Part 3

Is an Instrument made in a large Brass Box, with Imbers and a broad Limb, having Ninety Degrees diagonally divided, with an Index and Thread to take the Sun's Amplitude or Azimuth, in order to find the Difference between the Magnetical Meridian and the Sun's Meridian, which shews the Variation of the Compass.

Brass Box

They stand in the Bittacle, that the Men at the Steering Wheel may see to keep the Ship in her right Course.

Hanging

Flag Officers are generally furnished with them to hang up in their great Cabbins.

Cond

Is to Guide or Conduct a Ship in her right Course; he that Conds gives the Word of Direction to the Men at the Steering Wheel how to Steer.

Cook

Is a Warrant Officer that dresses the Ship's Companys Victuals.

Cookroom

Is variously seated, generally in the Fore-Castle, but in some great Ships it is on the Middle Deck, and in lesser on a Plat-form under the Deck.

Cordage

Is in general all the Ropes belonging to the Standing or Running Rigging of a Ship, and is also distinguished by,

Cablelaid

Is made with nine Strands, (_i. e._) the first three Strands are laid slack, and then three of them being closed together makes a Cable or Cablet; the same for Tacks, but they are laid tapering.

Hawserlaid

Is made only with three Strands.

Stays

Are Cablelaid, but made with four Strands as Cables are with three, with an Addition of an Heart which goes through the Center of them.

Counter

Is the arching Part of the Stern above the Wing Transom, and the lower is from the Wing Transom to the Upper Deck, and the other is from the Upper Deck to the lower Edge of the Ward-room or Great Cabbin, the Projecture of which, is lower almost the Quadrant of a Circle.

Course

The Point of the Compass on which a Ship Steers.

Courses

In a Ship are her low Sails, and when she Sails under them only, they say she goes under her Courses.

Coxswain

Is the Person who sits in the Box at the Boat's Stern, Steers her, hath the Direction and Command of the Boat's Crew.

Coyle

When Cables or Ropes are placed in a round or oval Ring, one fake (or turn) upon one another, so that they may the more easily be stowed out of the Way, and also run out free and smooth without Kinks as they call them, _i. e._ without twisting or doubling, then they are said to be coyled up.

Crabb

An Engine of Wood with three Claws placed on the Ground like a Capston, and is used at launching or heaving Ships into the Dock.

Cradle

A Frame of Timber fayd to the Outside of a Ship under her Buildge, for the more securely and commodiously Launching her.

Craft

Are small Vessels, such as Ketches, Hoys, Smacks, _&c._ they call all such small Craft.

Cramps

Short Pieces of Iron, whose Ends being turned down, are let into Stones, and melted Lead being run into the Holes, binds two Stones fast together.

Cranes

Are placed on the Wharfs for hoisting up Anchors, Timber, and other bulky Weights.

Cranes Chimney

For hanging a Kettle or Pot on in the Cook Room.

Cranes Gangway

Are hung in the Wast of the Ship, and when Deals are laid on them, make a Gangway from the Quarter Deck to the Fore-Castle.

Crank

A Term for a Ship that cannot bear her Sails for fear of overseting, or cannot be brought on Ground without Danger of injureing her Body.

Cranks

Bell

Made fast to the Stock, for ringing it.

Lantern

Supports the Lanterns, either at the Ship's Stern, or at the Round Top.

Creeper

Made like a Grapnel, but without Flooks, the Use of which is to recover sunken Stores that may be lost over-board.

Cringles

Are small Pieces of Rope spliced into the Body Rope of Courses and Topsails, and are,

_First_, The Bowline Cringle, to which the Bowline Bridle is fastened.

_Second_, Leech Cringle, where the Leechlines and Clewgarnets are made fast.

_Third_, Reef Cringle, to which is fastened the Reef-tackle Tye.

There are also Cringles made of Iron, which are Rings to go round the Stays of Hoys or Yachts, and are seized to their Fore-sails and Jibbs for the more easy hoisting them.

Crossjack

Is a Yard flung at the upper End of the Mizon Mast under the Top; it hath no Halyards belonging to it; its Use is to spread and hawl Home the Mizon-top-sail Sheats.

Crosspiece.

Is a great Piece of Timber which goes a-cross the Bitts of a Ship, and about which several Turns of the Cable are taken when she Rides at Anchor.

Crosstrees.

Are Pieces that go a-cross the Tressle-trees at each of the standing Mast-heads; there are two and three to a Top-mast.

Crotches

Are very crooked Pieces of Timber in the Hold or Bread-room, from the Mizon Step Aft, fayd cross the Keelson to strengthen the Ship in the Wake of the half Timbers.

Crotches Iron

Are used on board Sloops or Long Boats, which go with Shoulder of Mutton Sails, for their Boom to lodge upon.

Crows

Are made with a Claw at one End, and a sharp Point at the other, and used for heaving or purchasing great Weights.

Crowfoot

Are small Ropes put through the Holes of dead Eyes, and divided into several Parts, and spreads from the Rim of the Tops, pointways to a Tackle on the Stays, for preventing the Topsails getting foul of them.

Cuddy

Is a Place upon the Quarter Deck Afore the Captain's Cabbin. When an Admiral is on board, it is divided into Partitions for the Secretary's Office.

Culm

Is used for burning _Plymouth_ Marble Stone, or Chalk, to make Lime.

Davit

A Piece of Timber in a Ship having a Notch at one End, in which, by a Strap, hangs a Block called the Fish Pendant Block, the Use of which is, to hawl up the Flook of the Anchor, in order to fasten it to the Ship's Bow; this Davit is shiftable from one Side to the other as occasion serves.

Dead Eyes

Are a Kind of Blocks having three Holes in them, and through them the Lanyards go, which make fast the Shrouds below to the Chains; the Fore, Main and Mizon Stays of a Ship are set taught by dead Eyes, but they have only one Hole through which the Lanyards have several Turns passed through them.

Crowfoot

Has a great many Holes bored through them, wherein is reeved the Crowfoot for the Top.

Ironbound

Serves (in Case a Chain Plate gives way) with being hooked to a Shroud Ess as a Chain Plate.

Dead

Reckoning

Is that Estimation, Judgment or Conjecture which is made where a Ship is, by keeping an Account of her Way by the Logg, in knowing the Course they have steered by the Compass, and by rectifying all the Allowance for Drift, Leeway, _&c._ according to the Ship's Trim, so that this reckoning is without any Observation of the Sun, Moon and Stars, and is to be rectified as often as any good Observation can be had.

Riseing

Are Pieces of Timber put on the Keel one upon another Afore and Abaft; there is more or less according as the Ship is either full or lean; if the latter, the dead Wood is so put that the Floor Timbers would be within a Square.

Water

Is the Water just behind the Stern of a Ship, and if a great Eddy follows her, they say, she makes much Dead-water; this is called so, because it doth not pass away so swiftly as the Water running by her Side.

Deals Ordinary

Are used by the House Carpenters and Joyners for Flooring, making Bulk-heads, _&c._

Deals Prusia

For Ships upper Works, or laying their Decks.

Deck

Is a planked Floor, on which the Guns lye, and Men walk. In great Ships there are three Decks, Upper, Middle and Gun, besides a Quarter Deck, which reaches from the Bulk-head of the Round-house, to very near the Main-mast.

Diall

A Square Piece of Wood, framed and made not unlike the Dial Plate of a Clock, whereon the Hours are painted, fixed to the Mizon-Mast, and after the Ship's Bell being struck, they put the Hand of it to the Hour.

Dipping Needle

A Magnetical Needle, so hung, that instead of playing horizontally, and pointing out _N_° and _S_°, one End dips and inclines to the Horizon, the other Points to a certain Degree of Elevation.

Division

Or Squadron, being Part of a Fleet, commanded by a Flag Officer or Commodore.

Dock

Is made by the Side of the Harbour for taking in Ships, and Men to work in, in order to build or repair them.

A Dry-Dock, the Water is kept out by Gates, 'till a Ship is built or repaired, but after that, can easily be let in to Float and Launch her.

A Wet-Dock is a Place where a Ship lies a Float at all Times of Tide to be repaired in.

Dogger

A small Vessel built after the _Dutch_ fashion, with a narrow Stern, and commonly but one Mast.

Doggs

Fire

To burn Wood on.

Timber

Are drove into Timber for Horses to draw it about the Yard, or to the Saw-pits.

Drabler

Made of Canvas, to be added to a Bonnet when there is need of more Sail.

Drags

Are for clearing the Aprons of the Docks of the Filth, that the Gates may the better, and without Difficulty, open and shut.

Drift Sail

Used under Water, veered Right out a-head, upon the Sea in a Storm, being to keep the Ship's Head Right upon the Sea.

Drive

A Ship is said to drive, when her Anchors will not hold her fast; to prevent which, they Veer out more Cable, (for the more she has out, the surer and safer she Rides) or else they let go more Anchors.

Earing

Is that Part of the Boltrope which at the four Corners of the Sail is left open in the Form of a Ring; the two uppermost of which are put over the Yard-Arms to fasten the Sail to the Yard: And into those at the Foot, the Tacks and Sheats are seized or bent to the Clews.

Ease the Ship

Done by slackening the Shrouds when they are too stiff set up.

Eddy

When the Water turns back contrary to the Tide.

End for End

When a Rope is all run out of the Block, _&c._

Engines Water

Are for extinguishing any Fire that may happen on board a Ship, when Breaming, Cleaning, or Graving, on which occasion a Number stand ready filled with Water on each Side of the Dock, and Mann'd, to prevent any fatal Accident of Fire.

Esses

Kettle

For a Kettle or Pot to hang on in the Cook-Room.

Shroud

To hook into an Iron-bound dead Eye, to serve as a Chain-plate in Case of Need.

Eye

The Compass or Ring left in the Strap of any Block, which is called the Eye of the Strap.

Fagg

The End of those Strands which do not go through the Tops, when a Cable or Rope is closed, are called Faggs.

Fake

Is one Round or Circle of a Cable or Hawser coyled up out of the Way.

Fall

That Part of the Rope of a Tackle which is hauled upon, is called a Fall. Also when a Ship is under Sail, and keeps not so near the Wind as she should do, they say, She Falls off: Or when a Ship is not flush, but hath riseings of some Parts of her Decks more than others, it is called Falls.

Fashion Pieces

Are two Compassing Pieces of Timber, into them are fixed on each Side, the Transom.

Fathom

A Line of small Rope cut six Feet long, and used for measuring the Length of Cables and Cordage.

Fend

For defending or saving a Boat from being staved against the Rocks, Shore, or Ships Sides.

Fenders

Signifies any Pieces of Junk or old Cable, hung over the Ship's Sides, to keep others from rubbing against her. Boats have also the same.—Those made of Iron are for the Hearth in the Cook-Room.

Fidds

Spliceing

Are used to splice or fasten Ropes together, and are made tapering at one End; and so are those made of Wood, which are used for spliceing Cables. So there is also one goes through the Heel of the Top-mast, which bears upon the Chess-trees, and are called

Topmast

Top-mast Fidds.

Files

Are for wheting Saws, and used by the Smiths in their Works.

Fire

Fork Shovell Tongs

For the Use of the Cook-Room.

Fishes

Are Pieces of Timber put upon the Masts and Yards if sprung, or for strengthening them, least they should fail in Stress of Weather.

Fishing Geer

A Sett which consists of Nets, Lines, Hooks, _&c._ is allowed to each Ship which goes to the _East_ and _West Indies_, _Virginia_, _Guinea_, _New England_, _New York_, _St. Helena_, and the _Cape_, and _South Carolina_.

Fish Pendant

Hangs at the End of the Davit, by the Strap of the Block, to which the Fish Hook is spliced, by which means the Flook of the Anchor is hawled up to the Ship's Bow or Chanwaal.

Flareing

When a Ship is a little housing in, near the Water, and the upper Work hangs over, or is broader aloft.

Flatts

Is a Midship, and as many Timbers Afore and Abaft, that has no more riseing than the Midship Flatt, are all called Flatts.

Flitting

Altering or removing a dead Eye in the Low or Top-mast Shrouds and Backstays, either to lengthen or shorten them, is called Flitting.

Float

Is an Instrument used by the Smiths to make their Work smooth, instead of a File.

Floor

Are those Timbers lying transverse to the Keel, being bolted through it; they are the first laid in the Order of building, and where the Floor sweep begins, there the Streight one Ends; and when there is a great many Flatts, that has little or no rising, than we say, She carries her Floor a great Way Fore and Aft. And strictly taken, is so much only of her Bottom as she rests upon, when lying a-ground.

Flown Sheats

A ship sails with Flown Sheats when they are not hauled Home, or close to the Blocks; they say when in a Gust of Wind, Let fly the Sheats, for fear the Ship should overset or spring her Top-masts.

Flush

When the Deck of a Ship has no Bulk-heads from Stem to Stern, they say, Her Decks are Flush Fore and Aft.

Foot waaling

Is all the Inboard Planking, from the Keelson upwards to the Orlop Clamps.

Fore Castle

Is that Part where the Fore-mast stands, and it is divided from the Rest of the Floor by the Bulk-head, in which generally the Cook-Room is built; as are the Boatswain, Carpenter and Cook's Cabbins.

Fore Foot

Is the foremost Part of the Keel, that first takes the Ground.

Forelocks

Are little flat Wedges made of Iron, used at the Ends of Bolts to keep them from flying out of the Holes.

Fore reach

A Ship fore reaches upon another, when both sailing together, one Sails better, or out goeth the other.

Forks

Breeming

Used by the Caulkers, to hold the Furz Faggots, when on fire, for cleaning Ships bottoms, when to be graved.

Flesh

For taking Pieces of Beef or Pork, when dressed by the Cook, out of the Furnaces.

Foul

When a Ship has been long untrimmed, so that Grass, Weeds, or Barnacles stick, or grow to her Sides under Water, she is then said to be Foul; also a Rope is Foul when it is either tangled in its self, or hindered by another, so that it cannot run or be over hawled.

Foul Water

A Ship is said to make Foul-water, when being under Sail, she comes into such Shoal Water, that though her Keel do not touch the Ground, yet she comes so near it, that the Motion of the Water under her, raiseth the Mud from the Bottom.

Founder

A Ship is said to Founder, when by any extraordinary Leak, or by a great Sea, breaking in upon her, she is filled with Water, that she cannot be freed of it, nor able to swim under it, but sinks with the Weight thereof.

Free

The Pump Frees a Ship when it throws out more Water than Leaks into her; but on the contrary, when it cannot throw out the Water so fast as it Leaks in, they say, The Pump cannot Free her; also bailing or lading Water out of a Boat, is called freeing the Boat.

Freeze

When Ships Quarters and upper Works are painted with Trophies, _&c._ then it is said they are freezed.

Fresh Shot

Signifies the falling down of any great River into the Sea.

Funnels

Copper

Are used as a Chimney, where Commanders have a Stove in the Great Cabbin.

Lead

Are fixt in the Galleries of Ships.

Furl

For wrapping up and binding any Sail close to the Yard, which is done by hauling upon the Clew-lines, Bunt-lines, _&c._ which wraps the Sail close together, and being bound fast to the Yard, with the Gaskets, the Sail is furled.

Furnaces

Copper

For dressing the Ship's Companies Victuals in, or heating Tar at the Rope Yard.

Iron

For heating Pitch, Tar or Turpentine for the Caulkers paying Ships Bottoms or Sides.

Furring

Is the regular fashioning out any Part when the main Piece of the Material is scanty, either by Defects, Wains, or want of Thickness, then a Piece of the same is put behind it, to make good its Thickness, which is called a Furr.

Furz Faggots

For Breeming Ships when in the Dock to be cleaned, or under Repair.

Futtocks

There are lower, second, third and fourth, and these Timbers being put together, make a Frame-bend.

Gage

When one Ship is to windward of another, she is said to have the Weather Gage of her.

Gages

Are used by the Smiths, for gageing Bolts, so as to make them of a true and right Size.

Gale

When the Wind blows not so hard but that a Ship can carry her Topsails a Trip, (that is, hoisted up to the Highest) then they say it is a Loom Gale. When it blows very strong, they say, it is a stiff, strong, or fresh Gale. When two Ships are near one another at Sea, and there being but little Wind blowing, one of them finds more of it than the other, they say, that the Ship Gales away from the other.

Gallery

Is that beautiful Frame, which is made at the Stern of a Ship without-board, into which there is a Passage out of the Admiral's or Captain's Cabbin, and are for stately Shew and Ornament to the Ship.

Gally

Is a Place in the Cook-Room, where the Grates are set up, and in which they make Fires, for boyling or roasting the Victuals.

Gammoning

Are several turns of Rope taken round the Bowsprit, and reeved through Holes in the Knee of the Head, for the greater Security of the Bowsprit.

Gang

To man the Boat, is to put a Gang of Men (which is a Company) into her, who are called the Boat's Crew.

Gangway

A Deal Plat-form, about three Feet wide in great Ships, ranging in the Wast from the Quarter Deck to the Fore Castle, over the upper Deck Guns, for a free Passage for the Officers and Men, in working the Ship either at Sea or in an Engagement; and so is the Walk made from the Ladder to the Quarter Deck, called the Gangway, and lies even with the Gunwale.

Garboard Strake

Is the Plank next the Keel, one Edge of which is run into the Rabit made in the upper Edge of the Keel on each Side.

Garnet

Is a Tackle in a Ship having a Pendant coming from the Main-mast, with a Block well seized to the Main-stay, just over the Hatchway, to which a Guy is fixed to keep it steady; and at the other End is a Long Tackle Block, in which the Fall is reeved, that so by it any Goods or Casks may be hauled and hoisted into, or out of the Ship; when this Garnet is not used, it is fastened along by the Stay.

Gaskets

Made out of Junk or Rope Yarns, are for fastening the Sails to the Yards when furled up.

Gin

Is a Machine made for driving Piles fitted with a Windlass and Winches at each End, where eight or nine Men heave, and round which a Rope is reeved, (that goes over a Wheel at the Top) whose End is seized to an Iron Monkey, that hooks to a Beetle of different Weights, according to the Pile they are to drive, being from Eight to Thirteen Hundred Weight, and when hove up to a cross Piece near the Wheel, it unhooks the Monkey, whereby the Beetle falls on the upper End of the Pile, and forces the same into the Ground, and the Monkey's own Weight over-halls the Windlass, in order for its being hooked again to the Beetle.

Girding-girt

A Ship is Girt, or hath a Girding Girt, when her Cable being so tight or strained upon the Turning of the Tide, she cannot go over it, but lies a-cross the Tide.

Glasses

Watch

Being four Hours, governs them at Sea, for changing the Watch.

Half Watch

Runs two Hours.

Half Hour

For keeping the Time of Day and Night.

Half Minute

Quarter Minute

By them they count the Knots, when they heave the log, in order for finding what Way the ship makes through the Sea.

Glew

Used by the Joyners and House Carpenters in their Works.

Goreing

A Sail is cut Goreing, when it is cut sloping by Degrees, and is broader at the Clew than at the Earing, as all Topsails and Topgallant Sails are.

Gooseneck

A Piece of Iron fixed on the End of the Tiller to which the Lanyard of the Whipstaff, or the Wheel Rope comes, for steering the Ship.

Goosewing

When a Ship Sails before, or with a Quarter Wind in a fresh Gale, to make the more Haste, they Launch out a Boom and Sail on the Leeside, to give the Ship more Way, and a Sail so fitted is called a Goosewing.

Grapnells

Boat

Are a Kind of Anchors being made with four Flooks for Boats to ride by.

Fire & Chain Hand & Chain

Are made with barbed Claws instead of Flooks; are used to be thrown into an Enemy's Ship, to catch hold of Rigging or any other Part of the Hull, in order for boarding her.

Grates

Are put up in the Cook-Room to make Fires in for dressing Victuals.

Grateings

Are a Kind of Lettice-work formed of Ledges and Battins, the square Holes of which being three or four Inches wide, are for the current footing of Men over the Hatchways, to give Air alow, and Vent for the Smoke in an Engagement.

Grate Irons

Are to loosen the Mud and Sullage of the Docks, which lodge in the Grates of the Drains.

Graving

Is bringing a Ship a-ground, and then burning off with Furz, Reed, or Broom, all the Filth and Foulness that Sticks to her Bottom without board, in order to pay her anew.

Gripe

Is a Piece of Timber fay'd against the lower Piece of the Stem, from the Fore-mast End of the Keel, reconciling with the Knee of the Head; its Use is to defend the lower Part of the Stem from any Injury, but is often made the larger to make the Ship keep a good Wind.

Gromets

Are small Rings formerly fastened with Staples to the Yards, to make fast the Gaskets, but now never used.

Ground-tackle

Is a Ship's Anchors, Cables, _&c._ and in general whatever is necessary to make her ride safe at an Anchor.

Grounding

Is bringing a Ship on Ground to be clean'd, trim'd, or have a Leak stop'd.

Ground toes

Are what come from the Hemp when dressed at the Hatchel for the Spinners, and out of which Deepsea, Hamburgh, or Cabbin Lines, Marlin, and white Ocham are made.

Gudgeons

Are the Eyes drove into the Stern-post, into which the Pintles of the Rother go to hang it.

Gunner

Has the Charge of all the Ordnance, Ammunition, Small Arms, and other Stores allowed the Ship in his Province.

Gunwale

Is the Top of the Side in the Wast of all Ships, _&c._ on the Fore-castle, where there are no Ports, is a Plansheer, over which the Guns are fired, but in Boats all Fore and Aft.

Guy

Is any Rope, used for keeping off Things from bearing or falling against the Ship's Side, when they are to be hoisted in; that Rope also which is made fast to the Fore-mast at one End, and seized to a single Block at the Pendant of the Garnet, is also called the Guy of the Garnet.

Haile

Is either to call to a Ship, to know from whence she is, where bound, salute her, or to wish her Health.

Hair Loose

Used by the Bricklayers in their Mortar, and by the Caulkers to lay on Sheathing Board.

Hair Spunn

Used by the Caulkers for Caulking the Seams of Ships.

Halberts

For the Use of the Warders, that do Duty at the Yard Gate, and Jetty Heads.

Hallyards

Are those Ropes by which they hoist up all the Topsail Yards; the Cross Jack and Spritsail Yard have none, because they are always slung.

Hammacoes

Are made of Canvas for the Seamen to lie in.

Hammers

Clench

Are made with hardened Edges, to clench Bolts, _&c._

Fidd

Their Handle is made tapering in the Form of a Fidd.

Hack

Are for notching the Edges of Hacksaws to saw Bolts.

Picking

Are used by the House Carpenters for dressing Grindstones, and Bricklayers on slateing and tyleing.

Sett

Are used by the Mast-makers for setting up Iron Hoops on Ships Masts, Yards, _&c._

Hances

Falls or Descents of the Fife Rails which are placed from the Stern down to the Gangways.

Hand Cuffs

Are for securing Pirates when taken Prisoners.

Hand Hooks

Are used by the Smiths to turn or twist square Iron.

Hand Screws Double} Single}

Used for canting Timber, or other weighty Stores.

Handsplices