cleaning and Blowing Out; General Directions. A thoroughly practical book. =Cloth, 50c.=

=A B C OF THE STEAM ENGINE.= With a description of the automatic shaft governor, with six large scale drawings. A practical handbook for firemen helpers and young engineers, giving a set of detail drawings all numbered and lettered and with names and particulars of all parts of an up-to-date American high speed stationary steam engine. Also a large drawing and full description of the automatic shaft governor. With notes and practical hints. This work will prove of great help to all young men who wish to obtain their engineer's license. =Cloth, price 50c.=

=HOW TO RUN ENGINES AND BOILERS.= By E. P. WATSON, (for many years a practical engineer, and a well-known writer in _The Engineer_.) A first-rate book for beginners, firemen and helpers. Commencing from the beginning, showing how to thoroughly overhaul a plant, foundations, lining up machinery, setting valves, vacuum, eccentrics, connection, bearings, fittings, cleaning boilers, water tube boilers, running a plant, and many useful rules, hints and other practical information; many thousands already sold. =160 pages, fully illustrated, cloth, $1.00.=

=AMMONIA REFRIGERATION.= By I. I. REDWOOD. A practical work of reference for engineers and others employed in the management of ice and refrigerating machinery. A first-rate book, beginning from the bottom and going carefully through the various processes, stage by stage, with many tables and original illustrations. =Cloth, $1.00.=

=MEYER SLIDE VALVE.= Position diagram of cylinder with cutoff at 1/8, 1/4, 3/8 and 1/2 stroke of piston with movable valves, on card 7-1/2 in. ◊ 5-1/2 in. =Price, 25c.=

* * * * *

AN ELEMENTARY TEXT-BOOK ON STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS, FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS IN SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.

BY J. H. KINEALY. _Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University._

Illustrated with Diagrams and Numerous Cuts, Showing American Types and Details of Engines and Boilers.

This book is written solely as an elementary text-book for the use of beginners and students in engineering, but more specially for the students in the various universities and colleges in this country.

No attempt has been made to tell everything about any one particular subject, but the author has endeavored to give the student an idea of elementary thermodynamics, of the action of the steam in the cylinder of the engine, of the motion of the steam valve, of the differences between the various types of engines and boilers, of the generation of heat by combustion, and the conversion of water into steam.

Care has been taken not to touch upon the design and proportion of the various parts of engines and boilers for strength; as, in the opinion of the writer, that should come after a general knowledge of the engine and boiler has been obtained.

In the derivation of some of the formulÊ in thermodynamics, it has been necessary to use the calculus, but the use of all mathematics higher than algebra and geometry has been avoided as much as possible.

An earnest endeavor has been made to present the subject in a clear and concise manner, using as few words as possible and avoiding all padding.

CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.