Part 7

A Curve Piece of Timber projecting from the foremost End of the Keel to the Height of the Bowsprit, into which the Body of the Ship terminates Afore, and all the whooding Ends of the out-board Planks are rabbited.

Steps

For Masts, are large Pieces of Timber fay'd cross the Keelson in the Hold into which the Heels of the Masts are fitted. And Steps for Capstons are fitted on the Decks respectively for their Use; other Steps for Ladders are for going from one Deck to another.

Stern

Is all that Part of a Ship as is right Aft, and adorned with Sash Lights.

Stern fasts

Are large Ropes which come out at the Gun-room, or After-Ports of a Ship, in order to lash her fast to a Wharf, _&c._

Stern Post

A streight Piece of Timber tennanted into the After-End of the Keel, with an agreeable Rake or Declination from the Perpendicular; into this are all the Transoms scored and bolted, and all the whooding Ends of the out-board Plank of the Bottom rabbited; and on this Post hangs the Rother.

Steward

Is he that acts for the Purser, receives and issues all Provisions out to the several Messes of Victuals, _&c._ to the Ship's Company.

Stiles

In Carpentry, _&c._ are the upright Pieces which go from the Bottom to the Top of the Wainscot.

Stirrup

Is an Iron Plate that turns up on each Side of a Ship's Keel, at her Fore-foot or Stern, where it is bolted.

Stoaked

When the Water in the Bottom of a Ship cannot come to the Well, or pass through the Limber-holes, but something Choaks them up, so that the Pumps will not work, then they say she is Stoaked.

Stocks

A Ship is said to be on the Stocks when building.

Stone

Flatner

Is used by the Bricklayers for bringing up the Foundations of Houses, _&c._

Grind

For the Workmen to whet their Tools, _&c._

Gun

Is laid in the Bottom of the Dock Dreins.

Gutter

Is laid at the Officers Lodgings and Store-houses for carrying off the Water.

Load

Are used for touching the Needles of Azimuth or Brass Box Compasses.

Marble

Is brought from _Plymouth_, and burnt in the Kiln to make Lime.

Paving Smooth

Laid at the Bottoms of Cellars, Kitchens, and Courts of the Officers Houses, _&c._

Portland Block

Is used at, and for the Service of the Stone Docks.

Rub

Are for the House Carpenters and Joyners to whet their Tools on.

Stools

The Ship's Poop and Top Lanterns stand on them, which are supported by the Cranks.

Stopper

Is a Piece of Cable-laid Rope, having a Whale Knot at one End, with a Lanyard fastened to it, and the other End is spliced round a Thimble in the Ring-bolts upon Deck, and at the Bitts; its Use is to stop the Cable, that it do not run out too fast; they take Turns with the Lanyard about the Cable, and the Whale Knot stops it, so that it cannot slip away faster than is necessary.

Stoves

Are square Boxes made of Plank filled with Bricks, and when fitted with an Iron Ring and small Bars, are for burning Charcoal, in order for the Cook to dress the Admiral's or Captain's Victuals on.

Strakes

Are the uniform Ranges of Planks on the Bottom, Decks and Sides of the Ships, and the Garboard is that which is next the Keel.

Strap

Is a Rope spliced about any Block, or made with an Eye to fasten it any where on Occasion.

Stream

When a Ship would only stop a Tide in fair Weather and smooth Water, they generally ride only by their Stream Anchor.

Streight

A narrow Sea Passage between two Lands.

Stretch

When a Ship with all her Sails drawing, steers out of a Road where she has lain at an Anchor, then they say she is stretching away for Sea.

Strike

A Word variously used. When a Ship in Fight, or on meeting with a Man of War, lets down or lowers her Topsails at least half Mast high, she Strikes, meaning, she yields or submits, or pays her Devoir to the Man of War she passes by. When a Ship touches Ground in Shoal Water, they say, she Strikes. When any Topmast is to be taken down, the Word is, Strike the Topmast. And when any Thing is let or lowered down into the Hold, they call it Striking down into the Hold.

String

Is that strake of Plank within Side of the Ship that is wrought over the upper Deck Ports in the Wast.

Surge

When heaving at the Capston, if the Cable, Voyal, or Messenger happen to slip a little, they call it Surging.

Swabber

Is to see that the Ship's Decks are kept neat and clean.

SwallowTails

Are Bolts forged at one End not unlike a Bird's Tail, sharpened and hardened; are used in breaking up old Ships, for cutting off the Tree-nails and Bolts after they are almost sawed through with a Hack Saw; then they put the Swallow Tail thereon, which clips the Bolt, and by driving it with a Maul, cuts and separates the same. As also a strong forked fastening together two Pieces of Timber.

Sweep

When the Mold of a Ship begins to compass in at the Rung-heads, they call it the Sweep of her; as they do when a Hawser is dragged along the Ground at the Bottom of the Sea, to recover any Thing that is sunk, Sweeping for it.

Swifters

Are esteemed a Part of the Gang of Fore and Main Shrouds, (where they have odd ones) and of the same Size which are for succouring those Masts.

Swifting

A Boat, is compassing her Gunwale round with a good Rope. A Ship is either bringing her a-ground, or on a Carreen; and the Capston Bars, is straining a Rope all round the outer Ends of them, to prevent their flying out of the Drum-head.

Swivels

Are made use of at the Moarings in Harbour, to which the Cables and Bridles are bent, that the Ships may swing round either upon Tide of Ebb or Flood.

Tables

Deal

Are allowed the Warrant Officers for their Cabbins.

Wainscot

Allowed the Admirals and Commanders for their Cabbins, _&c._

Tack about

When a Ship's Head is to be brought about so as to lie a contrary Way.

Tacks

Are Ropes Cable-laid tapering, having a Whale Knot at one End, which is seized or fastened into the Clew of the Sail, reeved through the Chess-trees, and then brought through a Hole in the Ship's Side; its Use is to carry forward the Clew of the Sail, to make it stand close by a Wind; and whenever the Sails are thus trimmed, the Fore and Main Tacks are brought close by the Board, and hauled as forward on as they can be, and are usually belayed to the Bitts or a Kevel to fasten them.

Tackles

In a Ship, are Ropes running in three or four Parts, having at one End a Pendant with a Block fastened to it, and also a Tackle Hook for heaving any Thing in or out of the Ship.

Taffarel

Is the uppermost Part of a Ship's Stern Abaft, and always carved.

Tallow

Is for Paying Ship's Bottoms, and also allowed to the Boatswains and Carpenters for several Uses it is proper for.

Tarr

Is used for Tarring white Yarn at the Rope Yard, by the Riggers, and Boatswains for Ships Rigging, and for Tarpawlings, Paying Ships Sides, Weather Boards, _&c._

Tarras

Used by the Masons in the Stone Work of the Docks, and for pointing or repairing the Joints, which from Time to Time stand in Need of Repair.

Tarpawling

Is a Piece of Canvas well Tarr'd over, to lay on the Hatches, Grateings, or any Place to keep off Rain.

Taught

Is the same as setting the Rope stiff or fast, they say, Set Taught the Shrouds, Stays, or any other Ropes, which are too slack and loose.

Taunt

When the Masts of a Ship are too tall, they say, She is Taunt masted.

Tier

The several Ranks of Guns placed on the Decks are called the Lower, Middle, or Upper Tier.

Tender

Is a small Vessel taken up on Contract for attending the Men of War, and employed for pressing Seamen, _&c._

Thauts

Are for the Men which row the Boats to sit on.

Thimbles

Are a Sort of round Rings, whose Edges are turned up, and the Ropes go round in the hollow Part of the Outside of them when they are seized, in order to prevent the Tackle Hook from galling the Rope.

Thoals

Are those Pins in the Gunwale of a Boat, between which the Men put their Oars when they row.

Thrums

Are allowed the Boatswains and Carpenters to make Mops; and also to the Master Caulker for Mops to Pay the Ships Bottoms.

Thwart Ship

Is across the Ship.

Tides

Two periodical Motions of the Waters of the Sea, called the Flux and Reflux, or the Ebb and Flow.

Ties

Or Runners, are those Ropes by which the Yards hang, and they with the Halyards carry or hoist the Yards up.

Tiller

The very same with the Helm of a Ship, and are also used in small Ships and Boats for Steering them.

Tiller for Saws

Are Handles for Whip Saws.

Timber

Ash

Is used by the Master House Carpenter in Wheelwright Work.

Beech

Is used for Ways at the Bottom of the Dock, and sometimes cut into Keel-pieces.

Elm

Is used for making Drumheads, for Capstons, Ships Caps, Keel-pieces, Lyons, Tafferels, _&c._

Firr

Is used for making Davits, by the House Carpenters for Girders, and such like large Uses in Building.

Oak Compass

Is used by the Shipwrights, and converted for the Compassing Timbers of a Ship.

Streight

Is used by the Shipwrights for Beams on board a Ship, and for other Services that it is requisite to be used on, and also by the House Carpenter in his Way of building.

Timbers

Are those which Form the Body of a Ship, as Floor Timbers, Futtocks, _&c._

Timbers Top

Are the upper Timbers in the Frame of a Ship, forming her Sides, _&c._

Tin Plates

Double Single

Are used for lining the Bread, Cook, and Powder Rooms of Ships, covering the Tops of their Galleries, and for fining Oars, _&c._

Tight

When a Ship lets in but very little Water, she is Tight, which is known by the Smell o£ that pumped out, for if she lets in but little, it will always stink, otherwise not.

Tire Cable

The Row in the Middle of the Coiled Cable.

Toggle

A short Piece of Wood made tapering at each End, having a Score cut in the Middle of it, where a Rope is usually fastened, and when put through the Bite of another, there is no Occasion of seizing them together.

Top

Is a round Frame of Boards which lie upon the Cross-trees, near the Head of the standing Masts.

Top Armours

Are cut out of red Kersey, and tabled round with Canvas, hung about the Top for Show, and also cover the Men which are in the Tops in a Fight.

Tops Laying

Are used by the Rope-makers; those made with three Scores are for closing three Strand Ropes, and those with four are for Stays, and has a Hole bored in their Center, through which the Heart of the Stay passes.

Tools

Bolt

To make Saucer Head Bolts in.

Nail

To Head Nails in.

Thread

Is for making, altering, and repairing Colours in Store, or on board the Ship.

Tow

Whatever is drawn after a Boat or Ship with a Rope, _&c._ is said to be Towed.

Trail-board

Is a carved Board let into, or nailed on the Knee of the Head, just below the Lyon.

Transoms

Are large Pieces of Timber forming the Buttock, or After-part of the Ship on both Sides; they are transversely situate on the Post, and in the Middle bolted to it; their Ends are fastened to the After-Timbers on each Side respectively, called Fashion Pieces; they are denominated severally according to their Elevations, as Wing Transoms, Deck Transoms, Transoms under the Deck, _&c._ All which, as Post Transoms, and Fashion Pieces, being framed together, is commonly called the Stern Frame.

Traverse

A Ship when she makes Angles in and out, and cannot keep directly to her true Course, is called a Traverse. In Navigation, is the Variation of the Ship's Course, upon shifting of Winds, _&c._ And a Traverse Board, is a little round Board which hangs up, and bored full of Holes upon Lines, shewing the Points of the Compass upon it; by moving a little Peg from Hole to Hole, the Men at the Helm or Steering Wheel keeps an Account how many Glasses (that is, Half Hours) the Ship Steers upon any Point.

Treenails

Are long Pins of Wood, whence they are called Tree-nails, made out of Oak, to fasten the Planks to the Timbers, and are always Caulked with Ocham to prevent any Leak.

Tressle trees

Are those Timbers that stand Fore and Aft at the Mast-head, for the Tops to lie on.

Tressle

A wooden Frame to bear up Tables, Deals, Scaffolds, _&c._

Triangles

Are made out of large Spars, having their lower Ends ferrilled with a Ring, and a Spud drove into them, which runs into the Ground to steddy them; their upper End has a Bolt that goes through the three Parts, where a Staple is fixed for hanging a Scale Beam, when they are made use of for weighing Stores without Doors, as are received or delivered into the Yard.

Trip

A Ship goes with her Topsails a Trip she carries them hoisted up to the highest, and when the Wind blows not too hard.

Trim

Of a Ship, is her best Posture, with respect to her Proportion of Ballast, the standing of her Masts, _&c._ for Sailing, and the best Way to make her Sail well, and to find her Trim, depends very much on Experience and Judgment.

Trise

For hauling up any Thing by a single Rope, that do not run in a Block, but is done by Hand or main Strength. Thus if any Cask, Chest, or other Goods hath only a Rope fastened to it, and without a Tackle is pulled up into the Ship by Hand, it is Trised up.

Trivets

Are used by the Caulkers for large Kettles to stand on for heating Stuff when Paying Ships.

Trough

Is the Hollow or Cavity made between any two Waves or Billows in a rowling Sea.

Trucks

Acorn

Are put on the End or Top of the Vane Spindle at the Mast-head.

Flaggstaff

Are put on the Ends of them, and also on the Ensign and Jack Staffs.

Parrel

The Rope is reeved through them, and are placed between the Ribs of the Parrel.

Seizing

Are made fast to the Shrouds for the Running Rigging to go through.

Truss

Is a Tackle fastened to the Parrel at the Yard, which binds it fast when the Ship rowls, lying either a-hull or at an Anchor, and the Fore, Main, and Mizon Yards have them.

Try

A Ship is said to Try, when she hath no more Sails abroad but her Main Course, when her Tacks are close aboard, the Bowlings set up, and the Sheats hauled close Aft, or when, the Helm or Steering Wheel is so fastened as to prevent their having any Power of the Tiller, so as she is let lie in the Sea, and sometimes when it blows so hard that she cannot bear her Main Course, they make her lie a-Try, under her Mizon only.

Tuck

Is when a Ship is not round Buttock'd, as commonly _English_ Ships are, (Sixth Rates lately excepted) under the Wing Transom, they say she is Square Tuck't. _Dutch_ Men of War, and their Merchant Ships, are generally built with square Tucks.

Tue Iron

Are for the Smith's Bellows to blow through.

Turpentine

Is used for Paying Ships Sides, Masts, Boats, _&c._

Twine

Sail

Is used by the Sail-makers for making and repairing Sails; allowed the Boatswains for repairing the Sails when they want at Sea, for whiping Ropes, and such like Uses.

Mark

Is put into all Cordage, from three Inches downwards, as the King's Mark.

Tiles

Are used by the bricklayers on the Roofs of Lodgings, Storehouses, _&c._

Tyminoguy

A Rope, one End nailed to the Outside of the Stock of an Anchor, stowed at the Bow, and the other fastened or belayed to the Ship's Sides on the Fore-Castle; its Use is for preventing the Fore-Sheats (when getting under Sail) droping down between the Anchor Stock and Ship's Side.

Veer

Veering out a Rope, is letting it go by Hand, or letting it run out of its self. Thus they Veer more Cable, that is, Let more Cable run out; but this Word is not used for the letting out of any Running Rope except the Sheat, but of that they say, Veer more Sheat, that is, Let more of it run out. The Word Veer is also used in Reference to the Wind, for when it changeth often and suddenly, they say The Wind Veereth.

Vice

There are two Sorts, Bench and Hand; the former are fixed to a Bench in the Smith's Shop, and used by them for holding fast their Work, when to be filed or cleaned, as the other is (being small) held in the Hand when made use of.

Viol

A Cable-laid Rope, which being reeved through a large Block lashed at the Main-mast, is made use of by heaving at the Jeer Capston to weigh the Anchor when Nippers are brought on about the Cable.

Vinegar

Is allowed for washing the Ships between Decks when abroad, for preventing any Contagion spreading among the Men.

Umbrello's

Are Screens hung at the Stern over the Ship's Lights, to keep out the Sun, and are generally covered with Canvas or Kersey.

Unmoar

When a Ship or Vessel that Rides at two Anchors begins to get them up in order to Sail, she is Unmoaring.

Uphroes

Are a Kind of Spar brought from _Norway_, from thirty two Feet to twenty eight Feet long, and four Inches by three and an half square at the Top End.

Waals

Are those protuberant Strakes of Plank (or thick Stuff) wrought thicker than the Rest on the Sides of a Ship, the Appearance of which gives her Sheer, that is, the beautiful Rising they commonly have Fore and Aft above Water.

Waft

To make a Waft is to hoist up an Ensign rowled up to the Top of the Staff, as a Sign for the Men to come on board, or that a Ship is in Danger by a Leak, _&c._ and therefore wants Help from the Shore, or from some other Ship.

Wake

Is the smooth Water that runs from a Ship's Stern when under Sail, and by it a good Guess may be made of the Speed she makes. Also when one Ship giving Chace to another, is got as far into the Wind as she, and sails directly after her, they say, She has got into her Wake.

Wale Rear'd

Not Ship shape, but built right up after she comes to her Bearing.

Walt

A Ship is Walt when she hath not her due Ballast, that is, not enough to enable her to bear her Sails.

Warp

Is to haul or transport a Ship by a Cablet or Hawser (proper for that Purpose) bent to an Anchor or a Buoy; it is used when a Wind is wanting to carry her into or out of an Harbour, or to Moarings, and this is termed Warping; and the Cablet or Hawser used on this Occasion is called a Warp.

Wast

The Ship's Sides between the Quarter Deck and Fore-castle is commonly called so.

Boards

Are sometimes set upon the Sides of a Boat, to keep the Sea from breaking into her.

Cloths

Is Kersey, tabled with Canvas, and hung round the Wast, Quarter Deck, and Poop of a Ship for Ornament.

Trees

In small Ships only, are the same as Ruff Trees.

Watch

Signifies the Space of four Hours, because half of the Ship's Company Watch and do Duty in their Turns, so long at a Time, who are divided into two Parts, the Larboard, and the Starboard Watch.

Water-born

Is when a Ship, even and just with the Ground, first begins to float or swim, being born up by the Water.

Water Line

Is that which goes round the Ship at the Surface of the Water, and shews the true Shape of her Body.

Water Shot

Is a Sort of riding at Anchor, when a Ship is moared neither a-cross the Tide, nor right up and down, but betwixt both.

Water ways

Is that Strake of Plank on the Flat of each Deck respectively next the Ship's Side, for turning the Water out of the Seams.

Way of a Ship

Is sometimes the same with the Rake or Run of her Fore and Aft; but is mostly used as to her Sailing, for when she goes apace, they say, She makes good or fresh Way. And because most Ships are apt to fall a little to Leeward of their Course, they always in casting up the Logboard allow something for her Leeway, which is one Point or more, according to her Sailing.

Weather Coyl

When a Ship being a-hull, has her Head brought about so as to lie that Way which her Stern did before, without loosing of any Sail, but only by bearing up of the Helm, this is called Weather Coyling of her.

Weather Gage

That Ship is said to have the Weather Gage of another, when she is to Windward of her.

Weathering

A doubling or getting to Windward of a Point or Place.

Wedges Iron

Are for splitting Wood.

Wedges Wood

Are made out of Beech or Elm for splitting Wood, or to be put between the Wrain Staves and Ships Sides for setting too of Planks, and for barring in of Ports, _&c._

Weighing

Is drawing up an Anchor out of the Ground, in order to set Sail.

Welding

When the Smiths give their Iron a proper Heat in the Forge, in order to double up the same when wanted to weld a Work in the Doublings, so as to be in one Piece thick enough for the Purpose it is wanted for.

Well

A square Place, parted off and planked round the Main-mast from the Gundeck down to the Foot-waaling, to keep the Ballast, _&c._ from the Pumps placed therein.

Whale-knot

Is a round Knot or Knob made with three Strands of a Rope at one End of the Tacks, Topsail Sheats and Stoppers, so that they cannot slip.

Wheels Steering

Are placed on the Quarter Deck, fixed to an Axis, round which go the Wheelrope, which is made fast to the Tiller in the Gun-Room, it passes through Blocks at the Side, and from thence comes up to the Wheel in the Midships.

Whelps

Are those Brackets set Edge ways upon the Barrel of a Capston, which give the Sweep to it, and are so contrived that a Voyal or Cable brought about them may not surge so much as it would do, if the Body of the Capston was quite round and smooth.

Whipstaff

Is fastened into the Helm, for him that Steers to hold in his Hand, thereby to move the Helm and Steer the Ship: It goes through the Rowl, and made fast to the Tiller with a Ring.

Whirles

Used by the Rope-makers when either laying small Cordage, or spinning Yarn, and are placed in the Heads of the Wheels and Works in Brasses fixed therein.

Whoodings

Are the Ends of the Bottom Planks at the Extremities of the Ship, rabbited into the Stem Afore, and into the Post Abaft.

Winches Iron

Are Handles for turning round Grindstones, Wheels of Chain Pumps, _&c._

Wind

Bringing a Ship's Head about, is called Winding of her, and when rides at an Anchor, she is said to wind up. Also when she is under Sail, they use to enquire, How she Winds, that is, which way she lies with her Head; so, to Wind the Boat, is to turn her Head about.

Wind Taught

Implying as much as stiff in the Wind, for a Thing is Taught, when it is stiff. Thus too much Rigging over Head, or any Thing holding Wind Aloft, is said to hold a Ship Wind Taught; by which is meant, she stoops too much in her Sailing in a stiff Gale of Wind. So also, when a Ship rides in Stress of Wind and Weather, they strike down her Topmasts, which holds too much Wind, or be Wind Taught.

Winding Tackle Pendant

Is a Cable-laid Rope brought about the Head of the Mast, having a treble Block with three Shivers in it, seized fast to the End, through which and a double Block, the Fall is reeved, so brought to the Capston by a Snatch Block, whereby the Guns, or any other heavy Stores, are hoisted in or out.

Windlass

Is a Piece of Timber having six or eight Squares, and is fixed thwart Ship Abaft the Forecastle; in small Ships, Hoys, _&c._ this Windlass will Purchase as much as a Capston in weighing of an Anchor, and without any Danger to those that heave, because they heave here about with Handspikes, put into several Holes made in the Windlass, of which though one should happen to break, yet would the Windlass paul of itself, without any further Danger.

Wind sails

Are used for drawing fresh Air into the Holds of Ships, by cooling every Part, which contributes towards preserving them from Decay.

Wood Hard

Live Oak

Is for making Reeming Beetles and Coggs for the Wheels, used for working the Chain Pumps which throws the Water out of the Docks.

Lignum Vitæ

Is used for making Shivers and Pins for Blocks.

Wood & Wood

Are two Pieces of Timber nicely let in or fay'd to each other, that the Wood of one joyns close to the other.

Wood Faggots

Are used in heating the Kilns for stoving Plank, and also the Oven where the Sail-makers stove the Bolt-ropes.

Woodmeil

A hairy coarse Stuff made of Island Wool, and supplied to the Carpenters of Ships at some of his Majesty's Yards for lining of Ports, _&c._

Woolding

Signifies the winding of Ropes at certain Distances about a Mast, in order to strengthen it.

Woolers

Double Hand Single Hand