Chapter 109

nominated for sec. of state, 1871, 264; elected, 275.

Seceders, Barnburners from Hunkers, ii. 127; Silver-Grays from Seward Whigs, 155; Dem. senators from state senate, 163; Hunkers from Barnburners, 180; anti-slavery members from Softs, 197; Wood delegation from Dem. state con., 249.

Secretary of state, stepping stone to Presidency, i. 364.

Sedgwick, Charles B., character of, iii. 55; candidate for U.S. senate, 1863, 55; defeated, 55.

Selden, Henry S., nominated for lt.-gov., ii. 237; family of, 237; character and career of, 236-7.

Suggested for U.S. senate, 1863, iii. 55; nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1863, 76; elected, 83; joins Lib. Rep. party, 284; attends its Nat. con., 284; opposes scheme of Fenton, 284.

Selden, Samuel L., nominated for Court of Appeals, ii. 211; elected, 219; brother of Henry R., 237; character and career of, 237-8.

Selkreg, John H., Ithaca _Journal_, a leading Rep. editor, iii. 414.

Senate, state, number of members in first, i. 9; election of, 9; how apportioned, 9; powers of, 9; model of, 9; who could vote for, 9.

Senate, United States, its enormous power, i. 118; membership in it preferred to the governorship, 364; years of its greatness, 386.

Senators, United States, service of Rufus King, 1789-96, i. 44; Philip Schuyler, 1789-91, 44; Aaron Burr, 1791-7, 49; John Lawrence, 1796-1801, 70; Philip Schuyler, 1797-8, 70; John Sloss Hobart, 1798, 70; William North, 1798, 70; James Watson, 1798-1800, 70; Gouverneur Morris, 1800-3, 71; John Armstrong, 1801-2, 118; DeWitt Clinton, 1802-3, 118; John Armstrong, 1803-4, 118; Theodorus Bailey, 1804, 156; Samuel L. Mitchell, 1804-9, 170; John Smith, 1804-15, 170; Obadiah German, 1809-15, 170; Rufus King, 1815-27, 211, 269; Nathan Sanford, 1815-21, 233; Martin Van Buren, 1821-8, 286; Charles B. Dudley, 1829-33, 383; Nathan Sanford, 1827-31, 347; William L. Marcy, 1831-2, 385.

Silas Wright, 1833-44, ii. 1, 65; Nathaniel P. Tallmadge, 1833-44, 39; Daniel S. Dickinson, 1845-51, 93; Henry A. Foster, 1844-5, 93; John A. Dix, 1845-9, 93; William H. Seward, 1849-61, 145, 205; Hamilton Fish, 1851-7, 162; Preston King, 1857-63, 243; Ira Harris, 1861-7, 365.

Edwin D. Morgan, 1863-9, iii. 55; Roscoe Conkling, 1867-81, 171, 305, 397; Reuben E. Fenton, 1869-75, 222; Francis Kernan, 1875-81, 321; Thomas C. Platt, 1881, 468; Warner Miller, 1881-7, 481; Elbridge G. Lapham, 1881-5, 482.

Sessions, Loren B., a state senator, iii. 437; decides to vote for Blaine, 1880, 437; severely criticised, 437; charged with bribery, 1881, 480; acquitted, 480, note.

Seward, Frederick W., nominated for sec. of state, 1874, iii. 325; defeated, 331.

Seward, William H., elected state senator, i. 377; appearance of, 377; career and character of, 378; his boyhood, 378; gifts, 378; an active Clintonian, 379; first meeting with Weed, 379; Weed on, 380; joined Anti-Masons, 380; visits John Quincy Adams, 380; Whigs nominate for gov., 1834, 402; fitness and red hair, 402-3; bright prospects of election, 402-3; defeated, 404; indifference of, 405.

Nominated for gov., 1838, ii. 19-21; elected, 29; accepts Weed's dictatorship, 31-3, 36-8; first message of, 34-5; tribute to DeWitt Clinton, 35; prophetic of Erie canal, 36; renominated, 1840, 42; elected, 45; weakness of, 45; reasons for, 48-50; declines renomination, 50-1; unhappy, 1844, 84-5; predicts disunion, 86; Clay's Alabama letter, 87-8; on Wilmot Proviso, 102; absence of, from constitutional con., 1846, 104-5; picture of candidates, 1846, 121; on the stump, 1848, 141-3; first meeting with Lincoln, 143; elected U.S. senator, 145-7; gratitude to Weed, 148; opposes compromises, 1850, 152; higher law speech, 152; Whigs approve his course, 153-5; opposes repeal of Missouri Compromise, 190-3; Blair on, 192-3; opposed a Rep. party, 1854, 200; re-elected to U.S. senate, 205-7; Raymond on, 205; _Evening Post_ on, 205; opposed by Know-Nothings, 205-6; gratitude to Weed, 208; speech for Rep. party, 217-8; criticised, 219-20; speech on Kansas, 225-6; declined nomination for President, 229-32; hinted Weed betrayed him, 230; grouty, 239; suspicions of trimming, 252; irrepressible conflict speech, 252-3; criticism of, 254; goes to Europe, 260-1; bill to admit Kansas, 261; speech on, 265-7; criticised as bid for Presidency, 267-8; Phillips, Garrison, and Greeley on, 268; confident of nomination for President, 1860, 283-4; on Greeley's fidelity, 284, note; character of opposition, 285; defeated on third ballot, 289; sorrow of friends, 290, note; personal bearing of, 291-3; letter to wife, 292; to Weed, 291-3; Greeley's letter, 1854, 311-17; its effect upon him, 317; admits Greeley should have had an office, 323; vindictiveness of, 323, 386; in New England, 328; in the West, 329; climax of career, 329; predicted Alaska purchase, 330; on threats of disunion, 334; as to Weed's compromise, 368, 380; waiting to hear from Lincoln, 368-9; on Buchanan's message, 369-70; offered secretaryship of state, 370; generally anticipated, 370; Weed saw Lincoln for, 371; Astor House speech, 371-3; opposes Crittenden Compromise, 373-4; answers Jefferson Davis, 376-7; non-committalism, 377-9; purpose of, 377-8; Whittier's poem on, 378; speech criticised, 379; secession in White House, 379; controversy with Mason of Virginia, 381-2; brilliant and resourceful, 383; modifies Lincoln's inaugural address, 384-5; a blow at Curtin, 386; opposes Chase, 386; declines to enter Cabinet, 386; tenacious as to patronage, 390; conference with Harris and President, 390, 396, 397; Barney's appointment, 390-7; President or Premier, 397; secures all important offices, 398; Dickinson's appointment, 399-401.

Disapproves relief of Fort Sumter, iii. 1; orders arrests, 19; favours Dix for gov., 1862, 41; position in Cabinet, 41; views on emancipation, 41; opposes Wadsworth, 50; criticism of Seymour, 83; relations with Lincoln, 84-5; humorous illustration of, 84; Radicals resent his influence with Lincoln, 89; influence in state lessened, 89; supports Johnson, 143; favours Philadelphia con., 1866, 143; shares Raymond's unpopularity, 146; influence with the President, 146; writes veto messages, 147; speech of May 22, 1866, 147; a leader without a party, 149; criticised in Rep. state con., 1866, 151; his home speech, 1868, 212.

Seymour, David L., character and career of, ii. 232-3; at Charleston con., 272.

Seymour, Henry, elected canal commissioner, i. 261; deprives Clinton of patronage, 261.

Seymour, Horatio, leading Conservative, ii. 53; member of Assembly, 60; report on canal, 61; legislative skill and influence, 61; appearance, 61; Hoffman and, 63; elected speaker of Assembly, 91-2; poise and gifts, 91; beginning of leadership, 91; controls in election of U.S. senators, 93; fight over fourth constitutional con., 99; harmonises Hunkers and Barnburners, 149; John Van Buren, 150; nominated for gov., 1850, 156; defeated, 158; supports Marcy for President, 1852, 169-72; nominated for gov., 1852, 172-3; Conkling on, 172; elected, 178; secures canal constitutional amendment, 183-4; approved by Barnburners, 184; renominated for gov., 1854, 197; vetoes Maine liquor law, 199; defeated, 203; pleads for Softs at Nat. con., 226-8; leader of united party, 232; condemns Rep. party, 239, note; declines nomination for gov., 1858, 249; Richmond's choice for President at Charleston, 276, 298, note, 299; name withdrawn at Baltimore, 301; at Softs' state con., 325; at Dem. state peace con., 354; sentiments of, 355-6, and note.

View on war issues, iii. 27-9; opposes a Union state con., 1861, 15; nominated for gov., 1862, 38; prefers another, 38; Richmond's appeal to, 38; his influence, 40; speech of acceptance, 40; criticised, 44, 45; speaks in campaign, 47; resents Raymond's attack, 47; elected, 51; not a member of the Union league, 61; inaugural address, 61; views about the war, 62; Lincoln's letter to, 63; his opinion of President, 63; fails to write Lincoln, 64; vetoes bill allowing soldiers to vote, 64; criticises arrest of Vallandigham, 65; sends troops to Gettysburg, 66; refuses to reply to Lincoln's thanks, 67; Fourth of July speech, 67; draft-riot, 68; speech to rioters, 68; calls them "friends," 68; no complicity, 69; influence of his speech, 69; his use of the word "friends," 69; cause of embarrassment, 70; views about the draft, 70; dilatoriness of, 70; his letter to Lincoln, 71; dreary speech, 79, note; severely criticised, 80-1; charged with nepotism, 80; speeches in reply, 81-2; message of, 1864, 98-100; a bid for the presidency, 100; heads delegation to Dem. nat. con., 1864, 101; war depression favours, 107; his journey to Chicago, 107; candidacy for President, 107; opposed by Richmond, 107; dislike of McClellan, 107; delegation supports him until defeat is certain, 108; refuses to vote for McClellan, 108; ch'm. of con., 110; his speech, 110-12; delivery of, 111; renominated for gov., 1864, 117-9; Richmond fooled, 119; criticises Lincoln, 123; defeated, 125; supports President Johnson, 133; ch'm. Dem. state con., 1867, 179; on payment of U.S. bonds, 181; drops Johnson, 182; on canal frauds, 183; on negro suffrage, 186-7; president of Nat. Dem. con., 1868, 197; favours Chase for President, 198; approved platform with negro suffrage, 198; refuses to be candidate for President, 200; nominated, 201; much affected, 201; accepts, 204; criticism, 205; high character of, 208; tours the West, 211; defeated, 214; but carries New York, 215; evidences of fraud in election, 215-8; in Dem. state con., 1871, 270; shabbily treated, 270; absent from Dem. state con., 1872, 287; also from Dem. Nat. con., 1872, 287; advises Tilden not to run for gov., 311; writes platform, 1874, 314; nominated for gov., 1876, 346; declines, 346; Tam. urges him for President, 1880, 451; preferred a funeral to a nomination, 451.

Seymour, Horatio, Jr., nominated for state eng., 1877, iii. 384; elected, 387; renominated, 1879, 424; elected, 427.

Seymour, Silas, nominated for state eng., 1882, iii. 485; elected, 486.

Sharpe, George H., holds office of surveyor of port of New York, iii. 399; successor appointed, 1877, 399; suggests Arthur for Vice President, 1880, 444; Conkling objects to it, 444; fails to get Conkling to present Arthur's name, 444; secures Woodford to do it, 444; character and services, 464; elected speaker of the Assembly, 464; supports Crowley for U.S. Senate, 1881, 465; urges Conkling to seek re-election at Albany, 1881, 481; prophecy of Payn, 481, note; aids election of Miller for U.S. senator, 481.

Sharpe, Peter B., speaker of Assembly, i. 262; unfriendly to canal, 261-2; opposition silenced, 262; approves Tompkins' war accounts, 276; opposes Jackson, 357; nominated for Assembly, 1827, 358.

Shaw, Samuel M., Cooperstown _Freeman's Journal_, a leading Dem. editor, iii. 420.

Sheldon, Alexander, speaker of Assembly, i. 194; charges Southwick with bribery, 194.

Sherman, John, aids Cornell's election as gov., 1879, iii. 427; reply to criticisms, 427, note; indignant over Arthur's nomination for Vice President, 445, note.

Sherwood, Henry, nominated for speaker of Assembly, 1863, iii. 53; defeated, 53.

"Short-hairs," faction of Tam., iii. 325, note.

Sickles, Daniel E., member of the Hards, ii. 209; represented Tam., 249.

Early life of, iii. 8; offers services to Government, 8; interview with President, 9, note; del. to Rep. nat. con., 1868, 192; ch'm. of New York delegation, 192; supports Fenton, 193; destroys the Erie-Gould ring, 293.

Sigel, Franz, named for sec. of state, 1869, iii. 226; defeated, 227.

Silliman, Benjamin D., nominated for atty.-gen., 1873, iii. 308; defeated, 309.

Silver-Grays, faction of Whig party, ii. 155; origin of name, 155; secede from Whig con., 1850, 155; hold con. at Utica, 155-6; indorse Hunt for gov., 156; become Know-Nothings, 202, 204; also Hards, 204; defeated Reps., 1855, 219; finally absorbed by other parties, 332.

Skinner, Roger, member of Council, i. 288; U.S. judge, 294; member of Albany Regency, 294.

Skinner, William I., nominated for canal com., 1862, iii. 41, note; elected, 51.

Slavery, Jay fails to recommend abolition of, i. 68, 111; abolished by Legislature of New York, 111; agitation against, ii. 5-10; Beardsley heads a mob, 6; state anti-slavery society formed, 8; Van Buren's attitude toward, 10-12; Wilmot Proviso, 102; Free-soil movement, 126-44; prohibition of, in Territories, 282; platform of Rep. party, 282.

Sloan, George B., career and character, iii. 417; elected speaker of Assembly, 1877, 417; defeated for speaker, 1879, 407, 417; votes for Cornell, 1879, 417; resented, 417.

Slocum, Henry W., record of, iii. 128; nominated for sec. of state, 1865, 129; defeated, 135; aspires to be gov., 1879, 421; defeated by Robinson, 423; presented for gov., 1882, 488; favoured by Manning, 489; charges against, 489; contest with Flower, 491; elected congressman-at-large, 1882, 498, note.

Smith, Alexander, brigadier-general, relieves Stephen Van Rensselaer on Niagara frontier, i. 222; character and failure of, 222.

Smith, Carroll E., Syracuse _Journal_, a leading Rep. editor, iii. 413-4.

Smith, Charles E., Albany _Journal_, a leading Rep. editor, iii. 413; ch'm. of Rep. state con., 1880, 430; character and career, 430-2.

Smith, Gerrit, career and gifts of, ii. 7-8; Weed on, 7-8; wealth of, 7; becomes an Abolitionist, 8; generosity of, 8; organises state anti-slavery society, 8; influence, 1838, 25; 1844, 83; rescues a fugitive, 165; elected to Congress, 179.

Del. to Rep. nat. con., 1872, iii. 291; boasts that delegation is without an office-holder, 291.

Smith, Henry, known as "Hank," iii. 250; leader of Tam. Reps., 250; controversy over, 255-63.

Smith, James C., at peace congress, ii. 350.

Smith, Melancthon, member of Poughkeepsie con., i. 33; ablest opponent of Federal Constitution, 34; Fiske on, 34; wisdom of suggestions, 34; change of mind, 35; supports Clinton for gov., 1789, 43.

Smith, Peter, father of Gerrit, ii. 7; large landowner, 7.

Smith, William S., appointed U.S. marshal, i. 44.

Smyth, John F., forsakes Pomeroy, 1879, iii. 416; calls a snap con., 1880, 429; career and character, 429-30; supports Crowley for U.S. Senate, 1881, 465; ch'm. Rep. state com., 1882, 494; disclaimed any part in fraud and treachery, 498; overwhelmingly defeated, 498.

Social Democratic party, state con., 1877, iii. 384.

Softs, name of Dem. faction, ii. 185; successors to Barnburners, 185; why so called, 185; ticket defeated, 1853, 189; strained position as to repeal of Missouri Compromise, 196; withdrawal of anti-slavery leaders, 197; Seymour renominated for gov. by, 197-8; defeated, 203; disapproved extension of slavery, 210; became pro-slavery, 226; humiliated at Nat. con., 226-8; Seymour pleads for, 226-8; unite with Hards, 232; support Buchanan and Parker, 232; Wood captures their state con., 257; Dickinson yields to, 258; control at Charleston and Baltimore, 270-9, 294-303; hold separate state con., 1860, 325-6; nominated Kelley for gov., 326; fuse with Constitutional Union party, 326-7.

Soldiers' vote, scheme to defraud, 1864, iii. 124.

Soule, Howard, nominated for state eng., 1877, iii. 377; defeated, 387; renominated, 1879, 416; defeated, 427.

Southern fire-eaters, threats of disunion, ii. 261; reward for heads of Rep. leaders, 264-5.

Southern press, criticism of New York City, 1861, iii. 10.

Southwick, Solomon, character and gifts of, i. 154; career, 154, 192-3; connection with Bank of America, 191, 193-4; indicted and acquitted, 194; becomes postmaster, 239; opposes Tompkins for President, 230; runs for gov., 1822, 316; strange career of, 316-7; without support, 319; without votes, 320; nominated for gov., 1828, 364; defeated, 368.

Spaulding, Elbridge G., career of, ii. 188; nominated treas. of state, 188; "father of the greenback," 188; elected state treas., 189; at birth of Rep. party, 214; presents petition for peace, 350.

Member of Ways and Means com., iii. 32; drafts legal tender act, 32; opposed by Conkling, 32; aided by sec. of treas., 33; bill becomes a law, 33; defeated for Congress, 1876, 350.

Spencer, Ambrose, appearance of, i. 55-6; asst. atty.-gen., 70; changes his politics, 87; reasons for, 88; relative of Chancellor Livingston, 88; member of Council of Appointment, 107; atty.-gen., 117; on Supreme Court, 117; appointment alarms Federalists, 117; reasons for, 117-8; character of, 118; attack on Foote, 120; assailed by Van Ness, 125; opposes the Merchants' Bank, 148; votes for Clinton for President, 167; opposes charter of Merchants' Bank, 189; and Bank of America, 195; breaks with DeWitt Clinton, 197; opposes him for President, 202-4; denounced by Clinton, 204; friend of Armstrong, 216; distrusted by Tompkins, 216-7; opposes Van Buren for atty.-gen., 232; relations with Tompkins strained, 233; favours Armstrong for U.S. Senate, 233; becomes a candidate, 233; beaten by Van Buren, 233; breaks with Tompkins, 237; relations renewed with Clinton, 245; brother-in-law of, 245; declares for him for gov., 246; forces a broader party caucus, 250; work in constitutional con., 1821, 299-310; Yates' treatment of, 322; later career and death, 322-3.

Spencer, Daniel C., nominated for canal com., 1876, iii. 339; defeated, 350.

Spencer, John C., son of Ambrose Spencer, i. 263; gifts, character, and career of, 263-5; likeness to Calhoun, 264; home at Canandaigua, 264; DeWitt Clinton's opinion of, 264; candidate for U.S. Senate, 266-7; defeated, 267; fails to become atty.-gen., 274; speaker of Assembly, 276; opposes Tompkins' accounts, 276; headed electoral ticket, 1832, 393.

Seward's reliance upon, ii. 34; sec. of state, 36; ambitious to go to U.S. Senate, 38; sec. of war, 48; breaks with Weed, 48; with Scott at Albany, 176.

Spencer, Joshua A., defeated for U.S. Senate, ii. 38.

Spinner, Francis B., nominated for state comp., 1874, iii. 325; defeated, 331; nominated for sec. of state, 1877, 384; defeated, 387.

"Stalwarts," title of faction in Rep. party, 1880, iii. 429; use of regretted, 482.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, daughter of Daniel Cady, i. 169; gifts of, 169.

Starin, John H., aspires to be gov., 1879, iii. 414; career of, 414 and note; name presented for gov., 1882, 492; defeated, 494.

State debt, Hoffman's estimate of, 1846, ii. 108-9.

Steam navigation, history of its inception, i. 75-6.

Stephens, Alexander H., predicts civil war, ii. 279.

Stevens, Samuel, ancestry and career of, i. 376; nominated for lt.-gov., 376; defeated, 377; energy of, 390; renominated for lt.-gov., 1832, 393.

Stevens, Thaddeus, approves legal tender act, iii. 32; dislike of Johnson, 132; opposes his policy, 137; defeats Raymond, 141.

Stewart, Alvan, nominated for gov., ii. 82; character and career of, 82-3; defeated, 89; increasing strength, 89.

Stewart, William, brother-in-law of George Clinton, i. 117; made asst. atty.-gen., 117.

Stillwell, Silas M., nominated for lt.-gov., i. 402; character and career of, 402; defeated, 404.

Stranahan, Ferrand, member of Council, i. 231.

Stroud, Reuben W., nominated for canal com., 1872, iii. 296; elected, 302; renominated, 1874, 315; defeated, 319.

Suffrage, restrictions of under first constitution, i. 9.

Sumner, Charles, assaulted by Brooks, ii. 225; Seward on, 225; excitement in North, 226; leads radicals in U.S. Senate, iii. 14; opposes President Johnson, 128; removed from Com. on Foreign Affairs, 278.

Sutherland, Jacob, appointed Supreme Court judge, i. 322.

"Swallow-tails," faction of Tam., iii. 325; history of name, 325.

Swartwout, John, dist.-atty., i. 117, 121; challenges DeWitt Clinton, 127; wounded twice, 127; leader of Burrites, 152.

Sweeny, Peter B., known as Peter Brains Sweeny, iii. 177; Tweed's reliance upon, 177; begins, 1857, as dist.-atty., 177; the Mephistopheles of Tam., 178; hidden from sight, 178; city chamberlain, 178; cost of confirmation, 178; author of Tweed charter, 228; takes position of most lucre, 229; exposure of startling crime, 246; resigns from office, 1871, 247; escapes to Europe with plunder, 248; compromises and returns, 248, note.

Sweet, Sylvanus H., nominated for state eng., 1865, iii. 129; defeated, 135; renominated, 1873, 309; elected, 309.

Sylvester, Francis, nominated for state comp., 1877, iii. 377; defeated, 387.

Talcott, Samuel A., atty.-gen., i. 289; career and appearance of, 289-94; genius of, 290; compared to Hamilton, 290; Chief Justice Marshall on, 290; opposed Webster in Snug Harbour case, 290; close relations with Butler, 291; original member of Albany Regency, 293-4; death of, 294.

Tallmadge, Fred A., elected to state senate, ii. 16; nominated for clerk to Court of Appeals, 1862, iii. 41, note; elected, 51.

Tallmadge, James, opposition to Missouri Compromise, i. 274; applicant for atty.-gen., 274; hostility to DeWitt Clinton, 274; work in constitutional con., 1821, 299-310; applicant for state comp., 321; beaten by Marcy, 321; supported Adams, 1824, 324; voted for Clinton's removal as canal com., 328-9; great mistake, 329; nominated for lt.-gov., 331; in constitutional con., 1846, ii. 103.

Tallmadge, Nathaniel P., opponent of Regency, i. 358; sent to Assembly, 358; in U.S. Senate, ii. 1; attitude toward slavery, 11; endorsed Seward for gov., 24-5; nominated for U.S. Senate, 38; elected, 39; becomes gov. of Wisconsin, 92.

Tammany Society, early history of, i. 181-5; hostility to DeWitt Clinton, 181-5; opposes Erie canal, 251; opposed Clinton for gov., 1817, 251; defeated, 252; Clinton dismisses its office-holders, 255; Van Buren silences its opposition to canal, 261-2; influence in securing the constitutional con., 1821, 296; favours Jackson for President, 357; trains with the Softs, ii. 249; defeats Wood, 257.

Tammany Hall, defeated, 1861, iii. 29; Tweed begins his career, 176; boss of, 176; his lieutenants, 177; forces Hoffman's nomination, 1866, 159; fraudulent naturalisations, 175; its new building, 178; again nominates Hoffman, 1868, 205; renominates Hoffman, 1870, 231; startling disclosures of Tweed ring, 246-9; controls state con., 1871, 269-73; dismayed by result of election, 275; Kelly succeeds Tweed as its leader, 288; reorganises it, 289; divided into two factions, 325; Morrissey faction rejected, 325; Kelly's ticket defeated, 1875, 331; Morrissey and Kelly factions unite, 1876, 346; ticket elected, 350; factions divide, 1877, 378; Kelly wins, 383; but Morrissey elected to Senate, 388; it controls Dem. state con., 1878, 392; defeated in election, 397; bolts Dem. state con., 1879, 423; holds con. of its own, 424; nominates Kelly for gov., 424; crushed by defeat, 427; refused admission to Dem. state con., 1880, 451; holds con. of its own, 451; platform stigmatises Tilden, 452; refused admission to Dem. nat. con., 1880, 457; spectacular reconciliation, 458; forces a Dem. state con., 460; has its own way, 460; fools Irving Hall on mayoralty, 460; opponents organise County Democracy, 483; dels. excluded from Dem. state con., 1881, 484; local ticket defeated, 483; forces way into Dem. state con., 1882, 488; divides its vote for gov., 490; finally supports Cleveland, 491; joins County Democracy on local ticket, 498; elect state and city officials, 498.

"Tammany-Republicans," history of title, iii. 250, 254, 255.

Tappan, Abraham B., candidate prison insp., 1861, iii. 23, note; elected, 29.

Tappan, Arthur, early Abolitionist, ii. 6; requisition for, 6.

Tappan, Lewis, early Abolitionist, ii. 6; home mobbed, 6; nominated for state comp., 216.

Taylor, John, career and character of, i. 177-8; speech against Platt, 178; opposes Bank of America, 196; appearance of, 196; nominated for lt.-gov., 213; attacked by Clinton, 213; elected, 215; renominated for lt.-gov. with Clinton, 279.

Taylor, John J., nominated for lt.-gov., ii. 249-50; career of, 250.

Taylor, John W., congressman from Saratoga, i. 312; brilliant leader, 312; twice speaker of national House of Representatives, 312, ii. 204; refuses nomination for lt.-gov., i. 331; defeated for speaker in Twentieth Congress, 359.

Champion opponent of Missouri Compromise, 1820, ii. 204; lived to see principles adopted, 204; longer continuous service than any successor, 204; character of speeches, 204; death of, 204.

Taylor, Moses, urges Lincoln's renomination, iii. 88; attends Saratoga con., 1866, 144; approves books of Tweed's city comp., 245.

Taylor, William B., candidate for state eng., 1861, iii. 23, note; elected, 29; renominated, 1863, 76; elected, 83; renominated, 1869, 226; defeated, 227; renominated, 1871, 264; elected, 275; renominated, 1873, 308; defeated, 309.

Temperance vote, 1870, iii. 244, note.

Thayer, Adin, nominated for canal com., 1874, iii. 314; elected, 319.

Thayer, Francis S., nominated for sec. of state, 1873, iii. 308; defeated, 309.

Third term, talk of it, 1874, iii. 317; Grant's letter ends it, 1875, 329; Rep. state con., 1875, declares against it, 325; Grant becomes an active candidate, 1880, 428; efforts of Stalwarts to nominate him, 429-42; opposition to, 429-42; defeated, 442.

Thomas, David, career and character of, i. 191-2; charged with bribery, 193; indicted and acquitted, 194.

Thomas, Thomas, member of Council of Appointment, 1807, i. 156.

Thompson, Herbert O., appointed clerk of N.Y. county, 1879, iii. 418; an organiser of the County Democracy, 483.

Thompson, Smith, related to Livingstons, i. 155; on Supreme bench, 155; refused mayoralty of New York, 155; career of, 362; learning of, 362; sec. of navy under Munroe, 362; on bench twenty-five years, 362; justice of U.S. Supreme Court, 362; nominated for gov., 1828, 362; refused to withdraw, 363; defeated, 368.

Thompson, William, caucus nominee for speaker, i. 257; character and career of, 257; defeated by a bolt, 258-9.

Thorn, Stephen, an assemblyman, i. 149; charged Purdy with bribery, 149, 190.

Throop, Enos T., criticised Morgan's abductors, i. 365; home on Lake Owasco, 365; nominated for lt.-gov., 366-7; bargain with Van Buren, 366; resigned from Supreme Court, 366; elected lt.-gov., 368; becomes acting gov., 376; nominated for gov., 1830, 376; unpopular manners, 376; elected, 377; defeated for renomination, 1832, 394; nicknamed "Small-light," 394; character of, 394.

Thurman, Allen G., attitude toward Tilden, iii. 354.

Tilden, Samuel J., in constitutional con., 1846, ii. 104; opposes negro suffrage, 107; writes address of Barnburners, 131; nominated for atty.-gen., 211; defeated, 218.

Del. to Dem. nat. con., 1864, iii. 108; age and appearance of, 108; ability, 109; war record, 109; becomes wealthy, 110; accepted leader at Chicago, 110; member com. on res., 110; declares war a failure, 110; criticised for his timidity, 113; attends Saratoga con., 1866, 144; del.-at-large to Philadelphia, 144; active in campaign, 1867, 186; attends Dem. nat. con., 1868, 197; ch'm. New York delegation, 197; forces nomination of Seymour, 201; study of his methods, 203; disclaims any agency, 203; his artfulness, 203; urges Seymour to accept, 204; certain of success, 213; denies signing infamous circular, 213; fails to denounce forgers, 214; calls Dem. state con. to order, 1870, 230; has his pocket picked, 230; severely criticised, 231; prophesies Tweed will die in jail or exile, 265; no liking for Rep. party, 265-6; begins reform in Dem. party, 266-7; rejects Tweed's proposals, 267; labours to punish Ring, 267; unites anti-Tam. organisations, 268; at Dem. state con., 1871, 269-74; though defeated, proves its master, 273; Tweed arrested on his affidavit, 275; absent from Dem. nat con., 1872, 287; secures impeachment of Tweed judges, 293; at Dem. state con., 1872, 297; opposed by Tweed influence, 297; nominates Kernan for gov., 298; decides to run for gov., 310; supported by Kelly, 310; praised by Rep. journals, 311; opposed by canal ring, 311; dissuaded by friends, 311; Seymour advises against it, 311; insists upon making race, 312; nominated, 313; elected gov., 319; message against canal ring, 321-2; prosecutions, 323; tour of the state, 323; Rep. press criticises, 326; speech at Utica, 327; message of, 1876, a bid for presidency, 340; opposed by Kelly, 341-2; strength of, 342; confidence of, 343; a critical moment, 343; nominated for President, 343; letter of acceptance, 344; fails to nominate Dorsheimer for gov., 345; severe criticism of, 348-9; denies complicity in cipher dispatches, 351; attitude toward Electoral Com., 354-5; relied upon Davis' vote, 356; hurt by Conkling's exclusion, 356; prestige weakened, 378; publication of cipher dispatches, 394-5; influence upon, 395; party talks of his nomination, 1880, 447; embodiment of fraud issue, 448; opposition of Kelly, 448; Dem. state con., 1880, endorses him for President, 449; would he accept nomination, 453; his health, 453-4; gives Manning a letter, 454; regarded as indefinite, 455-6; settles question in telegram, 456; did not know himself, 456; an opportunist, 456.

Tillotson, Thomas, brother-in-law of Chancellor Livingston, i. 113; sec. of state, 115; assailed by Van Ness, 125; removed as sec., 151; restored, 154; removed, 165.

Tinsley, William F., nominated for canal com., 1874, iii. 325; defeated, 331.

Tompkins, Daniel D., nominated for gov., i. 155; character and career of, 158-61; compared with Clinton, 160-1; elected gov., 161-2; an issue dividing parties, 162; sustains embargo, 164; opposes George Clinton for President, 166-7; renominated for gov., 173; re-elected, 179; opposes banks, 194-5; ambitious to be President, 197, 232, 238; prorogues Legislature, 197; opposes DeWitt Clinton for President, 201; renominated for gov., 212; attacked by Clinton, 213; re-elected, 215; at zenith of popularity, 215; jealous of Armstrong, 216; distrusts Spencer, 217; called the great war gov., 219; refuses to give Clinton active service in field, 220; re-elected, 223; efforts paralysed by Federalists, 219-30; defeat of Federalists, 226; calls extra session of Legislature, 226; vigorous prosecution of war, 226; opposed Spencer, 233-4; relations with Spencer strained, 233; favoured Sanford for U.S. Senate, 233; Legislature endorses him for President, 235; re-elected gov., 236; opposed for President by Spencer, 237; offered place in Madison's cabinet, 237; reasons for declining, 238; Virginians create opposition to, 239; Van Buren's sly methods, 240; nominated and elected Vice President, 240; did not favour Erie canal, 246; nominated to beat Clinton, 274; majorities in prior elections, 275; shortage in war accounts, 275-82; effort to prevent nomination of, 275-8; Yates on, 279; insisted on fifth race, 279; handicapped by canal record, 279; defeated, 281; sad closing of his life, 282; president constitutional con., 1821, 299; willing to run for gov., 1822, 318.

Toombs, Robert, opposes attack on Fort Sumter, iii. 2; prophecy fulfilled, 3.

Tories, treatment of, i. 23; their flight to Nova Scotia, 26.

Tousey, Sinclair, joins Lib. Rep. movement, iii. 283; organises its con. for Greeley's nomination, 283; del. to Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, 296.

Townsend, Henry A., character and career of, i. 217; member of Council, 217; supports Clinton for mayor, 217.

Townsend, John D., strong supporter of Tam., iii. 383.

Townsend, Martin I., as an orator, iii. 80-1; arraigns Seymour, 81; nominated for atty.-gen., 1869, 226; defeated, 227.

Tracy, Albert H., gifts and career of, i. 372; in Congress, 372; mentioned for U.S. Senate, 372; ambitious for public life, 372; easy principles, 372; like Jefferson in appearance, 372-3; nominated for state Senate, 373; faithful to Weed, 379; presides at anti-masonic con., 393; weakens after defeat, 397; Weed on, 397; Seward on, 397, note; leaves Anti-Masons, 398; others follow, 399; withdraws from politics, ii. 38; loses chance of being Vice President and President, 40.

Tracy, John, nominated for lt.-gov., 1832, i. 395; renominated, 1836, ii. 11; elected, 14; renominated, 1838, 23; defeated, 29.

Treaty with England, 1795, excitement over, i. 65; Jay's opinion of, 66; what it accomplished, 67.

Tremaine, Grenville, nominated for atty.-gen., 1877, iii. 377; defeated, 387.

Tremaine, Lyman, Dems. nominate him for atty.-gen., 1861, iii. 21; refused to accept, 24; character of, 24; addresses a Union meeting, 26; nominated by Reps. for lt.-gov., 1862, 45, note; defeated, 51; ch'm. Rep. state con., 1864, 90; his leadership, 91; on death of Wadsworth, 91; del.-at-large to Rep. nat. con., 1864, 92; president of Rep. state con., 1866, 150; aspires to U.S. Senate, 166; aspirant for gov., 1868, 193; nominated for congressman-at-large, 1872, 296; elected, 302.

Troup, Robert, in campaign, 1789, i. 42.

Trowbridge, Charles W., nominated for prison insp., 1876, iii. 339; defeated, 350.

Tweed Ring, begins its career, iii. 176; its leading members, 177; first frauds in elections, 175; its character exposed, 206; Greeley characterises it, 207; secures new city charter, 229; members take places of power, 229; loot the city treasury, startling disclosures, 246-7; punishment of its members, 247-8; aggregate sum stolen, 249; amount recovered, 249.

Tweed's judges, Barnard, Cardozo, and McCunn, iii. 248; Cardozo resigns, 248; others impeached, 248; McCunn dies soon after sentenced, 248; Barnard soon follows, 248.

Tweed, William M., favours repeal of Missouri Compromise, ii. 195.

Early career of, iii. 176; a recognised boss, 176; manners and character, 176; officials selected, 177; signs of wealth, 178; political ambition, 178; demands at Dem. state con., 1867, 178; vice president of Dem. nat. con., 1868, 197; forces Hoffman's renomination for gov., 1868, 205; his frauds, 1868, 206; Greeley's attack, 207; his infamous circular, 213; evidences of his fraud in election, 215-8; elected to state Senate, 223; important committees, 223; plunders through tax-levies, 224; Reps. aid him, 225; gets majority in Senate, 227; controls the state, 227; leader of state Democracy, 228; his city charter passed, 229; its character, 228-9; enormous bribery, 229; takes position of most power, 229; loots the city treasury, 229; controls Dem. state con., 1870, 230; Nast's cartoons, 242, 245; lavish campaign expenses, 243; personal extravagance, 244; purchases control of Assembly, 1871, 245; scheme to widen Broadway, 244; viaduct railway, 244; offers bribes to prevent exposure, 245; punishment and death, 246-8; controls Dem. state con., 1871, 269; "Let's stop those damned pictures," 274.

Twombly, Horatio N., del. to Lib. Rep. state con., 1872, iii. 296.

Tyler, John nominated for Vice President, ii. 40; nobody else would take it, 40; becomes President, 47; turns against the Whigs, 47-8.

Ullman, Daniel, nominated for gov., 1854, ii. 202; career of, 202; defeated, 204.

Union College, founded by Joseph C. Yates, i. 249; Seward, an alumnus of, 379.

Union League Clubs, organisation, iii. 59 and note; Seward's praise of, 59; Brady's work in, 59; Van Buren's loyalty exhibited, 59; Seymour not a member of, 61.

Union League Club of New York, iii. 59; when organised, 59, note; investigates fraud, 1868, 215.

Union Square war meeting, 1861, iii. 5.

United States Bank, incorporation of, i. 186; Clinton defeats extension of charter, 186; the great issue, 1832, 392; preferred to compromise than fight Jackson, 393; Webster and Clay objected, 393; Congress extends charter, 393; Jackson vetoes it, 393; creates fear of panic, 400.

United States Senate. See Senate, United States.

United States senators. See Senators, United States.

Utica _Republican_, established by Conkling, 1877, iii. 385; its aggressive character, 385, note; publication discontinued, 1879, 397.

Vallandigham, Clement L., arrest of, iii. 64; banished to Southern Confederacy, 64; Lincoln's letter, 66; dangerous precedent, 66.

Van Buren, John, son of Martin Van Buren, ii. 128; career and gifts of, 128-30; leading Free-soiler, 128, 129, 141; reason for, 129; Lord on, 128; Wilson on, 130; Seymour afraid of, 130; style of oratory, 130; at Utica con., 131; appearance of, 141; avenged his father's wrongs, 144; compared to Seymour, 150; opposed Seymour for nomination, 172-3; supports him for gov., 1852, 177; advocates popular sovereignty, 250; opens way for Douglas, 1860, 250.

Favours Dix for gov., 1862, iii. 37, 48; supports Seymour, 48; humour of, 48; _Tribune_ criticises, 48, 49; loyalty exhibited, 59; in campaign, 1864, 123; nominated for atty.-gen., 1865, 129; stigmatises Seymour, 134; defeated, 135; death, 135, note.

Van Buren, John D., member of Tilden's canal com., 1875, iii. 323; nominated for state eng., 1874, 326; elected, 331.

Van Buren, Martin, supports DeWitt Clinton for President, i. 206, 208; career, gifts, and character of, 206-10; compared with Clinton, 208; deserts Clinton, 212; energy in war of 1812, 232; made atty.-gen., 232; opposed by Spencer, 232; opposes Spencer, 233; cunning support of Tompkins, 240; disturbed over Clinton's action, 247; adroit opposition, 248; outwitted by Spencer, 250; ludicrous picture of, 250; urges building of canal, 251; makes war on Clinton, 255; sneers of Elisha Williams, 255; Fellows-Allen case, 256; drives Clinton to bolt, 257-60; deprives Clinton of patronage, 260-1; silences opposition to canal, 261-2; prevents Spencer's nomination to U.S. Senate, 266-7; favours re-election of King, 268; reason for bold stand, 268-9; removed as atty.-gen., 273; an "arch scoundrel," 273; calls Clintonians "political blacklegs," 274; effort to prevent Tompkins' nomination, 275-8; Tompkins' war accounts, 276; confident of Tompkins' election, 281; dismissal of postmasters, 285; the "prince of villains," 286; elected to U.S. Senate, 286; Clinton's vituperative allusions to, 286, note; selects Talcott, Marcy, and Butler, 291-3; conspicuous work in constitutional con., 1821, 299-310; Crawford for President, 324; outwitted by Weed, 339-40; weakened by Young's and Crawford's defeat, 344; non-committalism, 345-6, note; methods of Burr, 346; joins Clinton in support of Jackson, 346; conciliatory policy toward Clinton, 347; opposes Adams' administration, 348; a leader in U.S. Senate, 349; parliamentary debates, 349-50, 365; organiser of modern Dem. party, 350, 365; John Q. Adams on, 350; equivocal support of Rochester, 352; re-elected to U.S. Senate, 353; Parton on, 353; Jackson on, 353; nominated for gov., 1828, 364, 367; cleverly divides opponents, 364-5; appearance at church, 365; puts Throop on ticket, 365; acting gov. Pitcher, 366; strong friends, 367; elected, 368; seventy days a gov., 383; insincerity of, 383; sec. of state, 383; a politician's face, 384; resigns from Cabinet, 387; minister to England, 387; rejected by Senate, 387-9; spoilsman, 389, note; on his rejection, 389-90; friends indignant, 390; nominated for Vice President, 391; tendered reception, 391; elected, 397.

Dix's devotion to, ii. 4; Crockett's life of, 4; opponents of, 4; Calhoun on, 4; nominated for President, 4-5; attitude toward slavery, 5, 10, 11; elected, 14; moral courage of, 41; fearless statesman, 41; renominated for President, 41; sub-treasury scheme, 41-2; defeat of, 43-5; retirement to Lindenwald, 46, 74; Texas question, 65-9; Hammet letter, 66-7; Southern hostility, 70; two-thirds rule, 71, note; defeated at Baltimore, 71-5; friends proscribed, 94; a Barnburner, 127; nominated for President at Utica, 1848, 131; endorsed by Buffalo con., 133; Webster's pun, 133; Sumner on, 133; defeated, 143-4; supports Pierce and Seymour, 1852, 177; criticised by Southern press, iii. 10.

Van Cortlandt, James, in first constitutional con., i. 5.

Van Cortlandt, John, in first constitutional con., i. 5.

Van Cortlandt, Philip, in first constitutional con., i. 5.

Van Cortlandt, Pierre, renominated for lt.-gov., 1792, i. 51; supports DeWitt Clinton for President, 202.

Van Cott, Joshua M., nominated for atty.-gen., 1867, iii. 174; defeated, 188; nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1878, iii. 392, note; defeated, 397.

Van Ness, William P., on Livingston's defeat, i. 83; with Burr in Albany, 103; practises deception, 103; on Ambrose Spencer, 117; on the Council's treatment of Burr, 119; as "Aristides," 123-6; law teacher of Van Buren, 207.

Van Ness, William W., gifts and character of, i. 153; leads Federalists against Clinton, 154; elected judge of Supreme Court, 157; mentioned for gov., 236; supports Clinton for gov., 1817, 248; asks Kent to stand for U.S. Senate, 268; charged with hypocrisy, 268; retires from Supreme Court, 323; early death of, 323.

Van Rensselaer, Jacob R., character and career of, i. 248; supports Clinton for gov., 1817, 248.

Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah, lt.-gov., i. 180.

Van Rensselaer, Solomon, adj.-gen., i. 287; summary removal from office, 287; service at Queenstown Heights, 293.

Van Rensselaer, Stephen, candidate for lt.-gov., 1798, i. 82; character and family of, 82; candidate for gov., 1801, 115; defeated, 115; nominated for gov. by Federalists, 213; record as a soldier, 214; Jefferson's opinion of, 214; in command at Queenstown Heights, 222; failure of, 222; resigns command, 222; family and career of, 341; brother-in-law of Hamilton, 342; established Troy Polytechnical Institute, 342; in election of John Quincy Adams, 343; importance of his action, 343.

Van Vechten, Abraham, gifts and character of, i. 168-9; refused a Supreme Court judgeship, 169; assails embargo, 169; becomes atty.-gen., 172; removed, 179; opposes State Bank, 188; work in constitutional con. of 1821, 303.

Van Wyck, Charles H., ch'm. Rep. state con., 1866, iii. 150; speech censored, 150; aspires to be gov., 1868, 193; ch'm. Rep. state con., 1870, 235.

Verplanck, Gulian C., gifts and career of, i. 400; Whig candidate for mayor of New York, 1834, 400; defeated, 401.

Wadsworth, James, native of Connecticut, ii. 235; graduate of Yale, 235; early settler in Genesee Valley, 235; duel with Kane, 235-6; interested in schools, 235; wealthy and generous, 235; averse to holding public office, 235.

Wadsworth, James S., son of James, ii. 236; graduate of Yale, 236; studied law with Webster, 236; gifts of, 236; appearance of, 236; a Barnburner, 236; ambitious to be gov., 236; beaten by Weed, 235-6; defeated for U.S. Senate, 244; at peace congress, 350.

Member of Union Defence com., 1861, iii. 8; aide on McDowell's staff, 8; made brigadier-general, 8; thought available for gov., 42; war service, 42; duties as a major-general, 42; character, 43; generosity, 43; political strength, 43; opposed by Weed, Seward, and Raymond, 43; nominated for gov., 1862, 45; criticised, 46, 48; makes one speech, 50; defeated, 51; reasons for it, 51; killed in battle of Wilderness, 91; his defeat for gov. resented, 91; his supporters control Rep. state con., 1864, 91.

Wadsworth, James W., nominated for state comp., 1879, iii. 416; elected, 427; name presented for gov., 1882, 492; his alleged dels. used to defeat Cornell, 494.

Wagner, George, nominated for prison insp., 1874, iii. 314; elected, 319.

Wakeman, Abraham, president Rep. state con., 1863, iii. 74; postmaster at New York, 74, note.

Wales, Salem H., nominated for mayor of New York, 1874, iii. 314; defeated, 319.

Walruth, Christopher A., nominated for canal com., 1874, iii. 326; elected, 331.

Walworth, Reuben H., appointed chancellor, i. 366; nominated for gov., ii. 134; career of, 134; at Democratic state peace con., 355.

Ward, Hamilton, at Rep. state con., 1871, iii. 261; services and character, 261; proposes a compromise, 261; crushed by Conkling, 263; nominated for atty.-gen., 1879, 416; elected, 427.

Ward, Henry Dana, editor _Anti-Masonic-Review_, i. 370.

War of 1812, declared, i. 221; Federalists refused to support, 220; soldiers poorly equipped, 220; Dearborn commands on Canadian border, 221; failure of plans, 222; offers to resign, 222; cowardice and loss at Queenstown Heights, 222; valour of Scott, 223; Armstrong's plans, 223; valour of Jacob Brown, 223; battle at York, 223; dismal failures, 223; Wilkinson relieves Dearborn, 223; Hampton ordered to Plattsburgh, 224; complete failure of plans, 224; Buffalo burned and Fort Niagara captured, 224; quarrels of generals and secretary of war, 224; Perry's victory, 225; Brown in command, 225; character and career of, 225-6; Scott promoted, 225; battles at Chippewa, Lundy's Lane, Fort Erie, and Plattsburgh, 226; brilliant leadership, 227; Federalists talk of disunion, 227; Washington captured and banks suspend specie payments, 227; Hartford con. favours New England confederacy, 228; alarming condition of affairs, 229; battle of New Orleans, 229; treaty of peace, 229; valour of troops, 230.

Warren, Joseph, Buffalo _Courier_, iii. 201; urges Seymour to accept nomination, 1868, 201; secures Church's consent to run for gov., 1874, 312; hot shot at Kelly, 313; a leading Dem. editor, 420.

Washington, George, on independence, i. 2; not desired, 2; on Schuyler, 18; on George Clinton, 22, 36; on Hamilton, 26; inauguration of, 44; appoints Jay chief justice of U.S. Supreme Court, 114; on inland navigation in New York, 241.

Watson, James, supports Burr for gov., 1792, i. 50; elected to U.S. Senate, 70; service and character of, 71.

Webb, James Watson, leaves Jackson party, 1832, i. 393; editor of _Courier and Enquirer_, 393.

Career of, ii. 161-2; duel with Marshall, 161; challenges Cilley, 161; appearance of, 161; unites _Courier_ with _Enquirer_, 162; supports the Silver-Grays, 162; defeated for minister to Austria, 162; candidate for U.S. Senate, 161-2; endorses Weed's compromise, 337.

Webster, Daniel, on Philip Schuyler, i. 18; teller at John Q. Adams' election, 343; defeats Van Buren, 387; United States Bank, 393.

Weed, Joel, father of Thurlow, i. 317; could not make a living, 317; moved five times in ten years, 317.

Weed, Smith M., dispatches sent from South Carolina, 1876, iii. 351.

Weed, Thurlow, on Albany Regency, i. 294; career, character, and gifts of, 317-19; precocious, 318; friends of best people, 318; love match, 319; slow in getting established, 319; helped Southwick, 1822, 319; supports Adams, 1824, 324; opposes Clinton's removal, 328; sleepless and tireless worker, 338; united friends of Clay and Adams, 338-9; well kept secret, 339; Van Buren hit, 340, 344; kept faith, 340-1; predicts Granger's defeat, 368; accepted leader against Van Buren, 369-70; founded _Anti-Masonic Enquirer_, 370; a born fighter, 371; investigates crime of 1826, 370; selects able lieutenants, 371; incident of his poverty, 373; founds _Evening Journal_, 374; pungent paragraphs, 374, note; met Croswell in boyhood, 374; rival editors estranged, 375; Croswell seeks aid of, 375; growth of the _Journal_, 375; "the Marcy patch," 395; opposed to the United States Bank, 396, note; organisation of Whig party, 394-401; favours Seward for gov., 1834, 401.

On Democratic organisation, ii. 2; Seward for gov., 1838, 19-21; Fellows-Allen case, 22; Seward's election, 29; Dictator, 31-3, 36-8; creates trouble, 38-9; carries state Senate, 39; made state printer, 39; supports Harrison, 40; unhappy, 1844, 84-5; Clay's Alabama letter, 87-8; opposed to Young for gov., 118; for Taylor, 1848, 135-7; breaks with Fillmore, 148; assails Castle Garden meeting, 157; defeats Fillmore, 166-7; favours Scott, 166-7; Scott's defeat, 178-9; Greeley's appeal to, for gov., 198, note; opposed to a Rep. party, 1854, 200; at birth of party, 1855, 213; criticised for delaying it, 219-21; Seward and the Presidency, 229-32; controlled election of U.S. senator, 1857, 243-5; at Chicago con., 283; Bowles on, 283; offered Lane money to carry Indiana, 287, note; weeps over Seward's defeat, 291; returns Greeley's letter of 1854, 311; denies seeing it, 318, 323; replies to it, 318-23; predicts Lincoln's election, 332; proposed compromise, 336-44; Greeley opposed, 343; Lincoln opposed, 344; work as a boss, 362; relations with Lincoln, 362; opposed Greeley for U.S. Senate, 363-5; strained relations with Harris, 366; Barney's appointment, 390-7.

Criticised by Southern press, 1861, iii. 10; proposed conduct of the war, 14; names Dix for gov., 1862, 37; return from London, 41; view of emancipation, 42; pushes Morgan for U.S. Senate, 56; controls canal patronage, 56; withdraws from _Evening Journal_, 56; did not return to Rochester, 57; No. 12 Astor House, 58; his services, 58; his patriotism, 58; cradle of "Amens," 58; takes message from Lincoln to Seymour, 62; resents retention of Barney, 85; Lincoln sends for him, 86; plan for peace, 86; continues slavery, 86; rejected by Lincoln, 87; Barney to be removed, 87; influence lessened, 89, 90; beaten in Rep. state con., 1864, 91; favours nomination of Grant, 93; fickle support of the Vice President, 94; Lincoln ignores his wishes, 97; writes Seward of hopeless outlook, 1864, 104; fails to defeat Greeley, 1864, 117; supports Johnson, 130; manages Saratoga con., 1866, 144; also Philadelphia con., 1866, 144; favours Dix for gov., 1866, 155; surprised by Pierrepont's change, 159; supports Hoffman, 1866, 161; complains of President's action, 162; favours Grant, 1868, 190; opposes Fenton, 1869, 192; influence of his absence, 222; declines to head electoral ticket, 1872, 296; suggests name of Douglass, 296, note; favours greenbacks, 390; fails to attend Rep. state con., 1878, because of feebleness, 412.

Wendell, Nathan D., nominated for state treas., iii. 416; elected, 427.

West, DeWitt C., strong supporter of Tam., iii. 383.

Wheaton, Henry, supports Adams, 1824, i. 324; gifts and career of, 324-5; edited _National Advocate_, 324; leader in People's party, 324; Clinton's dislike of, 330, note.

Wheeler, William A., career and character, iii. 335; nominated for Vice President, 1876, 335-6; declared elected, 350; declined to run for ch'm. of Rep. state con., 1879, 413; not a fighter, 413, note; presented for U.S. senator, 1881, 467.

Whig party, formed, 1834, i. 399; name first used, 399; opponents of, 399; Webster on, 401; its first campaign, 399-401; first state con., 401; Seward its first candidate for gov., 401; hot campaign, 402-4; defeated, 404.

Without a national platform, 1840, ii. 40; log cabin campaign, 43-5; its humiliation, 47-54; defeated by Clay's letter, 1844, 89; divided into Radicals and Conservatives, 116; elects Young gov., 120; carries state, 1847, 127; without platform, 1848, 138; carries state, 1848, 143; elects Seward U.S. senator, 145-7; elects state officers, 1849, 150; approves higher law speech, 153-5; nominated Hunt for gov., 1850, 154; Silver-Grays secede, 155; Hunt elected, 158; avoids slavery issue, 1851, 163-5; loses state, 165; Greeley on, 165-6; Fish on, 166; defeated, 1852, 179; carries state, 1853, 189; Clark nominated for gov., 199; elected, 203; unites with Anti-Nebraska Dems., 194; see Rep. party.

Whig platform, 1852, Greeley on, ii. 175; Seward on, 175.

Whigs, during Revolution, i. 24; moderate and ultra, 24.

White, Andrew D., about Ira Harris, iii. 166; presents Conkling's name for U.S. senator, 170; about Seward, 213; writes of election frauds, 1868, 215; ch'm. Rep. state con., 1871, 258-9; criticism of, 239-60 and note.

White, Hugh L., candidate of Southern Whigs, 1836, ii. 11.

Whitney, William C., an organiser of County Democracy, iii. 483.

Whittlesey, Frederick, editor, Rochester _Republican_, i. 370; strong Anti-Mason, 370; confidence in Weed, 375.

Wickham, William H., nominated for mayor of New York, 1874, iii. 314; character, 314, note; elected, 319.

Wide-awakes, marching body of young men, 1860, ii. 328; their great number, 328.

Wilkin, James W., defeated for U.S. senator, i. 211; result of a bargain, 211-2.

Wilkin, Samuel J., nominated for lt.-gov., ii. 80; character and career of, 80; defeated, 89.

Wilkinson, James, commands on Canadian border, i. 223; career and character of, 223-4; fails, quarrels, and retires in disgrace, 225.

Willers, Diedrich, nominated for sec. of state, 1871, iii. 273; defeated, 275; renominated, 1873, 308; elected, 309.

Willet, Marinus, member first constitutional con., i. 5; supports Burr, 1804, 138; appointed mayor New York, 155; army service, 155, 184-5; removed from mayoralty, 165; nominated for lt.-gov., 184; defeated, 185; opposed Jackson for President, 357; presides at meeting, 357.

Williams, Elisha, gifts and career of, i. 207; sneers at Van Buren, 255; opposes Tompkins' accounts, 276; member of constitutional con., 1821, 298; nominated for Assembly, 1827, 358.

Williams, Robert, in Council, i. 171; known as Judas Iscariot, 172.

Williams, William, nominated for State treasurer, 1861, iii. 24, note; defeated, 29.

Willman, Andreas, nominated for prison insp., 1862, iii. 45, note; defeated, 51.

Wilmot, David, ch'm. Chicago con., 1860, ii. 282.

Wilmot Proviso, supported by Preston King, ii. 102; the issue presented, 126, note; voted down by Whig Nat. con., 1848, 138.

Winans, Orange S., votes with Tweed, iii. 245; unfortunate bargain, 245, note.

Wirt, William, Anti-Mason candidate for President, 1832, i. 398.

Wood, Benjamin, N.Y. _News_, conspicuous as an editor, iii. 420.

Wood, Fernando, ambitious to be candidate for gov., ii. 223; character of, 323-4; early career of, 233, note; withdraws from Dem. state con., 249; captures state con., 257; a bold trick, 257; at Charleston con., 270; goes with South, 270; advocates secession of New York City, 348; Greeley on, 348-9.

Speech at Union Square meeting, iii. 6; defeated for mayor, 1861, 30; refused admission to Dem. state con., 1864, 101; calls a peace con., 1864, 106; Richmond humiliates, 106; death of, 107.

Wood, Julius, tells Seward of Greeley's hostility, ii. 284, note.

Woodford, Stewart L., character and services, iii. 152; his eloquence, 152; nominated for lt.-gov., 1866, 152; elected, 165; suggested for gov., 1868, 193; nominated for gov., 1870, 238; defeated, 244; presents Conkling's name for President, 1876, 335; brilliant speech, 335; New York presents him for Vice-President, 1876, 335; defeated, 336; work in campaign, 1878, 396; interview with Conkling, 1880, 443; presents Arthur for Vice-President, 1880, 444; reappointed U.S. atty., 469.

Woodin, William B., opposes Cornell for lt.-gov., 1876, iii. 338; at Rep. state con., 1880, 434; advocates independence of dels., 434, 436; agreed to support instructions of state con., 434; appearance and character, 436; avoids obeying instructions, 437; severely criticised, 437.

Woodruff, Lewis B., nominated for judge of Court of Appeals, 1869,