CHAPTER IX

CLUB STANDARDS, DESCRIPTIONS AND POINTS OF VARIOUS TOY BREEDS

=Pomeranians.=--These are now divided into Pomeranians (over 7 lbs.) and Pomeranians Miniature, and the Committee of the Kennel Club have laid down the following standard, applying from June 1, 1909:

THE POMERANIAN.--_Appearance._--The Pomeranian in build and appearance should be a compact, short-coupled dog, well-knit in frame. His head and face should be fox-like, with small erect ears that appear sensible to every sound. He should exhibit great intelligence in his expression, docility in his disposition, and activity and buoyancy in his deportment. In weight and size the Pomeranian varies considerably. He must be over 7 lbs., but preferably he should weigh about 10 to 14 lbs. _Head._--The head should be somewhat foxy in outline or wedge-shaped, the skull being flat, large in proportion to the muzzle, which should finish rather fine, and be free from lippiness. The teeth should be level, and on no account undershot. The hair on the head and face must be smooth and short-coated.

THE POMERANIAN MINIATURE--_Appearance._--The Pomeranian Miniature in build and appearance should be a compact, short-coupled dog. His head and face should be like a miniature fox, with small, erect, and very mobile ears, pricked and brought well together, and in no case lop-eared. He should be full of life, intelligent in expression, and docile in disposition. The Pomeranian Miniature should preferably weigh about 3 to 5 lbs., but must not exceed 7 lbs. Dogs above 7 lbs. must be registered as Pomeranians. Dogs below 7 lbs. in weight must, at twelve months of age or after, be registered or re-registered as Pomeranians Miniature, and being so registered or re-registered, can never compete in classes for Pomeranians. _Head._--The head should be wedge-shaped and rather foxy in outline, but the skull may be rounder than the Pomeranian.

STANDARD AND SCALE OF POINTS AS LAID DOWN BY THE POMERANIAN CLUB.--Secretary, G. M. Hicks, Esq., Granville House, Blackheath, London, S.E.[2] _Appearance._--The Pomeranian in build and appearance should be a compact, short-coupled dog, well-knit in frame. His head and face should be fox-like, with small, erect ears, that appear sensible to every sound; he should exhibit great intelligence in his expression, docility in his disposition, and activity and buoyancy in his deportments.--15 points. _Head._--Somewhat foxy in outline, or wedge-shaped, the skull being slightly flat (although in the toy varieties the skull may be rather rounder), large in proportion to the muzzle, which should finish rather fine, and be free from lippiness. The teeth should be level, and on no account undershot. The head in its profile may exhibit a little "stop," which, however, must not be too pronounced, and the hair on head and face must be smooth or short-coated.--5 points. _Eyes._--Should be medium in size, rather oblique in shape, not set too wide apart, bright and dark in colour, showing great intelligence and docility of temper. In a white dog black rims round the eyes are preferable.--5 points. _Ears._--Should be small, and carried perfectly erect, or pricked like those of a fox, and, like the head, should be covered with soft, short hair. No plucking or trimming is allowable.--5 points. _Nose._--In black-and-tan, or white dogs, the nose should be black; in other coloured Pomeranians it may more often be brown or liver coloured; but in all cases the nose must be self not parti-coloured, and never white.--5 points. _Neck and Shoulders._--The neck, if anything, should be rather short, well set in and lion-like, covered with a profuse mane and frill of long, straight, glossy hair, sweeping from under the jaw, and covering the whole of the front part of the shoulders and chest, as well as flowing on the top of the shoulders. The shoulders must be tolerably clean and laid well back.--5 points. _Body._--The back must be short, and the body compact, being well ribbed up, and the barrel well rounded. The chest must be fairly deep, and not too wide.--10 points. _Legs._--The forelegs must be perfectly straight, of medium length--not such as would be termed either "leggy" or "low on leg"--but in due proportion in length and strength to a well-balanced frame, and the forelegs and thighs must be well feathered, the feet small and compact in shape. No trimming is allowable.--5 points. _Coat._--Properly speaking, there should be two coats, an under and an over coat--the one a soft, fluffy under coat, the other a long, perfectly straight and glistening coat, covering the whole of the body, being very abundant round the neck and forepart of the shoulders and chest, where it should form a frill of long, flowing hair, extending over the shoulders, as previously described. The hindquarters, like those of a collie, should be similarly clad with long hair or feathering from the top of the rump to the hocks. The hair on the tail must be profuse and flowing over the back.--25 points. _Tail._--The tail is a characteristic of the breed, and should be well twisted right up from the root tightly over the back, or lying flat on the back, slightly on either side, and profusely covered with long hair, spreading out and flowing over the back.--10 points. _Colour._--The following colours are admissible: White, black, blue, brown, black-and-tan, fawn, sable, red, and parti-colours. The white must be quite free from lemon or any colour, and the blacks, blues, browns, black-and-tan, and reds free from white. A few white hairs in any of the self-colours shall not absolutely disqualify, but should carry great weight against the dog. In parti-coloured dogs, the colours should be evenly distributed on the body. Whole-coloured dogs with a white foot or feet, leg or legs, are decidedly objectionable, and should be discouraged, and cannot compete as whole-coloured specimens. In mixed classes--_i.e._, where whole-coloured and parti-coloured Pomeranians compete together--the preference should, if in other points they are equal, be given to the whole-coloured specimens.--10 points. Total--100 points.

Footnote 2: In most cases the names of the Secretaries of the various clubs are given, but it must be remembered that an annual re-election takes place.

Also catered for by the North of England Pomeranian Club. Secretary, J. Tweedale, Valley House, Oversley Ford, Wilmslow; and the Midland Counties Pomeranian Club. Hon. Secretary, Mrs. E. Parker, Meadowland, Uttoxeter Road, Derby.

=Toy Spaniels= (English).--Points as defined by the Toy Spaniel Club. Hon. Secretary, Miss M. Hall, Chalk Hill House, Norwich. _Head._--Should be well domed, and in good specimens is absolutely semi-globular, sometimes even extending beyond the half-circle, and absolutely projecting over the eyes, so as nearly to meet the upturned nose. _Eyes._--The eyes are set wide apart, with the eyelids square to the line of the face--not oblique or fox-like. The eyes themselves are large, so as to be generally considered black; their enormous pupils, which are absolutely of that colour, increasing the description. From their large size, there is always a certain amount of weeping shown at the inner angles; this is owing to a defect in the lachrymal duct. _Stop._--The "stop" or hollow between the eyes, is well marked, as in the bulldog, or even more so; some good specimens exhibiting a hollow deep enough to bury a small marble. _Nose._--The nose must be short and well turned up between the eyes, and without any indication of artificial displacement afforded by a deviation to either side. The colour of the end should be black, and it should be both deep and wide, with open nostrils. _Jaw._--The lower jaw must be wide between its branches, leaving plenty of space for the tongue and for the attachment of the lower lips, which should completely conceal the teeth. It should also be turned up or "finished," so as to allow of its meeting the end of the upper jaw, turned up in a similar way, as above described. _Ears._--The ears must be long, so as to approach the ground. In an average-sized dog they measure 20 ins. from tip to tip, and some reach 22 ins., or even a trifle more. They should be set low on the head, and be heavily feathered. In this respect the King Charles is expected to exceed the Blenheim, and his ears occasionally extend to 24 ins. _Size._--The most desirable size is from 7 lbs. to 10 lbs. _Shape._--In compactness of shape these spaniels almost rival the pug, but the length of coat adds greatly to the apparent bulk, as the body, when the coat is wetted, looks small in comparison with that dog. Still, it ought to be decidedly "cobby," with strong, stout legs, broad back, and wide chest. The symmetry of the toy spaniel is of importance, but it is seldom that there is any defect in this respect. _Coat._--The coat should be long, silky, soft, and wavy, but not curly. In the Blenheim there should be a profuse mane, extending well down in the front of the chest. The feather should be well displayed on the ears and feet, where it is so long as to give the appearance of their being webbed. It is also carried well up the backs of the legs. In the King Charles the feather on the ears is very long and profuse, exceeding that of the Blenheim by an inch or more. The feather on the tail (which is cut to the length of about 3-1/2 ins. to 4 ins.) should be silky, and from 5 ins. to 6 ins. in length, constituting a marked "flag" of a square shape, and not carried above the level of the back. _Colour._--The colour varies with the breed. The King Charles is a rich, glossy black, and deep tan; tan spots over the eyes and on cheeks, and the usual markings on the legs are also required. The Ruby Spaniel is a rich chestnut red. The presence of a _few_ white hairs _intermixed with the black_ on the chest of a King Charles, or _intermixed with the red_ on the chest of a Ruby Spaniel, shall carry _very great weight against_ a dog, but shall not in itself absolutely disqualify; but a white patch on the chest, or white on any other part of a King Charles or Ruby Spaniel shall be a disqualification. The Blenheim must not on any account be whole-coloured, but should have a ground of pure pearly white, with bright, rich chestnut or ruby-red marking evenly distributed in large patches.

The ears and cheeks should be red, with a blaze of white extending from the nose up to the forehead, and ending between the ears in a crescentive curve. In the centre of this blaze there should be a clear "spot" of red of the size of a sixpence. The tricolour, or Charles the First Spaniel, should have the tan of the King Charles, with markings like the Blenheim in black instead of red on a pearly-white ground. The ears and under the tail should also be lined with tan. The tricolour has no spot, that beauty being peculiarly the property of the Blenheim.

The only name by which the tricolour, or black, white, and tan, in future shall be recognised is "Prince Charles."

That in future the all-red toy spaniel be known by the name of "Ruby Spaniel." The colour of the nose to be black. The points of the "Ruby" to be the same as those of the "King Charles," differing only in colour.

SCALE OF POINTS.

_King Charles, Prince Charles, and Ruby Spaniels._

Symmetry, condition, and size 20 Head 15 Stop 5 Muzzle 10 Eyes 10 Ears 15 Coat and feathering 15 Colour 10 --- Total 100

_Blenheim._

Symmetry, condition, and size 15 Head 15 Stop 5 Muzzle 10 Eyes 10 Ears 10 Coat and feathering 15 Colour and markings 15 Spot 5 --- Total 100

=The Toy Trawler Spaniel.=--This little dog, having had some classes given for it at shows, deserves notice, and its standard and scale of points are appended, together with some remarks made upon it by a lady who has introduced it, and whose kennel of beautiful Toy Spaniels of all breeds is well known. _Points._--Head small and light, with very pointed, rather short, nose, fine and tapery, with a very slight curve upwards of tip of nose. A curve downwards (as in the Borzoi) should be an absolute disqualification. The "stop" well marked, and the skull rather raised, but flat on the top, not dome-shaped. Muzzle just finished, not overshot. Long ears, set high, and carried pricked forwards, framing the face. Large dark eyes, set wide apart, and showing the white when turned. They must be set perfectly straight, not obliquely, in the head. Whatever colour the dog may be, the nose and lips must be black. Neck arched. Back broad and short. Tail set on a level with the back, and carried gaily, though not straight up in the air, or curled over the back like a Pomeranian. It should be docked to about 4 or 5 inches, and well furnished with long feathering. General carriage very smart and gay. Legs reasonably short, and perfectly straight, bone light, though strong. Build square, sturdy, and compact, but never heavy. The action should be smart and prancing, coat very curly, but not woolly. It should be rather silky in texture, and very glossy. Liberal feathering, waistcoat, and breechings. Shape is all important; colour a secondary matter. Best colour a brilliant black, with white waistcoat. Next, red with white waistcoat, black and white, and red and white. Best size from 11 to 13 inches at shoulder. Any tendency to weediness should be carefully avoided, and the height at shoulders should just about equal the length from top of shoulders to root of tail. The size should not be judged by weight, but by height, as they should weigh heavily for their size. A dog about 13 inches high should weigh about 15 lbs. Very small specimens--_i.e._, under 9 inches high--are only desirable if the type, soundness, compactness, and sturdiness are unimpaired. Feet close, firm, and hard. They and the lower part of the legs should not be too heavily feathered. The expression of face should be very alert, and very sweet. The dogs should be very bold and courageous. Timidity is a great fault, and should tell against them in the ring. They are excellent ratters and rabbiters. As to proportion of head, if the total length of head be about 6 inches, the ears should be set about 4 inches apart. The whole head, seen from a bird's-eye point of view, should be triangle, with the tip of nose as apex. General appearance should be that of an exquisitely pretty little sporting dog, very strong, and exceedingly smart and compact.

They must _not_ be confounded with Cockers, being a totally different type.

SCALE OF POINTS.

General appearance, including condition and smartness 12 Coat 10 Head and expression 15 Eyes 6 Curve and proportion of muzzle 6 Set on of ears 5 Legs and feet 5 Colour 5 Action and soundness of limb 10 Size 5 Compactness, levelness of back, and set of tail 10 Boldness and alertness 8 Soundness of teeth 3 --- Total 100

POINTS THAT SHOULD DISQUALIFY.

1. A flesh-coloured nose. 2. A downward curve of muzzle. 3. No "stop." 4. Hanging lips. 5. Crooked forelegs. 6. Light-coloured eyes. 7. Slanting eyes. 8. A very long body. 9. Bad action.

POINTS THAT ARE VERY UNDESIRABLE.

1. Timidity. 2. A straight coat. 3. Low set ears. 4. Exaggeratedly short or long legs. 5. Sluggishness. 6. Exaggeration of any kind. 7. Drooping tail. 8. Showing teeth or tongue. 9. An "apple" head.

MEASUREMENTS OF A PERFECT SPECIMEN.

Inches. Breadth of skull at eyes from each outside corner of eyes across head 5 Length of skull 4 Length of nose 2-1/4 Circumference of skull 10-1/2 Circumference of muzzle under eyes 6-3/4 Space between eyes 1-3/8 Space between ears when not pricked 4-1/4 Length of ears (leather) 4 Height at shoulders 13 Length from top of shoulders to root of tail 13 Length of forelegs to elbow 7-1/2 Breadth at shoulders 6 Breadth at quarters 6 Girth 19 Feathering on tail flag 6 Waistcoat feathering 4

The origin of the breed is unknown, but it is supposed to be descended from the original curly King Charles Spaniel (see Mr. Watson's "Book of the Dog") and the old-fashioned curly Sussex Spaniel, now extinct. There is no certainty in this. The breed exists in Italy and Holland.

Toy Spaniels also have the Northern Toy Spaniel Club. Secretary, Mrs. E. A. Furnival, Eastwood, Mauldeth Road, Heaton Mersey, Manchester.

=Griffons Bruxellois.=--Points as defined by the Griffon Bruxellois Club. Hon. Secretary, Miss L. Feilding, 48, Grosvenor Gardens, London, S.W. _General Appearance._--A lady's little dog, intelligent, sprightly, robust, of compact appearance, reminding one of a cob, and captivating the attention by a quasi-human expression. _Head._--Rounded, and covered with coarse, rough hairs, somewhat longer round the eyes and on the nose, lips, and cheeks. _Ears._--Erect when clipped, semi-erect when not clipped. _Eyes._--Very large without being watery, round, nearly black; eyelids edged with black; eyelashes long and black, leaving the eye they encircle perfectly uncovered. _Nose._--Always black, short, surrounded with hair converging upwards and going to meet that which surrounds the eyes; the break (or stop in the nose) pronounced, but not exaggerated. _Lips._--Edged with black, furnished with moustache; a little black in the moustache is not a fault. _Chin._--Prominent, without showing the teeth, and edged by a small beard. _Chest._--Rather wide. _Legs._--As straight as possible, of medium length. _Tail._--Upward, and cut to the two-thirds. _Colour._--Red. _Texture of Coat._--Harsh and wiry, rather long. _Weight._--Light weight 5 lbs. maximum, and heavy weight 9 lbs. the maximum. _Faults._--Brown nose, pale-coloured eyes, silky tuft on the head, white spot on the chest or paw.

SCALE OF POINTS.

Hard coat 15 Reddish colour 10 Eyes 7 Nose and muzzle 7 Ears 3 Legs and body 5 Height and size 3 General appearance 10 --- Total 60

The Brussels Griffon Club of London (Secretary, Miss A. F. Hall, 2, Park Place Villas, Maida Hill, London, W.) offers practically the same standard, but makes a brown nose, white hairs, and a hanging tongue disqualify, while as faults it cites light eyes, silky hair on head, brown nails, and teeth showing; and its description of the typical coat is as follows:--Texture of coat harsh and wiry, irregular, rather long and thick.

=Schipperkes.=--The description of the Schipperke adopted at a general meeting of the Belgian Schipperke Club, June 19th, 1888, has been adopted by the St. Hubert Schipperke Club, and is copyright. The Schipperke Club, England, advances the following scale of points, and the Secretary is G. H. Killick, Esq., Moor House, Chorley, Lancashire.

_Head._--Foxy in type; skull should not be round, but broad, and with little "stop." The muzzle should be moderate in length; fine, but not weak; should be well filled out under the eyes. _Nose._--Black and small. _Eyes._--Dark brown, small, more oval than round, and not full; bright and full of expression. _Ears._--Shape: Of moderate length, not too broad at the base, tapering to a point. Carriage: Stiffly erect, and, when in that position, the inside edge to form as near as possible a right angle with the skull, and strong enough not to be bent otherwise than lengthways. _Teeth._--Strong and level. _Neck._--Strong and full, rather short, set broad on the shoulders, and slightly arched. _Shoulders._--Muscular and sloping. _Chest._--Broad and deep in brisket. _Back._--Short, straight, and strong. _Loins._--Powerful, well drawn up from the brisket. _Forelegs._--Perfectly straight, well under the body, with bone in proportion to the body. _Hindlegs._--Strong, muscular; hocks well let down. _Feet._--Small, catlike, and standing well on the toes. _Nails._--Black. _Hindquarters._--Fine compared to the foreparts; muscular and well-developed thighs; tailless; rump well rounded. _Coat._--Black, abundant, dense, and harsh, smooth on the head, ears, and legs; lying close on the back and sides, but erect and thick round the neck, forming a mane and frill, and well feathered on back of thighs. _Weight._--About 12 lbs. _General Appearance._--A small, cobby animal, with sharp expression, intensely lively, presenting the appearance of being always on the alert. _Disqualifying Points._--Drop or semi-erect ears. _Faults._--White hairs are objected to, but are not disqualifying.

RELATIVE VALUE OF POINTS.

Head, nose, eyes, and teeth 20 Ears 10 Neck, shoulders, and chest 10 Back and loins 5 Forelegs 5 Hindlegs 5 Feet 5 Hindquarters 10 Coat and colour 20 General appearance 10 --- Total 100

The St. Hubert Schipperke Club standard is practically identical with that of the Schipperke Club, England, the only variation being as regards the weight limits, which this club, however, also fixes at a maximum of 12 lbs. for small-sized dogs, while it allots 30 points to coat and colour, and none to general appearance. They also have the Northern Schipperke Club. Hon. Secretary, T. W. Markland, Ingersley, Links Gate, St. Anne's-on-the-Sea.

=Pugs.=--Standard and acknowledged points:

THE STANDARD.

Symmetry 10 Size 5 Condition 5 Body 10 Legs 5 Feet 5 Head 5 Muzzle 5 Ears 5 Eyes 10 Mask 5 Wrinkles 5 Tail 5 Trace 5 Coat 5 Colour 5 General carriage 5 --- Total 100

ACKNOWLEDGED POINTS.

Illustration: BLACK PUG. _"Larchmoor Peter Pan," owned by Mrs. Lyle._

_Symmetry._--Symmetry and general appearance, decidedly square and cobby. A lean, leggy pug and a dog with short legs and a long body are equally objectionable. _Size and Condition._--The pug should be _multum in parvo_, but this condensation (if the word may be used) should be shown by compactness of form, well-knit proportions, and hardness of developed muscle. Weight from 13 lbs. to 17 lbs., dog or bitch. _Body._--Short and cobby, wide in chest, and well ribbed up. _Legs._--Very strong, straight, of moderate length, and well under. _Feet._--Neither so long as the foot of the hare nor so round as that of the cat; well split-up toes, and the nail black. _Muzzle._--Short, blunt, square, but not up-faced. _Head._--Large, massive, round, not apple-headed, with no indentation of the skull. _Eyes._--Dark in colour, very large, bold, and prominent, globular in shape, soft and solicitous in expression, very lustrous, and, when excited, full of fire. _Ear._--Thin, small, soft, like black velvet. There are two kinds, the "rose" and "button." Preference is given to the latter. _Markings._--Clearly defined. The muzzle or mask, ears, moles on cheeks, thumb-mark or diamond on forehead, back-trace, should be as black as possible. _Mask._--The mask should be black. The more intense and well-defined it is the better. _Wrinkles._--Large and deep. _Trace._--A black line extending from the occiput to the tail. _Tail._--Curled tightly as possible over the hip. The double curl is perfection. _Coat._--Fine, smooth, soft, short, and glossy, neither hard nor woolly. _Colour._--Silver, or apricot fawn. Each should be decided, to make the contrast complete between the colour and the mask and trace. _N.B._--The points of black pugs, except as to colour, are the same as those for fawns. The London and Provincial Pug Club. Secretary, J. Fabian, 460, Camden Road, London, N.

=Toy Bulldogs.=--POINTS OF TOY BULLDOGS.--The general appearance of the toy bulldog must, as nearly as possible, resemble that of the big bulldog. The skull should be large, forehead flat, the skin about it well wrinkled, the "stop" broad and deep, extending up the middle of the forehead. Eyes of moderate size, situated low down on the skull, and as wide apart as possible. Ears to be "rose," if possible; "tulip" ears are allowable, but not to be encouraged; "button," or terrier-like ears are a decided fault. Face to be as short as possible, nose jet black, deeply set back, almost between the eyes. Muzzle to be short, broad, and turned upwards. The lower jaw should project considerably in front of the upper and turn up. Teeth not to be shown. Neck to be short, with much loose skin about it. "Frogginess" is objectionable. Chest to be very wide, round, and deep. Back short and strong, narrow towards the loins, and broad at the shoulder. A roach back is desirable. Tail to be short, and not carried above the back. Forelegs to be short in proportion to the hindlegs. Hindquarters much lighter in proportion than forequarters. The most desirable weight is below 20 lbs., and dogs and bitches that exceed 22 lbs. should be disqualified. The Miniature Bulldog Club. Secretary, Miss A. Bruce, 42, Hill Street, Berkeley Square, London, W.

SCALE OF POINTS.

General appearance and character 10 Head 15 Ears 15 Body 10 Size and weight 20 Tail 5 Legs 15 Chest 10 Total 100

Illustration: FRENCH TOY BULLDOG. _"Barkston Billie," owned by Mrs. Townsend Green._

DESCRIPTION AND POINTS OF THE FRENCH TOY BULLDOG.--_General Appearance._--The French bulldog ought to have the appearance of an active, intelligent, and very muscular dog, of cobby build, and heavy in bone for its size. _Head_ is of great importance, large and square. Forehead nearly flat, the muscles of the cheek well developed, but not prominent. The "stop" should be as deep as possible. The skin of the head should not be tight, and the forehead should be well-wrinkled. The muzzle should be short, broad, turn upwards, and be very deep. The lower jaw should project considerably in front of upper, and should turn up, but should not show the teeth. _The eyes_ should be of moderate size and of dark colour. No white should be visible when the dog is looking straight in front of him. They should be placed low down and wide apart. _The nose_ must be black and large. _Ears._--Bat ears ought to be of a medium size, large at the base and rounded at the tips. They should be placed high on the head and carried straight. The orifice of the ear looks forward, and the skin should be fine and soft to the touch. _The neck_ should be thick, short, and well arched. _The body._--The chest should be wide and well down between the legs, and the ribs well sprung. The body short and muscular, and well cut up. The back should be broad at the shoulder, tapering towards the loins, preferably well roached. _The tail_ should be set on low, and be short, thick at the root, tapering to a point, and should not be carried above the level of the back. _Legs._--The forelegs should be short, straight, and muscular. The hindquarters, though strong, should be lighter in proportion to the forequarters. Hocks well let down. _Feet_ should be compact and strong. _Coat_ should be of a medium density: black in colour is very undesirable. Their Club is the Bouledogue Francais Society. Secretary, F. Everard, 11, Milk Street, London, E.C.

SCALE OF POINTS.

General appearance and character 15 Skull 15 Under jaw (special points for) 10 Weight[3] 20 Body 15 Tail 5 Ears (bat) 10 Legs 5 Chest 5 --- Total 100

Footnote 3: No dog to win the maximum of points unless under 22 lbs. _Weights._--When three classes are provided, weights shall be as follows: (1) Under 20 lbs.; (2) 20 lbs. and under 24 lbs.; (3) 24 lbs. and under 28 lbs.

When only two classes are provided, weights shall be as follows: (1) Under 24 lbs.; (2) 24 lbs., not exceeding 28 lbs.

These weights are subject to alteration.

_Yorkshire Terriers._--Points of the Yorkshire Terrier, as laid down by the Yorkshire Terrier Club. Secretary, Mr. F. W. Randall, "The Clone," Hampton-on-Thames. _General Appearance._--Should be that of a long-coated pet dog, the coat hanging quite straight and evenly down each side, a parting extending from the nose to the end of the tail. The animal should be very compact and neat, the carriage being very upright, and having an important air. Although the frame is hidden beneath a mantle of hair, the general outline should be such as to suggest the existence of a vigorous and well-proportioned body. _Head._--Should be rather small and flat, not too prominent or round in the skull, nor too long in the muzzle, with a perfectly black nose. The fall on the head to be long, of a rich golden tan, deeper in colour at the sides of the head about the ear roots, and on the muzzle, where it should be very long. The hair on the chest a rich bright tan. On no account must the tan on the head extend on to the neck, nor must there be any sooty or dark hair intermingled with any of the tan. _Eyes._--Medium, dark, and sparkling, having a sharp, intelligent expression, and placed so as to look directly forward. They should not be prominent, and the edge of the eyelids should be of a dark colour. _Ears._--Small V-shaped, and carried semi-erect or erect, covered with short hair, colour to be of a very deep rich tan. _Mouth._--Perfectly even, with teeth as sound as possible. An animal having lost any teeth through accident not a fault, providing the jaws are even. _Body._--Very compact, and a good loin. Level on the top of the back. _Coat._--The hair on body as long as possible, and perfectly straight (not wavy), glossy like silk, and of a fine silky texture. Colour, a dark steel blue (not silver blue) extending from the occiput (or back of skull) to the root of tail, and on no account mingled with fawn, bronze, or dark hairs. _Legs._--Quite straight, well covered with hair of a rich golden tan, a few shades lighter at the ends than at the roots, not extending higher on the forelegs than the elbow, nor on the hindlegs than the stifle. _Feet._--As round as possible, and the toe-nails black. _Tail._--Cut to medium length; with plenty of hair, darker blue in colour than the rest of the body, especially at the end of the tail, and carried a little higher than the level of the back. _Tan._--All tan hair should be darker at the roots than in the middle, shading to a still lighter tan at the tips. _Weight._--Three classes: 5 lbs. and under; 7 lbs. and under, but over 5 lbs.; over 7 lbs.

="Silver" Yorkshire.=--Points identical with those of the Standard Yorkshire, as described above, except colouring, which should be as follows: _Back._--Silver. _Head._--Pale tan or straw colour. _Muzzle and Legs._--Light tan. _Ears._--A shade darker tan.

VALUE OF POINTS IN JUDGING.

Quantity and length of coat 15 Quality and texture of coat 10 Richness of tan on head and legs 15 Colour of hair on body 15 Head 10 Eyes 5 Ears 5 Legs and feet 5 Tail (carriage of) 5 Mouth 5 Formation and general appearance 10 --- Total 100

=Italian Greyhounds.=--The Italian Greyhound is somewhat fuller in proportion than the English Greyhound, and the nose is somewhat shorter. In other respects this beautiful dog follows the lines of its prototype as closely as possible, due allowance being made for difference in size. The colour most prized is a golden fawn, then cream, or blue fawn, followed by reds and whites; mixtures are not considered desirable. Coat should be very fine, soft, and glossy. The best size is that of a dog of about 8 lbs. weight.--From Rawdon Lee's "Modern Dogs." Hon. Secretary of Club, Mrs. Scarlett, Went House, West Malling, Kent.

=Maltese.=--This is probably the oldest of the toy dogs, having been highly prized by the ladies of ancient Greece, and doubtless of other nations at the same time. The coat is very long, straight, and silky (in first-rate specimens sweeping the ground), quite free from woolliness and from the slightest curl. Colour, pure white. Nose should be black, also roof of the mouth. Ears moderately long, the hair on them mingling with that on the neck. Tail short and well feathered, curled tightly over back. Size should not exceed 5 lbs. or 6 lbs., the smaller the better, other points being correct.--Rawdon Lee's "Modern Dogs." They have the Maltese Club of London. Hon. Secretary, Arthur Stevenson, 52, Holloway Road, N.

=Poodles.=--Points of the perfect black poodle, as defined by the Poodle Club. Secretary, Mr. L. W. Crouch, The Orchard, Swanley Village, Kent. _General Appearance._--That of a very active, intelligent, and elegant-looking, dog, well built, and carrying himself very proudly. _Head._--Long, straight, and fine, the skull not broad, with a slight peak at the back. _Muzzle._--Long (but not snipy) and strong; not full in cheek; teeth white, strong, and level; gums black; lips black and not showing lippiness. _Eyes._--Almond-shaped, very dark, full of fire and intelligence. _Nose._--Black and sharp. _Ears._--The leather long and wide, low set on, hanging close to the face. _Neck._--Well proportioned and strong, to admit of the head being carried high and with dignity. _Shoulders._--Strong and muscular, sloping well to the back. _Chest._--Deep and moderately wide. _Back._--Short, strong, and slightly hollowed, the loins broad and muscular, the ribs well sprung and braced up. _Feet._--Rather small and of a good shape, the toes well arched, pads thick and hard.

Illustration: POODLES. _Photo by J. J. Gibson, Penge._ _Champion "Orchard Admiral" and "L'Enfant Prodigue," owned by Mrs. Crouch._

_Legs._--Fore set straight from shoulder, with plenty of bone and muscle; hindlegs very muscular and well bent, with the hocks well let down. _Tail._--Set on rather high, well carried, never curled, or carried over back. _Coat._--Very profuse, and of good, hard texture; if corded, hanging in tight, even cords; if non-corded, very thick and strong, of even length, the curls close and thick, without knots or cords. _Colours._--All black, all white, all red, all blue. The white poodle should have dark eyes, black or very dark liver nose, lips, and toe-nails. The red poodle should have dark amber eyes, dark liver nose, lips, and toe-nails. The blue poodle should be of even colour, and have dark eyes, lips, and toe-nails. All the other points of white, red, and blue poodles should be the same as in the perfect black poodle. _N.B._--It is strongly recommended that only one-third of the body be clipped or shaved, and that the hair on the forehead be left on.

Also catered for by the Curly Poodle Club, Hon. Secretary, Miss F. Brunker, Whippendell House, King's Langley, Herts.

VALUE OF POINTS.

General appearance and movement 15 Head and ears 15 Eyes and expression 10 Neck and shoulders 10 Shape of body, loin, back, and carriage of stern 15 Legs and feet 10 Coat, colour, and texture of coat 15 Bone, muscle, and condition 10 --- Total 100

=The Black-and-Tan Terrier.=--Points and standard, as given by the Black-and-Tan Terrier Club. Secretary, Mr. S. J. Atkinson, 184, Adelaide Road, London, N.W. _Head._--Long, flat, and narrow, level and wedge-shaped, without showing cheek muscles, well filled up under the eyes, with tapering, tightly-lipped jaws and level teeth. _Eyes._--Very small, sparkling, and dark, set fairly close together, and oblong in shape. _Nose._--Black. _Ears._--Small and V-shaped, hanging close to the head above the eye. _Neck and Shoulders._--The neck should be fairly long, and tapering from the shoulders to the head, with sloping shoulders, the neck being free from throatiness, and slightly arched at the occiput. _Chest._--Narrow, but deep. _Body._--Moderately short, and curving upwards at the loin; ribs well sprung; back slightly arched at the loin, and falling again at the joining of the tail to the same height as the shoulders. _Legs._--Must be quite straight, set on well under the dog, and of fair length. _Feet._--More inclined to be cat than hare-footed. _Tail._--Moderate length, and set on where the arch of the back ends, thick where it joins the body, tapering to a point, and not carried higher than the back. _Coat._--Close, smooth, short, and glossy. _Colour._--Jet black and rich mahogany tan, distributed over the body as follows: On the head the muzzle is tanned to the nose, which, with the nasal bone, is jet black; there is also a bright tan spot on each cheek and above each eye; the under jaw and throat are tanned, and the hair inside the ear is of the same colour. The forelegs tanned up to the knee, with black lines (pencil marks) up each toe, and a black mark (thumb mark) above the foot. Inside the hindlegs tanned, but divided with black at the hock joint, and under the tail also tanned, and so is the vent, but only sufficiently to be easily covered by the tail; also slightly tanned on each side of chest. Tan outside of hindlegs, commonly called "breeching," a serious defect. In all cases the black should not run into the tan, or _vice versa_, but the division between the two colours should be well defined. _General Appearance._--A terrier, calculated to take his own part in the rat-pit, and not of the whippet type. _Weight (for toys)._--Not exceeding 7 lbs.

SCALE OF POINTS.

Head 20 Eyes 10 Ears 5 Legs 10 Feet 10 Body 10 Tail 5 Colour and markings 15 General appearance (including terrier quality) 15 --- Total 100

Illustration: PEKINGESE. _"Yen Chu of Newnham" owned by Mrs. W. H. Herbert._

=Japanese and Pekingese Spaniels.=--Points of the Japanese spaniel, as set forth by the Japanese and Pekingese Club. This Club is now divided into the Japanese Chin Club and the Pekingese Club, the Secretary of both being Mr. E. T. Cox, 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, E.C. _General Appearance._--That of a lively, highly-bred little dog, with dainty appearance, smart, compact carriage, and profuse coat. These dogs should be essentially stylish in movement, lifting the feet high when in motion, carrying the tail (which is heavily feathered) proudly curved or plumed over the back. In size they vary considerably, but the smaller they are the better, provided type and quality are not sacrificed. When divided by weight, classes should be for under and over 7 lbs. _Coat._--The coat should be long, profuse, and straight, free from curl or wave, and not be too flat; it should have a tendency to stand out, more particularly at the frill, with profuse feathering on the tail and thighs. _Colour._--The dogs should be either black-and-white or red-and-white--_i.e._, parti-coloured. The term "red" includes all shades of sable, brindle, lemon, and orange, but the brighter and clearer the red the better. The white should be clear white, and the colour, whether black or red, should be evenly distributed patches over the body, cheek, and ears. _Head._--Should be large for size of dog, with a broad skull, rounded in front; eyes large, dark, set far apart; muzzle very short and wide, and well cushioned--_i.e._, the upper lips rounded on each side of the nostrils, which should be large and black, except in the case of red-and-white dogs, when a brown-coloured nose is as common as a black one. _Ears._--Should be small, set wide apart, and high on the dog's head, and carried slightly forward, V-shaped. _Body._--Should be squarely and compactly built, wide in chest, "cobby" in shape. The length of the dog's body should be about its height. _Legs and Feet._--The legs should be straight and the bone fine; the feet should be long and hare-shaped. The legs should be well feathered to the feet on the front legs and to the thighs behind. The feet should also be feathered.

The points of Pekingese (as given by the same club). _General Appearance._--That of a quaint and intelligent little dog, rather long in body, with heavy front chest, and bow legs--_i.e._, very much out at elbow--the body falling away lighter behind. The tail should be carried right up in a curve over the animal's back, but not too tightly curled. In size these dogs vary very much, but the smaller the better, provided type and points are not sacrificed. When divided by weight, classes should be for under 10 lbs. and over 10 lbs. _Legs._--Should be short and rather heavy in bone, but not extravagantly so, as coarseness is to be avoided in every point; they should be well out at elbow, and the feet turned outwards also. Both legs and feet should be feathered. _Head._--Should be of medium size, with broad skull, flat between ears, but rounded on the forehead, muzzle very short (_not_ underhung), and very wide. The face should be wrinkled and nostrils black and full. Eyes large and lustrous; ears set high in the head, and V-shaped; they should be moderate in size (the tips never coming below the muzzle), and should be covered with long, silky hair, which extends much below the leather of the ear proper. _Colour._--These dogs should either be red, fawn, sable, or brindle, with black masks, face and ear shadings, or else all black. White patches on feet or chest, although not a disqualification, should not be encouraged. _Coat._--Should be long, flat, and rather silky, except at the frill, where it should stand out, like a lion's mane. The feathering on thighs and tail should be very profuse, and it is preferable that it should be of a lighter colour than the rest of the coat.

There is also the Pekin Palace Dog Association. Secretary, Miss L. C. Smythe, 115, Delaware Mansions, Sutherland Avenue, London, W.

Some other clubs are as follows (but it is in many cases usual to change the Secretary annually, so that these addresses are not all permanent, though letters generally find their mark):

Halifax and District Yorkshire Terrier Club (Secretary, T. Whiteley, 10, High Street, Halifax).

Manchester and District Yorkshire Terrier Club (Secretary, J. Hardman, 9, Richmond Street, Newton Heath, Manchester).

Oldham Toy Dog Society (Hon. Secretary, A. E. Stansfield, 209, Park Road, Oldham).

Yorkshire Pom Club (Hon. Secretary, E. Poppleton, 1, Clarendon Street, Wakefield).

Toy Dog Society of Scotland (Secretary, James Cameron, 61, Lothian Road, Edinburgh).

North of England Toy Dog Club (Secretary, R. Weatherhead, 14, Arctic Parade, Great Horton, Bradford).

Toy Dog Society (Secretary, E. T. Cox, 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, E.C.).

INDEX

Abscesses on toes, 46

Amaurosis, 71

Anaemia, 42

Aperients, 56

Appetite, loss of, 48

Areca-nut, 54

Arsenic, 66

Bad doer, the, 51

Bare patches, 63

Bat ears, 34

Baths, medicated, 64

Biliousness, 48

Black-and-tan terriers, 37 standard of, 100

Black pugs, 40 standard of, 92

Blenheims, 40 standard of, 86

Bones, 23

Breed, choice of, 30

Breeding, 5

Bronchitis, 74

Bulldogs, toy, 34 standard of, 93

Buying dogs, 4

Canker in ears, 69 in teeth, 45

Caries, dental, 45

Castor oil, 76

Catarrhal distemper, 58

Chest diseases, 74

Chill, 48

Clinical thermometer, 48

Clubs, supplementary list, 104

Coat, 24, 44

Cod liver oil, 44

Cold in eyes, 72

Colds, 73

Conditioning, 72

Coughs, 73

Dew-claws, 73

Digestive tonic, 50

Disagreeable breath, 51

Discharge after pupping, 13

Distemper, 57

Docking, 46

Ears, 69 to alter carriage of, 70

Eczema, 61, 72

Entering dogs for shows, 27

Epilepsy, 77

Erythema or puppy-pox, 62, 68

Etiquette of shows, 29

Exhibiting, 23

Eyes, 71

"Faking," 23

Fatness or obesity, 75

Feeding of Toys, 19, 42, 65

Feet, sore, 72

Fits, 77

French toy bulldog, standard of, 94

Gastritis, 60

Golden ointment, 71

Griffons Bruxellois, 37 standard of, 89

Hysteria, 75

Indigestion, 50

Internal parasites, 52

Iron tonic, 44

Italian greyhound, standard of, 97

Japanese spaniel, 35 standard of, 101

Kanofelin remedies, 63

Maltese, 41 standard of, 98

Mange, follicular and sarcoptic, 64

Mating bitches, 5

Meat diet, 21, 42

Mercury, 45, 62

Milk, 22

Missing, 8

Ophthalmia, 71

Pekingese spaniels, 35 standard of, 101

Pityriasis, 63

Poison, 75

Pomeranians, 31 standard of, 80

Poodles, 27 standard of, 98

Preparing for exhibition, 23

Pugs, 39 standard of, 91

Puppies, birth of, 10 house for, 14 rearing of, 14 size of, 6 skin troubles of, 62 training of, 18

Pupping, 9

Rashes, 62

Relapse from distemper, 59

Requisites for shows, 28

Ringworm, 67

Round worms, 55

Salt, 76

Scavenging, 20

Schipperkes, 32 standard of, 90

Season, 7

Shivering, 74

Shows, chief, 30

Shyness in ring, 29

Skin diseases, 61

Stomach coughs, 74

Strychnine, 76

Stuttgart disease, 49, 60

Suckling fits, 77

Sulphur ointment, 63

Tape-worms, 52

Tear channels, 42

Teeth, bad, 45

Teething, 17 fits, 79

Temperature, to take, 49

Toothache, 46

Toy spaniels, standard of, 83

Washing, 26

Worm medicines, 54

Yorkshire terriers, 38 standard of, 96

* * * * *

BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD.

* * * * *

=FROM MR. EDWARD ARNOLD'S LIST.=

BY THE SAME AUTHOR.

DARLING DOGS.

BY MARGARET LILITH WILLIAMS.

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.

Price 5s. net.

TIMES.--"An attractive book of talk, light and serious, and of experiences of many kinds, about dogs in the particular and in the abstract by an enthusiast."

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* * * * *

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End of Project Gutenberg's A Manual of Toy Dogs, by Mrs. Leslie Williams