Book iii., chap xxii. First edition, 1513. The work had been composed

for Henry V. and at his request. Thomas Heywood gave a modernised version of it: "The Life and Death of Hector," 1614.

[840] Ed. Zupitza, Early English Text Society.

[841] A selection of his detached poems, mixed with many apocryphal ones, was edited by Halliwell: "A Selection from the minor Poems of Dan John Lydgate" (Percy Society), 1840, 8vo.

[842] "Troy Book"; in Schick, "Lydgate's Temple of Glas," p. lvi. In his learned essay Mr. Schick pleads extenuating circumstances in favour of Lydgate.

[843] This appeal to Chaucer is in itself quite touching; here it is:

For he that was grounde of well sayinge, In all his lyfe hyndred no makyng, My maister Chaucer yt founde ful many spot Hym list not pynche nor grutche at every blot.... Sufferynge goodly of his gentilnesse, Full many thynge embraced with rudenesse, And if I shall shortly hym discrive, Was never none to thys daye alive, To reken all bothe of yonge and olde, That worthy was his ynkehorne for to holde.

"The Auncient Historie," London, 1554, 4to, Book v. chap, xxxviii.

[844] Thomas Hoccleve was born about 1368-9 and entered the "Privy Seal" in 1387-8; he died about 1450. His works are being published by the Early English Text Society: "Hoccleve's Works," 1892, 8vo; I., "The Minor Poems." His great poem, "De Regimine principum," has been edited by Th. Wright, Roxburghe Club, 1860, 4to. Two or three of his tales in verse are imitated from the "Gesta Romanorum"; another, the "Letter of Cupid," from the "Epistre an Dieu d'Amours," of Christine de Pisan. "Hoccleve's metre is poor, so long as he can count ten syllables by his fingers he is content." Furnivall, "Minor Poems," p. xli.

[845] It seems like nothing, he says, but just try and see:

Many men, fadir, wennen that writynge No travaile is; thei hold it but a game ... But who-so list disport hym in that same, Let hym continue and he shall fynd it grame; It is wel gretter labour than it seemeth.

("Minor Poems," p. xvii.)

[846] "La Male Regle de Thomas Hoccleve," in the "Minor Poems," pp. 25 ff.

[847]

Al-thogh his lyfe be queynt, the resemblaunce Of him hath me so fressh lyflynesse, That, to putte othir men in remembraunce Of his persone, I have heere his lyknesse Do make, to this ende, in sothfastnesse, That thei that have of him lest thought and mynde, By this peynture may ageyn him fynde.

("Minor Poems," p. xxxiii.; on this portrait see above, p. 341.)

[848] "Poetical Remains of James I. of Scotland," ed. Ch. Rogers, Edinburgh, 1873. The "King's Quhair" is found entire in Eyre Todd: "Abbotsford series of the Scotch poets," Glasgow, 1891, 3 vols, _Cf._ "Le roman d'un roi d'Ecosse," with details from an unprinted MS., Paris, 1894.

[849] Though used by others before him, and especially by Chaucer; they rhyme _a b a b b c c_. Chaucer wrote in this metre "Troilus," "Parlement of Foules," &c. Here is an example, consisting in the commendation of the book to Chaucer and Gower:

Unto [the] impnis of my maisteris dere, Gowere and Chaucere, that on the steppis satt Of rethorike quhill thai were lyvand here, Superlative as poetis laureate, In moralitee and eloquence ornate, I recommend my buk in lynis sevin, And eke thair soulis un-to the blisse of hevin.

[850] "The Actis and Deidis of ... Schir William Wallace, Knicht of Ellerslie," by Henry the Minstrel, commonly known as Blind Harry, ed. J. Moir, Edinburgh, 1884-99, Scottish Text Society. Blind Harry died towards the end of the fifteenth century.

[851] Henryson was born before 1425, and wrote under James II. and James III. of Scotland; he was professor, perhaps schoolmaster, at Dunfermline. His works have been edited by David Laing, Edinburgh, 1865.

[852] "The Works of Gavin Douglas," ed. J. Small, Edinburgh, 1874, 4 vols. 8vo. Born in 1474-5, died in 1522. He finished his "Palice of Honour" in 1501, an allegorical poem resembling the ancient models: May morning, Vision of Diana, Venus and their trains, descriptions of the Palace of Honour, &c. We shall find, at the Renaissance, Douglas a translator of Virgil; his AEneid was printed only in 1553.

[853] Born about 1460, studies at St. Andrews, becomes a mendicant friar and is ordained priest, sojourns in France, where the works of Villon had just been printed, then returns to the Court of James IV., where he is very popular. He died probably after 1520. "The Poems of William Dunbar," ed. Small and Mackay, Edinburgh, Scottish Text Society.

[854] See, for example, his "Lament for the Makaris quhen he wes seik," a kind of "Ballade des poetes du temps jadis," a style which Lydgate and Villon had already furnished models of. In it he weeps:

The noble Chaucer, of makaris flouir, The monk of Bery and Gower all three.

[855] Beginning of the "Thrissil and the Rois" (to be compared with the opening of the "Canterbury Tales"):

Quhen March wes with variand windis past, And Appryl had, with his silver schouris, Tane leif at Nature with ane orient blast, And lusty May, that muddir is of flouris, Had maid the birdis to begyn their houris Amang the tendir odouris reid and quhyt, Quhois armony to heir it was delyt....

[856] Text in the Morris edition of Chaucer's poetical works, London, Aldine poets, vol. iv.

[857] Principal work to consult: F. J. Child, "The English and Scottish Popular Ballads," Boston, 1882. See above, p. 352.

[858] In "Bishop Percy's Folio MS.," ed. Hales and Furnivall, London, Ballad Society, 1867, 8vo.

[859] Text, _e.g._, in Skeat, "Specimens of English Literature," Oxford, 4th ed. 1887, p. 96, written, under the form in which we now have it, about the end of the fifteenth century.

[860]

The pillers of yvery garnished with golde, With perles sette and brouded many a folde, The flore was paved with stones precious, &c.

Stephen Hawes, "Pastime of Pleasure," Percy Society, 1845, p. 125.

[861] "A History of Agriculture and Prices," vol. iv., Oxford, 1882, p. 19. See also the important chapters on Industry and Commerce in Mrs. Green's "Town Life in the XVth Century," London, 1894, 2 vols. 8vo, vol. i. chaps. ii. and iii.

[862] This title, since conferred upon the Russells, had been given to George Neville. The king, who had intended to endow the new duke in a proper manner, had given up the idea; and on the other hand, "as it is openly knowen that the same George hath not, nor by enheritance mey have, eny lyffelode to support the seid name, estate and dignite, or eny name of estate; and oft time it is sen that when eny lord is called to high estate and have not liffelode conveniently to support the same dignite, it induces gret poverty, indigens, and causes oftymes grete extortion, embracere and mayntenaunce to be had.... Wherfore the kyng, by the advyse ... [&c.] exactith that fro hensfforth the same erection and making of Duke, and all the names of dignite guyffen to the seid George, or the seid John Nevele his fader, be from hens fors voyd and of no effecte." 17 Ed. IV. year 1477, "Rotuli Parliamentorum," vol. vi. p. 173.

[863] See "Stans puer ad mensam," by Lydgate, printed by Caxton:

T' enboce thi jowes with brede it is not due ... Thy teth also ne pike not with the knyff ... The best morsell, have this in remembraunce, Hole to thiself alway do not applye.

Hazlitt, "Remains," 1864, vol. iii. p. 23. Many other treatises on etiquette cooking, &c. See chiefly: "The Babes Book ... The Book of Norture," &c., ed. Furnivall, 1868, 8vo; "Two fifteenth century Cookery Books," ed. T. Austin, 1888, 8vo; "The Book of quinte essence," about 1460-70, ed. Furnivall, 1866 (medical recipes); "Palladius on husbondrie ..." about 1420, ed. Lodge, 1872-9 (on orchards and gardens); "The Book of the Knight of la Tour Landry ... translated in the reign of Henry VI.," ed. T. Wright, 1868, 8vo (the whole published by the Early English Text Society).

[864] "The Paston Letters," 1422-1509, ed. J. Gairdner, 1872, 3 vols. 8vo.

[865] Or in the worthy Margaret's spelling: "Yf I mythe have had my wylle, I xulde a seyne yow er dystyme; I wolde ye wern at hom, yf it wer your ese, and your sor myth ben as wyl lokyth to her as it tys there ye ben, now lever dan a goune thow it wer of scarlette." (Sept 28, 1443, vol. i. p. 49).

[866] Sept. 21, 1465, vol. ii. p. 237.

[867] _E.g._, "The Itineraries of William Wey" (pilgrimages), London, Roxburghe Club, 1857; much practical information; specimens of conversations in Greek, &c.; "The Stacions of Rome," ed. Furnivall, E.E.T.S, 1868 (on Rome and Compostella).

[868] See among others: "Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies," by Th. Wright, ed. Wuelcker, London, 1884, 2 vols. 8vo; "Promptorium Parvulorum, sive clericorum ... _circa_ A.D. 1440," ed. Albert Way, Camden Society, 1865, 4to, by Geoffrey the Grammarian, a Dominican of Norfolk; "Catholicon Anglicum, an English Latin wordbook, dated 1483," ed. Herrtage, E.E.T.S., 1881, 8vo.

[869] In the "Political Poems," ed. Th. Wright, Rolls, vol. ii. p. 157. Probable date, 1436. _Cf._ the "Debat des herauts de France et d'Angleterre," (written about 1456), ed. P. Meyer, Societe des Anciens Textes, 1877, 8vo; on the navy, p. 9.

[870] "De Dominio regali et politico." In it he treats of (chap. i.) "the difference between Dominium regale and Dominium politicum et regale," a difference that consists principally in this, that in the second case the king "may not rule hys people by other lawys than such as they assenten unto." Fortescue was born about 1395, and died after 1476. He wrote in Latin a treatise, "De natura Legis Naturae," and another, "De laudibus Legum Angliae."--"Works of Sir John Fortescue ... now first collected," by Thomas [Fortescue] Lord Clermont, London, 1869, 2 vols. 4to.

[871] Chaps. xii. and xiii., vol. i. pp. 465 ff.

[872] In his principal work, the "Repressor of over much blaming of the Clergy," ed. Babington, Rolls, 1860, 2 vols. 8vo. Pecock was born about 1395; he was a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, bishop of St. Asaph, then bishop of Chichester. He wrote, besides the "Repressor," a quantity of works ("Donet"; "Book of Faith"; "Follower of Donet," &c., unpublished), also in English prose. The Church found that he went too far, and allotted too great a part to reason; his writings were condemned and burnt; he was relegated to the abbey of Thorney in 1459, and died there a short time after.

[873] "Repressor," i, ch. xix.

[874] "The Boke of St. Albans, by Dame Juliana Berners, containing treatises on hawking, hunting and cote armour, printed at St. Albans, by the Schoolmaster printer in 1486, reproduced in fac simile," by W. Blades, London, 1881, 4to (partly in verse and partly in prose; adapted from the French).--"A Chronicle of England" (from the creation to 1417), by Capgrave, born in 1394, died in 1464, ed. Hingeston, Rolls, 1858. (Of the same, a "Liber de illustribus Henricis," in Latin, ed. Hingeston, Rolls, 1858, and other works; see above, p. 496.) "A Book of the noble Historyes of Kynge Arthur and of certen of his Knyghtes," printed by Caxton in 1485; reprinted with notes ("Le Morte Darthur," by Sir Thomas Malory) by O. Sommer and Andrew Lang, London, 1889, 2 vols. 8vo. Malory and Caxton will be mentioned again in connection with the Renaissance.

[875] The "Testament of Love," in English prose. It has been attributed to Chaucer. Mr. Skeat has shown, by deciphering an anagram, that the author's name was Kitsun: "Margaret of Virtw have mercy on Kitsun" (_Academy_, March 11, 1893).

[876] He has not observed, he admits, "the strict laws of time," and he has introduced no chorus; but it is not his fault. "Nor is it needful, or almost possible in these our times, and to such auditors as commonly things are presented, to observe the old state and splendor of dramatic poems, with preservation of any popular delight."--_To the readers._

[877] H. Vast, "Le Cardinal Bessarion," Paris, 1878, 8vo, p. 14.

INDEX.

Abbeys, 158 ff.

_A. B. C._, 275.

Abel, 475.

Abelard, 170, 461.

Abernun, P. d', 120.

Abraham and Isaac, a play, 466.

Abstractions, personified, 218, 331, 490.

Achilles, 129, 310.

_Acta Sanctorum_, 470.

Actors, 446 ff., 467 ff.

Adam, in Anglo-Saxon Bible, 72, and Eve, 359; 381, a mystery, 468 ff., 474 ff.

Adam, "scriveyn," 339.

Addison, 296.

Adgar, 123.

Adrian IV., pope, 111, 188.

AElfric, 45, 88 ff., 205, 449.

Aelred of Rievaulx, 154, 193, 213, 445 ff.

AEneas the Trojan, 114, 129, 295, _see_ "Eneas."

AEsop, 508.

AEthelberht, 61.

AEthelred, 79.

AEthelstan, 28, 46, 93.

AEthelwold, 88.

AEthelwulf, 63.

Aetius, 26.

Agricola, 20.

Ailill, 13.

Aimer, 147.

Aix, Albert d', 409.

Alaric, 26.

Albin, St., 220.

Alchemist, in Chaucer, 325, 327.

Alcuin, 65 ff., 81, 82.

Aldhelm, 66, his riddles, 72.

"Alemanni," 25.

Alexander, romances on, 127 ff.; 222.

Alexander, bishop of Lincoln, 162.

Alfred the Great, 27, 28, 61, 63, life and works, 79 ff.; 243.

Alienor of Aquitaine, 112.

Alienor of Provence, 112, 454.

Allegories, in _Roman de la Rose_, 276 ff.

Allen, Grant, on Germanic names, 31, on Norman names, 244.

Alliteration, in Anglo-Saxon and in French, 37 ff., in Aldhelm, 66, after the Conquest, 205 ff.; 245, Chaucer's opinion about, 339; 348, 351, in Langland, 401.

Ambrose, companion of Richard Coeur-de-Lion, 121.

America, discovered, 491.

_Amis and Amile_, 142, 229.

Ammianus Marcellinus, 32, 114.

_Anatomy of Abuses_, 346.

Anchoresses, 153, 211 ff.

_Ancren Riwle_, 211 ff., 218, 247.

Anderida, 30.

_Andreas_, 39, 69, 73 ff.

_Anelida_ see _Complaint_.

Angevin England, literature of, Bk. ii. c. ii., iii., iv., 116 ff.; survives in Gower, 364.

Angle, Sir Guichard d', 284.

Angles, 22, 25, 27, 84.

"Angli," 20.

Anglo-Saxons, their name, 28, vocabulary, 29, national poetry, Bk. i. c. iii., 36 ff., Mss. and art of, 45, 63, 65, despondency of, 47 ff., 56 ff., their idea of death, 57 ff., their Christian literature, Bk. i. c. iv., 60 ff., their internal divisions, 93, how transformed by Norman conquest, 203 ff., 250, mind and genius of, 300, 316, 344, 402, Chaucer and the, 338 ff.

_Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, 46, 47, 62, 86 ff., on Hastings, 100, 103, on William, 105 ff.

Anne of Bohemia, 265, 454 ff.

Annebaut, R. d', 120.

Anselm, St., 165, 193, 198.

Antenor, the Trojan, 113.

_Antigone_ of Sophocles, 34.

_Antiocheis_, 176.

Antoninus Pius, 19, 20.

Apelles, 286, 294.

Apollinia, life of St., and drama on, 470 ff.

_Apollonius of Tyre_, in A.S., 79.

_Appius and Virginia_, 325, 330.

Aquinas, St. Thomas, 165.

_Arabian Nights_, 496.

Arbois de Jubainville, d', on Celts, 5 ff.

Arc, Joan of, 256, 354, 459.

Architecture, of the Anglo-Saxons, 63, Norman, 107, perpendicular, 261, with "pinnacles," 297; 353, of Westminster Hall, 414.

Argentille, 223.

Argyropoulos, 523.

Ariosto, 17, 97.

Aristotle, 120, 165, 173, 194, 380.

"Armachanus," _see_ Fitzralph.

Armenia, 201.

Armorica, 33.

"Army," the Danish, 80.

Arnold, T., on _Beowulf_, 48, on Wyclif, 432.

Art: Henry III.'s style, 200, 262, gold and silver tablets, cups, &c., 258 ff., pictures, 258, 262, miniatures, 259, tapestries, 262, embroidery, 264, statue from the nude, 265, painted walls and stained glass, 280, in Italy, 285 ff., antique, 287 ff., portrait of Chaucer, 341, 503, favoured by Plantagenets, 353 ff., tomb of Gower, 365, Malvern Church, 376, picture by Fouquet, 470 ff., fresco at Stratford-on-Avon, 494; _see_ Architecture, Miniatures.

Arthur, King, early songs on, 32; 112, 113, 127; cycle of, 131 ff.; 177, in Layamon, 220 ff.; 222, 226, 348 ff.

Ass, feast of the, 452.

Asser, 81, 82.

_Astree_, 139.

_Astrolabe_, 337, 341, 411.

Attila, 26, 44, 48.

Aucassin, 227, 404, 503.

Augier, of St. Frideswide's, 123.

Augustine, comes to England, 60 ff.

Augustus, the emperor, 129, 481, 486.

Aungerville, Sir R., 166.

Ausonius, 33.

Avebury, circles at, 4.

Avesbury, Robert of, 174, 201.

Avignon, 158, 391, 420.

Avit, St., bishop of Vienna, 75.

_Ayenbite of Inwyt_, 214.

Aymon, 156.

Bacchanals, 449 ff.

Bacchus, theatre of, 476.

Bacon, Roger, 165, 193, 194.

"Badin," on the stage, 492.

Bailey, Harry, of the "Tabard," 316 ff., 321 ff., 341.

_Balade de bon Conseyl_, 341.

Balduf, 221.

Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, 176, 177, 198.

John Ball, priest, 359, 368, 401, 413, 491.

Ballads, by Chaucer, 271, on Griselda, 332; 352 ff., by Gower, 366 ff.; 512, _see_ "Chansons," and Songs.

Ballets, 456.

Barbour, J., 361 ff., 507.

Bards, Celtic, 10.

Barking, Clemence of, 123.

Barry, Gerald de, on Welshmen, 10; 19, 117, 134, 176, 192, 198.

Barry, Richard de, 203.

Barry, William de, 198.

Bartholomew, St., life of, in A.S., 91.

Bartholomew the Englishman, 169, 195, 225, 406.

Bath, ruins at, 19, 59.

"Battle," Bk. ii. c. i., 97 ff.

Battle abbey, 102 ff.

Bavaria, Isabeau of, 455.

Bayard, a horse, 271.

Bayeux tapestry, 100.

Beauchamp, family of, 109.

Beaufort, Jane, 504.

Beaumont, Louis de, bishop of Durham, 162.

Beauty, physical, 264, Chaucer's idea of, 292; 353 ff.

Beauveau, Pierre de, 311, 354.

Becket, St. Thomas, life in French, 123; 156, 165, 188 ff., 208, 319.

Bede, 57, 62, life and works, 66 ff., 81, translated by Alfred, 82 ff.; 205, 220.

Bedford, George Neville, duke of, 515.

Bedier, on fabliaux, 142.

_Bello Trojano, De_, 176.

_Beowulf_, 37 ff., 45, 47, analysis of, 48 ff., compared with Roland, 54 ff.; 99, 219, 338.

Bercheur, Pierre, 183.

Berger, S., on Bible, 433.

Berkeley, Edward of, 284.

Bernard, St., 188, 191.

Berners, Dame Juliana, 522.

Bernlak de Haut Desert, 350.

Berou, author of a _Tristan_, 134.

Berry, Jean duc de, 76.

_Beryn_, tale of, 320.

Bessarion, 168, 525.

_Bestiaire d'Amour_, 123.

Bestiaries, 76, 123, 214, 276, 409.

Betenham, William, 312.

_Bevis of Hampton_, 223.

Bible, in Anglo-Saxon, 71 ff., by AElfric, 87, in English, in French, 207; 315, quoted in Parliament, 415 ff., translated by Wyclif, 432 ff., dramatised, 489, Pecock on, 521.

"Bibles," moral works, 366.

Biblesworth, Walter de, 237.

Bigod, 250, 109.

Biquet, Robert, 226.

Biscop, Benedict, 66.

Bishops, warrior, learned, saintly, 162 ff.

Blacke, Anthony, 256.

Black Prince, 232, 242, 262, 264, 284, 425.

Blanket, of Bristol, 256.

_Blickling Homilies_, 45, 88 ff.

Boccaccio, 143, 268, 282, 288 ff., 299 ff., 320 ff., 332, 370 ff., 499.

_Body and Soul_, debate of, 230.

Boece, translated by Alfred, 82, 84 ff.; 165, 175, translated by Chaucer, 291; 339, 411, 490, 505.

Bohemia, heresies in, 438.

Bohemond, of Antioch, 107.

Boehler, Peter, 438.

Bohun, 109, 250.

Boileau, 330, 473.

_Boke of Nurture_, 264, _of St. Albans_, 522.

Boldensele, William of, 409.

Bollandus, 470.

Bonaventure, St., 214.

Boncuor, William de, 272.

Boniface, St., 64, 65, 68.

Boniface VIII., 432.

_Book of Cupid_, 279, _of the Duchesse_, 272, 279 ff., 499, _of Nurture_, 264, _of St. Albans_, 522.

"Boern," 44.

Bossert, on _Tristan_, 135 ff.

Bourgogne, Jean de, a la barbe, 407 ff.

_Bourse pleine de sens_, 226.

Bozon Nicole, 118, 123.

Bracton, H. de, 196, 235, 254.

Bradford-on-Avon, Anglo-Saxon Church at, 63.

Bradshaigh, lady, 333.

Bradshaw, on Chaucer, 324 ff.

Bradwardine, archbishop, 193, 194.

Brakelonde, Jocelin de, 124.

Brampton, Thomas, 496.

Brandan, St., 209, 210.

Brantingham, Thomas de, 452.

Breakspeare, Nicolas, 111, 188.

Brescia, Albertano de, 325, 331.

Bretigny, peace of, 271, 391.

Britain, Celtic, Bk. i. c. i., 3 ff.

Britons, 7 ff., not destroyed by Anglo-Saxons, 29 ff.; 177, "gentil," 330, 338.

Brittany, its literature, 13, how populated, 33; 132.

Broker, Nicolas, 265.

Bromyard, John of, 183.

Brooke, Stopford, 39, 72.

Browning, Robert, 342, and Preface.

Bruce, David, 115.

_Bruce_, the, 361.

_Brunanburh_, ode on, 46.

Brunne, _see_ Mannyng.

_Brut_ of Layamon, 219 ff.

Brutus the Trojan, 112, 114.

Bukton, 341.

Bunyan, 57, 216, 382.

Burgundy, Henry of, 107.

Burnellus, the ass, 178.

Burns, Robert, 510.

Burton, Thomas of, 266.

Bury, Richard of, 166 ff., 169, 175, 188, 202, 203.

Byrhtnoth, 47.

Byron, lord, 38, 139.

Caedmon, 45, 68, life and works, 70 ff.

Caesar, on Celts, 6, 7, 11, 18, on Germans, 23; 29, 222.

Cain, 475.

Callisthenes, pseudo, 128, 129.

Cambinscan, 325.

Cambrensis, _see_ Barry.

Cambridge, University of, 173 ff.

Canterbury, Gervase of, 202.

" Thomas of, 258.

_Canterbury Tales_, 245, 296, 313 ff., 373, 497, 499, 511.

Canynges, of Bristol, 515.

Capet, Hugues, 99.

Capgrave, 496, 522.

Caracalla, 19.

Carlyle, T., 87.

Carols, 349.

_Carpenter's Tools_, 230, 443.

Cartaphilus, 201.

_Castle of Love_, 214.

_Castle of Perseverance_, 491.

_Castoiement d'un pere a son fils_, 370, 447.

Cathedrals, Norman, 107 ff., 124, 162.

Catherine, life of St., 459, drama on St., 459 ff.

Cato on Gauls, 9.

_Causa Dei, De_, 194.

Caxton, 152, 342, 366, 372, 406, 515, 521, 522.

Ceadwalla, 63.

Celestinus, 185.

Cecile, St., _see_ Lyf of.

Celts, name, origin, literature, religion of the, 5 ff.; fate after the A.S. conquest, 29 ff., their ideal, 210, wit and genius, 300, 402, in Scotland, 503.

Cemeteries, dances in, 448 ff.

_Cento Novelle Antiche_, 325.

Cervantes, 97, 133, 141, 330.

Champeaux, Guillaume de, 170.

_Chanson de Roland_, 54 ff., 125 ff., 146, 156, 273.

Chansons, French, 142 ff., 148, sung in London, 355 ff.

Chantecleer, the cock, 149 ff., 325, 328 ff.

Chanteloup, Walter de, 444, 449.

Chantries, 378 ff.

Chap-books, 225, 506.

Chapelain, Andre le, 140.

Chapu, Guillaume, 120.

Chardry, 123.

Charisius, 9.

Charlemagne, 35, 61, 65 ff., 79, 99, 125; caricatured, 146 ff.; 156, 222, 441.

Charles the Bald, 63.

Charles V. of France, 171, 195, 259.

" VI. ", 456.

" V. of Germany, 101.

Charnay, Henri de, inquisitor, 159.

_Chastoiement des Dames_, 230.

_Chateau d'Amour_, 213.

Chaucer, Alice, 354.

" Geoffrey, his "somnour," 161; 182, 215, 218, 225, 232, 240, 244; life and works, Bk. iii. c. ii., 267 ff., his contemporaries, Bk. iii. c. iii., 344 ff.; 369; compared with Langland, 372 ff, 388 ff., 392, 402; 379, 382, 422; on miracle plays, 461, 469, 478, 490; successors and imitators, Bk. iii. c. vii., 495 ff.

Chaucer, John, 268.

" Philippa, 272.

" Thomas, 273, 354.

"Chaucer Society," 343.

Cheldric, 221.

Cheriton, Odo de, 178.

_Chester Plays_, 465 ff., their end, 492.

Chester, Randolf, earl of, 359.

Chestre, Thomas, 230.

"Chests," at the University, 175.

Chettle, 332.

_Chevy Chase_, 512.

_Chienne qui pleure_, 154, 184, 225 ff., 447 ff.

Child, Prof., on ballads, 353.

Chimneys, 262.

Chlochilaicus, 50.

_Christ_, 72, 75.

Christianity, in Roman England, 18, in Anglo-Saxon England, 30, 57, 60 ff.

Christmas, how celebrated, 450 ff., plays, 457 ff.

Chronicles, Anglo-Norman, 113 ff., 121, Latin, 166 ff., 197 ff., in the XVth century, 496 ff.

Chrysococces, 523.

Chrysoloras, 523.

Church, the English, 157 ff., Wyclif on, 423 ff., 430 ff., decaying in the XVth century, 497.

Cicero, 168, 498.

Cirencester, Richard of, 202.

_Claris Mulieribus, De_, 294.

Clarissa Harlowe, 333, 484.

Classic influences and models, 166, 374.

Claudian, 295, 297.

Claudius the emperor, 18, 19.

"Clavilegno," 330.

_Cleges_, 226.

_Cleomades_, 325.

Cleopatra, on the stage, 129.

Clerc, Guillaume le, 123, 483.

Clerk of Oxford, Chaucer's, 314, 325, 332 ff.

Clerks, slothful, 167 ff., at the University, 169 ff., belong to the Latin country, 176 ff.

Clovis, 26, a Romanised barbarian, 34, 50, 99.

Cnut the Dane, 93, 112, 113.

Coal mines, 255.

Cobham, Thomas de, 175.

Cobsam, Adam de, 496.

Cochin, H., on Boccaccio, 288.

_Codex Exoniensis_, 45.

_Codex Vercellensis_, 45.

Coenewulf, 66.

Coggeshall, Radulphus de, 195, 202.

Coinci, Gautier de, 325.

Coins, Anglo-Saxon, 79.

_Cokaygne_, 226.

_Cokwolds' Dance_, 226.

Coleridge, S. T., 42.

Colgrim, 220.

Colonna, Gui de, 299.

Columba, St., 63.

Comedy, scenes of, 484 ff.

Comestor, Pierre, 215, 409.

Cominges, Count de, 202.

Commines, 250, 255.

Commons, of England, 250 ff., 266, Langland on the, 389 ff.

_Complaint of Anelida_, 292, 294, _of a Lover's Life_, 279, _unto Pite_, 272, 279, _of the Plowman_, 401, _of Venus_, 275, 341.

Communism, Wyclif on, 430 ff.

_Comus_, 456.

Conchobar, 11 ff.

Conde, Baudouin de, 445.

" Jean de, 444.

_Confessio Amantis_, 365, 366, 369 ff.

"Confreres de la Passion," 480, 493.

Conquest, Norman-French, Bk. ii., 95 ff., silence after the, 204 ff.

Constance, Chaucer's Story of, 325, 331, 335.

_Constant du Hamel_, 496.

Constantius Chlorus, 19.

Constantine the Great, 20.

Constantine XII., 524.

Constantinople, taken by the Turks, 524.

_Conte des Hiraus_, 445.

Corbichon, Jean, translates Bartholomew the Englishman, 195, 225.

Cook, Captain, 7.

Cookery, 263 ff., 516.

Cordier, H., on Mandeville, 407, 409.

Corneille, Pierre, 156, 471.

Cornelius Gallus, 33.

Cornelius, Nepos, 176, 191.

Cornish drama, 466.

Cornwall, Celtic, 32, 132.

Corpus Christi plays, 459.

_Corpus Poeticum Boreale_, 40 ff.

Cotton, Bartholomew de, 202.

Cotton, John, a painter, 258.

Councils, on the drama, 440 ff., 449.

_Coupe Enchantee_, 226.

Court, amusements at, 441 ff., fool, 441 ff., dramas, 476, poetry, 353 ff., 366 ff.

_Court of Love_, 279, 497, 512.

Courtenay, embroiderer, 264.

Courtenay, bishop of London, 426.

Courtesy, books of, 515 ff.

Courtin, Honore, ambassador, 255.

_Coventry Mysteries_ and _pageants_, 465 ff.

Cowper, William, 57.

Coxe, Brinton, on Bracton, 196.

Credon, Sir Richard, 275.

Cressida, 301 ff., _see_ Troilus.

_Croniques de London_, 119, 242.

Cuchulainn, 11 ff.

_Cursor Mundi_, 215 ff., 222, 225, 260.

Cuthberht, 64, 67, 68.

Cuthwine, 67.

Cycles of France, Rome and Britain, 125 ff.

Cynewulf, 39, 70, works and genius of, 72 ff., 92.

Daisy, praise of the, 275 ff.

Dalila, 372.

_Dame Siriz_, 225 ff.

Danes, place names recalling them, 80; 120.

Dante, 118, 128, 154, 169, 186, 206, 288, 290, 294 ff., 325 ff., 330, 393.

Dares the Phrygian, 128 ff., 134, 297, 299.

David, King, 272.

Davidson, Ch., on Mysteries, 466.

Davy Adam, 360.

Deadly Sins, in Langland, 386.

Death, Celts' idea of, 7 ff., Greeks', 7 ff., Frenchmen's, 57 ff., Anglo-Saxons', 56 ff., 74, Rolle of Hampole's, 218, Black Prince's, 353; an occasion for jokes, 449, on the stage, 490, 491.

_Debat des Herauts de France et d'Angleterre_, 517.

_Decameron_, 287, 320 ff., 325.

Defoe, 162, 224, 407.

_Degrevant_, 347.

Deguileville, 275, 498, 500.

Dekker, 332.

Delisle, Leopold, on Bartholomew the Englishman, 195.

Des Champs, Eustache, 257, 275, on Chaucer, 278, on diplomatic service, 282; 289, 340, 360.

_Deor_, 38, 59.

_Departed Soul's Address_, 75.

Derdriu, 15 ff.

Dermot, 121.

Despencer, Henry le, bishop of Norwich, 164.

Devil, described by AElfric, 90, and St. Dunstan, 209, tempts Rolle of Hampole, 217, on the stage, 471, 475.

Dialect, of Chaucer, 338 ff., of Langland, 401, Scotch, 503.

Dialogues, in Celtic Literature, 13 ff., in Anglo-Saxon, 75, in Latin, 187, 191, in _Troilus_, 303; 442 ff., after dinner, 444, in interludes, 446 ff., in pageants, 454 ff., in Mysteries, 477 ff., in _Roman de la Rose_, 490.

_Dialogus de Scaccario_, 196.

Diceto, Radulph de, 202.

Dictys of Crete, 128 ff.

Diderot, 328.

Dido (in Chaucer), 295.

Dietrich, 72.

_Digby Mysteries_, 466 ff.

Diodorus Siculus, 101.

"Dirige," 379.

_Disobedient Child_, 491.

"Disputoisons" or Debates, 144, 230, 441 ff.

_Dissuasio Valerii ad Rufinum_, 191.

"Doctors," 193 ff.

Dogmas, attacked by Wyclif, 425, 435 ff.

Domesday Book, 100, 104 ff., 158.

Dominicans, 159 ff.

"Dominium" Fitzralph and Wyclif on, 429.

Domitius Afer, 33.

Donatus, 175.

_Dormi Secure_, 354.

Douglas, Gavin, 510.

"Dowel, Dobet, Dobest," 375 ff., 387, 395, 400.

Dragons and monsters, 50, 55 ff.

Drama, Bk. iii. c. vi., 439 ff.; civil 439 ff., religious, 456 ff.

Dramatic genius of the Celts, 13.

Dreams, Chaucer and Addison on, 296, Davy's, 367, Gower's, 368, poets', 497.

Dresemius, S., 117.

Druids, 9 ff.

Dryden, 343.

_Duchesse_, _see_ Book of.

Dujon, _see_ Junius.

Dunbar, 372, 503, 507, life and works, 510, 513.

Dunstable, play at, 460.

Dunstan, St., 88 ff., 209, 210, 217.

Durham, Simeon of, 202.

" William of, 175.

Duries, J., a scribe, 195.

_Duties of a Parish Priest_, 496.

Eadgar child, 103.

Eadmer, 198.

_Eadwine's Canterbury Psalter_, 76.

Eadwine, earl, 103.

Ealdred, archbishop of York, 103.

Ealwhine (Alcuin), 65.

Earle, on A.S. Literature, 39, on _Beowulf_, 48, on A.S. Chronicle, 87.

Easter, origin of the name, 62, drama, 457 ff.

Ecgberht, 68.

Ecgferth, 87.

_Ecole des Maris_, 324.

_Edda_, 40 ff.

Edgar, king, 87, 88 ff.

Edgeworth, Miss, 332.

Edmund, St., 113, 209.

Edrisi, 129.

Eduini, king, 57.

Edward, king, the confessor, 97, 111, life of, in French, 123; 208.

Edward I., 250, 270, 421, 443, 506.

" II., 108, 163, 194, 236, 253, 259, 260, 360, 384, 452.

Edward III., 232, 235, 247, 249, 256, 264, 266, 272, 284, 360 ff., 406, 415, 495.

Edward IV., 513 ff.

Eginhard, 24, 46.

_Eglamour_, 347.

Ekkehard, 48.

_Elene_, 72 ff.

Elizabeth, queen, 372.

" wife of Lionel son of Edward III., 270.

Eloi, St., 209.

_Eneas_, 130.

England, first inhabitants of, 3 ff., between northern and southern civilisations, 97 ff., described by Robert of Gloucester, 122, "merry," 225, 232, 260, 267, 345, to the English, Bk. iii., 232 ff., trade and navy of, 255 ff., Chaucer's, 314 ff., threatening and threatened, 360, 363, Langland's, 374 ff., 389, parliamentary, 413 ff.

"Englescherie," presentment of, 235.

English, literature, under Norman and Angevin kings, 204 ff., revived, 216; use of, by upper classes, 219 ff., authors adopt French tastes, 219 ff., fusion of, with French, 235 ff., people, how formed, 247 ff., Chaucer's, 337, Gower's, 369, used in Parliament, 421 ff., Wyclif's, 432, dramas, 460 ff., spoken in Scotland, 503, pride, 518.

Enoch, 227, 475.

Eostra, the goddess, 62.

_Epinal Glossary_, 45.

Erceldoune, Thomas of, his prophecies, 141.

_Estorie des Engles_, 113 ff.

"Estrifs," 230, 443, _see_ Disputoisons.

_Eulogium Historiarum_, 197.

Euphuism, 38.

Eutrope, 120.

_Everyman_, 491.

"Exempla," 153 ff., 182 ff.

Exeter, Joseph of, 37, 176 ff., 181, 191.

Eyck, van, 352.

Eyrum, Robert de, 176.

Fables, Latin, 178, by Lydgate, 498, by Henryson, 508 ff.

"Fabliaux," French, 118, 152 ff., Latin, 183, 184, English, 225 ff., 325, 442 ff., turned into dramas, 447, of the XVth century, 496, 498.

Fahlbeck, on Geatas, 51.

_Falle of Princes_, 498 ff.

Fals Semblant, 397 ff., 490.

Falstofe, Sir J., 262.

_Fame_, see _Hous of_.

Fantosme, Jordan, 118.

_Fasciculi Zizaniorum_, 425, 428, 431, 435.

Fashions, 265, ridiculed, 358.

_Fates of the Apostles_, 72.

_Ferumbras_, 223.

Fielding, H., 224, 336, 517.

Figaro, 151, 229.

"File," 11.

_Filocopo_, 325.

_Filostrato_, 294, 299 ff.

_Finsburg_, song on the battle of, 47.

Fitzosbern, William, 103.

Fitzralph, Richard, 427, 429 ff.

Fitzstephen, 202, 460.

Fitzwarin, Fulke, 224.

_Fleta_, 197.

_Floire and Blanchefleur_, 142, 229.

Florence, mediaeval, 286 ff., plague at, 320.

_Flower and Leaf_, 497, 512.

Foix, Gaston Phebus de, 273 ff.

Foliot, Gilbert, 165.

Fontevrault, royal tombs at, 109.

Fools, feast of, 452.

_Forme of Cury_, 263.

Fortescue, Sir John, 518.

Fouquet, Jean, picture by, 470 ff.

_Four Elements_, 491.

_Four Sons of Aymon_, 223.

Fournival, Richard de, 123.

Fournivall, lord, 502.

Fox, George, 216.

_Fox and Wolf_, 228 ff., 443.

Fozlan, Ahmed Ibn, 27.

Fragonard, 455.

France, first inhabitants of, 3 ff., a home for fabliaux, 155; satirised, 360, _see_ French.

France, Marie de, _see_ Marie.

_Franciade_, 114, 339.

Francis, St., of Assisi, 159, 429.

Francis, St., of Sales, 211.

Francis I., King of France, 101, 253.

Franciscans, 159 ff., 165.

Francus the Trojan, 114.

Franklin, Chaucer's, 314, 325, 390 ff.

Franks, 22, 23, 25, 27, in _Beowulf_, 49, 53, loved by Christ, 147.

Freeman, Prof., 28.

French, invasion, Bk. ii., 95 ff., followers of William, 100, families and manners, 109, literature under Norman and Angevin kings, Bk. ii. c. ii., 116 ff.; language, in general use, 118 ff., at Court and in Parliament, 119, 420 ff., character, 126 ff., ideal, 155 ff., taught at the University, 175, not known by the "lowe men," 205; used by English authors, 213 ff., 219 ff.; fusion of the, with the English, Bk. iii. c. i., 235 ff., in the courts of law, 238 ff., at Oxford, 239, disuse of, 239 ff., in diplomatic relations, 240 ff., survival of, 242 ff., Chaucer studies, 273, spoken by Richard II. and Gaston de Foix, 274, words in Chaucer, 337 ff., used by the Black Prince, 353 ff., songs, 355, Gower's, 364, 366 ff., Langland's 377, 400, Mandeville in, 408, not used by Christ, 434, of kings in Mysteries, 480.

Friar, Chaucer's, 323, 325, 327 ff., Diderot's, 328, derided, 358, Langland's, 384, 429 ff., 435.

Friday, "chidden," 285, 329.

"Friend of God of the Oberland," 403.

Frisians, 22, 27, in _Beowulf_, 53; 65.

Fritzsche, on _Andreas_, 39.

Froissart, 127, 239, 255, 260, 261, 271, 273 ff., 301, compared with Chaucer, 317 ff.; 340, 404 ff., 455.

Furnivall, F. J., founder of the Early English Text Society, Chaucer, and Wyclif Society, &c., on Chaucer's tales, 324 ff.

Gaddesden, John of, 194.

Gaddi, Taddeo, 286.

Gaillard, Claude, 253.

Gaimar, 113 ff., 121, 223.

Galen, 178, 315.

Galois, Jean le, 226.

_Gamelyn_, tale of, 324.

Games, 414, 439 ff., 444.

Gascoigne, the theologian, 451.

Gaunt, John of, Duke of Lancaster, 272, 280 ff., 312, 406, 423, 426.

_Gauvain_, 141, 259.

_Gawayne and the Green Knight_, 223, 348 ff.

Gaytrige, John, 206.

Gaza, Theodore, 524.

Geatas, 51 ff.

_Genesis and Exodus_ in English, 207.

"Genius," 371.

Genseric, 26.

Geoffrey, abbot of St. Albans, his play, 459 ff.

Geoffrey the grammarian, 517.

Gerald, _see_ Barry.

Gerda, 42.

Gering, H., on Gretti, 49.

Germans, origin, manners, religion, war-songs of the, 21 ff., compared with the Celts, 240 ff.

Gerson, 278.

_Gesta Regum Anglorum_, 199.

_Gesta Romanorum_, 182, 183, 185 ff., 496, 501.

Gibbon, 122.

Gildas, 67, 132.

Gilds, perform religious plays, 465.

Giotto, 206 ff., 284, 286 ff., 294.

Giraldus Cambrensis, _see_ Barry.

Gladstone, W. E., on University life, 173.

Glanville, Ralph, 196.

Glascurion, 338.

"Globe," the, 268.

Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, 152, 176, 264.

Gloucester, Robert of, 116 ff., 119, 122, 221, 243, 404.

Gloucester, Thomas, Duke of, 277, 312, 365.

Goethe, 97.

Grosseteste, Robert, 118, 123, 160, 165, 205, 213 ff., 452.

Goldborough, 223.

Golias, 192.

Gollancz, 3, 39, 70, 75.

_Gombert_, 156, 324.

Gospels, copied by Anglo-Saxons, 65, in A.S., 88, in French, 123.

Gower, John, 119, 242, 257, 279, 285, 299, 325, 341, 354, life and works, 364 ff., compared with Langland, 373 ff., 502 ff., 510.

Gower, Sir Robert, 364.

Graal, quest of the, 141.

Graham, Sir Robert, 504.

Grammar, A.S. and English, 245.

Granson, O. de, 275.

"Graund Amoure," 347, 496.

Graystanes, Robert de, 166.

Greek classics, 523 ff.

Green, Mrs., on XVth century trade and navy, 514.

Gregory of Tours, 49.

Gregory the Great, St., 63; translated by Alfred, 81 ff.; 123, 153.

Gregory IX., 160, 449 ff., 463.

Grein's _Bibliothek_, 40, 79.

Grendel, 50 ff., 69.

Greteham, Robert of, 118, 123.

Gretti and Beowulf, 49.

Grignan, Madame de, 57.

Grim, of Grimsby, 223.

Grimbold, 81.

Grindecobbe, 405.

Griselda, 142, 289, 325, 331 ff., 459, 478.

Grosvenor, Sir Robert, 271.

Grueber (and Keary) on A.S. coins, 79.

Gudrun, Queen, 44.

Guesclin, Du, 115, 156.

Guinevere, Queen, 139 ff.

Guiron, lay of, 136.

Guiscard, Robert, 107.

_Gulliver_, 407.

Gunnar, 42 ff.

Gueterbock on Bracton, 196.

Guthrum, 80.

_Guy of Warwick_, 223 ff., 347, 500.

Hacon, King, 200.

Hadrian, 19.

Haigh, D. H., on _Beowulf_, 49.

Hales, Alexander of, 193.

" Thomas of, 211.

_Hali Meidenhad_, 206.

Hamlet, 57.

Hampole, Rolle of, 207, life and works, 216 ff.; 411.

_Handlyng Synne_, 214, 216.

Hardy, Sir T. D., on Matthew Paris, 200.

Hardyng, 497.

Harold, Godwinson, 97 ff., 198.

Harold Hardrada, 98 ff.

_Harrowing of Hell_, 443, 460.

Harry, Blind, the minstrel, 506 ff.

Hartley, Mrs., the actress, 129.

Hastings, battle of, Bk. ii. c. i., 97 ff.

Haughton, 332.

Haureau, on G. de Vinesauf, 180.

Hauteville, Jean de, 177.

_Havelok_, lay of, 222, 223.

Hawes, Stephen, 496, 513.

Hawkwood, Sir J., 257, 284.

Hebenhith, Thomas de, 262.

Hector of Troy, 305.

Helen of Troy, 210.

_Heliand_, 71.

Hell, painted by Giotto, 206, represented at Torcello, 207, described, 210, besieged, 388, in Mysteries, 475, painted at Stratford-on-Avon, 494.

Helwis, 448.

Hemingburgh, Walter of, 201.

Hengest, 62, 112, 220.

Hengham, Judge, 238.

Henry I., Beauclerc, 176.

Henry II. of England, 106, 108, 109, 111, 112, 133, 156, 165, 176, 190, 198, 319.

Henry III., 107 ff., 112, 200, 201, 262, 417, 441, 454.

Henry IV., 236, 240, 342, 365, 421.

Henry V., 500.

Henry VII., 202, 504, 511, 513.

Henry VIII., 242, 342, 436.

Henryson, 497, 507 ff., 513.

Henslowe, Philip, 332.

Hereford, Nicolas de, 433.

Hereward, 224.

_Hermit who got drunk_, 183.

Herod, King, 326, 461, 469, 473, 479, 480 ff.

Herrtage, on _Gesta Romanorum_, 183.

Hervieux, on fabulists, 178.

Heyroun, Thomas, 268.

Heywood, Thomas, 500.

Higden, Ralph, 201, 236, 240, 258, 406.

Higelac (in _Beowulf_), 50 ff.

Hilary, his Latin plays, 460.

Hilda, abbess of Streonshalch, 63, 70.

Hildgund, 48.

Hincmar, of Reims, 63.

Hippocrates, 315.

_Hirdboc_, 81.

_Historia Anglorum_, 199.

_Historia ecclesiastica_ of Bede, 67 ff., of Orderic Vital, 198.

_Historia Novorum_, 198.

_Historia Regum Britannia_, 133 ff.

Histrions, 440 ff.

Hniflungs (Niblungs), 43.

Hoccleve, 341, 342, 496, 498, life and works, 501.

Hohlfield, on Mysteries, 466.

Holinshed, 114.

Holkot, Robert, 167.

Holy-Church, in Langland, 380.

Holy-Grail, 223.

Homer, 8, 127 ff., 293, 297, 299, 523.

Homilies, English, 206.

Honecourt, Villard de, 200.

Hood, Robin, 224, 359, 456.

Horace, on Gauls, 7; 177, 180.

_Horn_, 223.

Horsa, 62, 112.

Horstmann, on Lives of Saints, 208.

Houghton, Adam, 415.

_Hous of Fame_, 279, 285, 291, 294 ff., 362, 497, 499.

Hoveden, Roger de, 162, 164, 202.

Hrothgar, in _Beowulf_, 50 ff.

Huebner, baron de, 58.

Hugh, St., bishop of Lincoln, 165.

Hugo, Victor, 3.

Hugolino, 325, 330.

Hugon, of Constantinople, 146.

Humour, Chaucer's, 317 ff., Wyclif's, 434 ff., Pecock's, 520.

Hundred Years' War, 202.

Hungerford, Sir Thomas, 251.

Huntingdon, Henry de, 132, 133, 166, 177, 199 ff.

Huntingdon, earl of, 284.

_Huon de Burdeux_, 223.

Hus, John, 438.

Iceland, its literature, 40 ff.

_Image du Monde_, 120.

_Inferno_, 118.

Ingelend, 491.

Innocent III., 170, 449, 450, 463.

Innocent IV., 173.

Innocents, feast of, 452.

Invasions, Germanic, Bk. i. c. ii., 21 ff., Scandinavian, 22 ff., Frankish, 25, 33, Anglo-Saxon, 28 ff., Danish, 79 ff., French, Bk. ii., 95 ff.

_Ipomedon_, 130.

Ireland, its literature, 10 ff., monks from, 63; 518.

Irish language and literature, 10 ff., at the University, 173 ff.

Iscanus, 176.

Iseult, 211, _see_ Tristan.

_Isle of Ladies_, 279, 497.

_Isumbras_, 347.

Italy, models from, copied by Chaucer, 291 ff., travels in, 283 ff., early Renaissance in, 285 ff.

Itineraries, 517.

_Ivain_, 141.

Jacquerie, 271.

_Jacques le Fataliste_, 328.

James, St., 393.

James I. of Scotland, 372, 503 ff.

" IV. " 510, 511.

Jarrow, monastery of, 66.

Jerome, St., 26, 191, 241.

Jessopp, Dr., on Matthew Paris, 200.

Jew, Wandering, 201.

Jews, saved, 399, 420, 485.

John the Baptist, St., 455.

John, King, Lackland, 108, 157, 441.

John, King of France, 115, 254.

John, the Saxon, 81.

Johnson, Dr., 57.

Joinville, 404.

_Jonathan Wild_, 336.

Jonathas, the Jew, 485.

Jones, Inigo, 476.

Jongleur, d'Ely, 442.

Jonson, Ben, 456, 522.

Joseph and Mary, 479, 484, as a workman, 485.

Joseph of Arimathea, 144, 223.

Judas, 398.

_Judith_, 39, 45, 71.

Jugglers, 439 ff.

Julian the Apostate, 471.

_Juliana_, 72.

Julleville, Petit de, on Mysteries, 457 ff.

Junius (F. Dujon), 71.

Jurists, 196 ff.

Justinian, 26, 50, 120, 250.

Jutes, 27 ff., 51.

Kaines, Ralph de, 211.

Kaluza, on _Romaunt of the Rose_, 278.

Keary, C. F., on Vikings, 44, on coins, 79, on Danish place-names, 80.

Kellawe, Richard de, 176.

Kenelm, St., 208.

Kent, Eustache or Thomas of, 130.

Kent, John, 290.

"King and Queen," Game of the, 444.

_King Horn_, 223.

_King's Quhair_, 505 ff.

Kings, Wyclif on, 432.

Kitredge, on _Troilus_.

Kitsun, 522.

Knight, Chaucer's, 314, 321, 324, 330, 504.

Knighton, on Wyclif, 436.

Knights, in Langland, 399.

Knyvet, John, 416, 417.

Koch, on Chaucer, 291.

Koelbing, on romances, 223.

La Calprenede, 300.

Lactantius, 77.

La Fontaine, 58, 179, 183, 226, 296, 298, 324, 325, 508.

_Lai de l'Oiselet_, 142.

_Lai du Cor_, 225.

Lamartine, 17.

_Lament for the Makaris_, 510.

Lancaster, Blanche, duchess of, 280 ff.

Lancaster, Henry of, 236, 240, _see_ Henry IV.

Lancaster, _see_ Gaunt.

Lancaster, Isabella of, 259.

Lancelot of the Lake, 139 ff., 192, 480.

Landscapes, in Anglo-Saxon literature, 55, 58 ff., 69 ff., 71 ff., 74, 92; in _Renart_, 152, in Chaucer, 281, 298, Scotch, 363, 508 ff., Shakespeare's, 473.

Lanfranc, 165, 193.

Lang, Andrew, on Aucassin, 237.

Lange, C., on Easter, 458.

Langland, William, 37, 240, 262, 345, 355, 359, life and works, Bk. iii. c. iv., 373 ff.; 422, 436, 441.

Langlois, on _Roman de la Rose_, 276.

Langtoft, Peter de, 118, 122, 214.

Langton, Stephen, 145, 165, 169.

Lapidaire, 123.

Latimer, Hugh, 436.

Latin, in Roman Britain, 20, in A.S. Britain, 65 ff., in France, 78, in England after the Conquest, Bk. ii. c. iii., 157 ff., used by summoners, 161, poems, 176 ff., fables, 178, romances and tales, 182 ff., treatises 188 ff., chronicles 197 ff., despatches, 241, models of Chaucer, 291 ff., Gower's, 367 ff., Langland's, 377, survival of, 405, chroniclers, 405 ff.; Wyclifs, 427 ff.; 434; dramas, 457 ff., 460, 481.

Latini, Brunetto, 118, 241.

Latymer, impeached, 253.

Lauchert, on _Physiologus_, 76.

"Laudabiliter," bull, 110.

_Launfal_, 230.

Lavoix, H., on mediaeval music, 345.

Laws, Welsh, 9, A.S., 78, Roman, Anglo-Norman and English, 196.

Lay, of Guiron, 222, of Havelok, 222.

Layamon, 219 ff., 243, 245, 247.

Lazarillo de Tormes, 184.

Leechdoms, A.S., 79.

_Legende of Good Women_, 279, 294, 343.

_Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae, De_, 196.

Leo IV., Pope, 79.

Leovenath, 219.

Letters of the Paston family, 516.

Leven, Hugues of, 265.

Lewis, son of Chaucer, 341.

Lewis, John, on Wyclif, 423.

_Lex Salica_, 78.

_Libelle of Englyshe Polycye_, 517 ff.

_Liber Festivalis_, 208.

Libraries, 166 ff., 175, 524.

Lincoln cathedral, 162.

Lindbergh, John of, 215.

Lindner on _Romaunt of the Rose_, 278.

Lionne, Hugues de, 255.

L'Isle, Alain de, 177.

Lison, Richard de, 147.

"Littus Saxonicum," 27, 30.

Lives of Saints, in A.S., 76, by AElfric, 91, in French, 121 ff., in English, 203, 303, by Lydgate, 500.

Lodbrok, Ragnar, 58.

Logeman, on A.S. reliquary, 73.

Logic, taught in the Universities, 171.

Loki, 44, 55.

Lollards, 359, 437 ff.

"Lollius," 289.

Lombards, 22, 23, 25, 26, 114.

London, mediaeval, 268 ff., Chaucer's life in, 289 ff., pageants in, 453 ff., Mysteries, 460.

_London Lickpeny_, 498.

Lonelich, 223.

Longchamp, William de, 162 ff., 178, 261.

Lorens, friar, 214, 215, 325.

Lorenzetti, Ambrogio, 287.

Lorris, Guillaume de, 276 ff., 293.

Loserth, on Hus, 438.

Lot, J., 11.

Louis VII. of France, 164.

Louis IX. " 110, 201.

Louis XI. " 519.

Louis XIV. " 203, 241, 493.

Lounsbury, on Chaucer, 343.

Love, in Irish literature, 15 ff., in Scandinavian literature, 42, in _Tristan_, 137 ff., in Arthurian poems, 139 ff., as a ceremonial, 140, in chansons, 143 ff., in Latin tales, 185 ff., in English songs, 230, poems by Chaucer, 272 ff., 279, by Froissart, 274 ff., in _Roman de la Rose_, 276 ff., in Boccaccio, 299, 321, in Chaucer's _Troilus_, 301 ff., in _Gawayne_, 349, songs, 354, in Gower, 366 ff., 370 ff., in Langland, 388, 399, in the early drama, 447, in _Mary Magdalene_, 483 ff., "king of," 505, in _King's Quhair_, 505 ff., written about in prose, 522.

"Lowe men," their English, 204 ff., and their French, 236 ff.

Lowell, on Chaucer, 343.

Lucanus, on Druids, 8; 114, 293, 297.

_Lumiere des laiques_, 120.

Lutterworth, 423, 426.

Lydgate, 303, 341, 354, 496, life and works, 498 ff.; 502, 513, 515.

_Lyf of Seinte Cecile_, 291, 294, 325, 331.

_Mabinogion_, 9, 17.

Macaulay, 122.

_Mac Datho's Pig_, 13.

Machault, 275, 325.

Machinery, stage, 474 ff.

Macpherson, 16.

Mael Duin, 12.

_Magnyfycence_, 491.

Mahomet, 472, 483.

Mahomet II., 524.

Maidstone, Richard of, 207, 454 ff.

Maldon, battle of, 47.

_Male regle de T. Hoccleve_, 502.

Malmesbury, William of, 64, 100 ff., 107, on Arthurian legends, 131 ff., 166, 199.

Malmesbury, Monk of, 197.

Malory, Sir Thomas, 521, 522.

Malvern, 375 ff., 382 ff., 394.

Mandeville, Sir John, 403, 406 ff.

_Maniere de Langage_, 241.

_Mantel Mautaille_, 226.

Mannyng, Robert, of Brunne, 214, 216, 243, 462.

_Manuel des Pechiez_, 213, 216, 463 ff.

Manuscripts, A.S., 45, purchased for the king, 259, rich, 274, 303, of the _Roman de la Rose_, 277, of Chaucer, 338, of _Gawayne_, 351.

Map, Walter, 188, life and works, 190 ff.

Marcel, Etienne, 271.

Marcol, 76.

Mare, Peter de la, 419, Thomas de la, 419.

Marechal, William le, 121.

Margaret, queen of Scotland, 511.

Marguerite, la, poems on, 275.

Marie de France, 142 ff., 229, 325.

Marisco, Adam de, 193, 211.

Marivaux, 318.

Marlowe, 75.

Marseilles, king of, 430 ff.

Martin, St., of Tours, 99, 102, 110.

Mary, _see_ Virgin.

Mary Magdalen, St., 452.

_Mary Magdalene_, a drama, 475, 483 ff., 490.

"Masks," 456.

Mass, caricatured, 445.

Massinger, 496.

Matthew, F. D., on Wyclif, 422, 432.

Matthew, _see_ Paris.

Maupassant, Gui de, 189.

Maximinus, emperor, 459.

May plays, 456.

May songs, 230.

Measure, sense of, 331 ff., 479.

Medicine, 194.

Medwall, 491.

Meed, Lady, 383 ff., 397.

_Melibeus_, tale of, 325, 331, 332, 490.

_Menagier de Paris_, 332.

_Merchant of Venice_, Latin sketch of, 185 ff.

Merchants, English, their wealth, 256, fond of art, 258 ff., Chaucer's, 318, 325, fond of songs, 355 ff., Gower's, 369, Langland's, 383 ff., 400, of London, 424, at the play, 463.

Merimee, 199.

Merlin, 134, 141.

Merovingians, in _Beowulf_, 53.

_Metalogicus_, 188 ff.

Meun, Jean de, 177, 276 ff.

Meyer, Kuno, 4.

Meyer, Paul, on Alexander the Great, 128, on _Brut_, 219.

Miller, Chaucer's, 321, 322, 324, 326, 335, 478.

Milton, 71, 72, 245, 456.

Mimes, 440 ff.

Miniatures, A.S., 45; 184, attributed to Matthew Paris, 201 ff.; 227, 259, 277, 303, 341, 351, 371, by Fouquet, 470 ff.; in the MS. of the Valenciennes Passion, 470; 503.

Minot, Laurence, 360 ff.

Minstrels, 221, 345 ff., in Langland, 382; 439 ff., high and low, 445 ff.

Miracle plays, 459.

_Miracles de Notre Dame_, 489.

_Miraclis pleyinge_, treatise on, 461 ff., 468.

_Mireio_, 144.

Mirk, 496.

_Miroir de Justice_, 239.

Minstral, 144.

Moktader, Caliph Al, 27.

Moliere, 229, 302, 404, 443, 472, 493.

Monasteries, their wealth, 158; 179, literary work in, 197 ff., Wyclif on, 437.

Monk, Chaucer's, 315, 321, 325, 499.

Monmouth, Geoffrey of, 114, life and works, 132 ff., 182, 297.

Monsters, in A.S. literature, 50, 55 ff., 92.

Montaigne, 97, 323.

Monteflor, Paul de, 264.

Montesquieu, 255.

Montfort, Simon de, 193, 250.

_Moral Ode_, 206.

Moralities, 84, 489 ff.

Moravian Brethren, 438.

Morgan the fairy, 134, 350.

Morley, John, 343.

Morris, William, 41.

_Morte Arthure_, 223, 348, 521.

Moubray, John de, 238.

_Mous, uplandis_, 508 ff.

Mowbray, family of, 109.

Muentz, on Renaissance, 287.

Musset, Alfred de, 139, 141, 143, 302, 394, 496.

Mysteries, 326, 332, 459 ff., decay of, 489 ff., French, their end, 493.

Napier, on _Ormulum_, 206.

"Nature," her discourses, 177, 371.

_Nature_, an interlude, 491.

_Naturis Rerum, De_, 177, 178.

Navy, German and Scandinavian, 26 ff., Alfred's, 27, English, 256 ff., in the XVth century, 515, 517 ff.

Neckham, Alexander, 177.

Nennius, 114, 132.

Netlau, 11.

Netter, Thomas, 428.

Neville, impeached, 253.

Nevilles, family of the, 109.

Newbury, William of, 134, 202.

_Nibelungenlied_, 41, 48.

Niblungs, 41, 43.

Nicholas V., 524.

Nicholson, E. B., on Mandeville, 407.

Nithard, 78.

Noah, his ark, 201, his wife, 484 ff.

Norfolk, men of, 443.

Normans, of France, Bk. ii. c. i., 97 ff., their turn of mind, 182, 250.

Norsemen, 27.

Northgate, Michel of, 215.

_Nova Poetria_, 179 ff.

_Nugis Curialium, De_, 188 ff., 190 ff.

Nunant, Hugh de, 162 ff.

_Nut-brown Maid_, 512.

"Oblar," 11.

Ockham, 193, 194.

Octa, 220.

Octavian, 482.

Odo, Bishop, 103, 105.

Oedipus, 129.

Oesterley, on _Gesta Romanorum_, 182, 183.

Offa, 63, 68, 198.

Ogier, 147, 156.

Ohthere, travels of, 83 ff.

"Old English," 28.

Oliver (and Roland), 55, 99, 159.

"Ollam," 11.

Orcagna, 285.

Orleans, Charles d', 354.

Ormin, 206.

_Ormulum_, 206.

Orosius, 67, translated by Alfred, 82 ff.

Orpheus, history of, told by Alfred, 85 ff.; 338.

Osric, King, 87.

Ossa, 220.

Ossian, 16.

_Otia Imperialia_, 195.

Otuel, 223.

Ovid, 175, 276, 278, 293, 297, 325, 500.

_Owl and Nightingale_, 330, 443.

Oxenede, John of, 202.

Oxford, University of, 110, 173 ff., 248, and Wyclif, 423 ff., council of, 434, lollardry at, 437; bacchanals at, 449.

Pageants, 453 ff., 468 ff.

_Palace of Honour_, 510.

_Palladius on Husbondrie_, 516.

Palmieri, villa, 320.

Pamphilus, 175.

Pandarus, 302 ff.

Panurge, 151.

Pardoner, Chaucer's, 315, 323, 325; 435.

Parfait, the brothers, 470.

Paris, University of, 169 ff.

Paris, Alexander de, 130.

Paris, Gaston, 135, 141, 355.

Paris, Matthew, 62, 63, 109, 112, 114, 200 ff., 453, 459 ff.

_Parlement of Foules_, 294.

Parliament, churchmen in, 160, institution and authority of, 249 ff., "good," 246, 419; Chaucer in, 312, Langland on, 386, 390 ff., sittings and debates, 413 ff.

Parodies, 444 ff.

Parson, Chaucer's, 315, 319, 325, 335, 339, 355, Langland's, 359.

_Paston Letters_, 516 ff.

_Patient Grissil_, 332.

Patrick, St., 215.

Patroclus, 221.

Paul, St., 62, his vision, 92, 206, 215; 426, 472.

Paul, monk of Caen, 198.

Pauli, on Alfred the Great, 84.

_Pearl_, 351 ff.

Peasants, aspirations and revolt of, 359, 367 ff., 389, 405 ff., 412, reach heaven, 381, in the XVth century, 514.

_Pechiez_, _see_ Manuel.

Peckham, Pierre de, 120.

Pecock, Bishop, 520 ff.

Pedro the cruel, 325.

_Pelerinage de Charlemagne_, 146 ff.

Penthesilea, Queen, 129.

Pepin, 156.

Percival, 134, 141, 259.

Percy, Bishop, 353.

Percy, Lord Henry, 223, 516.

_Pericles_, 372.

Perrault, on Griselda, 332.

Perrers, Alice, 253, 264, 397, 415, 419.

Peter, St., 435.

Peterborough, pseudo Benedict of, 202.

_Petite Philosophie_, 120.

Petrarch, 166, 268, 285, 287 ff., meets Chaucer (?) 289, 333; 293, 294, 325, 332, 366, 523.

Petronius, 33.

Pharaoh, 480 ff.

Philip III., of France, 214.

Philip le Bel, " 193.

Philip VI., " 159, 360.

Philippa of Hainaut, Queen, 273.

Philippa Chaucer, 272 ff.

_Philobiblon_, 167 ff.

Philpot, John, 256, 284, 419.

_Phoenix_, 76 ff.

_Physiologus_, 76 ff.

_Piers Plowman_, 374 ff., 490.

Pilate, 461, 480 ff., his wife, 484.

Pilgrims, Canterbury, 313 ff., Langland's, 382 ff.

Pinte, the hen, 150.

Pisa, mediaeval, 286.

Pisa, Andrew of, 285, Nicholas of, 286, William of, 286.

Pisan, Christina de, 277, 501.

Pizzinghe, Jacopo, 288.

"Placebo," 379.

Plantagenet, Geoffrey, archbishop of York, 163 ff.

Players, 446 ff., 467 ff., 477.

Plays, Bk. iii. c. vi., 439 ff.

Plegmund, 81.

Pliny, 67, 408, 409.

_Plowman's Crede, Complaint_, &c., 401 ff.

Poggio, 293.

Poictiers, John of, 110, William of, 100, 104.

Pole, Michel de la, 312, William de la, 417.

_Policraticus_, 188 ff.

Poliziano, 293.

Polo, Marco, 408, 409.

Poole, R. Lane on Wyclif, 428 ff.

Pope, the, William blessed by, 99, and Norman kings, 110, gives Ireland to Henry II., 110, derided, 148, suzerainty of, over England, 157, appeals to, 158, and the University, 170, 173 ff., praised by Geoffrey of Vinesauf, 180, revenues of, drawn from England, 248, receives presents from Edward II., 259, has no peer, 263, Langland on, 391, Commons hostile to, 420, and Wyclif, 423 ff., on drama, 449 ff., and king, 432.

Pordenone, Odoric de, 409.

Porto, county of, 107.

Powell, York, 40.

"Praemunire," 248.

_Praise of Peace_, 370.

Prest, Godfrey, 265.

_Pricke of Conscience_, 216.

_Pride of Life_, 491.

"Priests, simple or poor," Wyclif's, 425 ff.

Priests at the play, 450 ff.; 463.

Prioress, Chaucer's, 316, 321, 325.

Priscian, 175.

Processions, 357, 449, 453 ff.

_Proprietatibus Rerum, De_, 195.

Prose, A.S., 78 ff., English, 211 ff., of Rolle of Hampole, 218, Chaucer's, 337, 411; XIVth century, Bk. iii. c. v., 403 ff., English, compared with French, 404 ff., Wyclif's, 432 ff., Sir John Fortescue's, 519 ff., Pecock's, 520, Malory's, 521, Caxton's, 521.

Prosody, English, after the Conquest, 205, 245, Chaucer's, 339, Lydgate's, 501, Hoccleve's, 501.

Prothesilaus, 130.

_Proverbs of Alfred_, 88.

Provins, Guiot de, 366.

"Provisors," 248.

Pryderi, 17.

Psalter, A.S., 45, 76, French, 123, English, 207, 496.

"Pui" of London, 355 ff., 452.

Puiset, Hugh de, 162 ff., 261.

_Punch_, 520.

_Purgatorio_, 294, 295.

Puritans, 57, 72, 389, 428, 437.

Purvey, J., 433.

Pytheas, 4, 5.

_Quenouille de Barberine_, 496.

Quinctilian, 167.

Quintus Curtius, 131.

Racine, Jean, 150.

Rabelais, 76, 91, 97, 172, 179, 193, 259, 440, 471, 492.

Reason, speech of, 385.

Recluse women, 211 ff.

Reformation, 402, 427, 428, 491, and the drama, 492 ff.

_Regimine Principum, De_, 501 ff.

_Regula Pastoralis_, 81.

Remi, bishop of Lincoln, 162.

Renaissance, early in Italy, 285 ff.; 346, 476, 510, 523 ff.

Renan, E., 210.

_Renart_, _see_ Roman de.

_Repressor_, Pecock's, 520.

_Resurrection_, Mystery of the, 466.

"Reverdies," 144.

"Rhyme Royal," 506.

Rhys on Celts, 11.

Rhys ap Theodor, 198.

Richard Coeur-de-Lion, 100, 106, 109, 163, praised by Geoffrey de Vinesauf, 180, 181; 329.

Richard II., 109, 247, 253, 264 ff., 274, 284, 367, 375, 390, 414, 416, 420 ff., 432, 452, 454 ff., 495.

Richard, bishop of London, 196.

Richard, canon of Holy Trinity, 180.

_Richard the Redeless_, 375, 382.

Richardson, Samuel, 224, 333.

Richenda, sister of W. de Longchamp, 163 ff.

Riddles, A.S. and Scandinavian, 72.

Rigaud, Eudes, 453.

Rishanger, William, 202.

_Robene and Makyne_, 507.

Robert the Devil, 98, 347.

_Robinson Crusoe_, 403, 407.

Rocamadour, 393.

Roet, Sir Payne, 273; Catherine, 373.

Rogers, Thorold, 514.

Roland, 54 ff., 99, 100, 126, 139, 147, 159, 222, 347, 442, see _Chanson de_.

Rollo, 99.

Rolle, _see_ Hampole.

Rolls, Master of the, Chronicles ed. under his direction, 202.

Roman, conquest of Britain, 18 ff.; remains, 33 ff.; law, 196.

_Roman de la Rose_, 213, 259, 273, 276 ff., English translation of, 278 ff., 280, 288; 291, 298, 325, 371, 490.

_Roman de Renart_, 132, 144, 147 ff., 183, 228, 325, 328.

_Roman de Rou_, 99, 101.

_Roman de Thebes_, 130.

_Roman de Troie_, 129 ff.

Romances, French, 126 ff., caricatured, 146, 149, 335; English, 219; read by Chaucer, 273.

Rome, sends monks to England, 60 ff., notion of Church and State, derived from, 60 ff., ties with, 157 ff.; 248, blamed, 366, religious life in, 378, Langland on, 391, encroachments of, 420; 432.

_Romulus_, 347.

Ronsard, 97, 114, 339.

Rood, A.S., dream of the, 39, legends of the, 215.

_Rose_, see _Roman de la_.

Rossetti, on _Troilus_, 299.

Rotelande, Hue de, 118, 130, 192.

Rothschild, Baron James de, on Mysteries, 474.

Round Table, 134, 330.

Rufinus, Map's friend, 191.

_Ruin_, 59.

Runes, 65, 72, 73.

Russell, John, 264.

Rutebeuf, 397.

Ruthwell cross, 73.

Rymenhild, 223.

Rysshetoun, Nicholas de, 241.

Sachs, Hans, 332.

_Sacrament_, play of the, 466, 485.

_Sad Shepherd_, 456.

Sagas, 40 ff.

St. Albans, "Scriptorium" of, 197; chronicles of, 198, 405 ff.; copies burnt, 460.

St. David's, 32, 198, 261.

_St. Josaphaz_, 123.

St. Paul's Cathedral, 269, 281, 379, 423, 455.

_Sainte Madeleine_, 484.

Sainte More, Benoit de, 108, 114, 121, 129, 177, 299, 404.

Saladin, 454, 456.

Salisbury, John of, 106, 110, on Paris University, 172 ff., life and works, 188 ff., on jugglers, 440, 471.

_Salomon and Saturnus_, 75, 443.

Sanxay, ruins at, 30.

Saracens, saved, 399; 420, 472.

Sarr, Ralph de, 110.

Sarradin, on Des Champs, 275.

Satan, in A.S. poems, 72.

Satires and satirical poems, French, 146 ff., Latin, 178 ff., English, 225 ff., 358, by Langland, 391 ff., 397 ff., by Dunbar, 510.

"Saturnalia," 450, 452.

Saxons, 22 ff., 25, 27.

Scandinavian Literature, 40 ff.

Schick, J., on Lydgate, 498, 501.

Schmidt, A., on Mary Magdalen, 483.

Sciences, among Anglo Saxons, 79, under Angevin kings, 193 ff.; 410 ff.

Scogan, 341.

Scot, Duns, 193.

Scotland, poets of, 362, 503 ff.

Scott, Sir Walter, 362.

"Scriptoria," 197.

Scroby, Allan, 452.

Scrope, Sir R., 271.

Scyld, 50.

_Seafarer_, 59.

_Secret des Secrets_, 120.

_Secretum Secretorum_, 500.

_Secunda Pastorum_, 486 ff.

_Sejanus_, 522.

Selred, King, 87.

Seneca, 278.

_Sentier batu_, 444.

Sergeant, L., on Wyclif, 422, 427.

Sergeant, Chaucer's, 318, 325.

Sermons, A.S., 88 ff., French, 123 ff., Latin, 146, with "exempla," 154, English, 205 ff., in Chaucer, 335, 354, in Langland, 387, by Wyclif, 434.

_Serpent of Division_, 499.

Severus, Emperor, 19.

Sevigne, Madame de, 242.

Shakespeare, 57, 93, 97, 134, 144, 244 ff., 269, 302, 338, 441, 458, 472 ff., 476 ff., 482, 484, 492, 494, 523.

Shareshull, William de, 416.

Shepherds, play of, 457, 483, 486 ff.

Sheridan, 517.

Shipman, Chaucer's, 314, 325.

Shoreham, William de, 207, 215.

Shows, 453 ff.

Sidney, Sir Philip, 279, 343, 473, 512.

Sidonius Apollinaris, 33.

_Siege d'Orleans_, a drama, 459.

Sienna, mediaeval, 287.

Sievers, E., on Caedmon, 71.

Sigfried, 42.

Simon, bishop of Ely, 421.

Simpson, W. S., on St. Paul's, 379.

_Siriz, Dame_, 447 ff.

Skeat, W. W., 243, 244, on Langland, 375, on _Testament of Love_, 522.

Skelton, 372, 491.

Skirni, 42.

Smith, Lucy Toulmin, on Mysteries, 466; 499.

Socrates, 193, 278.

Soderhjelm, on _Horn_, 223.

Solomon, King, 372, 380.

_Somme des Vices et des Vertus_, 214, 215, 325.

Songs, "Goliardois," 192; English, 230 ff., 349, at Christmas, 450 ff.; 512.

Sophocles, 476.

Sorel, Albert, 255.

Southwark, 269, 313, 326, 365.

Speaker, the, 251, 418, 419.

_Spectator_, 296.

_Speculum Charitatis_, 446.

_Speculum Meditantis_, 366.

_Speculum Stultorum_, 178 ff.

Speeches, in Parliament, 236, 242, 413 ff.

Spencer, H., _see_ Despencer.

Spenser, Edmund, 343.

Spont, on Chaucer, 284.

Squire, Chaucer's, 314, 325.

_Squyr of Lowe Degre_, 347.

_Stacions of Rome_, 517.

Stafford, earl of, 419.

Stage, the, Bk. iii. c. vi., 439 ff.

Stamford-bridge, 98.

State, Roman idea of, 60 ff., Wyclif on the rights of, 423 ff., 430 ff.

States General, in France, 254.

Statius, 128, 293, 297, 495.

Stephen, King, 106, 108, 133.

Sterne, 225.

Stilicho, 26.

Stoker, Whitley, 11.

Stonehenge, 4.

Stow, J., 460.

Strasbourg, Gotfrit of, 135 ff.

Stratford-at-Bow, French of, 240.

Strode, Ralph, 290, 299, 364.

Stuarts, 253, 362, 456, 503.

Stubbes, Philip, 346.

Stury, Sir Richard, 284, 377.

Sudbury, Simon, 415, 431.

Sudre, on _Renart_, 147.

Suffolk, Duke of, 256, 354.

Sully, Maurice de, 206.

Summoners or Somnours, 161, Chaucer's, 325.

Swalwe, John, 414.

Swedes, in _Beowulf_, 53.

Sweet, H., 37, 45.

_Swevenyng_, Book of, 243.

Swift, 225, 336, 407, 520.

Swinburne, 134, 136 ff.

Swithin, St., 209.

Swynford, Thomas, 241.

Tabard inn, 313 ff., 342, 365, 382.

Taborites, 438.

Tacitus, 7, 9, 12, 20 ff., 29, 31 ff., 36, 46, 66, 73.

Taillefer, at Hastings, 99.

Taine, II., 394, and Preface.

Talbot, J., earl of Shrewsbury, 497.

Tale, tales, moralised, 123, French, 152 ff., Latin, 182 ff., English, 225, of the Basyn, 226, of Beryn, 320, and short stories, 320 ff., of Gamelyn, 324, of Melibeus, 325, 331, 332, 490, by Gower, 370, told by histrions, 441, by Dunbar, 510.

Tapestries, 262.

_Tartufe_, 229.

_Temple of Glas_, 498 ff.

Ten Brink, 39, on Chaucer, 291.

Tennyson, 17, 47, 134, 244, 342 ff., and Preface.

Terence, 167.

_Teseide_, 294, 324.

Tesoroni, on Ceadwalla, 63.

_Testament of Cresseid_, 507.

_Testament of Love_, 279, 522.

Teutonic races, 22 ff.

Thaon, Philippe de, 123.

_Thebes_, Story of, 303, 497 ff.

Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, 196.

Theodebert, 50.

Theodore of Tarsus, 68.

Theodoric the Great, 26, 61, 84.

Theseus, duke of Athens, 330.

Thierri, king of Austrasia, 50.

Thomas, author of _Horn_, in French, 223.

Thomas, author of a _Tristan_, 134.

Thompson, Maunde, 45, 406, 428, 433.

_Thopas, Sir_, 325, 335, 340, 346.

Thor, 44, 62.

Thornton, Gilbert of, 197.

_Thornton Romances_, 347.

Thorpe, W., 416.

_Thre Lawes_, a comedy by John Bale, 491.

_Thrissil and the Rois_, 511.

_Thrush and Nightingale_, 230, 443.

Thurkill, 215.

Thurot, on the Paris University, 170 ff.

Thynne, F., 343.

Tiberius, 473.

Til Ulespiegel, 325.

Tilbury, Gervase of, 195.

Titus, 19, 106.

Torcello, mosaic at, 207.

Tort, Lambert le, 130.

Tour Landry, Kt. de la, 265, 516.

Tournaments, 109, 227, 260.

_Towneley Mysteries_, 466 ff.

Toynbee, on Mandeville, 407.

Trade, English, 256 ff., 514 ff., 517 ff.

Travels, by Englishmen, 257 ff., in France, Bohemia, Italy, 282 ff., of Mandeville, 403, 406 ff.

Treasures in Scandinavian literature, 43, in A.S. literature, 52 ff.

Trees, not to be cut, 266.

Trevisa, John of, 195, 201, 225, 240, 406.

_Triall of Treasure_, 491.

_Tristan and Iseult_, 134 ff., 211, 222, 273, 372.

Trivet, Nicholas, 202, 325.

Trogus Pompeius, 33.

_Troilus_ (and Cressida), 130, 293 ff., 298 ff., 339, 346, 364, 370, 372, 411, 454, 497, 500, 507, 512.

Trojans, ancestors of European nations, 111 ff.

_Trojan War_, 176.

Trokelowe, John de, 202.

_Troy Book_, 498 ff.

Troyes, Chrestien de, 140.

Tudors, 456, 490.

_Turnament of Totenham_, 227.

Tundal, 215.

Tunstall, Sir Marmaduke, 427.

Turks, besiege Constantinople, 524.

Turpin, archbishop, 126.

Tybert, the cat, 149 ff., 184, 510.

Uccello, Paolo, 257.

Ulysses, 500.

"Unam Sanctam," bull, 432.

University of Paris, 169 ff., of Oxford and Cambridge, 173 ff., 181 ff.

_Uplandis Mous_, 508.

Urban VI., 426.

Usener, on Boece, 85.

Usnech, 13.

_Utopia_, 387.

Vacarius, 196.

Valenciennes Passion, 470.

Valerius (_alias_ Map), 191.

Valkyrias, 42, 60, 223.

Vandals, 22, 23, 26.

Vandois, 438.

Venus, described by Chaucer, 292, by Gower, 365, 372, by James I., 506, _see_ Complaint.

Vercingetorix, 6.

Vespasian, 19.

"Vice," in Moralities, 491 ff.

_Vices et Vertus_, _see_ Somme.

_Vieil Testament_, Mystere du, 472 ff.

Vigfusson, G., 40.

Vigny, Alfred de, 156.

Vikings, 4, 44.

Villon, 366, 498, 510, 520.

Vinesauf, Geoffrey de, 179 ff., 329.

Virgil, 128, 167, 177, 186, 285, 293, 295, 299, 393, 495, 499, 510.

Virgin Mary, 123, 183, 184 ff., 215, 231, _see_ Joseph.

Visconti, Barnabo, 284, 325.

Visions, of St. Paul, Tundal, Thurkill, St. Patrick, 215, of Rolle of Hampole, 217, concerning Piers Plowman, 373 ff.

Vital, Orderic, 62, 100, 104, 198, 202.

Vitry, Jacques de, 154, 155, 409.

Vocabulary, 237 ff., after the Conquest, 243 ff., of Chaucer, 338, 367, of Langland, 400, in the XVth century, 517.

Voiture, 66.

Volsungs, 41.

Voltaire, 325.

_Volucraire_, 123.

_Vox and Wolf_, 152.

_Vox Clamantis_, 366 ff.

Wace, on Hastings, 99, 101; 114, 121, 134, 214, 215, 219 ff., 404.

Wadington, William of, 118, 123, 213, on drama, 463 ff.

_Waldhere_, 41, 47, 48.

Wales, partly conquered by William, 104, 105, described by Gerald de Barry, 188; _see_ Welsh.

Walhalla, 41, 60, 61.

Wall, of Hadrian, 18.

Wallace, William, 506.

Walsingham, Thomas, 200, 201, 359, 405 ff., 412 ff., on Wyclif, 424, 426, 427.

Walter, archdeacon of Oxford, 133.

Walter the Englishman, 177.

Walter, Hubert, 196.

Waltheof, 224.

Walworth, Sir William, 284.

Warner, G. F., on Mandeville, 406.

_Wanderer_, 59.

Wandering Jew, 201.

War-songs, Germanic, 46, A.S., 46 ff., 65.

Ward, H. L. D., on _Beowulf_, 49, on Map, 192.

Warwick, _see_ Guy.

Washbourn, Richard, 414.

Waterford, Geoffrey de, 120, 123.

Waurin Jean de, 122.

Weber, H. W., on Romances, 223.

Wedmore, peace of, 80.

"Wednesday," 62.

_Weeping Bitch_, 154, 184, 447 ff., 484.

Weland, 49.

Welsh language, 5, laws, 9, literature, 17, 47, legends on Arthur, 131, traditions, 210.

Wendover, Roger de, 200 ff.

Werferth, bishop of Worcester, 83, 86.

Wesley, 216, 438.

Westminster Abbey, 342.

Wey, William, 517.

Whitsuntide plays, 459.

Whittington, Richard, 256.

_Widsith_, 38.

Wife of Bath, 191, 316, 318, 324, 325, 370, 461, 462.

_Wife's Complaint_, 59.

Wilfrith, St., 64, 66.

William the Conqueror, 98 ff., 110, 111, 116, 157, 198, 247.

William Rufus, 158, 414.

_William of Palerne_, 223, 348.

Willibrord, St., 64.

Winchester, Godfrey of, 177.

Windisch, 11.

Winfrith (St. Boniface), 64.

Wireker, Nigel, 178 ff.

Woden, 29, 58, 60 ff., 65, 69, 80.

Woman, in Celtic literature, 15 ff., in Scandinavian literature, 42, in A.S. sermons, 90, in _Chanson de Roland_, 125 ff., in chansons, 144 ff., satirised by Map, 191, in English songs, 230 ff., in Chaucer, 303 ff., 332 ff., in Boccaccio, 308, 321, in _Gawayne_, 349, excluded from the _Pui_ Society, 357, satirised, 358, 369, in Langland, 387.

Women, _see_ Legend.

Woodkirk Mysteries, 465 ff.

Worcester, Florence of, 202.

Wordsworth, 343.

Workmen, London, in Chaucer, 315, singing, 355, St. Joseph one of them, 485 ff.

Wren, Christopher, 269.

Wright, Aldis, on Robert of Gloucester, 122.

_Wright's Chaste Wife_, 496.

Wulfstan, the homilist, 89.

Wulfstan, the traveller, 84.

Wulfstan, bishop of Worcester, 112, 209.

Wuelcker, on Caedmon, 71.

Wyclif, 154, 218, 389, life and works, 422 ff., 520 ff.

Wyclif Society, 427.

Wykeham, William of, 175, 261, 416 ff.

Wyntoun, Andrew de, 496.

_Year Books_, 118, 238 ff.

Ymagynatyf, 376.

_York plays_, 465 ff., their end, 493.

Ypres, John of, 424.

Ysengrin, 149 ff.

Zeno, Apostolo, 332.

Zimmer, 11.

Zupitza, on _Beowulf_, 48, on Guy of Warwick, 224.

Transcriber's Notes

The year in Roman numerals has been retained as it is in the original. Changed owned to owed on page 249, "allegiance is only owed" Added opening parenthesis in footnote 166, "see also P. Meyer" Added opening parenthesis in footnote 337, "cf. Bramlette's article"