Part 1

Produced by Steven Gibbs, Linda Cantoni, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

[Transcriber's Note: Obvious printer errors have been corrected without note. In the original, Andros's will contains no punctuation, and new sentences are indicated with large spaces, which are represented here by long dashes.]

MEMOIR

OF

SIR EDMUND ANDROS.

A

MEMOIR

OF

SIR EDMUND ANDROS, KNT.,

GOVERNOR OF NEW ENGLAND, NEW YORK AND VIRGINIA, &c., &c.

WITH A PORTRAIT.

BY WILLIAM HENRY WHITMORE, A.M.

Reprinted from the "Andros Tracts," published by the Prince Society of Boston, N.E.

Boston: PRINTED BY T.R. MARVIN & SON. 1868.

SIR EDMUND ANDROS.

Concerning the ancestry of Sir Edmund Andros, the sole printed authority is the memoir in the History of Guernsey by Jonathan Duncan, (London, 1841,) which occupies about three pages in that book. This sketch has been copied by Dr. E.B. O'Callaghan in his "Documents relating to the Colonial History of the State of New York," (ii. 740), and also in a note in Woolley's Journal (GOWAN'S Bibliotheca Americana). It seems that Andros placed on record at Heralds' College a very elaborate pedigree of his family, September 18th, 1686, a few days before he sailed to assume the government of New England. Although this document was used probably by DUNCAN, it is now printed for the first time in full, from a transcript made by Joseph L. Chester, Esq., of London.

* * * * *

The family of Andros, or Andrews as it is more frequently spelt, was of great antiquity in Northamptonshire, being long settled at Winwick in that county. One branch, which was raised in 1641 to the dignity of Baronet, was resident at Denton in the same county; and from the similarity of the arms, it is evident that Sir Edmund claimed the same paternity. The pedigree recorded at Heralds' College is as follows.

[Heralds' College, Book 2 D, XIV. fol. 175b]

ANDROS.--Gules, a saltire or surmounted by another vert, on a chief argent 3 mullets sable. [No crest.]

SAUSMAREZ.--Argent, on a chevron gules between 3 leopards' faces sable as many castles triple towered or. Crest: a falcon affrontant proper, beaked and membered or, [_not_ wings expanded as in the armory.] Supporters: Dexter, a unicorn, tail cowarded, argent; Sinister, a greyhound argent collared gules garnished or.

["This is a true Account of the Marriages and Issues of my family, and of the Armes we have constantly borne since our coming into Guernsey, as also of the Arms Crest and Supporters of Sausmarez whose heir General we married. Witnes my hand this 18th of September, 1686.

"E. ANDROS."]

[Transcriber's Note: In the original, the pedigree below is split across two facing pages. For readability, the split has been retained in this e-book, with bracketed notes as to where the table continues.]

Mr. John Andros, (alias = Judith de Sausmarez only daur: Andrews,) an English Gentleman | of Thomas de Sausmarez Lord of born in Northamptonsh: came | the Seigneurie of Sausmarez, into the Isle of Guernsey with | and sister and heir to George Sr Peter Mewtis Knt. Governor | Sausmarez her brother, married of the said Isle as his | Ao 1543. She dyed at Lieutenant, and was afterwards | Sausmarez, Ao 1557, and was a Capt of Foot in Calais, | buried in ye Church of St. where he dyed and was buried, | Martin. Ao 1554. | | +-------------+ | Alix Roiiaux = John Andros, eldest son = Secille Blondel = Margaret, wid: of of the said John was the | daur: of Mr. John daur: of Monsieur John King's Ward and committed | Blondel, one of Monsr de la Cour, to the custody of Sr | the Justices of Thomas second wife, Leonard Chamberlain, Knt. | the Royall Court Compton, obijt s. pr. Governour of the said Isle | in the said Isle Bailly of Ao 1595. until he came of age, | of Guernsey. the said which having attained he | Married to Mr. Isle, did his homage, and payd | John Andros, son third the Relief due to the King | of John Andros wife. for the said Seigneurie, | before mentioned, and had possession thereof, | 24 Oct: 1570, and was made Capt. of the | dyed 6 May 1588 Parish of St. Martin, and | and was buried at 28 May 1582, was sworne | St. Martins. one of ye Justices of the | First wife. Royal Court. | | +---------------+-------------------------------- |1 [continue with 2 John below] Mary Careye, daur: of = Thomas Andros, eldest son, = Elizabeth Carteret, Mr. Nicollas Careye, born at Sausmarez, 16 Oct. | eldest daur: of one of the Justices 1571. He was sworne one of | Mnsr Amice de of the Royal Court, the Justices of the Royal | Carteret, Seignr Married 1o Jun: 1597, Court after the death of | de la Trinite, and dyed in childbed his father, 2 Febr: 1609, | Lieutt Governor without Issue and Lieutt Governor of | and Bailly of the surviving, 6 Nov: Guernsey under my Lord | Isle of Guernsey 1598. First wife. Carew Governor 8 Jun: | married 22 Oct: 1611, and dyed 18 Apr: | 1606, dyed 3 Jan: 1637, at Sausmarez, and | 1672. 2d Wife. was there buried. | | +------------+-------------------------------------+------------+++------- |1 |2 ||| Catherine Amice Andros born at = Elizabeth Stone 3 Thomas married Sausmarez 5 Sept. 1610. | sister of Sr 4 Joshua to Monsr He was made Marshall of | Robert Stone, 5 & John, John ye Ceremonies to King | Knt., Cup-Bearer died Bonamy. Charles I. Ao 1632. | to the Queen of unmarried. Bailly of the Isle of | Bohemia, and [continue Guernsey by K. Ch. 2 | Captain of a with upon his Coronation in | Troop of horse 6 Elizabeth Scotland. Bayliff of the | in Holland. below] Royal Court in Guernsey | Ao 1661, and Major of | the Forces of the said | Isle. He dyed at | Sausmarez, 7 Apr. 1674. | | ++--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------- || |3 [continue with 4 Richard below] 1 Amice and Sr Edmond Andros, Knt. born at London, = Marie Craven eldest 2 Elizabeth 6 Dec. 1637, made Gentl: in Ordinary to daughter of Thomas dyed the Queen of Bohemia, Ao 1660, and Craven, and sister young. Major to the Regimt of foot sent into of Sr William America Ao 1666. After that, Major to Craven of Prince Rupert's Regimt of Dragoons Ao Apletrewick, in 1672. He was sworne Bailly of the Com: Ebor: and of Royall Court in Guernsey 30 Junij 1674, Combe Abbey in Co: and shortly after was constituted Warr: Knight, heir Governor general of New York in America in Reversion to the and knighted on his return from thence, Barony of Hamsted Ao 1681. He was sworn Gentl: of ye Marshall. Married Privy Chamber to the King Ao 1683, and in Febr: 1671. in ye year 1685 was made Lieutt Colonell to her Royal Highns the Pr. Anne of Denmark's Regt of Horse, commanded by the Earl of Scaresdale, and lastly this present year 1686 was made Governor of New England.

[continued from 1 Thomas Andros above] +--+---------------+-------------+--------------+ | |2 |3 |4 |5 | John, dyed Thomas, Elizabeth, Mary, died | unmarried. dyed married to Mr. an infant. | young. Peter Painsec, | Minister of St. | Peters Port. | | [continued from 5 John above] |+----+-------+-----+--------+-------------------------+------+ || |6 |7 |8 |9 |10 |11 || Elizabeth, | Secille, Charles = Alix, dau: Peter, | || married to | married Andros, | and sole died | || Monsieur | to Capt: Seigne'r | heir of an | || John | Nicollas D'Anneville, | M. Thomas infant. | || Dobree, | Ling. living 1686, | Fashin, | || merchant. | marr: to his | Seigneur +----+ || | first wife, | D'Anneville, | -+| Anne, Collette, | 2d wife. | | died daur: of | William = Judith, | an Jonas le | Andros, | dau: of | infant. Marchant by | 11th and | Monsr | whom he had | youngest | John | issue onely | child | Blondell. | one daughr: | dyed | | Elizabeth | 7 Nov: | | who dyed | 1679, | | young. | ætat: | | | 47 An. | | +-----------------------------+ | | | +---------------------------+----------------+++ | | |1 |2 || | | Charles Andros, = Rachell, Amice Andros, 3 John, and --+ | born 9 Apr: Ao | daur: second son, 4 Judith, | 1662. | of Mr. married dyed | | James Magdalen young. | | Careye. Mancell. | | | +---------------------------------+ | | +----+--------------+---------+---------+ +-----+-----+ |1 |2 |3 |4 |1 |2 Charles Andros, Thomas Mary, Anne, Rachell, Anne, born 15 Sept: born 25 married born born born 1662. Married Mart: Ao to Mr. 21 Ao 1683. 1685. Elizab: Mauger 1672. Jean Nov. widow of Monsr Renouf, 1667. Tho: de Beauvoir. Merchant.

[continued from 3 Sr Edmond Andros above] ------++---------+----------------+------------------------+ || |6 |7 |8 4 Richard, John Andros, George Andros, born Carterette Andros, and born 2 Nov: 5 Oct: 1646. Married married to Mr. 5 Elizabeth, 1642. Married Anne Blondel, and Cæsar Knapton, an dyed Anne Knapton. dyed 8o Nov: 1664. English Gentl: young. === === === | | | 1 Elizabeth, 1 John, Elizabeth Knapton 2 Marie, 2 George, only child, married 3 Amice, mort. 3 Charles, to Mr. Will: le 4 Anne, 4 Mary, Marchant, eldest 5 John, 5 Anne. son of Mr. James 6 Carterette, mort. le Marchant, Ao 7 Edmond, mort. 1684. 8 Cæsar, 9 Edmond.

At the same time Sir Edmund recorded his coat-of-arms as described in the following document at Heralds' College, Grants of Arms, Book 1, 26. fol. 98.

"Whereas Sr Edmund Andros, Knight, Lord of ye Seignorie of Sausmarez in the Island of Guernsey, hath made application to me, Henry, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshall of England &c. that his Arms may be Registered in the College of Arms in such manner as he may lawfully bear them, with respect to his Descent from the antient Family of Sausmarez in ye said Isle, there being no entries in the College of Arms of the Descents or Arms of the Families in that Isle: And whereas it hath been made out unto me that his Great Grandfather's Father, John Andros als. Andrews, an English Gentleman, borne in Northamptonshire, coming into the Isle of Guernsey as Lieutt. to Sr Peter Mewtis, Knight, the Governour, did there marry, Ao. 1543, with Judith de Sausmarez, only daughter of Thomas Sausmarez, son and heir of Thomas Sausmarez, Lords of the Seignorie of Sausmarez in the said Isle, which Judith did afterwards become heir to her brother George de Sausmarez, Lord of the said Seignorie: And that John Andros, Esqr., son and heir of the said John and Judith, had the sd. Seignorie with its appurtenances and all Rights and Privileges thereto belonging, adjudged to him by the Royal Commrs. of the said Isle, Ao. 1607, against the heirs male of the said Family of Sausmarez, who then sued for the same, as finding it to be held of the King by a certain Relief and certain Services, all which were inseparable from the said Seignorie: And whereas it hath been made [to] appear unto me by an Antient Seal of one Nicollas de Sausmarez, which seems to be between 2 and 300 years old, and by other Authorities, that the said Family of Sausmarez have constantly borne and used the Arms herein impressed, I the said Earl Marshall, considering that the forementioned Sr. Edmund Andros, Knt., and his Ancestors, from the time of the said John Andros who married the heir generall of Sausmarez as aforesaid, have successively done Homage to the Kings of England for ye sd Seignorie, and thereupon have been admitted into and received full possession thereof, do order and require, That the Arms of Andros (as the said Sr Edmund and his Ancestors ever since their coming into the said Isle have borne the same) quartered with the Arms of Sausmarez as they are hereunto annexed,[1] be, together with the Pedigree of the said Sr Edmund Andros (herewith also transmitted) fairly registered in ye College of Arms by the Register of the said College, and allowed unto him the said Sr Edmund Andros, and the heirs of his body lawfully begotten, and of the body of his Great Grandfather John Andros, son and heir of the forementioned John Andros and Judith de Sausmarez, having, possessing and enjoying the said Seignorie, to be borne and used by him and them on all occasions according to the Law of Arms: And for so doing this shall be a sufficient warrant.

"Given under my hand and seal the 23d. day of September, 1686, in the second year of the Reigne of our Soveraigne Lord King James the Second, &c.

"Norfolke & Marshall."

To the Kings Heralds,

and Pursuivts. of Arms.

[Footnote 1: The Andrews family of Denton bore "Gules, a saltire _or_, surmounted of another vert." O'Callaghan and Trumbull (Col. Rec. of Conn. iii. 392) have followed an error in BERRY'S History of Guernsey, wherein the arms of Andros are said to be "a chevron between three pelicans vulning themselves." Such a coat indeed is found on the monument of Amice Andros, but they undoubtedly belong to his wife Elizabeth Stone, the mother of Governor Andros.]

During the exile of the Stuarts, Edmund Andros served in the army of Prince Henry of Nassau (PALFREY, iii. 127), and was faithful to their cause. His family indeed was eminent among the adherents of the King, as appears by the pardon granted 13th August, 1660, by Charles II. to the inhabitants of Guernsey. In it he declares that Amice Andros, Edmund his son, and Charles his brother, Sir Henry Davie, bart, and Nathaniel Darell, during the preceding troubles "continued inviolably faithful to his Majesty, and consequently have no need to be comprised in this general pardon." So also we learn by the monument to Elizabeth, mother of Sir Edmund, that she "shared with her husband the troubles and exile to which he was exposed for several years in the service of Charles I. and Charles II."[2]

[Footnote 2: "She lived with her husband 42 years and was the mother of 9 children." She died 25 Dec. 1686, aged 73. (BERRY, Hist. Guernsey.)]

Edmund Andros received his first considerable preferment by being made Gentleman in Ordinary to the Queen of Bohemia in 1660. He had undoubtedly been attracted to her service through the position of his uncle, Sir Robert Stone, who was Cup-bearer to that princess, and he was afterwards more closely allied to her friends in consequence of his marriage. Whether any part of his youthful years while he was a page in the Royal service, had been spent in her household or not, it is worthy of notice that as a young man Andros was in a position to acquire the accomplishments of a Court, and to behold Royalty in its most fascinating form.

Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, was the only daughter of King James I. of England, and was born 19th August, 1596. She was married 27th Dec. 1612, to Frederick V., Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria and Silesia, who was soon elected King of Bohemia, but lost all his possessions by the fortune of war. He died at Mentz, November 19th, 1632, having had thirteen children, of whom the best known were Prince Rupert, and Sophia, wife of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover, mother of George I. of England.

The Queen of Bohemia had shared the exile and misfortunes of her English relatives, and returned to England, 17th May, 1661. She died February 13th, 1662, at London.

Historians have agreed in describing this princess as a most charming woman. JESSE (Court of England) writes thus: "Lively in her manners, affectionate in her disposition, and beautiful in her person; throwing a charm and a refinement over the social intercourse of life; she yet possessed with all these qualities, a strength of mind which never became masculine; talents which were never obtrusive, and a warmth of heart which remained with her to the end." "In prosperity modest and unassuming; in adversity surmounting difficulties and dignifying poverty, her character was regarded with enthusiasm in her own time, and has won for her the admiration of posterity." "In the Low Countries she was so beloved as to be styled 'the Queen of Hearts.'"

During her long widowhood, her chief adviser and friend was William, Earl of Craven, and it was to the sister of the chosen heir to a portion of the honors of this nobleman, that Edmund Andros was married, in 1671. It has been believed that the Earl of Craven was married to the Queen, and he was certainly one of the bravest and most honored gentlemen of his time.

In 1666, Andros was made Major of a Regiment of foot, which was sent to America. DUNCAN writes that Andros distinguished himself in the war against the Dutch, and was in 1672, "commander of the forces in Barbados and had obtained the reputation of being skilled in American affairs."

In February, 1671, Andros married Marie, oldest daughter of Thomas Craven of Appletreewick, co. York, and thus sister to the "heir in reversion to the Barony of Hamsted-Marshall." This match is a sufficient proof of the estimation in which he was held, as the lady was sister of the designated heir of the Earl of Craven, his former patron. The pedigree of the Cravens will be best understood by the annexed tabular statement.[3] The "Peerages" have left the matter obscure, but it has been rendered plain by some articles in "Notes and Queries" for 1868. The Earl of Craven, after the death of his brothers, entailed the Barony on his more distant cousins of Appletreewick, omitting the issue of his uncle Anthony Craven. At his death, April 9th, 1697, the title passed to William Craven, nephew of Lady Andros.

[Footnote 3: