Part 4

Used by the Smiths to drive in any Work that is hooped up, to cant or turn it.

Handspikes

Are used, at Sea to traverse the Ordnance, or heave withal at a Windlass in small Ships or Vessels to weigh the Anchor; and in the Yard, are used by the Labourers, in stowing or canting Timber, _&c._

Harbour

Where Ships may ride safe at an Anchor.

Harpings

Are the foremost Waal Pieces, rounding from the Stem Aft, either in Boat or Ship.

Hasps

For making fast Doors.

Hatchbarrs

Are for barring down the Hatches in Time of Fight.

Hatchells

Are made use of in the Rope Yard, being set with Teeth for dressing and preparing the Hemp to make it fit for spinning white Yarn.

Hatchets

Are allowed for cutting Rigging, or other Ropes and Services which they are proper for.

Hatchways

There are three, all on the Gun Deck, the Fore, Main, and After.

Hawl

Is the same Thing as what we call pulling a-shore.

Hawse

Bags

Are made of Canvas, tapering, stuffed full of Ocham, and are generally allowed small Ships, to prevent the Seas washing in at the Hawse Holes.

Pieces

Are large Pieces of Timber in the Bow of the Ship, in which are made two large Holes on each Side for the Cables to pass through.

Plugs

Are to put into the Holes for preventing the Water washing into the Manger.

Hawser

Is a Rope consisting only of three Strands, and used for Shrouds, _&c._ and there is a Kind of small Cablet, which consists of nine Strands, which is vulgarly called a Hawser, being generally used for transporting or warping Ships, _&c._

Head Sails

Are those Sails which belong to the Foremast and Bowsprit, because they govern the Head of the Ship, and make her fall off, or keep out of the Wind, and are in quarter Winds the chief drawing Sails.

Head Sea

Is when a great Wave or Billow of the Sea comes right a-head of a Ship when in her Course.

Hearth Staves

Are to clear the Smith's Fires, or raise the large Cinders.

Heave

Signifies to throw or fling any Thing over-board; also turning about the Capston, is called heaving at the Capston; likewise when a ship being at Anchor, riseth and falleth by the Force of the Waves, she is said to heave and set.

Heel

That Part of the Foot of any Mast, which is cut away in order for steping, is called the Heel of the Mast; but the Heels of Topmasts are square, through which they put the Fidd; also if a Ship lie on one Side, whether she be a-ground or a-float, they say she heels.

Helm

Is a Piece of Timber, fastened into the Rother Head, and comes as forward as the Bulk Head of the Gun Room, and he that steers the Ship, holds the Whipstaff in his Hand, which is fastened into the Helm, but lately they are left off, and Steering Wheels are made use of.

The Terms of Art belonging to the Helm are,

1 _Port the Helm_,—

That is, put the Helm over to the left Side of the Ship.

2 _Starboard the Helm_,—

That is, put it to the Right Side of the Ship.

3 _Right the Helm, or Helm a Midship_,—

That is, keep it even with the Middle of the Ship.

4 _Bear up the Helm_,—

That is, let the Ship go more large before the Wind.

5 _Bear up round_,—

That is, let the Ship go directly before the Wind, in the Middle between her two Sheats.

Helve

A Handle for Axes, Hammers or Mauls.

Hemp

Is brought from Riga, _Queenbro'_, _Russia_, _Petersburgh brock_, or _Konninsburgh_, is received into the Rope Yard, and wrought up into Cordage, Lines or Twine.

Hencoops

Are for keeping Fowls in.

Hinges

Butt

Are used by the Joyners for hanging Table Leaves, _&c._

Casement

Used for hanging them.

Dovetail

Ess

For light Doors or Lockers.

Garnet Cross

For hanging large Doors or heavy Scuttles.

Ditto Dozen

For hanging small Scuttles.

Locker joynts

Are used for small Lockers.

Port

For hanging Ships Ports.

Riseing

For Cabbin Doors, _&c._

Scuttle

For Scuttles.

Side

For Cabbin Doors, _&c._

Hitch

Is a Word to catch hold of any Thing with a Hook or Rope, and to hold it fast; thus when a Boat is to be hoisted in, Hitch the Tackles into the Ring Bolts of the Boat; so Hitch the Fish Hook to the Flook of the Anchor when they are about to weigh.

Hoist

Is for hawling up any Thing into the Ship, or getting up a Topmast, Yard, _&c._

Hold

Is all that Part of a Ship which lies between the Keelson and lower Deck, wherein are Bulk-heads, and they divided, are the Steward Room, Powder Room, Bread Room, and Boatswain and Carpenter's Store Rooms.

Hold Fasts

Are made of Iron, used by Joyners, House Carpenters, or Carvers; goes through their Benches to hold fast such Work as cannot be finished by its being held in the Hand.

Hold Off

Is a Term used in weighing the Anchor, when the Voyal is about the Capston; for if the Cables are stiff, or have lain long in Oazy Ground, unless that Part of the Cable heaving in, be hawled away hard by the Capston, the Voyal will surge or slip back, therefore must be hawled away as fast as it comes in, so as that it may keep close about the Whelps; and this Work is called holding off, and may be done by Hand with a small Cable; but in all great Ships, they hold off with Nippers, and in small Craft they bring the Cable to the Jeer Capston, or about a Windlass.

Hood

Is made of Copper, to go on the Top of the Chimney, (which is placed on the Fore-castle for carrying the Smoke out of the Cook Room) and to shift as the Wind does, that it may always fly out to leeward.

Hooks

When the Edges of Planks are fayd into one another thus, ᒥᒪᒥᒪᒥ it is said to be Hook and Butt.

Hooks

Boat

Are for fending or setting off Boats.

Cann

Are for hoisting Casks out or into the Ship.

Cant

Are for turning or canting large Masts, having at one End a Ring for a Hand-spike to go through, and at the other a Claw, which penetrates into the Masts when they are made Use of to turn them for Survey, _&c._

Fish

Is to take hold of the Shank of the Anchor when to be hove up to the Bow.

Flesh

With which the Cook takes the Beef and Pork out of the Furnaces.

Gamming

Used when Gammoning the Bowsprit.

Kettle

To hang the Kettles or Pots on over the Fire.

Laying

Are used by the Rope-makers when laying of Cordage.

Port

Are drove into the Ship's Sides, on which the Ports hang.

Puttock

For the Plates to hook upon.

Rave

Used by the Caulkers for picking the old Ocham out of the Seams of Ships, _&c._

Sheer

Are great Hooks let into, or put on the Main and Fore Yard Arms of Fireships, in order to fasten into an Enemy's Shrouds, Sails or Rigging.

Spinning

Are drove into the Rails for the Rope-makers to hang their Threads on, as they spin them.

Tackle

Spliced into the Straps of Blocks or Ends of Rope.

Hook Pinns

Are Bolts made with a shoulder at one End, and used by the House Carpenters in frameing, which they drive through the Mortice's and Tennants of the Work prepared for Building or Wharfing.

Hoops Iron

Anchor Stock Capston Masts

Are drove round them in order to their greater Strength and Security.

Hoops Wood

Mast

Nailed round them on each Side of the Wooldings.

Top

Fastened and nailed round the Rims of the Top.

Horse

Is a Rope in a Ship made fast at each Yard Arm, and on which the Men stand to furl the Sails; and is also a Frame of Wood the Riggers make use of to woold Ships Masts, which hath a Rowl fixed in it, whereon several Turns are taken for heaving the Rope taught round the Mast before the Nails are drove through the Rope.

Horse Irons

Used by the Caulkers, when they cannot come at a Seam with their common Irons.

Hounds

Are that shouldered Part of all Masts over which the Shrouds are put; and all above that is called the Mast-head.

Housed in

When the Breadth of a Ship's Bearing is brought in too narrow to her upper Works, or pinched in too much, she is Housed-in.

Hull

Is the main Body of a Ship without either Masts, Yards, Sails, or Rigging.

Hullock

Is some small Part of a Sail, let loose in a great Storm; it is chiefly used in the Mizon to keep the Ship's Head to the Sea when all the rest of the Sail is made up, except a little at the Mizon Yard Arm.

Hummers

Used by the Scavengers for rakeing up the Filth that comes off from the Ships Bottoms upon their being scrub'd, which settles at the Bottom of the Dock, or upon the Apron near the Gates; are made of Wood, not unlike a Rake.

Jeer

Is a large Rope reeved through treble or double Blocks, lashed at the Mast-head and on the Yard, which are to hoist or lower the Low-Yards.

Jewel

Made not unlike the Ring of an Anchor, and of Substance, that its Weight may carry it down, to purchase any Thing that is heavy under Water, when two Parts of a Cable or Rope are put through it, and as they heave, the Jewel slides down, jams the Bite, so as that it may not slip off the Purchase the Rope is about.

Jews Harp

Are made of Iron, and of such Substance and suitable Strength, as to be sufficient to hold the Pendant Chain where the Moaring Cable is bent to the Ring, and secured by a Forelock; the other End, which is round, takes the two short Pendant Chains the Rings of the Anchors are fastened to; as is the Wood Buoy and Chain.

Iron

Orground, _Stockholm_ and _Spanish_, used by the Smiths for making Anchors, Bolts, Hoops, and for all other Services where it is proper to be used in building Ships, or about the Docks, Wharfs, and Yard, _&c._

Iron Sick

A Ship or Boat is said to be Iron-sick, when her Bolts or Nails are so eaten with Rust, and so worn away, that they make hollows in the Planks, so as to make the Ship Leaky.

Junk

Is old Cables cut into short Lengths, and issued to Boatswains for making Swabs, Platts and Nippers; to Carpenters of Ships, and to poor People to be picked into Ocham, for Caulking Ships Sides, Decks, _&c._

Jury Mast

Whatever is set up in the Room of a Mast lost in a Fight, or by a Storm, and fastened into the Partners, and fitted with a lesser Yard, Sails and Ropes, is called a Jury Mast, _&c._

Jutty heads

Platforms standing on Piles which are made near the Docks, and project without the Wharfs for the more convenient docking and undocking Ships.

Keckle

When the Cables of a Ship gaul in the Hawse, they wind old Rope about them, which is called Keckling.

Kedging

When a Ship is brought up or down in a narrow River, and the Wind contrary to the Tide, and yet is to go with the Tide, they use to set their Fore Course, or Fore-top-sail and Mizon, that so they may flat her about; and if she happens to come over too near the Shore, they have a small Anchor in a Boat with a Warp fastened to it from the Ship, which Anchor they let fall, in order to wind and turn her Head about; and this Work is called Kedging.

Keel

The principal Piece of Timber first laid when a Ship is to be built, her whole Length from the lower Part of her Stem to the lower Part of the Stern Post; into this are all the lower Futtocks fastened and bolted Fore and Aft; to the under Part of which, a false Keel is brought on.

Keelers

Are small Tubs, which hold Stuff for the Caulkers to grave Ships Bottoms, on their being hawled on the Ways, or into the Dock.

Keelson

A principal Piece of Timber fayd within Side of the Ship, cross all the Floor Timbers, and it being adjusted exactly over the Keel with suitable Scarphs, it thereby strengthens the Bottom of the Ship.

Kerfe

The Furrows made by a Saw in Timber, Plank, Deals, _&c._

Kersey

Is allowed to make Waste Cloths, Top Armours, or other Accommodations on board a Ship, Lining entering Ropes, _&c._

Kettles

Double

With two Covers, for dressing Provisions in, when a Ship's Company is small.

Fish Small

Are single, and used for several Services on board, and for the Mens Provisions.

Kevels

Are Pieces of Plank fayd against the Quickwork on the Quarter Deck, in the Shape of a Semi-circle, for belaying the running Rigging to.

Kinks

When Cables or Cordage is new, or too hard laid, it is stubborn, and very apt when handed to be coyled to take in Turns, which is called Kinking.

Knee of the Head

Is commonly called the Cut-water, it supports the Lyon, and all the Rail-work, _&c._ of the Head.

Knees

Iron

Serve as Standards in some Parts of the Ship; and are also used in Boats, to keep the Thauts fast to the Side of the Boats.

Wood

Crooked Timbers which brace and bear the End of the Beams, _&c._ to the Ship's Side, and are called either Hanging, Lodging, Raking, or Square, and fixed to every Beam where they carry Guns.

Knettles

Two Pieces of spun Yarn put together untwisted.

Knight Heads

Are two Pieces of Timber to which the Halyards and the Top Ropes are belayed.

Knots

There are two Sorts of Knots used at Sea; one they call a Bowline Knot; by this the Bowline Bridles are fastened to the Cringles, and will not slip. The other is a Whale Knot, which is a round Knob or Knot made with three Strands of a Rope, and serves for the Topsail Sheats and Stoppers. The Divisions also of the Logline are called Knots, and are usually seven Fathom asunder; and then as many Knots as the Logline runs out in Half a Minute, so many Miles the Ship sails in an Hour.

Labour

When a Ship tumbles or rowls at Anchor, or under Sail at Sea, she is said to Labour.

Ladders

Those made of Wood are for going from one Deck to another; and those of Ropes, hung over the Stern of the Ships, are to enter out of the Boat, when the Weather is foul and the Sea high; as are those at the Side called Accommodation.

Ladles Pitch

Are used at Sea by the Carpenters of the Ships, to hold Stuff, to pay the Seams when caulked.

Land Fall

Signifies to fall in with the Land; thus, when a Ship out at Sea, expects to see Land in a little Time, and it so happens that she doth, they say, they have made a good Landfall.

Land Laid

When a Ship is just got out of Sight of the Land.

Land Lock'd

A Ship rides Land Lock'd when at an Anchor in such a Place, where there is no Point open to the Sea, so that she is safe from the Violence of Wind or Tide.

Land shut in

Is when another Point of Land hinders the Sight of that which a Ship came from.

Land to

Is when a Ship lies so far off from Shore that they can but just see Land.

Lanterns

Poop

Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass, and placed at the Ship's Stern.

Top

Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass; stands on a Crank at the Main-top when an Admiral or Commodore is on board.

Braces

Are to steady the Lanterns.

Girdles

Go round them.

Hand

Are allowed the Boatswain and Carpenter.

Powderroom

Are glazed with Stone-ground Glass, placed at the Bulk-head of the Magazine, and stands over a Wood Cistern lined with Lead, which is kept full of Water.

Storeroom

A triangular Light placed at the Bulk-head of the Boatswain and Carpenter's Store-Rooms.

Lanyards

Are Ropes reeved through dead Eyes of all Shrouds and Chains which are to slacken or set up the Shrouds. The Stays are also set taught by Lanyards; and those which fasten the Stoppers to the Cables, are called Lanyards.

Larboard

The Left Hand Side of the Ship when you stand with your Face to the Head.

Large

A Ship goes or sails Large, when she goes neither before the Wind or upon a Wind, but as it were, quartering between both; wherefore Large, Quartering, Veering or Lasking, are all of the same Signification.

Lashed

Signifies made fast.

Lashing

Is twice laid Cordage made out of old Rigging, and used for Lashing Booms, and other uses on board; and by the Boatswain of the Yard for rafting Timber, Masts, _&c._

Lasking

When a Ship sails neither by, nor directly before the Wind, she is said to go Lasking, which is much the same as Veering, or going with a quarterly Wind.

Latchetts

Small Line (made like Loops) is sewn to a Bonnet or Drabler for lacing them together.

Laths

Are used by the Bricklayers on the Roofs and Ceiling of Houses.

Launch

Is to put out; thus they say, Launch the Ship off the Stocks, or out of a Dock, Launch the Boat, Launch the Davit in or out, Launch out the Capston Bars; also when they have hoisted up a Yard high enough, they say in another Sense, Launch ho; that is, hoist no more; also in stowing any Thing in the Hold of a Ship, they cry, Launch Aft, or Launch forward on.

Leads

Deepsea Hand

Are bent to Lines for finding the Depth of Water.

Lead

Pipes

Large

Are used for the Pisdales on board a Ship, and for conveying the Water from the Cistern to the Officers Houses, and Jutty Heads.

Small

Are joined to the large Pipes as Branches to the Officers Houses, and Jutty Heads.

Mill'd

Is used for covering Houses, Gutters, lining the Ship's Furnaces, and several other Uses both a-float and a-shore.

Scuppers

Are let through the Ship's Sides for carrying the Water from off the Decks.

Leather

Buckets

Are fixed with Lanyards on board a Ship, to be ready in Case of Fire; and also are placed in the Officers Houses for that Purpose.

Hoses

Are for starting Water at the watering Places into Casks; and for the like Use on board Ships.

Licquor'd

Is for leathering Pump Chains.

Scuppers

Are nailed over the Holes of the Lead Scuppers, not only for carrying the Water down the Ship's Sides, but also prevents its washing in on the Gun-deck.

Ledges

Are square Pieces of Timber, reaching from Carling to Carling thwart Ships, and the Decks are fastened to these, as well as to the Carlings and Beams.

Lee

A Word diversly used at Sea; they mean generally by it, the Part opposite to the Wind.

Lee Fangs

Are Ropes reeved into the Cringles of Yachts and Hoys Sails.

Lee Latch

A Word of Command to the Men at the Helm or Steering Wheel, spoken by him that Conds, to take Care that the Ship don't go to leeward of her Course.

Lee Shore

Is that on which the Wind blows; and therefore to be under the Lee of the Shore, is to be close under the Weather Shore, or under the Wind.

Leeward Ship

One that doth not keep her Wind, or doth not sail so near the Wind, nor make her Way so good as she should.

ALee the Helm

They mean put the Helm to the Leeward Side of the Ship.

To lay a Ship by the Lee, or to come by the Lee, is to bring her so that all her Sails may lie flat against her Masts and Shrouds, so that the Wind may come right upon her Broadside.

Leech of a Sail

Signifies the outward Skirt of the Sail from the Earing to the Clew, or Middle of the Sail between the two.

Leech Lines

Are Ropes fastened to the Leech of the Topsails (only) and then reeved into a Block at the Yard, just by the Topsail Runners; their Use is to hawl in the Leech of the Sail, when the Topsails are to be taken in, which is always first done, and then the Sail can be taken in with the greater Ease.

Lett Fall

The Word at Sea for putting out a Sail when the Yard is Aloft, and the Sail is to come down from the Yard; but when the Yards are lowered, then the Sail is loosed below, before they hoist the Yard: Neither is it said properly of Topsails, because the Yards lie on the Cap, and therefore the Word for them is, Heave out your Topsails; nor can it be applied to the Mizon; for to it, the Word is, Strike the Mizon and set it, so that in Strictness it belongs only to the Main and Fore Courses, when their Yards are hoisted up.

Level

An Instrument used by Carpenters, Bricklayers and Masons, and made of a long Piece of Wood at Bottom, and with an upwright Piece in the Middle, to hold a Thread and Plummet, which plays about a perpendicular line there drawn, and when it falls exactly on it, then is the Bottom Piece in a true Level or horizontal Position.

Lewis's

Are made of Iron, and put into the Holes the Masons cut beveling in large Stones for purchasing them, which spread themselves (by having a Wedge put into the Middle) like a Dovetail, so that there is no Danger of the Stones falling when hoisted up, in order to be laid in its bed of Mortar.

Lie

A Ship lies under the Sea, when her Helm being made fast a Lee, she lies so a-hull that the Sea breaks upon her Bow, or her Broadside.

Lieutenant

Is a Commission Officer next to the Captain, who, upon the Death or Absence of the Commander, has the entire Charge and Conduct of the Ship, and stands accountable for the whole Duty as Commander of her; and the youngest is to exercise the Seamen, and to see that the Small Arms are kept in good order.

Lifts

Are Ropes made fast to the Yard Arms, and their Use is either to hoist or top the Yard, that is, to make the Ends of the Yards hang higher or lower, as occasion serves. The Topsail Lifts serve as Sheats to the Top-gallant Yards, as well as Lifts for the Topsail Yards. And they at the Spritsail Yard are standing and running Lifts.

Limber Boards

Are Pieces of Plank fayd from the Foot Waaling to the upper Edge of the Keelson, to prevent the Ballast stopping the free Course of the Buildge-water to the Pumps, which runs through Holes made in the Timbers for that Purpose, and are called Limber Holes.

Limber Irons

Are to clear the Holes so as that the Water may pass without Interruption to the Well.

Linch Pins

Are made of Iron, and go through the Axle-trees of Carts, Timber Carriages, _&c._ to keep on their Wheels or Trucks.

Lines

Cabbin

Are for lacing the Officers Bed Places.

Deepsea

Bent to a Lead, in order to sound the Depth of Water.

Logg

Are wound about a Reel, to keep an Account of the Ship's Way through the Sea; this Line for about ten Fathom from the Logg, hath, or ought to have, no Knots or Divisions, because so much should be allowed for the Logg's being clear out of the Eddy of the Ship's Wake, before they turn up the Glass; but then the Knots or Divisions begin, and ought to be at least fifty Feet from one another, though the common Practice at Sea is to have them but seven Fathom.

Sail

Are used by the Sail-makers in their Work.

Sash

Are used for hoisting or lowering Sashes.

Tarr'd

Are used for seizing Ropes and Blocks.

White

Are bent to Hand Leads for sounding the Depth of Water.

Links

Are made use of by the Men when they work at Night, either on docking the Ships, or repairing Wharfs, Jutty Heads, _&c._

List

If a Ship heels either to Starboard or Port, they say, she hath a List that Way; and they say so, if it be occasioned only by the shooting of her Ballast, or by the unequal stowing of Things in her Hold; though it is more properly said of a Ship, when she is inclined to heel any way upon the Account of her Mold or Make.

Lockers

Are a Kind of Box or Chest made in the Officers Cabbins to put or stow any Thing in.

Locks

Brass

Are allowed Flag Ships.

Casement Chest Cupboard Hanging Plate Spring Double Spring Single Stock

Are used by the Master, House Carpenter, Master Joiner, and Carpenters of Ships, for such uses as they are proper for.

Logg

Is a Piece of Wood or Board about seven or eight Inches long, of a triangular Figure, and with as much Lead cast into it at one End, as will serve to make it swim upright in the Water; at the other End of which the Logline is fastened.

Loggerheat

Is made with a large round Ball of Iron at one End of a Handle, and is to heat Pitch on board a Ship.

Loof of a Ship

Is that Part of her Aloft which lies just before the Chess-tree.

Loom

If a Ship appears big at Sea when seen at a Distance, they say she Looms, or appears a great Ship.

Loom Gale

Is a gentle easy Gale of Wind, in which a Ship can carry her Topsails a Trip.

Loop hole

Are Holes made in the Comings of the Hatches of Ships, and in their Bulk-heads to fire Muskets through, in a close Fight.

Luff