PART III.

The preceding lessons, it is hoped, will have explained and illustrated in some degree the construction of sentences in Malay. It is now proposed to give a series of useful words and phrases applicable for the most part to common domestic incidents, so that the student may at once have at command the phrases most likely to be required in speaking to native servants. Unfortunately for the purity of the dialect spoken at the British settlements in the Straits of Malacca, the majority of the domestic servants there are foreigners (natives of India, Chinese, Javanese, &c.), who seldom speak Malay well, either as regards style or pronunciation. It is assumed that the student aims at something more than clothing foreign idioms with Malay words, and he should be on his guard therefore against the errors of people of this class. Facility of expression and the accurate use of idioms can only be acquired by much practice in speaking with Malays, and by attentive study of Malay authors.

LESSON XIII.

{ breakfast, } Bring { dinner, } { luncheon, } _Bawa makan-an_.[1] Put bread on the table-- _Taroh roti di-atas meja._[2] Is there any milk?-- _Susu ada-kah?_ A little sugar-- _Gula sadikit._ Shut the door-- _Tutup (OR katup) pintu._ Open the window-- _Buka jandela[3] (OR tingkap)._ Light the candle-- _Pasang[4] dian[5] (OR lilin)._ Put out the lamp-- _Padam palita._[6] I am very hungry-- _Sahaya lapar sangat._ Have you eaten rice?-- _Sudah makan nasi?_ What will you drink, sir?-- _Tuan apa handak minum?_ Go quickly-- _Pergi lakas._ Don't be long-- _Jangan lambat._ Call him here-- _Panggil din ka-mari._ Tell him to come here-- _Ajak dia kamari._ Tell him I want to speak to him-- _Khabar-kan dia sahaya handak chakap sadikit._ Don't make a noise-- _Jangan engar-engar._ Go to the right-- _Pergi ka-kanan._ Go towards the right-- _Pergi sa-b[)e]lah kanan._ Turn to the left-- _Pusing sa-b[)e]lah kiri._ Come-- _Mari._ _Mari-lah._ Come here-- _Mari sini._ _Mari di-sini._ _Mari-lah ka-mari._ Come near-- _Mari d[)e]kat._ Come quite near-- _Mari d[)e]kat-d[)e]kat._

[Footnote 1: Lit. eatables. Sometimes the Hindustani word _hazri_ is used for breakfast.]

[Footnote 2: _Meza_ or _meja_, table, is borrowed from the Persian.]

[Footnote 3: _Jandela_ is from the Portuguese _janella_, and is applied to the windows of the houses of Europeans. _Tingkap_ is the window or window-shutter of a native house.]

[Footnote 4: _Pasang_ signifies to give action to, to apply.]

[Footnote 5: _Dian_ is the better word. _Lilin_ is literally wax.]

[Footnote 6: _Palita_, in Hindustani (corrupted from the Persian _patilah_), signifies the match of a gun, a candle, a wick used in sorcery.]

EXERCISE.

Bring some bread. Where are you going? Light the lamp quickly. Bring tea, sugar, and milk. Put two candles on the table. Is there any coffee? When you reach the cross-roads turn to the right. Eat first and then go. Don't tell any one. Who is making a noise outside? He told him to come quite near. Light the lamp and then shut all the windows.

LESSON XIV.

I want a servant (lit. a hired man)-- _Sahaya handak chahari orang gaji sa'orang._ Where did you work before?-- _Di-mana kerja dahulu?_ What wages do you want per month?-- _B[)e]r-apa mahu gaji pada sa-bulan?_ I will give seven dollars a month-- _Sahaya handak kasih tujoh ringgit sa-bulan._ Take care-- _Jaga baik-baik._ Hold it quite straight-- _Pegang-lah betul-betul._ Steady now; don't let it slant-- _Baik-baik-lah jangan singet._ Don't forget-- _Jangan lupa._ Call the syce-- _Panggil sais._[7] Have you cleaned the horse?-- _Kuda sudah gosok-kah?_ Just as you please-- _Mana suka tuan._ Just as you may order-- _Mana hukum tuan._ What o'clock is it (lit. Has struck how many times)?-- _Sudah pukul b[)e]r-apa?_ It has struck twelve-- _Sudah pukul dua-b[)e]las._ It is half-past ten-- _Sudah pukul sa-puloh sa-tengah._ It wants a quarter to one-- _Pukul satu korang suku._ Take away those shoes-- _Bawa pergi kasut[8] itu._ Take away all the things-- _Angkat-lah perkakas-an sumua._ Get the carriage ready-- _Siap-kan kreta_,[9] or _sedia-kan-lah kreta._ Have you ordered the carriage?-- _Kreta sudah suroh pasang-kah?_ Put the horse to-- _K[)e]na-kan kuda._ A pair of horses-- _Kuda sa-pasang._ Saddle the black horse-- _Bubok zin[10] diatas kuda hitam._ Bring the riding-horse-- _Bawa kuda tunggang._

[Footnote 7: _Sa'is_ (Hindustani, derived from Arabic), groom, horsekeeper.]

[Footnote 8: _Kasut_ is the native word, but _sapatu_ (Portuguese _sapato_) is also extensively used to signify boots and shoes of European pattern.]

[Footnote 9: _Kreta_, Portuguese _carreta_.]

[Footnote 10: _Zin_, Hindustani and Persian. _Palana_ (Hindustani and Persian _patan_, a pack-saddle) and _sela_ (Portuguese _sella_) are also used.]

EXERCISE.

Get dinner ready. How much do you give your syce a month? At two o'clock or half-past two, just as you like. I intend to dine at seven o'clock; don't forget. Hold it carefully, and don't let it fall. Where are all the servants? Have you ordered the syce to saddle the horse? Take care; this horse is rather vicious. At what time shall I get the carriage ready? I shall return at five o'clock. Call some one to hold the horse. I have brought one pair of shoes.

LESSON XV.

Is the cook there?-- _Tukang[11] masak ada-kah?_ I keep one grass-cutter for every two horses-- _Pada dua-dua ekor kuda sahaya upah tukang-rumput sa'orang._ The gardener does not work on Friday-- _Hari juma`at tukang-kabun tiada kerja._ Be good enough to order two pairs of shoes at the shoemaker's-- _Tulong-lah p[)a]san pada tukang-kasut dua pasang kasut._ What I want are shoes that lace up-- _Yang sahaya handak itu, kasut yang ber-tali._ Where does the goldsmith live?-- _Di-mana tinggal tukang-mas?_ Look out for some good carpenter-- _Ch[)a]hari-lah tukang-kayu mana-mana satu yang pandei sadikit._ How much must I pay the blacksmith?-- _B[)e]rapa handak baiar kapada tukang b[)e]si?_ The painter says it will be finished in two days-- _Kata tukang-chat lagi dua hari habis-lah._ It must be here at two o'clock without fail-- _Mahu ada di-sini jam pukul dua, ta' bulih tidak._ I am sorry that so-and-so has not come-- _Sayang-lah si-anu ta' datang._ What a pity!-- _Kasih-an!_ Poor old man!-- _Kasihan-lah orang tuah!_ On what day will the washerman come?-- _Hari mana dobi[12] handak datang?_ I will not give it-- _Sahaya ta' mahu kasih._ He asks too much-- _Dia minta ter-lampau baniak._ He asks too long a price-- _Dia minta mahal sangat._ Speak slowly-- _Chakap perlahan-perlahan._ Has he brought anything?-- _Sudah dia bawa apa-apa?_

[Footnote 11: _Tukang._ This word in Malay corresponds to our "_fellow_," the Hindustani _wala_ and the Tamul _karen_. When used, as in the examples above given, as part of a compound, it signifies agent, doer, keeper.]

[Footnote 12: _Dhobi_ is Hindustani; _binara_, washerman, is the most idiomatic term, but _tukang-basoh_ is often heard, also, in Batavia, _tukang menatu_.]

EXERCISE.

What has the cook brought? Tell the washerman to come in three days. How much does he ask? Why is the gardener not working? The shoemaker was not at his house. Have you called the blacksmith? When will you give it to me? If you speak slowly I can understand. I do not want the carriage to-day. Be good enough to call the grass-cutter. Poor little child! The black horse is dead. I am sorry about that horse. Did he demand anything?

LESSON XVI.

Pour out the tea-- _Tuang ayer teh._ This water is not hot enough-- _Ayer ini ta' panas b[)e]tul._ When it is boiling bring it-- _Apa-bila ayer men-didih baharu-lah bawa._ Boil two eggs-- _Masak t[)e]lor dua biji._ Kill a fowl-- _Potong (OR sembilik[13]) hayam sa' ekor._ Don't scald it; pluck the feathers out-- _Jangan chelor, bulu-nia chabut satu-satu._ Make an omelette-- _Buat dadar telor._ Count these knives-- _Choba bilang pisau ini b[)e]rapa._ A person has brought bread for sale-- _Ada orang handak jual roti._ Take two loaves-- _Ambil-lah dua k[)e]tul._ What kind of meat do you wish me to get?-- _Daging apa macham tuan handak suroh ch[)a]hari?_ I am not particularly fond of beef-- _Daging lumbu sahaya ta' b[)e]rapa gamar._ See if you can get any mutton-- _Choba pre[k.]sa daging kambing barang-kali dapat k[)e]lak._[14] Is the meat to be roasted or boiled?-- _Daging handak panggang-kah handak rebus-kah?_ Mince it up fine-- _Chinchang lumat-lumat._ Don't be troublesome-- _Jangan bising._ This is the fruit-season-- _Ini-lah musim buah kayu._ What kind of fruit is there for sale now?-- _Apa macham buah orang jual sakarang?_ Mangoes, mangostins, and oranges-- _Buah mampelam, buah manggis dan limau manis._ Are there any shaddocks?-- _Limau kadangsa ada-kah?_ Buy about a dozen limes-- _B[)e]li limau asam barang dua-b[)e]las biji._ The basket is full-- _Bakul sudah p[)e]noh._ Bring a basket to put these things into-- _Bawa-lah raga handak isi-kan barang-barang ini._ This durian is unripe-- _Buah durian ini muda lagi._ No, sir; its pulp is delicious-- _Tidak tuan, elok sakali isi-nia._ These durians are not to be surpassed-- _Ta' lawan-lah buah durian ini._

[Footnote 13: _Sembilik_ is used only of the killing of an animal by a Muhammadan for consumption by Muhammadans. It is a corruption of the Arabic phrase Bi-smi-ll[-a]hi, which is pronounced as the animal's throat is cut.]

[Footnote 14: _K[)e]lak_ implies a doubt, "perchance," "may be."]

EXERCISE.

I am not very fond of poultry. Why does not the cook bring a basket? Are not these mangoes unripe? How many mangostins are there in the basket? Can you make an omelette? Boil the mutton and roast the beef. When the water is boiling put the egg in. Count the limes which the cook has brought. How many loaves of bread do you take each day? He is not very clever at cooking.

LESSON XVII.

Call a hack-carriage-- _Panggil kreta sewa._ I want to hire this carriage to go to church-- _Sahaya mahu sewa kareta ini handak pergi ka-greja._[15] What fare shall I have to pay?-- _B[)e]rapa nanti k[)e]na bayar penyewa-nia?_ Can you get there in half-an-hour?-- _Tengah jam buleh sampei-kah?_ Has the gun fired (lit. sounded)?-- _Mariam[16] sudah ber-bunyi-kah?_ The cannon has gone off-- _Mariam sudah me-letup._ He fired a musket-- _Dia me-letup-kan snapang._[17] Let go. Leave hold-- _Lepas tangan._ Who is there?-- _Siapa ada?_ Bring a light-- _Bawa api._ Where are the matches?-- _Di-mana goris api?_ Say that again-- _Choba kata lagi sakali._ I did not quite hear-- _Sahaya ta' b[)e]rapa dengar._ They are great liars-- _Dia orang kuat mem-bohong._ I dare not tell you a lie-- _Sahaya ta' b[)e]rani mem-bohong kapada tuan._ I am very sorry to hear it-- _Sahaya baniak susah hati men-dengar._ Move to the right-- _K[)e]sak ka-kanan._ This is a very large pine-apple-- _Ter-lalu besar sa-biji nanas ini._ Plantains are of various kinds-- _Macham-macham-lah pisang._ I cannot come to-morrow-- _Besok sahaya ta' buleh kamari._ Cut this stick in two-- _Kayu ini k[)e]rat dua._ Bring some wine and water-- _Bawa anggor sama ayer._ Has the rain stopped?-- _Sudah tedoh-kah hujan?_ It has moderated-- _Ada sidang sadikit._ The rain is very heavy-- _Hujan lebat sakali._ It has stopped-- _Sudah ber-hinti._

[Footnote 15: _Greja_, from the Portuguese _iglesia_.]

[Footnote 16: _Mariam_, taken evidently, though unconsciously, from the Portuguese name of the Holy Virgin. --_Crawfurd._]

[Footnote 17: _Snapang_, from the Dutch _snaphaan_.]

EXERCISE.

Tell him to go slowly. Ask the syce for matches. Tell him to light the lamps. He dare not go home alone. I told him to let go. Have you heard the gun fire? One cannot get there in an hour. He will hire out (lit. give to hire) his carriage. When the rain has stopped I will go there. He does not drink wine. Fire off the gun again. I do not quite like it. He demands much too high a fare.

LESSON XVIII.

Is dinner ready?-- _Makan-an sudah sedia-kah?_ I have invited five gentlemen to dine here this evening-- _Sudah sahaya per-sila-kan tuan-tuan lima orang me-makan di-sini malam ini._ You must cool the wine well-- _-Mahu-lah sejuk-kan anggor baik-baik._ If there is not enough saltpetre get more-- _Kalau korang sendawa ambil-lah lagi._ There is plenty of ice-- _Ayer b[)a]ku[18] ada baniak._ What is the price of Bengal potatoes by the catty?-- _Ubi Benggala b[)e]rapa harga sa-kati?_ Wipe the spoons and forks with a cloth-- _Senduk garfu sumua-nia sapu-lah sama kain._ There is a hole in this tablecloth-- _Kain meja ini ber-lobang._ It caught on a nail and was torn-- _Sudah ter-sangkut di-hujong paku langsong koyah-lah._ Some gravy was spilt on it-- _Kuah di-tumpah di-atas-nia._ Let the vegetables be perfectly hot-- _Sayur-sayur biar hangat sakali._ It is difficult to get fish at this hour-- _Ikan payah di-chahari bagini hari._ The pomfret is better than the sole-- _Baik ikan bawal deri-pada ikan lidah._ He is washing the plates-- _Dia mem-basoh piring._ That lad is very handy-- _Ch[)e]pat sakali budak itu._ Pull out the cork-- _Chabut penyumbat._[19] Put in the cork-- _Bubok-lah penyumbat._ Do you want this bottle for any purpose?-- _Tuan handak ber-guna-kan balang[20] ini?_ Bring finger-glasses (lit. water to wash the hands)-- _Bawa ayer basoh tangan._

[Footnote 18: Lit. "congealed water;" _ayer batu_, "stone water" is also used, but less correctly.]

[Footnote 19: _Penyumbat_, a stopper, from _sumbat_, to stop up, close.]

[Footnote 20: _Balang_ is the native word for a flask or bottle, but is seldom heard in the British settlements, where the English word "bottle" is generally understood.]

EXERCISE.

Wipe this table. Don't give the washerman the tablecloths which have holes. It is difficult to get ice here. Bengal potatoes are better than those from China. Wash your hands first. I am very fond of ice. Put two spoons and two forks on the table. Let the water be very cold. Perhaps I shall want it some day. I came here having been invited[21] by Mr. ----.

[Footnote 21: _Di-per-sila-kan uleh._]

LESSON XIX.

Look at this for a moment-- _Choba tengoh ini sa-buntar._ Let me see it-- _Biar sahaya me-lihat._ Do you see that man who is looking in front of him?-- _Kamu nampa-kah orang itu yang pandang ka-hadap?_ I did not pay particular attention-- _Sahaya ta' b[)e]rapa per-hati-kan._ I don't quite know (lit. I have insufficiently inquired)-- _Sahaya korang pre[k.]sa._ Pick out those that are torn-- _Pilih yang ter-koyah._ How many pairs of white trousers are there?-- _Saluar puteh ada b[)e]r apa h[)a]lei?_ Give me a shirt-- _Kasih kameja[22] sa'lei._[23] Thick material (_e.g._, blanket, rug, flannel)-- _Kain panas._ Any cloth or garment for wrapping round the body (_e.g._, sheet, coverlet)-- _S[)a]limut._ Fold up this handkerchief-- _Lipat sapu-tangan ini._ He was lying wrapped up with a blanket-- _Dia tidor-lah ber-s[)a]limut kain panas._ They wrapped him round with a sarong-- _Di-s[)a]limut-kan-nia kain sarong._ There is one pair of socks too few-- _Sarong kaki ada korang sa-pasang._ My waist-belt has disappeared-- _Tali pinggang sudah ta' nampa lagi._ Bolt the door-- _Kanching-kan-lah pintu._ Knock at the door before coming in-- _K[)e]tok pintu dahulu baharu-lah masok._ I am going to bathe now-- _Sahaya handak mandi sakarang._ Is there any water for bathing?-- _Ayer mandi ada-kah?_ The tub is full-- _Tong sudah p[)e]noh._

[Footnote 22: _Kameja_, Portuguese _camiza_.]

[Footnote 23: See _supra_, p. 70.] [[Numeral coefficients, no. 5]]

EXERCISE.

Just look at this shirt; it is torn. Bring me a pair of thick trousers. Is the door bolted? Have you seen my waist-belt anywhere? Let me see that handkerchief for a moment. He knocked at the door, but you did not hear him. I am going down to bathe. Pick out about five good ones. I look ahead of me, not behind me. He said that he had not inquired. Fold up these sheets.

LESSON XX.

Have you fed the dogs?-- _Anjing sudah kasih makan-kah?_ Did you deliver that letter?-- _Surat itu sudah s[)e]rah-kah?_ Is there any answer?-- _Ada jawab[24]-nia apa-apa?_ The master sends his compliments-- _Tuan kirim tabek baniak-baniak._ There are a great many mosquitoes here-- _Nyamok ter-lampau baniak di-sini._ I don't much like living here-- _Sahaya ta' b[)e]r-apa suka duduk[25] di-sini._ I was disgusted at hearing him speak like that-- _Sahaya binchi men-dengar per-kata-an-nia yang bagitu._ Are you on good terms with so-and-so?-- _Kamu sama si-anu ada baik-kah?_ Mr. ---- was very angry with him-- _Marah sa-kali Tuan ---- kapada-nia._ I do not venture to interfere-- _Sahaya ta' b[)e]rani champor._ Don't interrupt-- _Jangan masok-kan mulut._ Mix both together-- _Champor-lah dua-dua._ I must have onions, pepper, salt, and chillies-- _Mahu-lah bawang lada garam sama chabei._ Don't use cocoa-nut oil-- _Jangan pakei minyak kalapa._ She sits weeping day and night-- _Dia duduk menangis siyang malam._ This will do as a pattern-- _Ini-lah jadi chonto._ He made a model of a house-- _Di-buat-kan-nia achu-an rumah._ Where is the bullet-mould?-- _Achu-an peluru[26] dimana?_ My mind is made up-- _T[)e]tap-lah hati sahaya._ I very much wish (lit. the vow of my heart is) to have a garden-- _Niat hati sahaya handak ber-kabun._

[Footnote 24: _Jawab_ (a word of Arabic derivation) has been borrowed by the Malays from Hindustani.]

[Footnote 25: _Duduk_, to sit, means also (in some districts) to live, inhabit.]

[Footnote 26: _Pe-luru_, a missile, "that which goes direct," a substantive formed by the particle _pe-_ and the word _lurus_, direct, straight.]

EXERCISE.

I did not dare to go near. Put some pepper and salt into it and then mix it well. They have delivered up all the muskets. He is not on very good terms with his wife. I like to look at it. He said he would send an answer. Don't be angry with the boys. If you give the carpenter a model he can make anything. I would ask for a little bit of this cloth as a pattern. Give my compliments to your master.

LESSON XXI.

Can you sew?-- _Kamu tahu-kah menjahit?_ The tailor has come-- _Tukang jahit sudah datang._ This does not fit me-- _Ta' b[)e]tul ini dengan badan[27] sahaya._ Measure the length of this-- _Hukur-lah panjang-nia._ Just hold this for a moment-- _Tulong pegang ini sa`at._[28] Wait a moment-- _Nanti sa`at._ He has a bad foot-- _Kaki-nia sakit._ He was wounded between the ankle and the heel-- _Dia k[)e]na luka antara mata kaki dan tumit._ Her neck was swollen-- _Bongkok-lah batang leher-nia._ From the nape of the neck down to the feet-- _Deri tangkuk hingga kaki._ He put his arm under his head (lit. he made a pillow of his forearm)-- _Dia mem-bantal-kan lengan._ His knee-pan was broken-- _Patah-lah tempurong[29] lutut-nia._ A skull was found in the river-- _Di-jumpa tengkurak di-dalam sungei._ As big as one's finger-- _Besar jari._ The thumb-- _Ibu jari_ or _ibu tangan._ The forefinger-- _Jari telunjuk._ The middle finger-- _Jari tengah_, _jari mati_, or _jari hantu._ The fourth finger-- _Jari manis._ The little finger-- _Jari kelingking._ His right arm was dislocated-- _Tangan kanan-nia sudah salah urat._ He has a beard-- _Dia ber-janggut._ One seldom sees a Chinese with a moustache-- _Jarang ber-jumpa orang China ber-misei._

[Footnote 27: _Badan_, Arabic, adopted in Hindustani also; _tuboh_ is the native word; _salira_ (Sansk.) is also found.]

[Footnote 28: More correctly _sa-sa`at_, one moment. _Sa`at_ (Arabic) is found in Hindustani also.]

[Footnote 29: The primary meaning of _tempurong_ is "cocoa-nut shell."]

EXERCISE.

Show the tailor a pair of white trousers. My little finger is swollen. Hold this stick for a moment. He was stabbed in the leg near the knee. Both his arms were broken. Be good enough to sew this. I was much concerned at seeing him; he is suffering greatly. A stick as thick as my forearm. He was struck on the back of the neck. She wore a ring[30] on her fourth finger.

[Footnote 30: _Chinchin._]

LESSON XXII.

Bring my hat and riding-whip-- _Bawa topi[31] dengan rotan._[32] What is this candle made of?-- _Dian ini di-buat dengan apa?_ Give me pen and ink-- _Kasih kalam[33] sama dawat._[34] That man is deaf and dumb-- _Orang itu bisu._ His hair is very long-- _Panjang sakali rambut-nia._ What is your occupation?-- _Apa pen-chahari-an angkau?_ He cultivates padi for a livelihood-- _Dia buat bendang[35] men-chahari makan._ Is so-and-so alive still, or is he dead?-- _Si-anu ada-kah lagi hidop atau mati-kah?_ This cloth is very dirty-- _Kotor sakali kain ini._ His house was entered by robbers last night-- _Rumah dia di-masok peny-amun sa-malam._ They made off with a good many things-- _Baniak juga barang-barang dia orang angkat bawa pergi._ All were fast asleep, not one was awake-- _Sumua orang tidor lena sa-orang pun tiada jaga._ I keep my box under my bed-- _Peti sahaya simpan di-bawah tampat tidor._ I sleep on an iron bedstead-- _Sahaya tidor di-atas katil[36] besi._ My two children sleep in the loft-- _Anak-anak sahaya dua orang tidor di para._ There was a policeman watching in the street-- _Ada mata-mata sa'orang men-jaga di jalan._ He ran very fast and could not be caught-- _Dia lari ter-lalu d[)e]ras ta' s[)a]mpat orang menangkap._ The policeman chased him down to the river-bank-- _Mata-mata kejar juga sampei ka-tepi sungei._ Sometimes he comes in the morning, sometimes in the middle of the day-- _Kadang-kadang dia datang pagi-pagi, kadang-kadang tengah hari._

[Footnote 31: _Topi_, Hindustani, signifies the hat of an European.]

[Footnote 32: _Rotan_, rattan, more correctly _raut-an_, the thing peeled, from _raut_, to peel.]

[Footnote 33: _Kalam_ (found in Hindustani also) is derived from the Arabic. Cf. Sanskrit _kalama_, a kind of rice; Greek +kalamos+.]

[Footnote 34: _Dawat_ in Hindustani (derived from Arabic) means inkstand, ink-bottle, pen-case; in Malay it also signifies ink. _Tinta_ (Portuguese) is also used by the Malays for _ink_.]

[Footnote 35: _Buat bendang_, lit. "works the fields;" _bendang_ = wet rice-fields, as opposed to _huma_, dry fields on high ground.]

[Footnote 36: _Ka[t.][t.]il_, Tamul, a cot.]

EXERCISE.[37]

Ada sa-orang binara memelehra-kan sa-ekor kaldei maka `adat-nia pada tiap-tiap hari apabila sudah iya mem-basoh kain maka di-muat-kan-nia ka-atas kaldei itu di-bawa-nia-lah ka negri di-pulang-kan-nia kemdian pula di-ambil-nia kain-kain chumar di-muat-kan-nia ka-atas-nia di-bawa-nia pulang ka rumah-nia sa-telah malam hari di-ambil-nia suatu kulit harimau di-salimut-kan-nia ka-atas kaldei itu lalu di-lepas-kan-nia dalam ladang orang damikian-lah hal-nia binara itu pada tiap-tiap hari maka apabila dinahari pulang-lah kaldei itu ka rumah tuan-nia itu maka be-ber-apa kali ber-t[)e]mu kapada yang ampunya ladang itu ka-takut-an lah iya di-sangka-kan harimau lari-lah iya pulang.

[Footnote 37: This and the following fables are taken from a Malay translation of the Hindi version of the Pancha-tantra, by Abdu-llah Munshi.]

LESSON XXIII.

People are making a clearing on the hill-- _Orang ber-ladang di-atas bukit._ What are they planting?-- _Apa di-tanam-nia?_ Plantains, gourds, maize, and cucumbers-- _Pisang, labu, jagong, dan timun._ What news of the seeds which I sowed the day before yesterday?-- _Apa khabar biji itu yang di-tabur kalmarin dahulu?_ They are sprouting beautifully-- _Sangat-lah elok tunas-nia naik itu._ Goodness knows if they will live-- _Wallahu `alam akan hidop-nia._ We shall know in a few days-- _Lepas sadikit hari tahu-lah kita._ He complained to the master about that matter also-- _Di-adu juga pada tuan hal itu._ I have never heard it-- _Ta' pernah hamba tuan men-dengar._ There is a great quantity of fruit on that tree-- _Lebat sakali buah-buah di-atas pokok itu._ Pick three or four ripe ones-- _Choba petik barang tiga ampat biji yang masak._ You cannot reach them with your hand; bring a hook-- _Tangan ta' sampei bawa penggait._ He put up a hut in the middle of his plantation-- _Di-buat-nia dangau di tengah ladang._ The walls are wood and the thatch _bertam_ leaves-- _Dinding-nia kayu atap-nia bertam._ He tied it with rattan-- _Di-ikat-nia sama rotan._ Chop that stick with a bill-hook-- _Tetak kayu itu dengan parang._ He made a notch in the log-- _Di-takuk-nia batang kayu itu._ The tax is 10 cents for every log-- _Hasil-nia sapuloh duit pada sa-batang._ The timber is the property of the owner of the land-- _Kayu-kayu pulang kapada yang ampunya tanah._

EXERCISE.

Maka apabila ter-dengar khabar itu kapada kapala kawal heiran iya serta ber-kata "Ada-kah pernah harimau me-makan padi antah `alamat akhir zaman-lah sudah," lalu di-ambil-nia sa-batang lembing lalu pergi-lah iya sebab handak me-lihat hal itu, maka ber-temu-lah iya dengan kaldei itu maka apabila di-lihat kaldei manusia datang itu lalu ber-triak-lah iya serta di-dengar uleh kapala kawal itu suara kaldei maka di-hampir-i-nia-lah akan dia lalu di-tikam-nia dengan lembing-nia lalu mati-lah kaldei itu damikian-lah ada-nia per-mula-an per-satru-an itu datang-nia deripada mulut juga asal-nia.

LESSON XXIV.

His whip dropped on the road-- _Chabuk[38]-nia jatoh di jalan._ He drives exceedingly well-- _Dia pandei sakali pegang ras._[39] Drive out that dog-- _Halau-kan anjing itu._ I am going out for a drive-- _Sahaya handak naik kreta ber-angin-angin._ He knows how to write Malay-- _Dia tahu menyurat Jawi._ The letters are the same, but the pronunciation is different-- _Huruf-nia sama tetapi bunyi-nia lain._ I want to stop a moment at the warehouse-- _Sahaya mahu singga sa-kejap di gedong._ When will you come and see me?-- _Bila handak mari men-dapat-kan sahaya?_ This skin has been destroyed by insects-- _Kulit ini habis-lah di-makan ulat._ He has no fixed occupation-- _Ta' tuntu pe-karja-an-nia._ He has no settled residence-- _Ta' tetap tampat ka-duduk-an-nia._ Who is the headman of the river?-- _Siapa kapala sungei?_ The headman of the village received him-- _Di-sambut-kan-nia kapala kampong._ Five men stood on guard at the door-- _Lima orang ber-kawal di-pintu._ Whom do you wish to see?-- _Kamu handak ber-jumpa dengan siapa-kah?_ I felt as if I wanted to cry-- _Saperti handak ber-triak rasa-nia di-dalam hati sahaya._ I have been here for several months without meeting you-- _B[)e]r-apa bulan sahaya di-sini tiada juga ber-t[)e]mu dengan tuan._ It was heard across the river-- _Ka-dengar-an sampei sab[)e]rang sungei._ By the mouth the body comes to harm-- _Sebab mulut badan binasa._

[Footnote 38: _Chabuk_, Hindi, whip.]

[Footnote 39: _Pegang ras_, lit. holds the reins; _rassi_, Hindustani, reins.]

EXERCISE.

Ada kapada suatu hutan tampat gajah maka dalam gajah yang baniak itu ada sa-orang raja-nia maka be-b[)e]r-apa lama-nia iya diam pada hutan itu maka kapada suatu katika datang-lah musim kamarau maka ka-k[)e]ring-an-lah sagala ayer maka di-suroh uleh raja gajah akan sa-ekor gajah pergi men-chahari ayer maka pergi-lah iya maka sampei-lah iya kapada sa-buah gunong maka di-bawah gunong itu ada-lah sa-buah kulam penoh ayer-nia maka apabila di-lihat-nia itu maka segra-lah iya kambali memb[)e]ri tahu raja-nia maka ber-angkat-lah raja itu serta sagala ra`iyat-nia handak pergi me-minum ayer.

LESSON XXV.

What is the price of this?-- _Ini b[)e]r-apa harga?_ At first he demanded two dollars-- _Mula-mula dia minta dua ringgit._ I offered one dollar, but he would not accept it-- _Sahaya tawar sa-ringgit tiada mahu di-t[)a]rima-nia._ He said that the fixed price was two dollars-- _Kata-nia harga mati dua ringgit._ Give me whichever you please-- _Yang mana angkau suka handak bahagi, bahagi-lah._ Any one will do-- _Mana-mana satu pun jadi-lah._ This quantity will do-- _Jadi-lah sa-baniak ini._ Is this boat your own?-- _Prahu ini sendiri punya-kah?_ Are you married?-- _Sudah ber-bini-kah?_ Is he a married man?-- _Ada-kah rumah tangga-nia?_[40] He has three children-- _Dia sudah dapat anak tiga orang._ How many children have you?-- _Sudah dapat anak b[)e]r-apa orang?_ His wife has lately had a child-- _Bini dia baharu ber-anak._ He has got a son by his elder wife-- _Dia sudah dapat anak laki-laki sa-orang dengan istri-nia yang tuah._ Are these children twins?-- _Kambar-kah budak ini?_ I have known him from his childhood-- _Deri kechil lagi sahaya kenal._ His child is quite an infant, still at the breast-- _Kechil juga anak dia, menyusu lagi._ She suckled her child-- _Dia menetek-kan (OR menyusu-kan) anak-nia._ He is cutting his teeth-- _Baharu tumboh gigi-nia._ You must have it vaccinated-- _Mahu di-chungkil tanam ka-tumboh-an._ It did not take the first time-- _Mula-mula ta' k[)e]na._

[Footnote 40: Lit. Has he a house with a ladder? _i.e._, has he an establishment of his own?]

EXERCISE.

Maka ada-lah pada tepi kulam itu sa-ekor raja pelanduk serta dengan ra`iyat-nia ber-buat tampat diam di-situ maka serta ka-dengar-an-lah bunyi sagala gajah itu datang saperti ribut maka ber-kata-lah pelanduk itu sama sendiri-nia jikalau datang gajah itu kambali naschaya tiada-lah buleh kita diam di tampat ini maka uleh raja pelanduk itu di-panggil-nia mantri-nia seraya ber-sabda "Apa-kah bichara-nia jikalau datang gajah itu kamari naschaya tiada-lah buleh kita diam lagi di-sini," maka jawab mantri pelan duk itu "Jikalau dengan titah tuanku akan patek maka patek-lah pergi meng-halau-kan gajah itu dengan barang daya upaya patek," maka di-b[)e]ri-lah uleh raja p[)a]rentah akan mantri itu.

LESSON XXVI.

Go and complain at the police-station-- _Pergi-lah mengadu di-balei (OR rumah pasong_). He has been arrested-- _Dia sudah k[)e]na tangkap._ He has been locked up-- _Dia sudah k[)e]na tutop._ What is his offence?-- _Apa ka-salah-an-nia?_ What do they charge him with?-- _Apa di-tudoh-kan di-atas-nia?_ For how many days has he been detained?-- _Sudah b[)e]r-apa, hari dia k[)e]na tahan?_ This is not his first offence-- _Bukan sa-kali ini sahaja yang dia buat jahat._ Do you know him?-- _Tuan kenal-kah dia?_ No, I see him now for the first time-- _Tidak, baharu sa-kali ini sahaya me-lihat._ People say that he is a great opium-smoker-- _Kata orang dia kuat makan chandu._ He broke into the house of a Chinese in the middle of the night-- _Dia pechah masok rumah orang China tengah malam._ He was not alone; there were several others with him-- _Bukan dia sa'orang ada juga dua tiga ampat orang kawan-nia._ They were all Malays-- _Melayu belaka[41] ka-sumua-nia._ He was not the principal, but an accomplice-- _Bukan dia kapala tetapi dia menyerta-i sama._ Their intention was to steal the gold ornaments-- _Kahandak hati-nia mahu churi barang-barang mas._ He used abusive and improper language-- _Dia ber-maki-maki dengan yang ta'patut._ What is the name of the defendant?-- _Siapa nama yang k[)e]na adu itu?_ What the prosecutor says is quite right-- _Benar juga saperti kata adu-an._

[Footnote 41: _Belaka_ (entirely, completely, altogether) is often used parenthetically in a sentence, corresponding in some degree to such expressions as, "it must be said," "I should say," "let me add," "you must know."

_Ka-sumua-nia_, the whole of them, a collective substantive formed from _sumua_, all. Numerals are dealt with in the same way, as, _ka-dua-nia_, both of them.]

EXERCISE.

Maka mantri pelandu[k.] itu-pun ber-lari-lah pergi men-dapat-kan raja gajah itu seraya ber-pikir di-dalam hati-nia, "handak meng-halau-kan gajah ini ter-lalu susah-kah? ada-pun saperti sagala raja-raja itu jikalau handak mem-bunoh orang itu saperti laku orang ter-tawa bahwa damikian-lah raja ini-pun dengan sa-buntar ini juga aku halau-kan jikalau damikian baik-lah aku naik ka-atas gunong ini," maka ka-lihat-an-lah raja gajah itu serta dengan sagala tantra-nia maka ber-s[)e]ru-s[)e]ru-lah pelandu[k.] itu dengan niaring suara-nia kata-nia "ada-kah tuanku serta tantra tuanku sakalian baik?" maka menulih-lah raja gajah itu serta dengan marah-nia kata-nia "Hei benatang yang kechil lagi hina apa sebab-nia angkau meny[)e]ru aku di tengah jalan dengan ka-laku-an be-adab[42] ini siapa-kah angkau ini?"

[Footnote 42: _Be-adab_, "unmannerly," a compound adjective (Hindustani) formed by prefixing the privative particle _be-_ to the noun _adab_. Malays also borrow from the same source the word _be-hosh_, "stupified," generally mispronounced by them _bi-us_.]

LESSON XXVII.

On what day will the case be commenced?-- _Pada hari mana handak buka bichara?_ So-and-so got up and gave evidence.-- _Ber-diri si-anu jadi sa[k.]si._ Bail was refused-- _Tiada di-b[)e]ri jamin._[43] Have you any one who will go bail for you?-- _Ada-kah orang yang mahu tanggong?_ This is the surety-- _Ini-lah aku-an._ I will give bail for any amount-- _B[)e]r-apa b[)e]rat sakali-pun hamba tuan b[)e]rani tanggong._ Is this a man of property?-- _Orang ber-harta-kah ini?_ One surety is not enough; there must be two at least-- _Sa'orang aku ta'jadi sa-korang-korang mahu-lah dua orang._ Sign at this place-- _Di-sini-lah turun tanda tangan._ Do you know how to write?-- _Tahu-kah menyurat?_ If you cannot write, make a mark-- _Jikalau ta'tahu menyurat buat-lah goris tanda tangan._ That will do; you can go now-- _Suda-lah, pulang-lah dahulu._ What do you call this in Malay?-- _Bahasa Malayu apa kata ini?_ He has done it in the English fashion-- _Dia sudah buat chara Inggris._ Speak loud, and let people hear you-- _Chakap kuat-kuat sapaya buleh orang men-dengar._ He was very much afraid (and looked) as if he were about to fall down-- _Takut-lah sakali dia saperti handak r[)e]bah ka-bawah._ His face grew very pale-- _Puchat sakali muka-nia._ His statement is incoherent-- _Ta'tuntu per-kata-an-nia._ He fell at his master's feet and asked for pardon-- _Dia meny[)a]mbah kaki tuan-nia lalu me-minta ampun._ His master, being very kind-hearted, forgave him-- _Sebab ter-lalu morah hati tuan-nia langsong di-b[)e]ri-nia ma`af._

[Footnote 43: _Jamin_, "bail," a word frequently heard in the Straits Settlements, is a corruption of the Hindustani _zamin_.]

EXERCISE.

Maka jawab pelanduk "Dengar-lah tuanku akan per-kata-an patek ini, ada-pun tuan yang men[)e]rang-kan sagala `alam dunia ini serta laut dan darat iya-itu bulan maka patek ini sa-orang hamba-nia yang di-perchaya-nia maka di-suroh-nia patek datang kapada tuanku minta khabar-kan" maka jawab raja gajah itu "apa-kah khabar-nia? Kata-kan-lah uleh-mu" maka pelanduk itu-pun sambil memandang ka-langit pura-pura iya meny[)a]mbah bulan seraya kata-nia "adapun tuanku itu-lah bulan yang ampunya gunong dan kulam itu-pun iya-lah yang mem-buat-nia akan tampat mandi maka apabila iya pulang petang ka-langit maka di-suroh-nia jaga kulam itu dengan be-b[)e]r-apa singa yang garang-garang maka sebab itu-lah apa-bila di-lihat-nia tuanku ber-angkat datang kamari di-suroh-nia akan hamba mem-b[)e]ri tahu maka apabila tuanku datang di-kulam naschaya di-bunoh-lah uleh sagala singa itu maka dosa-nia itu di-atas-nia maka sebab itu-lah iya menyuroh-kan hamba datang ini memb[)e]ri tahu tuanku sakalian menyuroh-kan balik sigra"----.

LESSON XXVIII.

In which direction had we better go?-- _Sa-b[)e]lah mana baik kita pergi?_ There are numbers of snipe in the padi-fields-- _Di-bendang baniak juga burong berkik._ He has a double-barrelled gun-- _Dia punya snapang dua laras._ Both barrels are loaded-- _Sudah ber-isi ka-dua-nia._ You use very small shot-- _Tuan pakei pengabur yang halus sakali._ He is a very good shot-- _Dia pandei sakali menembak burong._ He killed two birds at one shot-- _Sakali me-letup mati-lah dua ekor burong._ Before we could get close the green pigeons all flew away-- _Belam s[)a]mpat d[)e]kat lagi habis lari-lah burong punei sumua._ Perhaps we shall get some on the other side of that thicket-- _Balik sana belukar itu barang-kali dapat k[)e]lak._ One of its wings is broken.-- _Patah-lah sayap sa-b[)e]lah._ It is not hit-- _Ta'k[)e]na._ It is wounded slightly-- _K[)e]na juga sadikit._ It has settled on the ground-- _Sudah hinggap di tanah._ It has perched on a cocoanut tree-- _Sudah hinggap di pokok nior._ Don't speak: how can you expect to get near a wild animal if you make a noise?-- _Jangan ber-mulut, benatang liyar bukan-kah, jikalau engar-engar macham mana handak d[)e]kat._ The elephant received a ball in his head, and immediately dropped-- _K[)e]na peluru sa-biji di kapala gajah itu, lalu tumbang._ Have you ever shot a tiger?-- _Ada-kah tuan dapat menembak harimau?_ How many birds have you got?-- _Tuan sudah buleh b[)e]r-apa ekor burong?_

EXERCISE.

"Maka ter-lalu-lah baniak marah-nia akan tuanku tetapi tiada mengapa segra-lah tuanku bali[k.] sapaya buleh hamba pergi mem-buju[k.] raja bulan dan mem-bai[k.]-ki hati-nia itu dan lagi pikir-lah tuan-tuan sakalian bahawa sakian lama sudah kamarau sagala kulam habis-kah ka-k[)e]ring-an apa sebab-nia kulam[44] ini bania[k.] ayer-nia? maka sakalian ini-pun sebab kasihan hati hamba akan jiwa tuan-tuan sapaya jangan anyaya masi." Sa-ber-mula sa-telah di-dengar uleh raja gajah akan sagala per-kata-an p[)e]landu[k.] itu maka ka-takut-an-lah iya sambil meny[)a]mbah ara ka-langit maka sigra-lah iya ber-balik dengan dahaga-nia. Damikian handa[k.]-nia orang yang handak menjadi raja apabila di-dengar orang nama-nia menjadi ka-takut-an ada-nia.

[Footnote 44: _Kulam_, Tamil, a tank.]

LESSON XXIX.

Is the tide making or ebbing?-- _Ayer pasang-kah surut-kah?_ Is the boat ready?-- _Prahu ada siap-kah?_ How many people will this boat carry?-- _B[)e]r-apa orang buleh muat di prahu ini?_ Ten persons, including two rowers-- _Buleh muat sa-puloh orang masok anak dayong dua orang._ There is a head-wind; we cannot sail-- _Angin muka ta'buleh ber-laiar._ Row hard-- _Dayong-lah kuat-kuat._ When we reach the mouth of the river, you can stop for a moment and rest-- _Tiba di kuala sakarang buleh berhinti sa-kejap biar hilang penat._ Who is steering?-- _Siapa pegang kamudi?_ If one is going down-stream paddles are used; for going up-stream poles are required-- _Kalau kilir pakei pengayu kalau mudik mahu-lah ber-galah._ What kind of wood is the best for boat-building?-- _Kayu mana yang ter-lebeh baik handak mem-buat prahu?_ The Chinese _sampan_ is called _sampan kotak_ in Singapore-- _Sampan China itu kata orang di Singgapura "Sampan kotak."_ Of what wood is this dug-out canoe made?-- _Prahu sagor ini di-buat dengan kayu apa?_ Steer straight for that point-- _Tuju betul ka tanjong itu._ I shall go on shore at the landing-place-- _Sahaya handak naik di darat di pengkalan._ Give me the line and let us fish a little-- _Bahagi-lah tali kail biar kita mengail sakejap._ Have you got any bait?-- _Umpan ada-kah?_ If we have any luck we may catch some big fish-- _Kalau ada untong kita barang-kali dapat juga ikan besar-besar._ The spines of that fish are very poisonous-- _Duri ikan itu bisa sakali._

EXERCISE.

Ada kapada suatu hari sa'orang pem-buru masok ka hutan lalu mem-buru iya ber-keliling hutan itu maka lalu ber-temu-lah iya dengan sa'ekor kijang maka di-kejar-nia akan kijang itu serta di-panah-nia sa-telah mati maka di-angkat-nia handak di-bawa-nia pulang sa-telah sampei ka tengah jalan maka ber-temu-lah iya pula dengan sa'ekor babi hutan maka kijang itu-pun di-letak-kan-nia lalu di-kejar-nia akan babi hutan itu lalu di-panah-nia tiada-lah kena maka handak di-panah-nia sakali lagi maka di-terkam-lah uleh babi itu akan dia serta di-gigit-nia maka mati-lah iya ber-sama-sama dengan babi itu akan tetapi anak panah itu ada juga ter-kena kapada busar-nia yang di-tangan pem-buru itu.

LESSON XXX.

He is not yet dressed-- _Dia b[)e]lum pakei kain lagi._ He is dressed like a Malay-- _Dia pakei chara Malayu._ Wake me to-morrow morning at six o'clock-- _G[)e]rak-kan sahaya pukul anam pagi._ I want to get up early-- _Sahaya handak bangun siyang-siyang._ He did not do it on purpose-- _Bukan-nia dia buat sangaja._ I was only in play-- _Sahaya lawak-lawak sahaja._ I was very sorry that I could not accompany you-- _Ter-buku hati sahaya sangat ta`buleh ber-sama-sama._ What are the contents of that letter?-- _Apa bunyi-nia surat itu?_ Do you understand the pith of it?-- _Tuan dapat-kah buku-nia?_ Has any one been here to look for me?-- _Ada-kah siapa-siapa datang men-chahari sahaya?_ Ask that woman where the well is-- _Choba tanya pada perampuan itu di-mana-kah talaga._ Is this good water?-- _Baik-kah ayer ini?_ It is excellent water, both clear and cool-- _Elok sakali ayer ini, jerneh lagi sejuk._ Can we get a green cocoanut here?-- _Nior muda dapat-kah di-sini?_ There is no one who can climb (the tree)-- _T'ada orang yang tahu panjat._ Let me climb it-- _Biar aku memanjat._ Have you brought cooking-utensils?-- _Priuk b[)e]langa sudah bawa-kah?_ These sticks are damp and will not burn-- _Basah kayu ini ta'mahu menyala._ Grind the spices-- _Giling rampah-rampah._ Will you smoke?-- _Tuan mahu minum rokok?_ I am sleepy, and shall go to bed-- _Sudah mengantuk, sahaya handak masok tidor._ Did you call me?-- _Tuan panggil-kah?_

EXERCISE.

Maka sagala hal itu ada-lah di-lihat uleh sa'ekor srigala maka ber-lari iya datang serta ber-kata "bahwa sapuloh hari lama-nia tiada-lah aku men-chahari makan-an lagi" serta datang-lah iya meng-hampir-i pem-buru itu maka di-gigit-nia tali busar itu maka tiba-tiba anak panah itu-pun datang-lah menikam srigala itu maka iya-pun mati-lah maka jikalau kita terlalu tema`a dan handak ber-lebeh-lebeh naschaya ada-lah hal kita saperti hakayat pem-buru dengan srigala itu ada-nia.