CHAPTER XXV

STATUES AND MONUMENTS[1]

[1] A complete list of the statues and monuments will be found in the Appendix, p. 347.

STATUE OF GEN. GEORGE WASHINGTON

The most precious work of art in the United States is the life mask of George Washington by the noted French sculptor, Jean Antoine Houdon, who in 1785 was commissioned by the State of Virginia to execute a marble statue of George Washington. Houdon crossed the ocean, setting sail from Paris, France, on July 22 of that year for this purpose, in company with Benjamin Franklin. For 10 days he was a guest of General Washington at Mount Vernon, making studies and a cast. Having made his models, Houdon returned to France, reaching home on January 4, 1786. It took him two years to model and carve the statue, and the completed work arrived at Richmond in 1788. Eight years later the statue was installed in the rotunda of the State capitol, where it stands to-day. The statue represents Washington in the uniform of a Revolutionary officer; and, according to John Marshall, his intimate friend, this three-quarter view corresponds more to the exact likeness of Washington than any other portrait. A copy of this statue is in the Rotunda of the Capitol, the gift of the State of Virginia to the Nation. The life mask is at Mount Vernon.

TRIPOLI COLUMN

This was the first and only monument that stood in Washington for a period of 26 years. It was erected in memory of the heroes that fell before Tripoli in 1804. It had been made at the expense of officers of the Navy and was brought from Italy in the U. S. S. _Constitution_ to the navy yard, where it was erected in 1808 under the direction of Benjamin H. Latrobe, Architect of the Capitol. Afterwards, when in 1814 the navy yard was burned by the British, it was placed at the west side of the Capitol. During the reconstruction and enlargement of the Capitol to its present size it was removed.

In November, 1860, it was taken to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, where it stands to-day.

The chief motif of the monument is an artistically designed, simple Doric column, surmounted by an eagle. It was procured through the efforts of Admiral Porter, who commissioned a noted Italian sculptor of the time, Micali, of Leghorn, to execute the monument.

STATUE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON

This statue is by Horatio Greenough, who, born in Boston in 1805, was a noted American sculptor of the early days of the Republic. He was the first American deliberately to choose sculpture as a profession and to go abroad for serious study. He became absorbed with art as he saw it in Italy, and those who have seen the massive Roman statuary of the Farnese collection at Naples, in addition to the priceless collections of statuary of classical times at Rome and Florence, can make due allowance for the conception of the ponderous figure of George Washington by Greenough when he was commissioned by Congress in 1832 to execute the statue. He was at work on the statue for eight years, during the period of the classical revival in this country, marked by the construction of the Patent Office, the old Post Office, and the Treasury Department Buildings.

The statue is 12 feet high, and of Carrara marble. It cost $44,000. After many perils by sea and land, it reached this city in 1843. At the Capitol it was found that the doors were not large enough to permit its passage, and they were temporarily widened to admit the statue, where it was given a place in the Rotunda, but its immense weight was too heavy for the floor, and it was transferred to the plaza in front of and facing the Capitol. It remained there for over half a century, and in 1908 was removed to the National Museum.

This statue of Washington in Roman toga, seated in a curule chair, was often ridiculed. One wrote that Washington was supposed to be saying, as he pointed in two directions, “My body is at Mount Vernon, my clothes are in the Patent Office.” Nevertheless, the statue had its friends. In 1841 Edward Everett wrote of it, “I regard Greenough’s Washington as one of the greatest works of sculpture of modern times.” It is an art treasure of the past, and as such is rightly cherished to-day.

STATUE OF GEN. ANDREW JACKSON

This statue in Lafayette Square, north of the White House, is the first equestrian statue cast in the United States. It is the work of Clark Mills, sculptor, who, while he was in the South preparing to go abroad, was persuaded to come to Washington and submit to Members of Congress sketches of an equestrian statue. They were so highly pleased with them that Mills was commissioned to produce the statue, and to do this he built a foundry in northeast Washington at a place now called Mills Avenue. The cost of the statue was $32,000. Congress appropriated $20,000 and the Jackson Democratic Association of Washington the balance. Congress also appropriated $8,000 for the pedestal. The statue was unveiled January 8, 1853, the thirty-eighth anniversary of Jackson’s victory at New Orleans. Stephen A. Douglas, then a United States Senator, delivered the oration.

Repeated attempts have been made in the past 25 years to relocate the statue, but without success. It has been suggested that it be placed at the north steps of the Treasury Department Building. Some years ago the suggestion was made to have the statue exchange places with the General Washington Statue in Washington Circle. It met with strong objection. To relocate the statue would require an act of Congress. However, the statue is regarded a landmark in the city, and, as heretofore stated, it is the first equestrian statue cast in the United States, having thus added historic interest.

ADAMS MEMORIAL

The Adams Memorial, a veiled female figure in bronze, by Saint-Gaudens, in Rock Creek Cemetery, was erected in 1891. Under the carpet of pine needles the bodies of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Adams are buried. There is no inscription; not even a date on the architectural features, designed by Stanford White. Thick planting of pines and shrubs completely secludes the monument. Friends of the sculptor deplore the fact that this, his masterpiece, has come to be known as the Statue of Grief, as such a title is wholly at variance with the artist’s conception. It is, in fact, a monument without a name, though the artist preferred the title, “The Peace of God.” The sculptor endeavored to comprise in the figure the thought of the philosophy of the ages--the great mystery of the human race and of history--that being called man and his destiny. It is a world-famous monument, and each year thousands of visitors to the National Capital gladly travel the 4 miles directly north of the Capitol to see it.

STATUE OF GENERAL LAFAYETTE

The statue of General Lafayette is situated on the southeast corner of Lafayette Square. It is a heroic bronze statue by Alexander Falguiere and Antoine Mercie, noted French sculptors. The statue stands on a marble pedestal, on the north side of which are two cherubs holding up the inscription:

BY THE CONGRESS IN COMMEMORATION OF THE SERVICES RENDERED BY GENERAL LAFAYETTE AND HIS COMPATRIOTS DURING THE STRUGGLE FOR THE INDEPENDENCE OF AMERICA

Congress appropriated $50,000 for the statue and pedestal, and it was completed in April, 1891. It is 45 feet high. On the east side are two heroic French naval figures, Comte d’Estaing (north) and Comte de Grasse (south), and an anchor. On the west side are two heroic French Army officers who served during the Revolution, Comte de Rochambeau (south) and Chevalier Duportail (north), and a mortar. On the south side of the pedestal is a figure symbolizing America, lifting up a sword to General Lafayette, with the inscription:

TO GENERAL LAFAYETTE AND HIS COMPATRIOTS, 1777-1783

There were no ceremonies of dedication, but the statue is annually the scene of ceremonies, including the presentation of a wreath by some patriotic organization, such as the Sons of the American Revolution, on Lafayette’s Birthday, September 6.

STATUE OF ALEXANDER R. SHEPHERD

The statue standing in front of the District Building, at Fourteenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., was unveiled May 3, 1909. The cost of its erection, $10,192.67, was defrayed by public subscription in the city of Washington.

The statue is the work of U. S. J. Dunbar, sculptor. It perpetuates the memory of a man who in the face of great opposition accomplished wonders for the National Capital.

Mr. Shepherd, for the years 1873 and 1874, was Governor of the District of Columbia, and previous to that had been vice president and executive officer of the board of public works, which inaugurated a program for municipal improvement that led to the transformation of the city in that day, as has been heretofore described. Driven from the city, he went to Mexico and accumulated a fortune, returning later to Washington. His tomb is in Rock Creek Cemetery, not far from the famous Adams Memorial.

STATUE OF HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW

This bronze statue is situated at the intersection of Eighteenth Street and Connecticut Avenue, at M Street NW., in one of the many triangular reservations that are so numerous in Washington and which, in addition to furnishing sites for monuments, help to make the city so attractive. It was presented to the National Capital by the Longfellow Memorial Association and unveiled May 15, 1909. Congress appropriated $4,000 for the pedestal and furnished the site. The pedestal is of Milford pink granite, polished. The statue is the work of William Couper, sculptor. Longfellow, in academic gown, is seated.

STATUE OF JOHN WITHERSPOON

This statue stands in front of the Church of the Covenant, on Connecticut Avenue, near that of Longfellow. Congress provided the site and pedestal at a cost of $4,000. It is the work of William Couper, sculptor. It was presented to the United States by the Witherspoon Memorial Association, and unveiled May 20, 1909.

John Witherspoon was a Presbyterian clergyman, at one time president of what is now Princeton University, and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, the only clergyman among the signers of that famous document.

On the north side of the pedestal is a quotation from Witherspoon, made during the War for Independence, as follows:

FOR MY OWN PART, OF PROPERTY I HAVE SOME, OF REPUTATION MORE. THAT REPUTATION IS STAKED, THAT PROPERTY IS PLEDGED ON THE ISSUE OF THIS CONTEST, AND ALTHOUGH THESE GREY HAIRS MUST SOON DESCEND INTO THE SEPULCHRE, I WOULD INFINITELY RATHER THAT THEY DESCEND THITHER BY THE HAND OF THE EXECUTIONER THAN DESERT AT THIS CRISIS THE SACRED CAUSE OF MY COUNTRY

MEMORIAL OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC TO DR. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN STEPHENSON

This memorial was presented to the United States by the Grand Army of the Republic, in commemoration of Dr. Benjamin Franklin Stephenson, organizer and founder of the Grand Army of the Republic, and stands near Pennsylvania Avenue at Seventh Street NW.

The monument is a solid granite shaft, in form a triangular pyramid. The bronze figures represent three great principles. Fraternity, symbolized by a soldier and a sailor, is on the west side. Over the group is the inscription:

1861-1865

Underneath is a bronze medallion of Doctor Stephenson, also the badge of the Grand Army of the Republic, obverse and reverse being shown, and the inscription:

GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, ORGANIZED AT DECATUR, ILLINOIS, APRIL 6, 1866, BY BENJAMIN FRANKLIN STEPHENSON, M. D.

On the southeast side of the shaft is a female figure representing Loyalty, holding a shield and drawn sword, and an inscription:

WHO KNEW NO GLORY BUT HIS COUNTRY’S GOOD

On the northeast side Charity is represented by a woman protecting a child, with the inscription:

THE GREATEST OF THESE IS CHARITY

The monument cost $45,000, of which $10,000 was appropriated by Congress for the pedestal, by act of March 4, 1907. It is the work of J. Massey Rhind, sculptor. The monument was unveiled July 3, 1909, during the administration of President Taft, who delivered an address on the occasion.

STATUE OF GEN. CASIMIR PULASKI

The Pulaski monument, completed in 1910, and dedicated May 11, 1910, the same day as was the Kosciuszko monument, is an equestrian by Kasimiriez Chodzinski, sculptor, and stands on Pennsylvania Avenue, at Thirteenth Street NW. It cost $55,000, which was appropriated by Congress.

The monument represents General Pulaski in his military uniform seated on his horse “in action.” The pedestal, which is 9 feet high, is by Albert R. Ross, architect. It rests on a large platform, measuring 20 by 16 feet. The equestrian, with its pedestal, is one of the best in the city.

ZERO MILESTONE

The Zero Milestone takes the place of the itinerary column planned by L’Enfant for a place 1 mile east of the Capitol, “from which all distances of places through the continent were to be calculated.” That column never was built.

The Zero Milestone is immediately south of the White House grounds. It is a block of granite 4 feet high with a bronze compass design on top, and stands on the meridian of the District of Columbia. The monument shows on the street side the designation Zero Milestone, with the insignia of the Motor Transport Corps, U. S. Army. The inscriptions on the other three sides show that it constitutes a point from which distances may be measured on highways of the United States radiating from Washington, and that it was the starting point of the transcontinental motor-transport convoys over the Lincoln and the Bankhead Highways in 1919 and 1920, respectively. The monument was authorized by act of Congress approved June 5, 1920. It was designed by Horace W. Peaslee, architect, of Washington.

DUPONT MEMORIAL

The Dupont Memorial Fountain, at Dupont Circle, was designed by Daniel Chester French, sculptor, and Henry Bacon, architect. The fountain was dedicated on May 17, 1921, and cost $100,000. It replaces a portrait statue of Admiral Dupont. The top bowl, in one piece, is 13 feet in diameter.

There are three figures on the supporting column of the fountain, representing The Sea, The Wind, and The Stars. The picture used in this book shows the figure typifying The Sea. The fountain is of Georgia marble.

STATUE OF JEANNE D’ARC

This statue, a copy of the celebrated Paul Dubois statue, one of the masterpieces of modern art standing in front of Rheims Cathedral, is situated on the grand terrace of Meridian Hill Park.

The statue is not large, measuring in length 10 feet and in height 9 feet. The pedestal is about 6 feet high. The casting was done under the direction of the Ministère des Beaux Arts, in Paris. The pedestal was designed by McKim, Mead & White, architects, of New York City.

Congress authorized the erection of the statue on public grounds in the National Capital, and the Commission of Fine Arts advised in the matter of location and design of the pedestal.

In May, 1916, the commission received a communication from Mme. Carlo Polifeme, President Fondatrice, Le Lyceum Société des Femmes de France à New York, to this effect:

Le Lyceum Société des Femmes de France à New York, in a spirit of patriotism, nurtured by exile, inspired with a deep sense of the friendship that binds our two sister Republics, animated by a sympathy born of closer and closer relations, “Le Lyceum” intends to perpetuate these sentiments by erecting, in their new home, a monument to Jeanne d’Arc, emblem of Patriotism, emblem of Love and Peace. The statue of our French heroine will be built to the glory of womanhood, dedicated by the women of France in New York to the women of America, and offered to the city of Washington.

The President and his excellency the French ambassador attended the unveiling, which took place on January 6, 1922, the five hundred and tenth anniversary of the birth of Jeanne d’Arc.

The life of Jeanne d’Arc has been eulogized by the greatest of writers, and to-day she is revered as one of the world’s great liberators. Her spirit of patriotism and devotion has thrilled the ages.

STATUE OF DANTE

The statue of Dante, standing in Meridian Hill Park, was given to the National Capital by Chevalier Carlo Barsotti, editor of Il Progresso Italo-Americano, in behalf of the Italians of the United States in commemoration of the six hundredth anniversary of the death of Dante Alighieri, and unveiled on December 1, 1921. It is in bronze, 12 feet high, and is the work of Commendatore Ettore Ximenes, sculptor, of Rome. The artist has represented Dante in the gown of a scholar and crowned with a laurel wreath.

The statue received an appropriate landscape setting upon the completion of the lower garden of Meridian Hill Park.

GEN. U. S. GRANT MEMORIAL

The Grant Memorial, situated at the head of the Mall, in Union Square, near the Capitol, was authorized by Congress in 1901, at a cost of $250,000, the largest expenditure for statuary ever made by this Government. It is said to be the second largest equestrian statue in the world, being exceeded only by the Victor Emmanuel in Rome, which is less than one-half foot higher.

The monument consists of a marble platform 252 feet in length and 69 feet at its greatest width, with steps on each side. In the center is a pedestal 22 feet 6 inches high, on the top of which is a monumental bronze figure of General Grant on horseback watching a battle. The horse is 17 feet 6 inches high, two and one-half times life-size; the monument is nearly 40 feet high. The top of General Grant’s army hat is 65 feet above the platform. The weight of the statue is 10,500 pounds.

The infantry is represented by two bronze tablets at each side of the pedestal.

On the platform at the right a cavalry charge is in progress. There are seven horses in the group.

On the platform at the left a battery of artillery is going into action. There are five horses and four soldiers in this group.

In these groups the sculptor has given particular attention to portraying the army equipment of the period.

Four great bronze lions are at each corner of the main pedestal, guarding the flag. For the inscription the memorial has the single word “Grant.”

The monument was cast by the Roman Bronze Works, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and was dedicated April 27, 1922. Edward Pearce Casey was the architect. The sculptor, Henry Merwin Shrady, died on April 12, a few days before the dedication. The monument represents his most notable work.

STATUE OF EDMUND BURKE

The statue of the eloquent defender of the rights of the American Colonies in the British Parliament is situated in a triangle at the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue and Eleventh Street NW. It is a copy of the statue at Bristol, England, which city Burke represented in Parliament. It was designed by the late Havard Thomas, and is an excellent example of the work of one of the celebrated English sculptors of recent times. The statue was given by Sir Charles Cheers Wakefield, Bart., through the Sulgrave Institution. The pedestal was designed by Horace W. Peaslee, architect, of Washington. The statue was unveiled October 12, 1922, and accepted on the part of the United States by the late Hon. John W. Weeks, Secretary of War.

STATUE OF ALEXANDER HAMILTON

This statue in bronze, about 9 feet in height, is on the south steps of the Treasury Department Building. James E. Fraser is the sculptor. The pedestal is of pink Milford granite and was designed by Henry Bacon, architect.

If Alexander Hamilton, who was the first Secretary of the Treasury, waited for more than a century to obtain representation in a capital in part located through his sagacity and for the building of the department his genius created, at least the result was well worth the delay. By common consent the standing bronze figure of Hamilton, dressed in a typical colonial costume, is notable for virility and charm. It was unveiled May 17, 1923.

APPENDIX

STATUES AND MONUMENTS

--------------------+-------------------+-------------+--------------- Name and location | Sculptor and | Date | Cost | architect | | --------------------+-------------------+-------------+--------------- | | | Adams Memorial, Rock|Augustus |Erected 1891.|Gift of Henry Creek Cemetery. |Saint-Gaudens. | |Adams, | | |historian. | | | Bishop Francis |Augustus Lukeman, |Unveiled Oct.|Gift to city. Asbury (equestrian),|sculptor. |15, 1924. | 16th and Harvard | | | Sts. | | | | | | Commodore John |John J. Boyle, |Unveiled May |Act of Barry, Franklin |Sculptor. |16, 1914. |Congress, Park. | | |$50,000. | | | William Jennings |Gutzon Borglum, |Unveiled May |Gift to city. Bryan, Potomac Park.|Sculptor. |3, 1934. | | | | Buchanan Memorial, |H. Schuler, |Unveiled |Do. Meridian Hill Park. |sculptor; William |June 26, | |Gordon Beecher, |1930. | |architect. | | | | | Edmund Burke, 12th |Havard Thomas, |Unveiled |Do. St. and |sculptor; Horace W.|Oct. 12, | Massachusetts Ave. |Peaslee, architect.|1922. | | | | Butt-Millet Memorial|Daniel C. French, |Erected 1913.|Do. Fountain, south of |sculptor; | | White House. |Thomas Hastings, | | |architect. | | | | | Colonial Settlers |Delos Smith, |April 25, |Do. Monument, Ellipse, |architect. |1936. | facing 15th Street. | | | | | | Columbus Memorial |Lorado Taft, |Unveiled |Act of Fountain, |sculptor; D. H. |June 8, 1912.|Congress, Union Station. |Burnham & Co., | |$100,000. |architects. | | | | | Cuban Urn, Potomac |From fragments |1928. |Gift to city Park. |of Maine Memorial. | |by Cuba. | | | Louis J. M. |Jonathan S. |Unveiled Aug.|Gift to city. Daguerre, |Hartley, sculptor. |15, 1890. | Smithsonian grounds.| | | | | | Dante Alighieri, |C. Ettore Ximenes, |Unveiled Dec.|Do. Meridian Hill Park. |sculptor. |1, 1921. | | | | Darlington Memorial |C. P. Jennewein, |1923. |Do. Fountain, Judiciary |sculptor. | | Square. | | | | | | Jane A. Delano |R. Tait McKenzie, |Unveiled Apr.|Gift of Nurses Memorial, |sculptor. |26, 1934. |of the Red Cross grounds. | | |Red Cross. | | | District of Columbia|Frederick H. |November 11, |Gift to city. World War Memorial. |Brooke, H. W. |1931. | |Peaslee, and Nathan| | |Wyeth, associated. | | | | | Dupont Memorial |D. C. French, |Unveiled May |Do. Fountain, |sculptor; Henry |17, 1921. | Dupont Circle. |Bacon, architect. | | | | | John Ericsson, |James E. Fraser, |Unveiled May |Act of Potomac Park. |sculptor. |29, 1926. |Congress, | | |$35,000; part | | |gift of | | |Scandinavians. | | | Admiral David |Vinnie Ream Hoxie, |Unveiled Apr.|Act of Farragut, Farragut |sculptor. |25, 1881. |Congress, Square. | | |$20,000. | | | First Division |D. C. French, |Unveiled Oct.|Gift to city. Memorial, |sculptor; Cass |4, 1924. | President’s Park. |Gilbert, architect.| | | | | Fountain, Botanic |Auguste Bartholdi, |1876. |Brought from Gardens. |sculptor. | |Centennial | | |Exposition, | | |Philadelphia. | | | Benjamin Franklin, |Jacques Jouvenal, |Erected Jan. |Gift to city. 10th St. and |sculptor; after |17, 1889. | Pennsylvania Ave. |Plassman. | | | | | Gallaudet Group, |Daniel Chester |Erected 1889.|Gift of the Columbia Institute |French, sculptor. | |Deaf. for Deaf Mutes. | | | | | | James A. Garfield, |J. Q. A. Ward, |Unveiled May |Congress, First St. and |sculptor. |12, 1887. |$37,500; and in Maryland Ave. | | |part gift. | | | James Cardinal |Leo Lentelli, |Erected 1932.|Gift to city. Gibbons, 16th St. |sculptor; George | | and Park Rd. |Koyl, architect. | | | | | Samuel Gompers and |Robert Aitken, |Dedicated |Do. American Federation |sculptor. |Oct. 7, 1933.| of Labor Memorial, | | | 10th St. and | | | Massachusetts Ave. | | | | | | General U. S. Grant |Henry M. Shrady, |Dedicated |Act of Memorial, Union |sculptor; Edward P.|Apr. 27, |Congress, Square. |Casey, architect. |1922. |$250,000. | | | Gen. Nathanael |H. K. Brown, |Erected 1877.|Act of Greene (equestrian),|sculptor. | |Congress, Maryland and | | |$50,000. Massachusetts Aves. | | | NE. | | | | | | Dr. Samuel Gross, |A. Stirling Calder,|Unveiled May |Gift to city. Smithsonian grounds.|sculptor. |5, 1897. | | | | Grand Army of the |J. Massey Rhind, |Unveiled July|Gift to city, Republic Memorial, |sculptor; Rankin, |3, 1909. |$35,000; Act of 7th St. and |Kellogg & Crane, | |Congress, Pennsylvania Ave. |architects. | |$10,000 for | | |pedestal. | | | Hahnemann Memorial, |Charles Henry |Unveiled June|Gift to city. Scott Circle. |Niehaus, sculptor. |21, 1900. | | | | Alexander Hamilton, |James E. Fraser, |Unveiled May |Do. south steps of |sculptor; Henry |17, 1923. | Treasury Building. |Bacon, architect. | | | | | Gen. Winfield S. |Henry J. Ellicott, |Unveiled May |Act of Hancock |sculptor. |12, 1896. |Congress, (equestrian), | | |$50,000. between 7th and 8th | | | Sts. on Pennsylvania| | | Ave. | | | | | | Joseph Henry, |W. W. Story, |Unveiled Apr.|Act of Smithsonian grounds.|sculptor. |19, 1882. |Congress, | | |$15,000. | | | Gen. Andrew Jackson,|Clark Mills, |Unveiled Jan.|Act of Lafayette Park |sculptor. |8, 1853. |Congress, (first equestrian in| | |$32,000; part U. S.). | | |gift. | | | Jeanne d’Arc. |Paul Dubois, |Unveiled Jan.|Gift to city. |sculptor. |6, 1922. | | | | Thomas Jefferson |John R. Pope, |Under |Act of Memorial, south of |architect. |construction.|Congress, Tidal Basin. | | |$3,000,000. | | | Admiral John Paul |Charles H. Niehaus,|Unveiled Apr.|Act of Jones, foot of 17th |sculptor; Thomas |17, 1912. |Congress, St. |Hastings, | |$50,000. |architect. | | | | | Gen. Thaddeus |Antoni Popiel, |Unveiled May |Gift to city. Kosciuszko, |sculptor. |11, 1910. | Lafayette Park. | | | | | | General Lafayette, |Alexandre Falguire |Erected 1891.|Act of Lafayette Park. |and Antoine Mercie.| |Congress, | | |$50,000. | | | L’Enfant Tomb, |Welles Bosworth, |Dedicated |Gift of Arlington National |architect. |1909. |American Cemetery. | | |Institute of | | |Architects. | | | Abraham Lincoln, |Lott Flannery, |Unveiled Apr.|Gift to city. Judiciary Square. |sculptor. |15, 1868. | | | | Lincoln the |Thomas Ball, |Unveiled Apr.|Gift of freed Emancipator, Lincoln|sculptor. |14, 1876. |slaves to city. Park. | | | | | | General John A. |Franklin Simmons, |Dedicated |Act of Logan (equestrian), |sculptor. |Apr. 9, 1901.|Congress, 13th St. and Rhode | | |$50,000; part Island Ave. | | |gift. | | | Henry W. Longfellow,|William Couper, |Unveiled May |Gift to city; Connecticut Ave. and|sculptor. |15, 1909. |pedestal by M St. | | |Congress. | | | Martin Luther, |Replica of figure |Erected 1884.|$10,000. facing Thomas |by Reitschel at | | Circle. |Worms. | | | | | Chief Justice John |W. W. Story, |do. |Gift to city. Marshall, Capitol |sculptor. | | grounds. | | | | | | Gen. George B. |Frederick |Unveiled May |Act of McClellan |MacMonnies, |2, 1907. |Congress, (equestrian), |sculptor. | |$50,000. Connecticut Ave. | | | and Columbia Rd. | | | | | | McMillan Fountain |Herbert Adams, |Erected 1913.|Gift to city. (Senator James), |sculptor; Charles | | McMillan Park. |A. Platt, | | |architect. | | | | | Gen. James B. |Louis T. Rebisso, |Dedicated |Act of McPherson |sculptor. |Oct. 18, |Congress, (equestrian), | |1876. |$25,000; part McPherson Square. | | |gift to city. | | | Gen. George G. |Charles Grafly, |Dedicated |Gift to city by Meade, Union Square.|sculptor; Simon & |Oct. 19, |State of |Simon, architects. |1927. |Pennsylvania; | | |(cost | | |$400,000). | | | Navy and Marine |Begni del Piatta, |Erected 1935.|Gift to city; Memorial, Columbia |sculptor; Harvey W.| |base by the Island. |Corbett, architect.| |Government. | | | Francis G. Newlands |Edward W. Donn, |Dedicated |Gift to city. Memorial Fountain, |Jr., architect. |Oct. 12, | Chevy Chase Circle. | |1933. | | | | Nuns of the Civil |Jerome Connor, |Unveiled |Do. War Monument, Rhode |sculptor. |Sept. 20, | Island Ave. and M | |1924. | St. | | | | | | Peace Monument, 1st |Franklin Simmons, |Dedicated |Act of St. and Pennsylvania|sculptor; Edward |1877. |Congress, Ave. |Clark, architect. | |$20,000; part | | |gift to city. | | | Albert Pike, 3d St. |G. Trentanove, |Unveiled Oct.|Gift to city. and Indiana Ave. |sculptor. |23, 1901. | | | | Gen. Casimir Pulaski|K. Chodzinski, |Dedicated May|Act of (equestrian), 13th |sculptor; Albert R.|11, 1910. |Congress, St. and Pennsylvania|Ross, architect. | |$55,000. Ave. | | | | | | Gen. John A. |Joseph A. Bailey, |Erected 1874.|Act of Rawlins, 18th St. |sculptor. | |Congress, and New York Ave. | | |$13,000. | | | General Rochambeau, |F. Hamar, of Paris,|Unveiled May |Act of Lafayette Park. |sculptor. |24, 1902. |Congress, | | |$22,500. | | | Theodore Roosevelt |F. L. Olmsted, |Island |Gift to city. Memorial, Theodore |landscape |(formerly |Act of May 21, Roosevelt Island. |architect; John R. |Analostan) |1932. |Pope, architect. |acquired | | |1931. | | | | Benjamin Rush, Naval|Roland Hinton | |Gift to city. Medical School. |Perry, sculptor. | | | | | Gen. San Martin |Replica of one by |Dedicated |Do. (equestrian), |Dumont at Buenos |Oct. 28, | Judiciary Square. |Aires. |1925. | | | | General Winfield |Henry K. Brown, |Erected 1874.|Act of Scott (equestrian), |sculptor. | |Congress, Scott Circle. | | |$77,000. | | | General Winfield |Launt Thompson, |Erected 1873.|Gift to city. Scott, Soldiers’ |sculptor. | | Home grounds. | | | | | | Second Division |John R. Pope, |Dedicated |Do. Memorial, |architect; James E.|July 18, | President’s Park, |Fraser, sculptor. |1936. | facing Constitution | | | Avenue. | | | | | | Serenity Statue, |Jose Clara, |Erected 1924.|Do. Meridian Hill Park. |sculptor. | | | | | Alexander R. |U. S. J. Dunbar, |Unveiled May |Do. Shepherd, 14th St. |sculptor. |3, 1909. | and Pennsylvania | | | Ave. | | | | | | Gen. Philip Sheridan|Gutzon Borglum, |Unveiled Nov.|Act of (equestrian), |sculptor. |25, 1908. |Congress, Sheridan Circle. | | |$50,000. | | | Gen. William T. |Carl Rohl Smith, |Unveiled Oct.|Part gift, Sherman |sculptor, and |15, 1903. |$11,000; acts (equestrian), south |several others. | |of Congress, of Treasury | | |$120,000. Building. | | | | | | Gen. George H. |J. Q. A. Ward, |Dedicated |Act of Thomas (equestrian),|sculptor. |Nov. 19, |Congress, Thomas Circle. | |1879. |$25,000; part | | |gift to city. | | | Titanic Memorial, |Mrs. Harry Payne |Unveiled May |Gift to city. foot of New |Whitney, sculptor; |26, 1931. | Hampshire Ave. |Henry Bacon, | | |architect. | | | | | General Von Steuben,|Albert Jaegers, |Unveiled Dec.|Act of Lafayette Park. |sculptor. |7, 1910. |Congress, | | |$50,000. | | | Gen. Artemas Ward, |Leonard Crunelle, |Dedicated |Gift to city. Nebraska and |sculptor. |Nov. 3, 1938.| Massachusetts Aves. | | | | | | Gen. George |Clark Mills, |Unveiled Feb.|Act of Washington |sculptor. |22, 1860. |Congress, (equestrian), | | |$50,000. Washington Circle. | | | | | | Washington Monument.|Robert Mills, |Dedicated |Act of Congress |architect. |Feb. 21, |and part gift | |1885. |to city. | | | Daniel Webster, near|G. Trentanove, |Unveiled Jan.|Act of Scott Circle. |sculptor. |18, 1900. |Congress, | | |$4,000; part | | |gift to city. | | | John Witherspoon, |Wm. Couper, |Unveiled May |Gift to city; Connecticut Ave. at |sculptor. |20, 1909. |pedestal by N St. | | |Congress. | | | Zero Milestone. |H. W. Peaslee, |Erected 1922.|Act of |architect. | |Congress. --------------------+-------------------+-------------+---------------

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST OF BOOKS ON WASHINGTON THE NATIONAL CAPITAL

HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION

(_By courtesy of the Library of Congress_)

A History of the National Capital, by W. B. Bryan.

A History of the United States Capitol, by Glenn Brown.

Washington in the Past, by Dr. S. C. Busey.

National Capital Centennial, 1900, compiled by William V. Cox.

With Americans of Past and Present Days, by J. J. Jusserand.

Historical Sketches of the Ten Miles Square, forming the District of Columbia, by Jonathan Elliott, 1830.

The Improvement of the Park System of the District of Columbia. (S. Rept. No. 166, 57th Cong., 1st sess., 1902.)

Park Improvement Papers, 1901. (S. Doc. No. 94, 56th Cong., 2d sess.)

The Improvement of the District of Columbia; papers by the American Institute of Architects, 1900.

The Restoration of the White House. (S. Doc. No. 197, 57th Cong., 2d sess., 1903.)

The Reports of the National Commission of Fine Arts, Nos. 1 to 12, inclusive.

Daniel H. Burnham, Architect and Planner of Cities, by Charles Moore.

Public Buildings Commission Reports.

Reports of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission.

Reports of the Columbia Historical Society.

Centennial History of the City of Washington, D. C., by H. W. Crew.

Washington, the City and the Seat of Government, by Charles H. A. Forbes-Lindsay.

The Capital of Our Country, by the National Geographic Society.

Our Capital on the Potomac, by Helen Nicolay.

Origin and Government of the District of Columbia, by William Tindall.

Washington: Its Beginning, Its Growth, and Its Future, by William H. Taft. Published by the National Geographic Society.

Washington, Past and Present, by Charles Moore.

Art and Artists of the Capitol, by Charles E. Fairman. (S. Doc. No. 95, 69th Cong.)

Your Washington and Mine, by Louise Payson Latimer.

Walks About Washington, by Francis Ellington Leupp.

Washington, Its Sights and Insights, by Mrs. Harriet E. Monroe.

Early Days of Washington, by S. Somervell Mackall.

Washington and Its Romance, by Thomas N. Page.

Rand-McNally Guide to Washington and Environs.

The Standard Guide to Washington, by Charles B. Reynolds.

Rider’s Washington, by Arthur F. Rider.

The Book of Washington, by Robert Shackleton.

Washington, the National Capital, by H. P. Caemmerer.

Pictures of the City of Washington in the Past, by Dr. Samuel C. Busey.

The First Forty Years of Washington Society, by Margaret Bayard Smith.

The Story of the White House, by Esther Singleton.

The Art Treasures of Washington, by Helen W. Henderson.

Washington, the Capital City, and Its Part in the History of the Nation.

Development of the United States Capital. Addresses delivered in the auditorium of the United States Chamber of Commerce Building, Washington, D. C., April 25-26, 1929. (H. Doc. No. 35, 71st Cong.)

Washington, City of Mighty Events, by David R. Barbee.

Territorial Government of Washington, D. C., by Col. Ulysses S. Grant III.

L’Enfant and Washington, by Elizabeth S. Kite.

Washington, Past and Present, by John C. Proctor.

Washington, D. C., the Nation’s Capital, a book for young people, by Frances M. Fox.

Approaching Washington by Tidewater Potomac, by Paul Wilstach.

Washington, D. C., Committee on Marking Points of Historic Interest, 1929. (S. Doc. No. 228, 70th Cong., 2d sess.)

Society in Washington, by DeBenneville R. Keim.

Letters from a Senator’s Wife, by Mrs. Frances P. Keyes.

Our National Government; or, Life and Scenes in our National Capital, by Mrs. J. A. Logan.

Picturesque Washington: Pen and Pencil Sketches of Its Scenery, History, Traditions, Public and Social Life, by Joseph West Moore.

The Washington Sketch Book, by Joseph B. Varnum.

Washington: City and Capital. Federal Writers’ Project. Government Printing Office, 1937.

Records of the Columbia Historical Society.

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES, CHIEF MAGISTRATES OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL

1. GEORGE WASHINGTON, April 30, 1789, to March 3, 1797.

2. JOHN ADAMS, March 4, 1797, to March 3, 1801.

3. THOMAS JEFFERSON, March 4, 1801, to March 3, 1809.

4. JAMES MADISON, March 4, 1809, to March 3, 1817.

5. JAMES MONROE, March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1825.

6. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, March 4, 1825, to March 3, 1829.

7. ANDREW JACKSON, March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1837.

8. MARTIN VAN BUREN, March 4, 1837, to March 3, 1841.

9. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, March 4, 1841, to April 4, 1841.

10. JOHN TYLER, April 6, 1841, to March 3, 1845.

11. JAMES K. POLK, March 4, 1845, to March 3, 1849.

12. ZACHARY TAYLOR, March 5, 1849, to July 9, 1850.

13. MILLARD FILLMORE, July 10, 1850, to March 3, 1853.

14. FRANKLIN PIERCE, March 4, 1853, to March 3, 1857.

15. JAMES BUCHANAN, March 4, 1857, to March 3, 1861.

16. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, March 4, 1861, to April 15, 1865.

17. ANDREW JOHNSON, April 15, 1865, to March 3, 1869.

18. ULYSSES S. GRANT, March 4, 1869, to March 3, 1877.

19. RUTHERFORD B. HAYES, March 4, 1877, to March 3, 1881.

20. JAMES A. GARFIELD, March 4, 1881, to September 19, 1881.

21. CHESTER A. ARTHUR, September 20, 1881, to March 3, 1885.

22. GROVER CLEVELAND, March 4, 1885, to March 3, 1889.

23. BENJAMIN HARRISON, March 4, 1889, to March 3, 1893.

24. GROVER CLEVELAND, March 4, 1893, to March 3, 1897.

25. WILLIAM MCKINLEY, March 4, 1897, to September 14, 1901.

26. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, September 14, 1901, to March 3, 1909.

27. WILLIAM H. TAFT, March 4, 1909, to March 3, 1913.

28. WOODROW WILSON, March 4, 1913, to March 3, 1921.

29. WARREN G. HARDING, March 4, 1921, to August 2, 1923.

30. CALVIN COOLIDGE, August 3, 1923, to March 3, 1929.

31. HERBERT HOOVER, March 4, 1929, to March 3, 1933.

32. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, March 4, 1933-

QUOTATIONS FROM GREAT AMERICANS ON WASHINGTON, THE NATIONAL CAPITAL

“I most earnestly hope that in the National Capital a better beginning will be made than anywhere else; and that can be made only by utilizing to the fullest degree the thought and the disinterested efforts of the architects, the artists, the men of art, who stand foremost in their professions here in the United States and who ask no other reward save the reward of feeling that they have done their full part to make as beautiful as it should be the Capital City of the Great Republic.”

THEODORE ROOSEVELT.

“If General Washington, at a time when his country was a little hemmed-in nation, boasting but a single seaboard, with a population of only five million, and with credit so bad that lot sales, lotteries, and borrowing upon the personal security of individuals had to be resorted to in order to finance the new capital, could look to the future and understand that it was his duty to build for the centuries to come and for a great nation, how much more should we do so now?”

WILLIAM H. TAFT.

It is hereby ordered that whenever new structures are to be erected in the District of Columbia under the direction of the Federal Government which affect in any important way the appearance of the city, or whenever questions involving matters of art and with which the Federal Government is concerned are to be determined, final action shall not be taken until such plans and questions have been submitted to the Commission of Fine Arts, designated under the act of Congress of May 17, 1910, for comment and advice. (Executive order of November 28, 1913.)

WOODROW WILSON.

“We are embarking on an ambitious building program for the city of Washington. The Memorial Bridge is under way with all that it holds for use and beauty. New buildings are soon contemplated. This program should represent the best that exists in the art and science of architecture. Into these structures, which must be considered as of a permanent nature, ought to go the aspirations of the nation, its ideals, expressed in forms of beauty. If our country wishes to compete with others, let it not be in the support of armaments but in the making of a beautiful capital city. Let it express the soul of America. Whenever an American is at the seat of his Government, however traveled and cultured he may be, he ought to find a city of stately proportions, symmetrically laid out and adorned with the best that there is in architecture, which would arouse his imagination and stir his patriotic pride. In the coming years Washington should be not only the art center of our own country but the art center of the world. Around it should center all that is best in science, in learning, in letters, and in art. These are the results that justify the creation of those national resources with which we have been favored.”

CALVIN COOLIDGE.

“This is more than the making of a beautiful city. Washington is not only the Nation’s Capital, it is the symbol of America. By its dignity and architectural inspiration we stimulate pride in our country, we encourage that elevation of thought and character which comes from great architecture.”

HERBERT HOOVER.

“In the Capital an example should be set for the country as a whole in the matter of planning. Our national monuments will attract seekers of the ideal in art. More and more it will become the tendency to establish the headquarters of societies of literature and art in Washington and to make bequests of collections to the National Capital. Already there is a definite project to establish here in Washington a national gallery of painting. Thus the Capital may be foreseen as an art center responding to the desire of visitors from all over the world and satisfying that demand. The public buildings, as finally located and constructed, should place Washington in the forefront of the architecturally beautiful cities of the world.”

ANDREW W. MELLON.

“The people of America are beginning to see that it is not necessary to be commonplace in order to have common sense * * *. They wish for themselves in the public buildings of municipalities and of States and Nation to have the best results of time and the best attainments of genius. What the people desire, their representatives in State legislature, in municipal body, and in the Congress of the United States desire for them. The art of our fathers, the art of our private citizens, is to be the art of our people and of our whole people.”

ELIHU ROOT.

“A city planned on such a noble scale as Washington is rare in the world. It is almost unique. One hundred years of use has demonstrated its merit. The plan of its founders should be maintained as the basis for future development.”

CASS GILBERT.

A TRIBUTE FROM VISCOUNT BRYCE

“In these circumstances may not the city of Washington feel that its mission in life is to be the embodiment of the majesty and the stateliness of the whole Nation, representing all that is finest in American conception, all that is largest and most luminous in American thought; embodying: the Nation’s ideal of what the Capital of such a Nation should be * * * the highest aspirations as to external dignity and beauty that a great people can form for that which is the center and national focus of their life.”

INDEX

Abingdon, site of, 117.

Ackerman & Ross, architects, 284.

Adams Memorial, 187, 325.

Adams, President John, 40.

Adams, President John Quincy, 45, 176, 268.

Agriculture, Department of, 89, 145, 284.

Alexandria, Va., 8, 37, 117.

Allied Architects, Inc., of Washington, 235.

American Battle Monuments Commission, 315.

American Institute of Architects, 73, 81, 146.

American Institute of Pharmacy, 277.

American University, 279.

Anacostia Park, 10, 161.

Arboretum, National, 161, 296.

Architecture, classical order of, 86, 165, 171, 196, 235, 261.

Archives Building, National, 284.

Arlington Mansion, 182, 309.

Arlington Memorial Amphitheater, 313.

Arlington Memorial Bridge, 93, 135, 284, 296.

Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission, 135.

Arlington National Cemetery, 82, 142, 309, 311.

Army War College, 284.

Art in the United States, influence on: Centennial Celebration of 1876, 65. World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893, 65.

Bacon, Henry, Architect, 131, 333, 343.

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., 45.

Bancroft, George, 177.

Barsotti, Chevalier Carolo, gift of, 339.

Bennett, Parsons & Frost, architects, 284.

Bingham, Theodore A., Superintendent Public Buildings and Grounds, 146.

Blair, Gist, 153, 155.

Blashfield, Edwin Howland, mural painter, 247.

Blodgett Hotel, 43.

Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 65.

Botanical Society of Washington, 11.

Botanic Garden, 296.

Brown, Arthur, architect, 284.

Brown, Glenn and Bedford, architects, 284.

Boundary Stones, District of Columbia, 19.

Bryce, Viscount, 279, 358.

Budget, Director of the, 307.

Building Regulations of President Washington, 21, 101, 105.

Bulfinch, Charles, Architect of the Capitol, 219.

Burke, Edmund, statue of, 343.

Burnes, David, 15.

Burnham, Daniel H., 77, 80, 210, 235.

Burnham & Co., D. H., 80, 235, 241.

Cabin John Bridge, 215.

Calvert Street Bridge, 284.

Capitol, the: Bronze doors of, 224. Description of, an early, 165. Description of, a later, 219. Enlargement of, 49, 219. Group, 85. House of Representatives wing of, bronze doors of the, 228. Paintings in Rotunda of, 221. Senate wing of, bronze doors of the, 226.

Capitol Grounds and Union Station Plaza, development, 296, 301.

Capitol Prison, old, 43.

Capper-Cramton Act, the, 108, 151.

Carnegie, Andrew, 276.

Carnegie Institution of Washington, 277.

Carrere & Hastings, architects, 235, 277, 313.

Carrollsburgh, 37.

Casey, Edward Pearce, architect, 245, 275, 284, 343.

Casey, Thomas Lincoln, 205.

Cassatt, Alexander J., president Pennsylvania Railroad Co., 84.

Catholic University of America, 279.

Centennial Celebration, influence on Art, 65.

Central Heating Plant for Public Buildings, 284.

Chain Bridge, 284.

Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, 277.

Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Co., 45, 109, 182, 183.

Chicago, 65.

Chief of Engineers, 147.

Chodzinski, Kasimiriez, sculptor, 331.

Christ Church, Alexandria, Va., 117.

Christ Church, Washington, 187, 190.

Churches in Washington, National, 289.

Clarke, Gilmore D., 119.

Clay, Henry, 99, 176.

Columbia Institution for the Deaf, 279.

Columbia Island, 137, 142.

Columbus Monument, 241.

Commerce Building, Department of, 279.

Committee on the Library, 98, 161.

Congress of the United States, 228.

Congressional Cemetery, 190.

Congressional Record, 232.

Connogochegue River, 7.

Constitution Avenue, 135, 293.

Constitution Hall, 275.

Constitution of the United States: Provision for Federal District, in, 4. In Library of Congress, 247.

Continental Congress, the: Cities occupied by, 1. Inconvenienced by moving, 2.

Coolidge, President Calvin, 276, 296.

Coolidge, Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague, 250.

Council of Fine Arts, 95, 99.

Corbett, Harvey W., architect, 119.

Corcoran Gallery of Art, 65, 179, 275.

Corcoran House, 179.

Couper, William, sculptor, 326.

Courts of the District of Columbia, 193.

Crawford, Thomas, sculptor, 224, 226.

Cret, Paul P., architect, 252, 276, 284.

Custis, George Washington Parke, 182, 203, 309.

Dante, statue of, 159, 339.

D’Arc, Jeanne, statue of, 159, 333.

Daughters of the American Revolution, National Society of the, 275.

Decatur House, 176.

Declaration of Independence, 9. In Library of Congress, 245.

Delano, Frederic A., 163.

Delano & Aldrich, architects, 284.

Dermott, James R., plan of, 32.

District of Columbia, the: Act establishing, 7 Agreement for purchase of land for-- Terms of, 15; Signers of, 16. Board of Commissioners of, 7, 102, 305. Government of the, 305. Boundary stones of, 19. Description of 1810-1815, 41. Georgetown made part of, 179. Government of the, 305. Highway Plan of, 69. One hundredth anniversary of removal of the seat of government to the, 73. Origin and form of government of, 305.

District of Columbia Courthouse, 193.

Douglas, Stephen A., 321.

Downing, A. J., 145.

Dubois, Paul, sculptor, 333.

Dunbar, U. S. J., sculptor, 326.

Dupont Memorial, 333.

Early, Gen. Jubal A., 57.

Early settlements along the Potomac, 9.

Eastern Branch, 7, 8, 13.

East Capitol Street, extending the Mall axis eastward, 109, 111.

East Potomac Park, 155.

Eliot, Dr. Charles W., 240, 243.

Ellicott, Andrew, 19, 28, 29.

Ellicott Plan, 29.

Elliott, Hon. Richard N., 299.

Embassies and Legations, 289.

Engraving and Printing, Bureau of, 273, 284.

Expositions held in the United States, 68.

Federal City, the: Movement to establish, 1. Naming streets of, 20. Original agreement for, 15. Preliminary studies of, 25. Site of, 13.

Federal Hall, 5.

Federal Reserve Board Building, 276.

Federal Trade Commission Building, 284.

Fernald, Senator Bert N., 299.

Flagg, Ernest, architect, 275.

Folger Shakespeare Library, 252.

Ford’s Theater, 57, 215.

Fort Drive, 108, 111.

Fort Stevens, 57.

Fort Washington, Md., 109, 151.

Foundry Methodist Church, 45.

Foxall, Henry, 45.

Francis Scott Key Bridge, 284.

Fraser, James E., sculptor, 139, 343.

Freedom, statue of, 224.

Freer Gallery of Art, 89, 256, 284.

French, Daniel Chester, sculptor, 133, 333.

Friedlander, Leo, sculptor, 139.

Garden Club of America, 163.

Garfield Park, 147.

General Accounting Office, 284.

George Washington Bicentennial Celebration, 129.

George Washington Birthplace National Monument, 129.

George Washington Memorial Parkway, 115, 296.

George Washington National Masonic Memorial, 119.

George Washington University, 279.

Georgetown, 40, 48, 179; University, 279.

Giegengack, A. E., Public Printer, 260.

Gilbert, Cass, architect, 175, 273, 277, 304.

Goodhue, Bertram Grosvenor, architect, 276.

Government department building, first, 266, 272.

Government of the United States, the: Act for establishment of the temporary and permanent seat of, 7. Amendment to act establishing, 8.

Government Printing Office, 257-261.

Grand Army of the Republic Memorial to Benjamin F. Stephenson, 331.

Grant, Gen. U. S., Memorial 82, 87, 148, 339.

Grant, President Ulysses S., 61, 203.

Great Falls of the Potomac, 45, 109, 115.

Greenough, Horatio, sculptor, 321.

Gregory, John, sculptor, 254.

Guerin, Jules, mural painter, 133.

Hadfield, George, architect, 190, 193, 219, 309.

Hallet, Stephen H., 219.

Hamburg, 37.

Hamilton, Alexander: Part taken in locating National Capital, 6. Secretary of the Treasury, first, 271. Statue of, 343.

Hamilton, Mrs. Alexander, 203.

Hamilton, Mount, 161.

Harding, President Warren G., 135.

Hay, John, 91, 177.

Heath, Hon. Ferry K., 299.

Height of Buildings, 103.

Hewlett, J. Monroe, 275.

Highway Plan of the District of Columbia, 69.

Hoban, James, architect of the White House, 219, 261.

Hoover, President Herbert, 263.

Houdon, Jean Antoine, sculptor, 319.

House of Representatives Office Building, new, 235, 296.

Howard University, 279.

Hughes, Charles Evans, Chief Justice of the United States, 304.

Independence Hall, 3.

Indian Tribes in and about the District of Columbia, 10.

Interior Department, 127, 143, 276, 306.

Internal Revenue, Bureau of, Building, 284.

Interstate Commerce Commission Building, 279.

Jackson, President Andrew: Suggests location of Arlington Memorial Bridge, 135. Department of the Treasury Building, selects site for, 272. Statue of, 321.

James Creek, 37.

Japanese Cherry Trees, 155.

Jeanne d’Arc statue, 333.

Jefferson Pier, 91, 202.

Jefferson, President Thomas: Architect of the Capitol, appoints, 40, 167. Improves Pennsylvania Avenue, 40. Influence on architecture, 68, 86. Library of, purchase of, 219, 248. National Capital, the-- Alternate plan of, for, 15. Founding of, in, part of, 6. L’Enfant’s plans for, in directing, part of, 25. Pennsylvania Avenue, in the time of, 40, 299. Pew of, in Christ Church, 188. Secretary of State, 266. Streets in, for naming, plan of, 20. Suggests that L’Enfant study plans of Old World capitals, 24. Trees, to preserve, desire of, 143. Washington in days of, 37.

Jennewein, C. Paul, sculptor, 139.

John Marshall Place, 193.

Johnson, President Andrew, 57.

Johnston, Harriet Lane, 157.

Jones Point, cornerstone of the District of Columbia at, 19.

Jones, Thomas Hudson, sculptor, 315.

Justice, Department of, Building, 284.

Key, Francis Scott, Mansion, 42, 182.

Keyes, Senator Henry W., 299.

King Map, 33.

Klingle Ford Bridge, 284.

Labor Department Building, 279.

Lafayette, General: Entertained at-- Arlington, 182. Tudor Place, 187. Mount Vernon, visits, 123, 126. Statue of, 325. Washington, visits, 45.

Lafayette Park, 147, 153.

Land Office Building, old, 196.

Landscape Architects, American Society of, 82.

Latrobe, Benjamin H., Architect of the Capitol, 40, 167, 219, 304, 319.

Lawrie, Lee, sculptor, 276.

Lear, Tobias, burial place of, 190.

Legations, Embassies and, 289.

L’Enfant, Pierre Charles: Accompanies President Washington and Commissioners to view site for Federal City, 20. Biography of, 23. Designs Fort Washington, 151. Plan of-- Apparently forgotten, 49, 145. Basis of Plan of 1901, 83, 89. Description of, 25, 32, 93, 146. Influence on parks and highways, 108, 145, 147. Methods and features of, 25. Preserved in Library of Congress, 29. Tomb of, in Arlington, 313.

Library of Congress, 245, 296.

Lincoln Memorial, the: Description of, 131. Decorations in, 133. On main axis with Capitol and Washington Monument, 91. Statue of Abraham Lincoln, in, 133.

Lincoln Memorial and surrounding area, 135.

Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Basin, 135.

Lincoln Museum, 215.

Lincoln, President Abraham: Assassination of, 215. Fort Stevens, under fire at, 57. Funeral of, 57. Washington in the time of, 53, 147.

Little Falls of the Potomac, 45.

Logan, Gen. John A., 313.

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, statue of, 326.

Luce, Robert, Congressman, 163.

Lynn, David, Architect of the Capitol, 301, 304.

McCall, Congressman Samuel W., 95.

McClellan, Gen. George B., 176.

McKim, Mead & White, architects, 137, 284, 333.

McKim, Charles F., architect, 77, 80, 81, 91.

McKinley, President William, 177.

McMillan, Senator James, 77, 146, 304.

McMillan Park Commission: Members of, 77. Plans of-- Discussed, 28, 73, 83, 105, 146. Important feature of, 301. Influence on parks, 150. Mall developed, according to, 109.

McNary, Senator Charles L., 163.

Madison, Mrs. Dolly, 43, 175, 203, 263.

Madison, Dolly, House, 153, 175.

Madison, President James, 43, 173, 175, 188, 201.

Maginnis & Walsh, architects, 288.

Mall, the: Development of, 87, 145, 296. Extension of, 91, 155. Head of, 87. Restoring axis of, 89.

Marshall, John: George Washington, monument to, author of resolution for erecting a, 199. Chief Justice, President Washington Monument Society, 201. Secretary of State, 266. Statue of Washington, comment on, 319.

Maryland Legislature, offer of, 2.

Maryland National Capital Park and Planning Commission, 108.

Mayors of Washington, 305.

Meade, Gen. George G.: Grand Review in 1865, participates in, 57. Memorial to, 87, 150.

Meigs, Gen. Montgomery C., 215, 224, 311.

Mellon, Andrew, W., 256, 301.

Meridian Hill Park, 157.

Merriam, John C., 163.

Metropolitan Museum in New York, 65.

Mills, Clark, sculptor, 224, 321.

Mills, Robert, architect, 196, 197, 201, 272.

Mint, the, Bureau of, 273.

Monroe, President James, Washington in time of, 45, 101, 188.

Moore, Charles, former chairman, National Commission of Fine Arts, 82.

Morris, Robert, 35, 271.

Morse, S. F. B., first telegraph office of, 196.

Mount Pleasant, 57.

Mount Vernon, 121.

Mount Vernon Memorial Highway, 108, 117, 296.

Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association of the Union, 126.

Mullett, A. B., architect, 268, 284.

Municipal Center, the, 296.

Municipal Fish Wharf, 113.

Murphy, Frederick V., architect, 288.

National Academy of Sciences, 276.

National Capital, the, development of, 13, 105.

National Capital Park and Planning Commission, 51, 69, 99, 102, 105, 150, 306.

National Cathedral School, 288.

National churches in Washington, 289.

National Commission of Fine Arts, 95, 99, 102, 105, 150, 161, 296, 315.

National Conference on City Planning, 82.

National Gallery of Art, 89, 256, 284.

National Geographic Society, 277.

National Museum, 89, 256, 284.

National Park Service, 127, 143, 218.

National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, 288.

National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 275.

Naval Academy, 319.

Naval Hospital, 284, 296.

Naval Observatory, 284.

Navy Department Building, 296.

Noyes, Mrs. Frank B., 163.

Octagon House, 81, 173.

Oldroyd Collection of Lincolniana, 215.

Olmsted, Frederick Law, jr., landscape architect, 82, 87, 163.

Page, William Tyler, 209.

Palisades of the Potomac, 93.

Pan American Union, 276.

Park system of the National Capital, 143, 306.

Partridge, William T., study of L’Enfant plan by, 25.

Patent Office, 42, 48, 197.

Peaslee, Horace W., architect, 333, 343.

Pennsylvania Avenue, 37, 145, 299.

Pennsylvania Railroad Co., 84.

Pension Office Building, old, 284.

Perry, Hinton R., sculptor, 284.

Piccirilli Brothers, marble cutters, 133.

Platt, Charles A., architect, 284.

Polk, President James K., 51.

Pope, John Russell, architect, 257, 275, 277, 284.

Porter, Commodore, owner of Meridian Hill Park site, 159.

Post Office Department Building, 48, 284.

Potomac Parks, 131, 155.

Presidents of the United States, list of, 355.

Proctor, A. Phimister, sculptor, 284.

Public Buildings Act of 1926, 296, 299, 301.

Public Buildings Commission, 293, 301.

Public Buildings Program, 293.

Public Health Service Building, 276.

Public Library, 284.

Pulaski, Gen. Casimir, statue of, 331.

Putnam, Herbert, Librarian of Congress, 252.

Q Street Bridge, 284.

Quotations from great Americans on the National Capital, 357.

Railroad into the District, first, 48.

Rankin, Kellogg & Crane, architects, 284.

Red Cross, American National, 275.

Renwick, James, architect, 256, 284.

Rhind, J. Massey, sculptor, 331.

Rich, Lorimer, architect, 315.

Rinehart, William H., sculptor, 226, 228.

Riverside Drive, 93, 142.

Rock Creek Cemetery, 187, 325.

Rock Creek Church, 187.

Rock Creek Park, 148, 159.

Rock Creek Parkway, 93, 148.

Rockefeller, John D., 129.

Rodgers House, 177.

Rogers, Randolph, 224.

Roosevelt, President Theodore, 89, 91, 179, 279.

Root, Elihu, 91, 95, 98.

Ross, Albert R., architect, 333.

Rust, Mrs. Harry Lee, 129.

Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 77, 81, 91, 325.

Scottish Rite Temple, 277.

Senate and House of Representatives Office Buildings, 235.

Seven Buildings, the, 266.

Shaw Lily Gardens, 161.

Shepherd, Alexander R.: District of Columbia, Governor of, 61. Statue of, 326.

Sherman, Hon. John, 203, 209.

Shipstead-Luce Act, 95, 102.

Shrady, Henry Merwin, sculptor, 343.

Simon, Louis, architect, 284.

Six Buildings, the, 39, 266.

Smith, Capt. John, 9, 13.

Smithsonian Institution, 256, 284.

Social Security Building, 296.

Société des Femmes de France à New York, 159, 339.

Soldiers’ Home, 211.

Sousa Bridge, John Philip, 284.

St. John’s Church, 153, 190, 192.

Standards, Bureau of, 284.

Star, Evening, 51, 299.

Star-Spangled Banner, national anthem: Act of Congress designating, 185. Original, in National Museum, 185.

State, Department of, 81, 265.

State, War, and Navy Building, 61, 81, 268, 284.

State Zoning Enabling Act, 101.

Statues and Monuments in Washington, list of, 347.

Street cars, Introduction in Washington of, 57.

Sultan, Brig. Gen. Dan. I., 284.

Supreme Court Chamber, 304.

Supreme Court Building Commission, 304.

Surveyor’s Office, District of Columbia, 33, 69.

Suter’s Tavern, 19.

Taft, President William Howard, 91, 263, 279, 331.

Taft, Mrs. William Howard, 157.

Taft, William Howard, Bridge, 159, 284.

Thomas, Havard, sculptor, 343.

Thornton, Dr. William, 42, 173, 185, 190, 197, 219.

Tiber Creek, 37.

Tobacco barn, old (original Christ Church), 188.

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 296, 315.

Town House site, 32.

Treasury, Department of the, 48, 267, 271.

Trees of Washington, 63, 111.

Triangle development, 301.

Trinity College, 279.

Tripoli Column, 319.

Trowbridge, Alexander B., 252.

Trowbridge & Livingston, architects, 275.

Tudor Place, 182, 185.

Union Army, the, Grand Review of, 57.

Union Square, 87.

Union Station, 84, 235-241.

Union Station, Plaza of, 103, 301.

United States Botanic Garden, 296.

United States Engineer Office, 113.

United States Naval Academy, 319.

United States Supreme Court Building, 296, 301.

Unknown Soldier, the: Burial of, 135. Tomb of, 142, 296, 315.

Van Ness Mansion, 177, 276.

Vedder, Elihu, painter, 245.

Virginia: Offer of Legislature of, 6. Part of District of Columbia receded to, 51.

Wakefield National Memorial Association, 127, 129.

Wakefield, Va.: Ancestors of Washington settle at, 10. Birthplace of George Washington, 127.

Walter Reed General Hospital, 284, 296.

Walter, Thomas U., 86, 219, 224, 268.

War Department Building, 296.

Ward, John Quincy Adams, sculptor, 5.

Warden, David Baillie, 41.

Washington: Early, 35. 1810-1815, 41. 1816-1839, 45. 1840-1859, 49. 1860-1870, 53. Improvements made in, during administration of President Grant, 61. Metropolitan area of, 105.

Washington, Col. John, 10.

Washington, Judge Bushrod, 126.

Washington, President George: Appoints Commissioners of the District of Columbia, 13. Arrives at Suter’s Tavern, Georgetown, 19. Birthplace of, 127. Capitol, cornerstone of, lays, 219, 228. Confers with Commissioners of the District of Columbia, 20. Federal City, site for, authorized to select, 7, 8. Home of, 121. Inauguration of, 5. L’Enfant, high regard of, for, 24. Potomac Canal, constructs, 4, 151. Statues of, 5, 319, 321. Trowel used at laying of cornerstone of Capitol by, 117, 118.

Washington Aqueduct, 57.

Washington Cathedral, 284.

Washington Channel and water front, 113.

Washington City Post Office, 241.

Washington Meridian, 159.

Washington Monument, the: Detailed description of, 197. Laying cornerstone of, 49, 202.

Washington National Airport, 117.

Washington National Monument Society, 199, 209.

Webster-Ashburton treaty, tablet commemorating, 268.

Webster, Daniel: Capitol extension, orator at laying of cornerstone of, 9, 219. Describes General Jackson, 135. Residence of, 179.

White House, the: Early description of, 41, 171, 173. Later description of, 261.

Weinman, A. A., sculptor, 277, 303.

White, Stanford, architect, 325.

Wilson, James, Secretary of Agriculture, 161.

Wilson, President Woodrow, 243, 288.

Winter, Ezra, painter, 276.

Winthrop, Robert C., 202, 209.

Witherspoon, John, statue of, 326.

Wood, Waddy B., architect, 276.

World’s Columbian Exposition, 65.

World War, influence on Washington, 101, 293.

World War Memorials in Europe, 99.

Wyeth, Nathan C., architect, 284.

Wyeth & Sullivan, architects, 235.

York & Sawyer, architects, 279.

Zantzinger, Borie & Medary, architects, 284.

Zero Milestone, 333.

Zoning of the Capital, 101, 108.

Zoning Commission, 103

Zoological Park, National, 159, 256, 257, 284.

TRANSCRIPTIONS OF CHARTS AND MAPS

Page 14:

SKETCH OF WASHINGTON IN EMBRYO, Previous to its Survey by Major L’ENFANT. Compiled from the rare historical researches --of-- D^{r}. JOSEPH M. TONER, who by special favor has permitted the use of his labor and materials for the publication of a grand historical map of this District Compilers E.F.M. FAEHTZ & F.W. PRATT. 1874.

_This sketch establishes the exact location of Hamburgh and Carrollsburg and approximated metes and bounds of every estate then embraced within the precincts granted by the President. In addition thereto the subsequent avenues as well as several other early improvements,_

Page 17:

MAP SHOWING THE ORIGINAL MILESTONES OR BOUNDARY STONES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND THEIR APPROXIMATE LOCATION FRED E WOODWARD

Page 21:

TERMS AND CONDITIONS declared by the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES, this seventeenth day of October, seventeen hundred and ninety-one, for regulating the Materials and Manner of the Buildings and Improvements on the LOTS in the CITY of WASHINGTON.

1st. That the outer and party-walls of all houses within the said City shall be built of brick or stone.

2d. That all buildings on the streets shall be parallel thereto, and may be advanced to the line |of th|e street, or withdrawn therefrom, at the plea|sure| of the improver: But where any such build|ing is| about to be erected, neither the foundation or party-wall shall be begun without first applying to the person or persons appointed by the Commissioners to superintend the buildings within the city, who will ascertain the lines of the walls to correspond with these regulations.

3d. The wall of no house to be higher than forty feet to the roof in any part of the city; nor shall any be lower than thirty-five feet on any of the avenues.

4th. That the Person or persons appointed by the Commissioners to superintend the buildings may enter on the land of any person to set out the foundation and regulate the walls to be built between party and party, as to the breadth and thickness thereof. Which foundation shall be laid equally upon the lands of the persons between whom such party-walls are to be built, and shall be of the breadth and thickness determined by such person proper; and the first builder shall be reimbursed one moiety of the charge of such party-wall, or so much thereof as the next builder shall have occasion to make use of, before such |n|ext builder shall any ways use or break into the wall--The charge or value thereof to be set by |t|he person or persons so appointed by the Commissioners.

5th. As temporary conveniencies will be proper for lodging workmen and securing materials for building, it is to be understood that such may be erected with the approbation of the Commissioners: But they may be removed or discontinued by the special order of the Commissioners.

6th. The way into the squares being designed |in| a special manner for the common use and convenience of the occupiers of the respective squares--The property in the same is reserved to the public, so that there may be an immediate interference on any abuse of the use thereof by any individual, to the nuisance or obstruction of others. The proprietors of the Lots adjoining the entrance into the squares, on arching over the entrance, and fixing gates in the manner the Commissioners shall approve, shall be intitled to divide the space over the arching and build it up with the range of that line of the square.

7th. No vaults shall be permitted under the streets, nor any encroachments on the foot way above by steps, stoops, porches, cellar doors, windows, ditches or leaning walls; nor shall there be any projection over the street, other than the eves of the house, without the consent of the Commissioners.

8th. These regulations are the terms and conditions under and upon which conveyances are to be made, according to the deeds in trust of the lands within the city.

George Washington.

TERMS of SALE of LOTS in the CITY of WASHINGTON, the Eighth Day of _October_, 1792.

All Lands purchased at this Sale, are to be subject to the Terms and Conditions declared by the President, pursuant to the Deeds in Trust.

The purchaser is immediately to pay one fourth part of the purchase money; the residue is to be paid in three equal annual payments, with yearly interest of six per cent. on the whole principal unpaid: If any payment is not made at the day, the payments made are to be forfeited, or the whole principal and interest unpaid may be recovered on one suit and execution in the option of the Commissioners.

The purchaser is to be entitled to a conveyance, on the whole purchase money and interest being paid, and not before. No bid under Three Dollars to be received.

Page 27:

PLAN of the City intended for the Permanent SEAT of the Government of the UNITED STATES Projected agreeable to the direction of the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES in pursuance of an ACT of CONGRESS posted the sixteenth day of July, MDCCXC, “establishing the Permanent Seat on the bank of the Potowmac” By Peter Charles L’Enfant.

OBSERVATIONS explanatory of the PLAN.

I. The positions for the different Grand Edifices and for the several Grand Squares or Areas of different shapes as they are laid down were first determined on the most advantageous ground commanding the most extensive prospects, and the better susceptible of such improvements as the various intents of the several objects may require.

II. Lines or Avenues of direct communication have been devised as connect the separate and most distinct objects with the principal, and to preserve through the whole a reciprocity of sight at the same time. Attention has been paid to the passing of those leading Avenues over the most favorable ground for prospect and convenience.

III. North and South lines, intersected by others running due East and West, make the distribution of the City into Streets, Squares, etc., and those lines have been so combined as to meet at certain given points with those divergent Avenues so as to form on the spaces “first determined” the different Squares or Areas, which are all proportional in Magnitude to the number of Avenues leading to them.

_Breadth of the Streets._

Every grand transverse Avenue and every principal divergent one, such as the communication from the President’s house to the Congress house, etc., are 160 feat in breadth and thus divided:

10 feet of pavement on each side 20 Feet 30 feet of gravel walk planted with trees on each side 60 80 feet in the middle for carriage way 80 --- 160 The other streets are of the following dimensions, viz.: Those leading to public buildings or markets 130 Feet Others 110-90

In order to execute the above plan, Mr. Ellicott drew a true Meridional line by celestial observation which passes through the Area intended for the Congress house; this line he crossed by another due East and West, which passes through the same Area. These lines were accurately measured and made the bases on which the whole plan was executed. He ran all the lines by a Transit Instrument and determined the Acute Angles by actual measurement, and left nothing to the uncertainty of the Compass.

REFERENCES.

A. The equestrian figure of George Washington, a Monument voted in 1783 by the late Continental Congress.

B. An historic Column, also intended for a Mile or itinerary Column, from whose station (a mile from the Federal house), all distances of places through the Continent are to be calculated.

C. A Naval itinerary Column proposed to be erected to celebrate the first rise of a Navy and to stand a ready Monument to consecrate its progress and Achievements.

D. This Church is intended for National purposes, such as public prayer, thanksgivings, funeral Orations, etc., and assigned to the special use of no particular Sect or denomination, but equally open to all. It will be likewise a proper shelter for such monuments as were voted by the late Continental Congress for those heroes who fell in the cause of liberty and for such others as may hereafter be decreed by the voice of a grateful Nation.

E. Five grand fountains intended with a constant spout of water. N. B. There are within the limits of the City about 25 good springs of excellent water abundantly supplied in the driest season of the year.

The Squares coloured yellow, being fifteen in number, are proposed to be divided among the several States in the Union for each of them to improve, or subscribe a sum additional to the value of the land for that purpose, and the improvements round the Squares to be completed in a limited time.

The center of each Square will admit of Statues, Columns, obelisks, or any other ornaments, such as the different States may choose to erect, to perpetuate not only the memory of such individuals whose Counsels or military achievements were conspicuous in giving liberty and independence to this Country, but also those whose usefulness hath rendered them worthy of general imitation; to invite the youth of succeeding generations to tread in the paths of those Sages or heroes whom their Country has thought proper to celebrate.

The situation of these Squares is such that they are the most advantageously and reciprocally seen from each other, and as equally distributed over the whole City district, and connected by spacious Avenues round the grand Federal improvements, and as contiguous to them, and at the same time as equally distant from each other, as circumstances would admit. The settlements round those Squares must soon become connected.

This mode of taking possession of, and improving the whole District at first must leave to posterity a grand idea of the patriotic interest which promoted it.

Those figures coloured red, are intended for use of all religious denominations, on which they are to erect places of worship, and are proposed to be allotted to them in the manner as those coloured yellow to the different States in the Union; but no burying grounds will be admitted within the limits of the City, an appropriation being intended for that purpose without. N. B. Then a number of Squares or Areas unappropriated, and in situations proper for Colleges and Academies, and of which every Society whose object is national may be accommodated. Every house within the City will stand square on the Streets, and every lot. even those on the divergent Avenues, will run Square with their fronts, which on the most acute angle will not measure less than 56 feet and many will be above 110 feet.

Pine Creek, whose water, if necessary, may supply the City, being turned into James White’s branch.

Perpendicular height of the } F. I. Pts. source of Tiber Creek, } 236 7 ⁵⁄₈ above the level of the } tide in said Creek. }

Perpendicular height of James White’s Spring, being part of Tiber Creek, above the level of the tide in said Creek.

This branch of the Tiber, is intended to be conveyed to the President’s house.

The water of this Creek is intended to be conveyed on the high ground, where the Congress house stands, and after watering that part of the city, its overplus will fall from under the base of that Edifice, and in a Cascade of 20 feet in height, and 50 in breadth into the reservoir below; thence to run in three fills through the Garden into the grand Canal.

The perpendicular height of the ground where the Congress house stands, is above the tide of Tiber Creek, 78 feet.

° ′ Lat. Congress House, 38.53.N. Long. _0′. 0′._

References.

F. Grand Cascade, formed of the Water from the sources of the Tiber.

G. Public walk, being a square of 1,200 feet, through which carriages may ascend to the upper Square of the Federal house.

H. Grand Avenue, 400 feet in breadth, and about a mile in length, bordered with gardens, ending in a slope from the houses on each side. This avenue leads to the Monument A, and connects the Congress Garden with the

I. President’s park, and the

K. Well improved field, being a part of the walk from the President’s house, of about 1,800 feet in breadth, and ³⁄₄ of a mile in length. Every lot, deep coloured red, with green plots, designates some of the situations which command the most agreeable prospects, and which are the best calculated for spacious houses and gardens, such as may accommodate foreign Ministers, etc.

L. Around this Square, and all along the

M. Avenue from the two bridges to the Federal house, the pavement on each side will pass under an Arched way, under whose cover Shops will be most conveniently and agreeably situated. This street is 160 feet in breadth, and a mile long.

Page 31:

° ′ Lat. Capitol 38:53, N Long 0: 0.

OBSERVATIONS explanatory of the Plan.

I. The positions for the different Edifices and for the several Squares or Areas of different shapes, as they are laid down, were first determined on the most advantageous ground, commanding the most extensive prospects, and the better susceptible of such improvements, as either use or ornament may hereafter call for.

II. Lines or Avenues of direct communication have been devised to connect the separate and most distant objects with the principal, and to preserve through the whole a reciprocity of sight at the same time. Attention has been paid to the passing of those leading Avenues over the most favorable ground for prospect and convenience.

III. North and South lines intersected by others running due East and West, make the distribution of the City into Streets, Squares, &c.; and those lines have been so combined as to meet at certain given points with those divergent Avenues, so as to form on the Spaces “first determined,” the different Squares or Areas.

Perpendicular height of the source of } F. I. Pts. Tiber Creek above the level of the } 236.7.⁵⁄₈ tide in said Creek }

This branch and that of the Tiber may be conveyed to the President’s house.

The water of this Creek may be conveyed on the high ground where the Capitol stands, and after watering that part of the City, may be destined to other useful purposes.

The perpendicular height of the ground where the Capitol is to stand, is above the tide of Tiber Creek 78 Feet.

Perpendicular height of the West } F. I. Pts. branch above the tide in } 115.7.²⁄₈ Tiber Creek }

_PLAN_ of the CITY of Washington in the Territory of Columbia, _ceded by the States of_ VIRGINIA and MARYLAND _to the_ United States _OF_ America, _and by them established as the SEAT of their GOVERNMENT, after the Year_ MDCCC.

Breadth of the Streets.

The grand Avenues, and such Streets as lead immediately to public places are from 130 to 160 feet wide, and may be conveniently divided into foot ways, walks of trees, and a carriage way. The other streets are from 90 to 110 feet wide.

In order to execute this plan, Mr. Ellicott drew a true Meridional line by celestial observation, which passes through the Area intended for the Capitol; this line he crossed by another due East and West which passes through the same Area. These lines were accurately measured, and made the basis on which the whole plan was executed. He ran all the lines by a Transit Instrument, and determined the Acute Angles by actual measurement, and left nothing to the uncertainty of the Compass.

Page 81:

MAKE NO LITTLE PLANS; THEY HAVE NO MAGIC TO STIR MEN’S BLOOD, AND PROBABLY THEMSELVES WILL NOT BE REALIZED. MAKE BIG PLANS; AIM HIGH IN HOPE AND WORK, REMEMBERING THAT A NOBLE, LOGICAL DIAGRAM ONCE RECORDED WILL NEVER DIE, BUT LONG AFTER WE ARE GONE WILL BE A LIVING THING. ASSERTING ITSELF WITH EVER GROWING INSISTENCY. REMEMBER THAT OUR SONS AND GRANDSONS ARE GOING TO DO THINGS THAT WOULD STAGGER US. LET YOUR WATCH- WORD BE ORDER AND YOUR BEACON BEAUTY

DANIEL H. BURNHAM

Page 100:

WASHINGTON D.C. THE MALL--CENTRAL AREA STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT--1937 NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION

Page 104:

VIRGINIA PROJECTS SHOWN IN ACCORDANCE WITH STUDIES OF VIRGINIA-NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION ARLINGTON COUNTY ZONING COMMISSION

MARYLAND PROJECTS SHOWN IN ACCORDANCE WITH STUDIES OF MARYLAND-NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION WASHINGTON SUBURBAN SANITARY COMMISSION

EXISTING PUBLIC PARKS PROPOSED PUBLIC PARKS PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS CEMETERIES PROPOSED AIRPORTS GOLF & COUNTRY CLUBS EXISTING PRINCIPAL HIGHWAYS PROPOSED PRINCIPAL HIGHWAYS EXISTING INTERMEDIATE HIGHWAYS PROPOSED INTERMEDIATE HIGHWAYS CITIES AND TOWNS STATE LINE COUNTY LINE DISTRICT LINES

Page 110:

- INDEX - PROPOSED PARKWAY EXISTING PARK LANDS PROPOSED PARK ACQUISITION EXISTING INSTITUTIONS, CEMETERIES ETC.

PRELIMINARY PLAN FORT DRIVE PARKWAY CONNECTING THE CIVIL WAR FORTS ENCIRCLING THE CITY WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION LT. COL. U.S. GRANT 3^{RD} - EXECUTIVE AND DISBURSING OFFICER MAJ. CAREY H. BROWN - ENGINEER CHARLES W. ELLIOTT 2^{ND} - CITY PLANNER FEBRUARY 1937

Page 114:

-LEGEND- PARKS & PUBLIC GROUNDS PROPOSED PARKS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS PROPOSED PUBLIC GROUNDS

Page 149:

PARK, PARKWAY & PLAYGROUND PROJECTS DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK & PLANNING COMMISSION

Page 158:

ROCK CREEK PARK WASHINGTON, D.C.

SCALE IN FEET

OFFICE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC PARKS LIEUT. COL. U.S. GRANT, 3^{RD}, DIRECTOR

G.E. CLARK, ENGINEER IN CHARGE OF SURVEYS G.S. ELLIOTT - CHIEF OF PARTY

LEGEND LEAVE CAR OR BUS LINES FOR PARK MACADAM ROADS DIRT STREETS OR ROADS FOOT PATHS SPRINGS OR FOUNTAINS IMPROVED STREETS BRIDLE PATHS PICNIC GROVES

REVISION 1933

Page 171:

Basement Plan 1800

Transcriber’s Notes

Inconsistencies and (factual or linguistic) errors in the text have been retained, except as mentioned under Changes below. Carrere and Carrére have not been changed to Carrère (the more common spelling). Missing or wrong accents in French words have not been corrected. Several proper and geographic names are spelled either in their original or in anglicised spelling (or both) or in variations thereof; these have not been standardised. The differences (in wording and structure) between the Table of Contents, List of Illustrations and the chapter and section titles and illustration captions in the text have not been corrected either.

Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text and their settings, not all elements may display as intended.

The quality of several of the maps and charts was insufficient to display them fully legible and with all details visible, or to transcribe the text in the chart or map.

Page 14, note in lower left corner of map: the note in the source document ends (unexpectedly) in ... several other early improvements,

Page 27, 31: The (minor) differences between the texts in the charts and those in the transcriptions as printed in the source document have not been rectified.

Page 146, quote from L’Enfant, and Page 27 (transcription from chart): the minor differences between the quoted text and the map have not been rectified.

Page 201, By a resolution adopted February 29, 1847 ...: 1847 was not a leap year.

Changes made

Illustrations have been moved outside text paragraphs.

Some obvious minor typographical, spelling and punctuation errors have been corrected silently.

Where relevant and possible notes, explanatory texts, legends, etc. from illustrations have been transcribed separately; these transcriptions may be found towards the end of the text. In these transcriptions, most of the (sometimes elaborate) formatting has been ignored.

Page 42: It was erected by Mr. Blodget ... changed to It was erected by Mr. Blodgett....

Page 252: Alexander B. Trowridge changed to Alexander B. Trowbridge.

Page 284: Ackermann & Ross, architects changed to Ackerman & Ross, architects; A. B. Mullet, supervising architect changed to A. B. Mullett, supervising architect.

Page 325: ... for the statute and pedestal ... changed to ... for the statue and pedestal ....

Page 349: Antion Popiel, sculptor changed to Antoni Popiel, sculptor

Index: some names have been standardised with the spelling used in the text.