Part 5

Is a Term used in conding a Ship; thus Luff up, is to bid the Man at the steering Wheel, keep nearer the Wind. To Luff into an Harbour, is to sail into it, close by the Wind. To spring the Luff, is when a Ship, that before was going large before the Wind, is brought close, or claps close by the Wind. When a Ship sails upon a Wind as they say, that is, on a Quarter Wind, the Word of him that Conds is, Luff; keep your Luff; Veer no more; keep her too; touch the Wind; have a Care of a Lee Latch. All which Words signify much the same Thing, and bids the Man at the Wheel to keep the Ship near the Wind. But on the contrary, if the Ship is to go more large or right before the Wind, the Word is, Ease the Helm; no near! bear up.

Luff Hook

Is to succour the Tackles in a large Sail, that all the Stress may not bear upon the Tack; sometimes also it is used when the Tack is to be seized the surer.

Luff Tackle

Is a Tackle in a Ship, which serves to lift or hoist all small Weights in or out of her.

Lying under the Sea

When in a Storm the Ship is a-hull, and the Helm so fastened a-lee, that the Sea breaks upon her Bow or Broadside, _&c._

Lyme

Is to make Mortar for the Use of the Bricklayers and Stone Masons.

Lyon

Is a carved Figure fixed on the Knee of the Head.

Mails

Are made of Iron, and interwoven, not unlike a Chain; they are for rubbing off the loose Hemp which remain on Lines or white Cordage after it is made.

Mallets

Buildge

Are used by the Caulkers for driving in the reeming irons, to open the Seams before caulked.

Driving

Are used by the Riggers to splice Cordage.

Serving

Are used by the Riggers and Sail-makers after they have put on Parsling of old Canvas, for serving the Ship's Shrouds, or Clews of Sails.

Mandrels

The Smiths set Hoops round, on them.

Manger

Is a Place partitioned off in the Bow of the Ship, to keep the Water that may come in at the Hawse Holes from running Fore and Aft on the Deck, and has two large Scuppers fixed on each Side to vent the Water that comes in.

Marline

Is small Line made with two Strands laid slack, that it may be the more pliable, out of Hemp flyings; its use is to seize the End of Ropes, Straps of Blocks, _&c._ And marling a Sail is fastening it to the Boltrope by a Logline put through the Eye-let Holes at the two lower Clews, when served and marled before finished for Service.

Marline Spikes

Are made tapering of Iron, for spliceing together small Ropes, _&c._

Marking Yarn

Is white Yarn spun the wrong Way, and put into all Cordage of three Inches and upwards, as the King's Mark.

Master

Appointed by Warrant from the Navy Board, and is to obey his Commander's Orders for the dispatching the Ship in fitting her out; to inspect the Provisions and Stores sent on board; to take Care of the Ballast that the Hold be carefully stowed, the Rigging and Stores duely preserved, and to navigate the Ship, _&c._

Master at Arms

Appointed by Warrant from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and are to be Men well skilled in Martial Discipline, who are daily to exercise at Small Arms the Petty Officers and Ship's Company; to place and relieve Centinels; to mount the Guard; to see the Firelocks and other Arms be clean; observing the Orders of the Lieutenant at Arms; to see that the Fire and Candles be put out in proper Season; to visit all Vessels and Boats for preventing the Seamen going from the Ship; to acquaint the Officer of the Watch with all Misdemeanors: And the Corporals are to act and perform the same Duty under him.

Master Sailmaker

Is appointed by Warrant from the Navy Board, who, with his Mate and Crew, are to examine all Sails brought on board; attend all Surveys and Conversions; inspect into their Condition, and timely to repair and keep them fit for Service; to see they are perfectly dry when put into the Store-room, and there secured from Drips, Damps and Vermin; and to attend the Delivery of them into Store.

Masts

Of the Growth of _New England_ and _Riga_, are generally wrought into sixteen Squares, and are received into Store by their Diameter in Inches; the former are worked up for Fore or Main-masts, and the latter generally for Mizon-masts. _Norway_ and _Gottenbro'_ are brought from thence rough as they grow; are measured by girting them, and received by Hands, that is, four Inches make a Hand; are used for Top-masts or Yards.

Masts made

For a Ship are the Sprit-top-mast, Fore, Fore-top, Fore-top-gallant, Main, Main-top, Main-top-gallant, Mizon and Mizon-top; and amongst which may be reckoned her Bowsprit; and the low ones are generally made out of _New England_ Growth, and the Topmasts and Top-gallant Masts, out of those brought from _Riga_, _Gottenbro'_ or _Norway_.

Matts

Are made out of Junk, old Rope Yarns, _&c._ for preserving the Yards from galling or rubbing in hoisting or lowering them.

Mauls

Doubleheaded

Are allowed the Carpenters for such Uses as are requisite.

Top

Are for driving the Iron Fids in or out of the Heel of the Top-masts.

Messengers

Are allowed to great Ships, and a Cable-laid Rope which are made use of in the same Manner as the Voyals are, though not so big, brought round the main Capston, and are a Sort of Succour to the Voyal, but are never made use of, after the Anchor is a Peek.

Midshipman

His Station on Duty is on the Quarter Deck, Poop, _&c._ to mind the Braces, look out and give the Word of Command from the Captain and other superior Officers, and to assist on all occasions both in sailing the Ship, and in stowing her Hold, _&c._

Mizon Course

When the Tack is taken off from the Mast forward, it is called a Bon-adventure Mizon.

Moar

Signifies the laying out the Anchors of a Ship so, as is best and safest for her riding.

Moarings

Are laid out in Harbour, and consists of Claws, Pendant Chains, Cables, Bridles, Anchors, Swivel, Jews-harp, Buoys, and Chains for Ships to ride at, either when under Orders of fitting for the Sea, or are laid up in Ordinary.

Monkey

A Block made of Iron with a Catch, made use of in Ginns for driving Piles.

Monk Seam

Sewing the Edges or Selvedges of Sails together, over one another on both Sides, to make it the Stronger.

Mooter

Is the Person who (after the Tree-nails which are received into Store, rough from the Merchant) makes them smooth, and of proper Sizes, before they are drove through the Plank used on Ships Sides, Decks, Wharfs, _&c._

Mortar

A Preparation of Lyme, Sand, _&c._ mixed up with Water, and used in Buildings.

Mouse

Is a large Knot artificially made by the Riggers on the Ship's Stays.

Nails

Brads

Battin

Used by the House Carpenters and Joyners.

Filling

Used on Ships Bottoms when ordered to the _West Indies_, between the Spaces of the Sheathing Nails.

Flooring

Used by the House Carpenters

Keelband

Used by the Boat Builders.

Clamp

Used by the Shipwrights.

Filling

Used on Ships Bottoms ordered to the _West Indies_.

Lead

For nailing Lead.

Port

Double Single

Used by the Shipwrights, and are drove into the Beams for the Mens Hammacoes to hang on.

Rother

Used by the Shipwrights to nail on the Rother Irons.

Rove & Clench.

Used by the Boat Builder on Boats.

Scupper

Has a broad and flat Head, and used for nailing the Leather Scuppers to the Ship's Sides.

Sharp of Sorts

Used by Shipwrights, House Carpenters and Joyners.

Sheathing

Used For nailing on the Sheathing Board.

Spikes

Used By the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.

Tacks

Used By the Joyners and Oar-makers for fining Oars.

Timber

Used by the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.

Weight

Used by the Shipwrights and House Carpenters.

Wherry

Used by the Boat Builders.

Woolding

Drove through the Ropes that Woold the Ship's Masts.

Needles

Boltrope Sail

Are allowed the Boatswains for repairing the Ship's Sails when at Sea.

Navel Hoods

Are large Pieces of Stuff fayd against the Hawse Holes, and fills out to the outer Edge of the Cheeks, to keep the Cable from rubbing them.

Naveline

Is a Rope reeved through a Block made fast to the middle Rib, and another Block being made fast at the Mast-head, the Line goes through them, which makes a Tackle to hoist the Parrel.

Navigation

The Art of sailing or conducting a Ship or Vessel the safest and most commodious Way from one Place to another.

Neap

When a Ship wants Water to float her, so that she cannot get out of a Harbour, off the Ground, or out of the Dock, she is neaped, and are those Tides which happen seven Days after the Moon's Change or Full.

Netting

Is twice laid Cordage bigger than Lashing, and is used for Stantion Ropes, _&c._

Nettings

Are a Sort of Grate made with small twice laid Rope, and seized together with Rope Yarn or Twine, and are fixed on the Quarters and in the Tops.

Nippers

Are made of Rope Yarns, and several Turns are taken round the Cable and Voyal when heaving at the Main or Jeer Capston, in order to weigh the Anchor.

Oars

Barge

Are made out of _New England_ or _Dantzick_ Rafters.

Boat

Are made out either of _English_ Ash, or Firr Rafters from _Norway_.

Ship

Are generally cut out of Firr Timber.

Oazy Ground

Such as is soft, slimy or muddy.

Ocham

Black

Is picked out of old Cables or Junk, in order to caulk the Seams, Tree-nails and Bends of a Ship, for preventing Leaks.

White

Comes from the flyings of dress'd Hemp, and used for caulking the Seams of Ships.

Offin

Is a good Distance from the Shore where there is deep Water, and no Need of a Pilot to Conduct the Ship. Thus if a Ship from Shore be seen sailing out to Seaward, they say, She stands for the Offin; and if a Ship having the Shore near her, have another a good Way without her, or towards the Sea, they say, That Ship is in the Offin.

Offward

If a Ship, being a-ground by the Shore, doth Heel towards the Water Side, they say, She Heels Offward.

Orlop

A Platform under the Gun-deck for stowing the Cables, and where the Officers Store-rooms, _&c._ are built.

Over Rake

When the Waves break in upon a Ship riding at Anchor, and the Head Sea washes over her, then the Waves Over-Rake her.

Oven Lids

Are made of Iron to stop the Mouth of the Oven on board a Ship.

Out licker

Is a Piece fayd down to the upper Rail, and to the cross Piece in the Head, to carry the Foretack farther from the Middle of the Ship.

Owler

A Master of a Ship, or other Person that conveys Wool, or other prohibited Goods in the Night to the Sea Side, in order to Ship off, contrary to Law.

Oyl

Is used for sundry Services on board a Ship, by the Boatswains in mixing it with Blacking or Tar.

Palleting

The Floor of the Bread-room and Magazine of Powder, generally wrought of ordinary Deal, and is laid above the Keelson, for keeping the Bread and Powder dry, in Case there should be more Water in Hold than usual.

Palms

Are round Pieces of Iron, stamp'd full with round Impressions; are sewed to Leather, which comes into the Palm of the Sail-makers Hand, and are made use of by them to prevent the Needles running into them, when sewing the Seams or Boltropes on the Sails.

Pannel

In Joynery, _&c._ a square Piece of thin Wood, sometimes carved, framed, or groved in a larger Piece between Stiles.

Parbuncle

Is the Name given a Rope Contrived almost like a Pair of Slings; it is seized both Ends together, and then put double about any heavy Thing that is to be hoisted in or out of a Ship, and by having a Hook of a Runner or Tackle hitched into it, they hoist up any Cask or Box.

Parsling

Are Pieces of old Canvas cut about four Inches broad, and wrapped round Shrouds, Stays, Straps for Blocks, _&c._ before served with spun Yarn.

Parrells

Are made of Ribs and Trucks, and Ropes reeved through them, which having both their Ends fastened round about the Masts, the Yards by their Means go up and down the Masts with greater Ease; these also with the Breast Ropes fasten the Yards to the Masts.

Partners

Are Pieces of thick Stuff, through which Holes for the Masts and Capstons are cut on each Deck; they are wrought considerably thicker than the Plank of the Deck, so far as between the respective Beams where they are placed.

Paunch

Are those Mats made of Sinnet, which in a Ship are made fast to the Main and Fore Yards, to keep them from galling against the Masts.

Pawle

Is made of Iron, bolted at one End to the Beams through the Deck close to the Capston, but yet so easily as that it can turn about. Its Use is to stop the Capston from turning back, by being made to catch hold of the Whelps, therefore they say, Heave a Pawl; that is, heave a little more for the Pawl to get hold of the Whelps, and this they call Pawling the Capston; and droping Pawls are bolted to the Beams, and fall on the Drum-head, where, on the Top, are Holes cut for receiving the Iron Pawl.

Paying

Laying over the Seams of a Ship a Coat of hot Pitch, is called Paying her; or when she is a graving, and her Soil burned off, and a new Coat of Tallow, Pitch, Rozin and Brimstone boiled together, is put upon her, that is also called Paying of a Ship.

Peek

Used in these Senses: An Anchor is said to be a Peek, when the Ship being about to weigh, comes so over her Anchor, that the Cable is perpendicular between the Hawse and the Anchor, and to bring the Ship thus, is called heaving a Peek.

Also Peek the Mizon, that is, put the Mizon Yard right up and down by the Mast.

A Ship is said to ride a Peek when she lies with her Main and Fore Yards hoisted up, and then having one End of the Yards brought down to the Gunwale, the other is raised up an End.

The Reason why they thus Peek up their Yards is, least lying in a River (and they hardly ever use it but then) with their Yards a-cross, another Ship should come foul of them and break their Yards.

Pendants

Short Ropes, one End of which is fastened either to the Head of the Mast, End of the Yards, on the Main Stay, or Back of the Rother; and at the other End hath a Thimble spliced in, or a Block to reeve a Fall through.

Pendants of Tackles

Are of the same Size as the Main and Fore Shrouds, made with an Eye at the upper End, to go over the Head of the Mast when single, but when double, are put over Head by a Hitch, with a single Block at their lower End for the Runners to be reeved through.

Pentecontore

A Vessel with Fifty Oars.

Pillars

Some are turned in the Form of a Column, and others are square, and placed generally under the Beams to support them, and the Decks.

Piles

Are large Stakes drove into the Earth for a Foundation to build on, or to make Dams, _&c._

Pilot

Is he which directs the Men at the Wheel how to steer.

Pillow

The Piece of Timber whereon the Bowsprit resteth close by the Stem.

Pins

Block

For the Shives to run on.

Turn'd

To belay Ropes to.

Tyle

Used by the Bricklayers in Slates and Tyles.

Pintles

Are those Hooks by which the Rother hangs to the Stern Post.

Pirate

A Person or Vessel that robs on the High Seas, or makes Descents on the Coasts, _&c._ without Permission or Authority of any Prince or State.

Pitch

For paying Seams, and all out-board work after caulked.

Pitches

When a Ship falls with her Head too much into the Sea, or beats against it so as to endanger her Top Masts, they say, She will Pitch her Masts by the Board.

Plain Sailing

Is the Art of finding all the Varieties of the Ship's Motion.

Plank

Is sawed out of the strongest Beech, Elm, and Oak Timber, brought on to the Ship's Sides, and the latter used for laying their Decks, is cut from four Inches to one Inch and an Half thick; all above four Inches is called thick Stuff; and that cut out of Timber which grows compassing two Ways, is called Croaky; and such whose Edges happen to be circular, is called Snying.

Plates

Backstay Chain

Has a dead Eye, Iron bound at one End, through which the Lanyards of the Shrouds and Back Stays are reeved; and the other End has an Eye through which the Chain Bolt is drove into the Ship's Sides.

Puttock

Are for Fore-top-mast Shrouds, as the Chain are for the low Shrouds, but with this difference, the dead Eyes are bound into the Plates, and they have Hooks at the End of them.

Top

Are square and small, nailed on the Rim, through which the Puttock Plates go, and prevent their wearing the Top away.

Platts

Are made flat, out of Rope Yarn, and waved one over another, their Use is to save the Cable from galling in the Hawse.

Pointing

Is when the Strands of a Cable, or Rope about two Feet, are untwisted, and afterwards made less towards the End, in a tapering Manner, where it is made fast, with Marline wove into the Yarns; the Design of which is, to keep the Rope from raffling out, or that none may be cut off and stole away.

Pointers

Are Pillars in an oblique Position from the Floor Rider-heads on each Side, (pointing) or meeting each other at the Middle of the Gundeck Beams.

Poop

Is the Floor or Deck over the Round-house, being the highest or uppermost Part of the Hull of a Ship.

Ports

Are those Holes in a Ship's Side through which her Guns are put out.

Port the Helm

Signifies to put the Helm to the Left or Larboard Side; but they never say, Larboard the Helm, but always Port; though it is proper to say, Starboard the Helm, when it is put to the Right Side. A Ship is also said to heel a Port, when she swims not upright, but leans to the Left Side.

Port Last

The same as the Gunwale of a Ship; therefore a Yard is down a Port Last, when it lies down on the Gunwale.

Potts

Are allowed the Boatswains for dressing their Victuals in, and to the Carpenters for heating Pitch.

Preventers

Are Ropes of different Sizes, cut into short Lengths, and knotted at each End, to be ready in Case a Shroud should be shot or broke, that they may be seized to them.

Puddenings

Are seized round the Mast, and tapers to each End from the Middle, where it is swelled pretty large for the Low-yards (when lowered down) to rest on; and the Rings of the Anchors are also puddened, to prevent the Galling of the Cable.

Pumps

Lead

Some Ships have one fixed, whose Pipe goes down the Knee of the Head, and is there placed for washing the Decks.

Hand

Hangs over the Side, and lashed there for washing the Decks, and sometimes are put down into the Well, for freeing the Ship when she makes more Water than the Chain Pumps can throw out.

Pump Bolt

Goes through the Head, and the Brakeworks on it.

Pump Hand

Boxes Lower

Are small and short, having a Flap, and a large Staple drove into it, to draw it up on Occasion.

Ditto Upper

Are fixed to the Spear.

Brake

Is the Handle.

Hook

A long Rod of Iron with a Hook at the End, to draw up or put down the lower Box.

Stave or Spear

Is a long Rod of Iron with an Eye at the upper End, which Hooks to the Brake, and to the lower End of which the upper Box is fixed.

Pumps Chain

Are placed in the Well, and works with Chains.

Ditto Axletrees

Are fixed in the Center of the Wheels, which are turned round with Winches put on at each End.

Pumps Chain

Bolsters

A round Piece of Iron with a Hole in the Middle, and are for opening an Ess or Hook when any want shifting.

Burrs

Are round thin Pieces of Iron, very little less than the Bore of the Pump, which are placed between every Length of the Chain, and on each of them the Leather is put for bringing up the Water.

Chains

No Ship goes to Sea without a Spare one, which is kept ready leathered in case those in the Pumps should be wore out.

Dale

Is a round hollow Trunk, which conveys the Water through the Ship's Sides.

Esses

Are for repairing the Chains in Case any break or give way.

Fidds

Are for opening an Ess or Hook when old ones are to be taken out, or new put into the Chain.

Hooks

For repairing the Chains when any are wanting.

Rowles

Are put into the lower End of the Pump for the Chain to work on.

Sprockets

Are made not unlike a large Horse Shoe, drove into the Wheel, and the Chain works on them.

Swivels

Are for repairing the Chains when wanting.

Wedges

Are drove in on all sides of the Axle-tree, to keep the Wheels fast on it.

Wheels

Are turned out of Elm, in which the Sprockets are drove, and when so fitted, the Chains work round them.

Winches

Are the Handles put on each End of the Axle-tree, by which the Men work the Pump.

Purchase

The same as draw, but when they cannot haul any Thing with the Tackle, they say, The Tackle will not Purchase.

Purser

Is the Officer charged with all Sorts of Provisions allowed the Ship.

Puttock Shrouds

Are short Shrouds which go from the Fore, Main, and Mizon Shrouds to the Top, where the Plates are fixed with dead Eyes in them, through which the Lanyards are reeved for setting up the Top-mast Shrouds.

Puttock Staves

Go a-cross the lower Shrouds, and the Ends of the Puttock Shrouds are hitched round them.

Quarter

Is the After-part of the Ship without-board Aloft.

Quartering

Is when a Ship sails upon a Quarter Wind.

Quarter Pieces

Are two Pieces of carved Work reconciled to each End of the Tafferel, and when regularly suited to the same with a just Disposition of Figures, compleats the beautiful Symetry of the whole Stern and Gallery.

Quarter Tackle Pendants

Fastened on the Quarters of the Yard, and are used for taking in or hoisting Provisions, _&c._ out of the Hold, or upon Deck.

Rabbet

Is letting in a Ship's Plank to her Keel, which in the Run of her are hollowed away, and is called the Rabbet of her Keel.

Racks

Stand in the Cook-Room, at each End of the Grates, for the Spits to lye on to roast Victuals.

Rafters

Are brought from _New England_ and _Dantzick_, and being Ash, Barge, Pinnace and Wherry Oars, are made out of them.

Rails

Are generally composed of some regular Members of Architecture, they lye over and under the Banisters and Lights of the Stern and Galleries; are also ranged along the Side under several Denominations, as Sheer Rail, Plansheer Rail, Drift Rail, _&c._ they are also the principal Ornament in composing the Head of a Ship.

Rake

Is so much of a Ship's Hull as over-hangs the Stem and Stern; that Part of it Afore is called her Rake Forward, and that Abaft at the Stern Post, is called her Rake Aft.

Ranges

Are a Sort of Cleats, to which they belay or fasten the Spritsail, Fore, Main or Mizon Sheats.

Ratlings

Are small Ropes which make the Steps to get up the Shrouds, therefore are called Ratlings.

Reach

The Distance of two Points of Land which bear in a right Line to one another.

Reckonings

In Navigation, the estimating of the Quantity of the Ship's Way, or of the Run between one Place and another.

Reef

When there is a great Gale of Wind, they commonly Roll up Part of the Sail at the Head, by which Means it becomes Shoaler, and so draws not so much Wind; and this contracting or taking up the Sail they call Reefing, which is done with the Reef Tackle Pendants, Tyes, and Falls.

Reeming Irons

Are used by the Caulkers for opening the Seams of the Planks of Ships on the Stocks before caulked.

Reeve

Is to put a Rope through a Block; and, to pull a Rope out of a Block, is called Unreeving.

Reflux

Of the Sea, the Ebbing of the Water, or its Return from the Shore.

Rends

In a Ship, are the same as the Seams between her Planks.

Rhombs

The Points of the Compass.

Ribbs

Are the Timbers when the Planks are off, so called, because are bending like the Ribs of a Carcase; also those which belong to the Parrels are called Parrel Ribs.

Ride

A Ship is said to Ride, when her Anchors hold fast, so that she drives not away by the Force of Wind or Tide; and a Ship is said to Ride well when in a Head Sea, so as that the Waves do not wash over her.

Ride

Betwixt Wind and Tide

When the Wind hath equal Force over her one Way, and the Tide another; but if the Wind hath more Power over her than the Tide, she is said to Ride Wind Rode.